CN102499133A - Polyculture system and polyculture method of fish and mussel in fresh water pond - Google Patents
Polyculture system and polyculture method of fish and mussel in fresh water pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN102499133A CN102499133A CN2011103212164A CN201110321216A CN102499133A CN 102499133 A CN102499133 A CN 102499133A CN 2011103212164 A CN2011103212164 A CN 2011103212164A CN 201110321216 A CN201110321216 A CN 201110321216A CN 102499133 A CN102499133 A CN 102499133A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyculture system and polyculture method of fish and mussel in a fresh water pond. The polyculture system comprises a polyculture pond, wherein the polyculture pond is divided and isolated by an isolation device into a fish intensive culture region and a fish and mussel polyculture region, cultured fish and mussel can not pass through the isolation device, but microorganisms and suspended particles in the water can permeate the isolation device so as to be freely exchanged between the regions; in the whole polyculture pond, the number ratio of fish to pearl mussel is 1:(0.5-1.25); mixed feed is fed into the fish intensive culture region at a fixed point by a bait feeding machine, oxygen is increased in the fish intensive culture region by an oxygen-increasing machine so as to promote the substance exchange between the fish intensive culture region and the fish and mussel polyculture region, the color and transparancy of water in the polyculture pond are adjusted by fertilizing, and the hardness of water in the polyculture pond is adjusted by adding quick lime, wherein the transparancy of the water in the polyculture pond is 35-45 cm, the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the surface layer is more than 2 mg/L, the chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) is 15-25 mg/L and the total hardness (Ca<2+>) is 20-60 mg/L. By adopting the polyculture system and polyculture method, the yields of pearl and fish are effectively increased, the culturing risk and culturing pollution are reduced, and the comprehensive benefit of the fresh water pond culturing of pearl is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the freshwater aquiculture technical field; The system of raising together with and the polyculture method that relate to freshwater pearl freshwater mussel and fish comprise and raise together with that kind is formed and the quantity blend proportion, raise together with management (bait throwing in, fertilising, oxygenation, replenish the calcium, change water etc.), raise together with pond function division and structure.
Background technology
Pearl is a kind of bullion, has very high decorative art and is worth; Pearl also is a kind of traditional Chinese medicines material, has higher medical value.Along with society and rapid economy development, the purposes of pearl is constantly expanded, and market demand is also increasing.
The pearl overwhelming majority who sells in the market is the pearl of artificial culture.According to cultivating the pearl salinity of water, can pearl be divided into sea water pearls and fresh water pearl.The artificial culture fresh water pearl is with a long history in China.Hydriopsis cumingii is the main pearl freshwater mussel kind that China is used for cultivating fresh water pearl.The breeding production mode of cultivating fresh water pearl mainly contains two kinds: the pearl freshwater mussel of supporting through operation inserted sheet or slotting nuclear is hung in (1) in natural waters such as river course, lake, adopts the method for fertilizer (for example duck excrement, quail excrement etc.), soya-bean milk and chemical fertilizer to cultivate phytoplankton as nacreous natural bait; (2) in the pond of natural or hand digging, hang foster pearl freshwater mussel; Usually raise together with a small amount of filter-feeding fish (for example silver carp, flathead etc.) in the pond or combine to support duck, adopt the splash method of fertilizer (for example duck excrement, quail excrement etc.), soya-bean milk and chemical fertilizer of compost or manual work to cultivate phytoplankton as nacreous natural bait.Because heavy dressing causes water quality to ruin easily, adopt the method for changing water to regulate pond water quality usually.
In above-mentioned traditional pond rearing pearl mode of production that widely adopts: mainly raising together with fish in (1) pond is filter-feeding fish (silver carp and flathead), herbivorous fishes (grass carp) and ominivore-fish (crucian carp); Fish: freshwater mussel quantity ratio is generally 1: 4-5, promptly pearl freshwater mussel breeding density is 1.2-1.5/m
2, fish stocking density is lower than 0.3 tail/m2.(2), be the pearl freshwater mussel and raise together with fish and cultivate natural bait through a large amount of organic fertilizers to the fish of the raising together with manufactured feed of often not throwing something and feeding.(3) breeding water body is not carried out function and divide, all fish and freshwater mussel are directly raised together with in the pond.(4) do not take the oxygenation measure as yet during the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with, special compound feed prescription and feeding technology thereof that relevant fish freshwater mussel is raised together with do not form as yet.(5) improve cultivate water through changing water in a large number, the breeding wastewater of discharging causes severe contamination to plant's surrounding area water environment.Therefore, under traditional breeding way, the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the shortage overall planning, fish freshwater mussel mutuality of interest does not demonstrate fully, and low-density is raised together with fish and made that the fish crop of water body is on the low side; A large amount of fertilizers that use cause culturing waters eutrophication and water quality deterioration, cause pearl freshwater mussel and fish disease easily; Change water waste freshwater resources in a large number, and landlocked freshwater is produced pollution.The economic benefit that the problems referred to above make the fish freshwater mussel raise together with is lower, has bigger breed risk.
To the problems referred to above, one Chinese patent application numbers 200610167498.6 discloses a kind of fresh water pearl freshwater mussel pond and has raised together with system and polyculture method.On this patent application technical scheme basis; The present invention further improves and innovation, and it is raised together with kind and form and the quantity blend proportion through confirming rational fish freshwater mussel, carries out the planning of rational breeding water body space structure and trophic structure; Adopt rational bait throwing in, fertilising and bleeding technique; Improve the survival rate and the growth rate of pearl production and cultivated animals (comprising fish, freshwater mussel), the utilization ratio of nutriment in the feed of raising input and the fertilizer reduces accumulation of breed refuse and breeding wastewater and discharges.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel and raise together with system and polyculture method.The present invention can improve pearl production and fish crop effectively, reduces and cultures risk and culture pollution, improves the comprehensive benefit of fresh water pearl pond culture.
The present invention takes following technical scheme:
Fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel is raised together with system, and it comprises raises together with the pond, and this is raised together with the pond and is divided by spacer assembly and be isolated into fish intensive culture district and the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district; The said fish freshwater mussel of putting in a suitable place to breed can not be passed through spacer assembly, but microorganism in the water body and suspended particulate can see through spacer assembly and between each district, freely exchange; Raise together with in the pond whole, fish are 1 with nacreous quantity ratio: 0.5-1.25; Through the bait throwing in machine to raising together with fish intensive culture district, the pond fixed point manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding; Raise together with the mass exchange in district through aerator to raising together with pond fish intensive culture district oxygenation and promotion fish intensive culture district and fish freshwater mussel; Utilize fertilising to regulate the water colour and the transparency of raising together with the pond, utilize and execute the hardness that the pond is raised together with in the quicklime adjusting, said transparency of raising together with the pond is 35-45cm; Top layer dissolved oxygen DO＞2mg/L, chemical oxygen demand cod
MnBe 15-25mg/L, total hardness Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.
Preferably, in fish intensive culture district, put in carnivorous, phytophagy and/or the ominivore-fish one or more to high-density in a suitable place to breed, concrete fish culture kind can be looked the market demand and decided.Raise together with the district the fish freshwater mussel, can raise together with omnivorousness and filter-feeding fish more than 3 kinds, can raise together with in a type of comprising in shrimps, predacious fish, the fancy fishes or several types and these classifications one or more in addition.
Preferably, fish intensive culture district is positioned at the regional area of pond one side, raises together with the district for the fish freshwater mussel outside this regional area.
Preferably, when the depth of water≤2m that raises together with the pond (to sharrow pool), spacer assembly adopts purse seine; When the depth of water＞2m that raises together with the pond (to deep water pond), spacer assembly adopts net cage.
Preferably, the pond can be the freshwater of natural or hand digging, and area is preferably 3333-66666m
2, 6666-33330m more preferably
2, the depth of water is 0.7～3 meter.
Preferably, fish intensive culture district can be positioned at the pond weather, and fish intensive culture district is 1 with the area ratio that the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district: 20-1: 200, and preferred area ratio is 1: 50-1: 100.
Raising together with administrative skill refers to according to raising together with water quality index system, the bait throwing in of taking to raising together with, fertilising, oxygenation and hardness control technique.Adopt polyculture method of the present invention, weather is placed the bait throwing in machine in fish intensive culture district, places Waterwheel-type or end aerating type aerator simultaneously in the pond, raises together with the mass exchange in district through aerator promotion current quickening fish intensive culture district and fish freshwater mussel.
Raising together with the water quality management index system refers to the parameter of pond water quality administrative institute foundation comprise transparency, chemical oxygen consumption (COC) (COD
Mn), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total hardness and Ca
2+Wherein, according to transparency, chemical oxygen consumption (COC) (COD
Mn), dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH confirm bait throwing in, fertilising intensity, confirms the aerator open hour according to DO, according to total hardness and Ca
2+Confirm to execute the intensity of quicklime time.Transparency is 35-45cm, morning 5:00 top layer DO＞2mg/L, COD
MnBe 15-25mg/L, Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.
The present invention also provides fresh-water pool pond fish clam polyculture method, and it carries out as follows:
(1) sets up fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel and raise together with system: utilize spacer assembly will raise together with the pond and divide and be isolated into fish intensive culture district and the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district; The fish freshwater mussel of putting in a suitable place to breed can not be passed through spacer assembly, freely exchanges between each district but microorganism in the water body and suspended particulate can see through spacer assembly;
(2) the high density stocked carp in fish intensive culture district is raised together with the district the fish freshwater mussel and is raised together with pearl freshwater mussel, fish; Wholely raise together with in the pond fish: nacreous quantity ratio is 1: 0.5-1.25;
(3) manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding in fish intensive culture district uses aerator oxygenation, carries out fish intensive culture operation;
(4) raise together with district organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and quicklime the fish freshwater mussel, carry out the fish freshwater mussel and raise together with operation;
(5) according to pond culture water quality management index fish intensive culture district and fish freshwater mussel are raised together with the district and carry out unified breed operation; Comprise according to pond management water quality index and change the bait throwing in of taking, fertilising, oxygenation, execute quicklime, change water etc.; Reaching the water quality index of raising together with the pond is: transparency is 30-50cm; Top layer DO＞2mg/L, COD
MnBe 10-5mg/L, Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.
Preferably, culturing operation comprises fish and pearl freshwater mussel growth inspection, disease prevention and control and adjusting pond water level.In breeding process, keep water level constant basically, the each quantity of exchanged water in pond is no more than 10% of breeding water body amount, is preferably 3-5%.
Preferably, in same pond, carry out fish intensive culture operation simultaneously and the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with operation.
Preferably, in fish intensive culture district, put in carnivorous, phytophagy and/or the ominivore-fish one or more to high-density in a suitable place to breed, concrete fish culture kind is unrestricted, can look the market demand and decides.So-called high density is put in a suitable place to breed and is referred to that breeding density surpasses 15 tails/m
2Raise together with the district the fish freshwater mussel, raise together with omnivorousness and filter-feeding fish more than 3 kinds, can raise together with in a type of comprising in shrimps, predacious fish, the fancy fishes or several types and these classifications one or more in addition.Raise together with the district the fish freshwater mussel, nacreous cultivation density can be equal to or higher than conventional cultivation density, and its conventional cultivation density is well known in the art, is 1.2-1.5/m
2Raising together with kind and the quantity of fish can confirm according to the market sale situation etc. that pond water quality, pearl freshwater mussel are cultured situation, fish.On the whole, fish quantity (intensive culture district fish quantity+fish freshwater mussel is raised together with district's fish quantity) pearl freshwater mussel quantity=1: 0.5-1.25.And in conventional cultivation, raise together with fish quantity: pearl freshwater mussel quantity=1: 4-5.
In fish intensive culture district, the bait throwing in machine is installed is used to the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding.The feed of throwing something and feeding enters water body after being ingested, digest by fish, is further utilized by the pearl freshwater mussel again.Feed formula can be directed against this method specialized designs; Its difference with general fish manufactured feed is in the used fish feed formula to be main forage protein source with higher plant protein material of phytate phosphorus content such as dregs of beans etc. that inorganic P (CaH2PO4 or CaHPO4) addition is apparently higher than the addition of similar carp compound feed.Preferably, plant protein material such as dregs of beans accounts for the 80-100% of forage protein content in the carp compound feed that fish intensive culture district throws something and feeds, and adds 1-3% brewer's yeast and 10% (5-15%) corn protein powder, and the CaH2PO4 addition is 2-5%.
Raise together with the district the fish freshwater mussel, adopt the method for organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and quicklime to regulate pond water quality.Fertilising and frequency and the quantity of executing quicklime are according to water transparency, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), hardness (Ca
2+) and organic (COD
Mn) content confirms.
Because fish intensive culture district and large-area fish freshwater mussel are raised together with between the district except cultivated animals such as fish, freshwater mussel are isolated; Microorganism, nutriment, current etc. all can freely exchange; In fish intensive culture district, aerator is set and is used for oxygenation, and promote fish intensive culture district and fish freshwater mussel to raise together with the mass exchange between the district.
Through bait throwing in, fertilising, oxygenation and the method for executing quicklime pond water quality being kept transparency is 35-45cm, morning 5:00DO＞2mg/L, COD
MnBe 15-25mg/L, Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.Raise together with the pond and can change water on a small quantity, also can not change water.
In sum; The present invention: (1) discovery increases raises together with the growth generation facilitation of fish density to nacreous growth and pearl; The system of raising together with that proposes has increased the feeding habits type (omnivorousness, carnivorous and filter-feeding) of raising together with fish kind (more than 3 kinds) and raising together with fish, has increased substantially to raise together with fish density (raising together with middle fish density than existing pearl freshwater mussel pond increases more than 3 times); (2) find to throw something and feed that to raise together with fish favourable to the growth of pearl freshwater mussel with manufactured feed; Throw in the main nutrient matter input of manufactured feed to fish intensive culture district, utilize the indigested feed residue of fish (fish ight soil) to provide organic debris as nacreous food as the pond; (3) find that associating organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can replenish the deficiency of organic debris amount in the pond and the N in the balance water body: the P ratio, regulate the kind of pond phytoplankton and form and biomass, help pearl growth; (4) finding to change pond dissolved oxygen and water body flows to the positive effect of pearl growth; Utilize aerator oxygenation to satisfy the dissolved oxygen demand of raising together with fish; Promoting residual bait that current produce fish intensive culture district through aerator is transported to the fish freshwater mussel with fish ight soil and raises together with the district, organic oxidoreduction speed in the quickening pond; (5) find that reasonable combination measure (1), (2), (3), (4) can significantly improve pearl production and fish crop, improve the stability of culturing.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: make full use of and raise together with fish, increased and raised together with fish density nacreous beneficial effect; Reduced the injected volume of fertilizer through the fish manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding; Increase dissolved oxygen in water content and accelerate nutriment circulation in the water through the one-way flow aerator is set, regulate the kind of phytoplankton and form and biomass.Comprehensive fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the kind Combination Design, the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, oxygenation and adjusting hardness, has improved pearl production and fish crop, and has effectively improved water resource utilization efficiency, reduces and cultures waste discharge.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the function division sketch map that the present invention raises together with the pond.
Fig. 2 is the subregion partition method sketch map that the present invention raises together with the pond.
Wherein, the 1-pond, 2-fish intensive culture district, 3-fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district, 4-bait throwing in machine, 5-aerator, 6-spacer assembly.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described further.
Like Fig. 1, shown in 2, the fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel of the present invention system of raising together with comprises pond 1, and pond 1 is divided fish intensive culture districts 2 through spacer assembly 6 and raised together with district 3 with the fish freshwater mussel, and in fish intensive culture district 2 bait throwing in machine 4 and aerator 5 is set.The area of raising together with the pond is 3333-66666m
2, fish intensive culture district is 1: 20～1: 200 with the area ratio that the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district, aerator can promote water body one-way flow in the pond.Spacer assembly 6 can adopt purse seine or net cage, and when the depth of water of raising together with the pond≤2m, spacer assembly adopts purse seine; When the depth of water of raising together with the pond＞2m, spacer assembly adopts net cage.Utilize spacer assembly that the regional area in pond is separated into fish intensive culture district 2, outside the raising together with for the fish freshwater mussel of this regional area distinguishes 3.Spacer assembly only stops cultivated animals such as fish, pearl freshwater mussel to pass through, and microorganism and nutriment can freely exchange between each zone.Whole raising together with in the pond, fish are 1 with nacreous quantity ratio: 0.5-1.25; Through the bait throwing in machine to the fish intensive culture district fixed point manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding; Through aerator to fish intensive culture district's oxygenation and promote fish intensive culture district and the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the mass exchange in district; Utilize fertilising to regulate the water colour and the transparency of raising together with the pond, utilize and execute the hardness that the pond is raised together with in the quicklime adjusting, the transparency of raising together with the pond is 35-45cm; Top layer dissolved oxygen DO＞2mg/L, chemical oxygen demand cod
MnBe 15-25mg/L, total hardness Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.
Raise together with system and utilize this system of raising together with to carry out the main flow process that the fish freshwater mussel raises together with following:
The pond is selected → confirms the fish freshwater mussel to raise together with kind to form to raise together with breeding density → set up function division-fish intensive culture district and fish freshwater mussel and distinguish → put in a suitable place to breed pearl freshwater mussel and fish → set up bait throwing in, fertilising, oxygenation, execute quicklime, change water and disease control technology → breeding wastewater is managed.
Each step is specifically by following operation:
(1) pond is selected: select not receive serious industrial waste and pesticide pollution, area is 19998-33330m
2Natural or artificial freshwater.It is acid that the pond surrounding soil not should be, and the water source of cleaning is arranged, and the depth of water can reach 0.7-3m after the retaining of pond.
(2) confirm that the fish freshwater mussel raises together with that kind is formed and breeding density: confirm specification (insert pearl oyster or insert pearl oyster) and the quantity of cultured pearl freshwater mussel according to pond and market situation, and the intensive culture district with raise together with kind, specification and the quantity of distinguishing stocked carp.The species number of raising together with fish is the 2-8 kind, and the feeding habits of raising together with fish are no less than 2 kinds, comprise phytophagy and omnivorousness, and the quantity ratio of phytophagy fish and ominivore-fish is 1: 1-5.In the whole pond, fish is 1-0.5 with the quantity ratio of freshwater mussel: 1.25.
(3) set up function division: pond water is put dried, cleaned up the pond, in the pond, isolate fish intensive culture district with purse seine (sharrow pool) or net cage (deep water pond) with quicklime.Generally, fish intensive culture district and fish freshwater mussel to raise together with the ratio of district's area be 1: 50-1: 100.After setting up the breed functional areas, with the pond retaining, organic fertilizer is cultivated phytoplankton.
(4) put pearl freshwater mussel and fish in a suitable place to breed: the fish freshwater mussel according to design is raised together with scheme stocked carp in fish intensive culture district respectively, raises together with to the fish freshwater mussel and puts pearl freshwater mussel, fish and shrimp in the district in a suitable place to breed.
(5) set up bait throwing in, fertilising, oxygenation, execute quicklime, change water and disease control technology: reaching the water quality index of raising together with the pond is: transparency is 30-50cm, top layer DO＞2mg/L, COD
MnBe 10-5mg/L, Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.Fish kind according to put in a suitable place to breed in the intensive culture district is carried out the compound feed prescription design, and entrusts feed factory processing, also can directly buy manufactured feed from market as the case may be.Every day is through the bait throwing in machine manufactured feed of in fish intensive culture district, fixing a point to throw something and feed.According to the fertilising of the relevant water quality index in pond with execute quicklime.Aerator selects for use waterwheel aerator or inflation to push away the ability of swimming aerator, regularly starts aerator oxygenation, makes regular check on pearl growth pattern in the survival of pearl freshwater mussel, growth and the freshwater mussel.At any time adjustment keeps the pond stable level.Through regulating pond water quality and taking prophylaxis to reduce the possibility and the harm of fish, the generation of freshwater mussel disease.
(6) breeding wastewater management: do not efflux to put in a suitable place to breed in principle during the breed and grow waste water to the pond.Change water like true needs, then change water by a small amount of principle repeatedly.Set up long and shallow escape canal, utilize growing plants purifying aquaculture waste water in the drain ditch.Each quantity of exchanged water of raising together with the pond is no more than 10% of breeding water body capacity.
The different breeding pattern is tested the influence of growth of pearl freshwater mussel and pearl growth:
(1) enclosure culture experiment:
1) raises together with system: use 12 areas to be 7.96m
2, depth of water 1.2-1.3m enclosure.
2) polyculture method: with inserting Pearl River Delta sail freshwater mussel 2 ages, raising together with fish is grass carp, pond crucian carp, silver carp and flathead.The breeding density of hydriopsis cumingii is every m
21.26 in waters.Hydriopsis cumingii is 1: 1,1: 2,1: 3,1: 4 with raising together with fish quantity, and raising together with the fish fixed ratio is grass carp, pond crucian carp, silver carp, flathead=6: 2: 1: 1, and 3 repetitions are established in each processing.
Cultured 90 days.The method that experimental session every morning, afternoon propose by the present invention manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding.Execute 1kg duck excrement in each enclosure during the experiment beginning, the experimental session enclosure does not change water.
3) culture the result:
Each was handled in (1: 1,1: 2,1: 3,1: 4) each hydriopsis cumingii and produces pearl weight and be respectively 0.591 ± 0.191,0.772 ± 0.147,0.641 ± 0.111 and 0.416 ± 0.102g when experiment finished.Pearl production exceeds average yield 27.6% apparently higher than other three processing in handling at 1: 2.After converting according to freshwater mussel cultivation density and survival rate, each pearl production of handling of experimental session is respectively 7.4 ± 2.4,9.7 ± 1.8,8.1 ± 1.4 and 5.2 ± 1.3kg/ha.
Each is handled and to raise together with the fish average yield in (1: 1,1: 2,1: 3,1: 4) and be respectively 786,1657,1712 and 1517kg/ha (seeing table 1 for details); Hydriopsis cumingii output is respectively 311,782,305 and 230kg/ha.
The various fish output (kg/ha) of raising together with in table 1 different disposal
| Handle | Grass carp | Pond crucian carp | Silver carp | Flathead | Trash fish |
| 1∶1 | 156±42 | 31±1 | 217±100 | 72±10 | 311±146 |
| 1∶2 | 379±159 | 51±17 | 316±16 | 129±17 | 782±484 |
| 1∶3 | 703±189 | 100±64 | 452±106 | 152±53 | 305±56 |
| 1∶4 | 561±99 | 97±14 | 535±47 | 93±46 | 230±22 |
Visible from experimental result, when pearl freshwater mussel quantity is lower than when raising together with fish quantity, can improve pearl production and fish crop.When fish freshwater mussel ratio was 2: 1, pearl production, fish crop and pearl freshwater mussel output were all higher.
(2) pond culture experiment:
1) raise together with system: select 2 ponds for use, area is 20000m
2, the about 1.3～1.5m of the depth of water.Be isolated into fish intensive culture district with the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district with purse seine in the pond one, two regional area ratios are 1: 75.Adopt traditional pond breeding method (not carrying out sequestered partition) in the pond two.
2) polyculture method: the pearl freshwater mussel is selected hydriopsis cumingii for use, and specification is not insert pearl oyster and slotting pearl oyster 2 ages.Pearl freshwater mussel freshwater mussel kind, fingerling and quantity thereof: used pearl freshwater mussel freshwater mussel kind and fingerling are consistent basically between the pond.Pond one is every m in fish intensive culture district
2The water surface is put 16 tail pond crucian carps in a suitable place to breed; The fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the every m in district
2The waters is put silver carp 0.05 tail, flathead 0.1 tail and pond crucian carp 0.01 tail in a suitable place to breed.Raise together with silver carp, flathead and pond crucian carp by traditional polyculture method in the pond two.Except that raising together with system and method, keep the uniformity between the pond.
Culturing time: 165 days.Pond crucian carp is raised in experimental session pond one bait throwing in fish intensive culture district, utilizes residual bait, fish ight soil to wait rich water to culture and raises together with the pearl freshwater mussel and the fish in district, is raising together with district's fertilising.Only fertilising in the pond two, the fish manufactured feed of not throwing something and feeding.
3) culture the result:
When experiment finishes in the pond one pond crucian carp, silver carp and flathead output be respectively 162,129 and 259kg/ha; Do not insert pearl oyster and slotting pearl oyster output and be respectively 2036kg/ha and 1966kg/ha.Pond crucian carps, silver carp and flathead output are respectively 14,284 and 189kg/ha in the pond two; Do not insert pearl oyster and slotting pearl oyster output and be respectively 2452kg/ha and 1454kg/ha.
Each slotting pearl oyster produces pearl weight and is respectively 2.527 ± 0.858g and 1.623 ± 0.470g in the pond one and two.Single slotting pearl oyster pearl production exceeds 55.7% than pond two in the pond one.Behind the cultivation density and survival rate conversion according to freshwater mussel in the pond, pearl production is 71.4 ± 24.2kg/ha in the duration of test pond one, and pond two is 46.6 ± 13.5kg/ha
Visible from experimental result, fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel of the present invention is raised together with system and method can obviously improve pearl production and fish crop than existing cultural method.
Claims (10)
1. fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel is raised together with system; It comprises raises together with the pond; This is raised together with the pond and is divided by spacer assembly and be isolated into fish intensive culture district and the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district; The fish freshwater mussel of putting in a suitable place to breed can not be passed through spacer assembly, but microorganism in the water body and suspended particulate can see through spacer assembly and between each district, freely exchange; It is characterized in that: whole raising together with in the pond, fish are 1 with nacreous quantity ratio: 0.5-1.25; Through the bait throwing in machine to the fish intensive culture district fixed point manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding; Through aerator to fish intensive culture district's oxygenation and promote fish intensive culture district and the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the mass exchange in district; Utilize fertilising to regulate the water colour and the transparency of raising together with the pond, utilize and execute the hardness that the pond is raised together with in the quicklime adjusting, the transparency of raising together with the pond is 35-45cm; Top layer dissolved oxygen DO＞2mg/L, chemical oxygen demand cod
MnBe 15-25mg/L, total hardness Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.
2. fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel as claimed in claim 1 is raised together with system, it is characterized in that: when the depth of water of raising together with the pond≤2m, described spacer assembly is selected from purse seine; When the depth of water of raising together with the pond＞2m, described spacer assembly is selected from net cage.
3. fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel as claimed in claim 1 is raised together with system, it is characterized in that: the described pond area of raising together with is 3333-66666m
2, said fish intensive culture district is 1 with the area ratio that the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district: 50-1: 100.
4. fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel as claimed in claim 1 is raised together with system, it is characterized in that: whole raising together with in the pond, fish are 1 with nacreous quantity ratio: 0.5-1.
5. fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel as claimed in claim 1 is raised together with system; It is characterized in that: said species number of raising together with fish is the 2-8 kind; The feeding habits of raising together with fish are no less than 2 kinds, comprise phytophagy and omnivorousness, and the quantity ratio of phytophagy fish and ominivore-fish is 1: 1-5.
6. fresh-water pool pond fish clam polyculture method, it carries out as follows:
(1) sets up fresh-water pool pond fish freshwater mussel and raise together with system: will raise together with the pond and utilize spacer assembly to divide and be isolated into fish intensive culture district and the fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district; The fish freshwater mussel of putting in a suitable place to breed can not be passed through spacer assembly, freely exchanges between each district but microorganism in the water body and suspended particulate can see through spacer assembly;
(2) the high density stocked carp in fish intensive culture district is raised together with the district the fish freshwater mussel and is raised together with pearl freshwater mussel, fish; Whole raising together with in the pond, fish are 1 with nacreous quantity ratio: 0.5-1.25;
(3) manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding in fish intensive culture district uses aerator oxygenation, carries out fish intensive culture operation;
(4) raise together with district organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and quicklime the fish freshwater mussel, carry out the fish freshwater mussel and raise together with operation;
(5) according to pond culture water quality management index fish intensive culture district and fish freshwater mussel are raised together with the district and carry out unified breed operation; Comprise according to pond management water quality index and change the bait throwing in of taking, fertilising, oxygenation, execute quicklime, change water etc.; Reaching the water quality index of raising together with the pond is: transparency is 30-50cm; Top layer DO＞2mg/L, COD
MnBe 10-5mg/L, Ca
2+Be 20-60mg/L.
7. fresh-water pool pond fish clam polyculture method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the fish that said fish freshwater mussel is raised together with the district are selected from one or more of carnivorous, phytophagy, ominivore-fish.
8. fresh-water pool pond fish clam polyculture method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described fish intensive culture operation comprises throw something and feed manufactured feed and the oxygenation of use aerator, and described fish freshwater mussel is raised together with operation and comprises organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and quicklime.
9. fresh-water pool pond fish clam polyculture method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described aerator selects for use waterwheel aerator or inflation to push away the ability of swimming aerator.
10. fresh-water pool pond fish clam polyculture method according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: (5) step; Describedly change the stable measure of being taked that water is meant the stable and water quality that keeps raising together with the pond water level, each quantity of exchanged water of raising together with the pond is no more than 10% of breeding water body capacity.
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| CN114982697A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-02 | 上海海洋大学 | Multi-nutrition-level three-dimensional partition type pond culture system |
| CN116235805A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-06-09 | 通威农业发展有限公司 | Efficient and ecological method for mixedly culturing penaeus vannamei boone and longhairy fish |
| CN116235805B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-04-30 | 通威农业发展有限公司 | Efficient and ecological method for mixedly culturing penaeus vannamei boone and longhairy fish |
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