CN102893937B - Efficient carp farming method by using free-of-water changing pond - Google Patents
Efficient carp farming method by using free-of-water changing pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN102893937B CN102893937B CN201210447508.7A CN201210447508A CN102893937B CN 102893937 B CN102893937 B CN 102893937B CN 201210447508 A CN201210447508 A CN 201210447508A CN 102893937 B CN102893937 B CN 102893937B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
An efficient carp farming method by using a free-of-water changing pond relates to a carp farming method. The efficient carp farming method aims at solving the problems of low farming efficiency, serious per se pollution to a farming water body and low survival rate of carps existing in the traditional farming method. The efficient carp farming method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: 1. setting of pond conditions; 2. fish seed farming; 3. feedstuff feeding; 4. farming management; and 5. regulation and control of water quality. The efficient carp farming method has the advantages of being free of discharging of farming sewage in the farming process and pollution to surrounding environments and capable of effectively increasing the survival rate of carps. The efficient carp farming method is applied to the field of carp farming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of carp.
Background technology
At present, the cultivation of carp has mostly been continued to use to the pond culture pattern that tradition is changed ability of swimming.Yet, the traditional pond culture of fish be take a large amount of consumption of natural resource and is carried out as cost, show as land resources is occupied increasing, increasing and living resources are consumed increasing etc. to water resources consumption, and in breeding process, organic a large amount of accumulation such as the corpse of residual bait, ight soil, dead organisms, the sediments of breeding water body, ammonia nitrogen and content of nitrite significantly raise, cultured fishes and surrounding enviroment are constituted a serious threat, the survival rate of carp is only 85% left and right, has seriously hindered the Sustainable Healthy Development of pond culture.Therefore, develop a kind ofly can reduce Aquacultural water self-pollution, reduce breeding wastewater discharge, improve cultured fishes food utilization efficiency energy-conservation, reduce discharging, pond culture mode is imperative efficiently.
Existing patent publication No. is that CN102487879A, denomination of invention are the Chinese invention patent that mono-kind of < < promotes the method > > that freshwater aquiculture pond life floc sedimentation forms, and specifically discloses following technical characteristics: calculate as follows each time to adding the amount of doing molasses in freshwater aquiculture pond: Δ CH=35 * H * S * C
nH3-N, wherein Δ CH is molasses addition g, and H is pond waters degree of depth m, and S is pond waters area m
2, C
nH3-Nfor ammonia-nitrogen content mg/L in pond waters; This relational expression is according to carbon nitrogen balance principle required in microbial reproduction process, in theory by all microbial consumption utilizations be converted into the needed carbon source addition of mycoprotein in water body of the ammoniacal nitrogen in pond.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve in existing cultural method, to cultivate that efficiency is low, breeding water body self-pollution serious and the low problem of carp survival rate, provides a kind of carp zero to change water pond breeding method.
A kind of carp of the present invention zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and carries out according to the following steps: one, pond condition: 5～15 mu of pond areas, and 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth, are equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, and every mu by 0.7～1 kilowatt of outfit aerator; First 7～10 days of fingerling stocking, with dry method of guicklime sterilization, quicklime consumption is 70～75,000 grams/acre;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, without deformity, the anosis fingerling without wound is put; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 100～110kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail; Silver carp 20～25kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Flathead 10～16kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Grass carp 5～10kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is marketable fish manufactured feed; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and can stop throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed every day 3～5 times;
Four, aquaculture management: do not change water in breeding process, only supplement evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
tAN-N– 38)/1000 calculating molasses interpolation total amounts, wherein H is the pond depth of water (m); S is pond area (m
2); C
tAN-Nfor the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond (mg/L); When if water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; If water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is during higher than 3mg/L, molasses to be added to total amount and divide and insert pond 2-3 time, each interpolation is spaced apart 2-3 days.
Carp of the present invention zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and changes on water base plinth at breeding water body zero, by artificial interpolation carbohydrate, promote endogenous microbes amount reproduction in pond waters, utilize endogenous microbes assimilation inorganic nitrogen, be converted into mycoprotein, in order to reduce harmful nitrogenous source such as ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen in cultivating pool, improve culture-pool water quality environment.Meanwhile, heterotrophic bacteria forms microorganism flocculation group through further flocculation, by carp and silver carp bighead, ingested, water saving, energy-conservation, reduce discharging on basis, play regulation and control water quality, promote Cycle of nutrients recycling, the effect that improves carp survival rate.And in breeding process, do not have aquaculture wastewater to discharge, to surrounding enviroment, can not produce pollution, so this cultural method can produce good ecological benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: a kind of carp of present embodiment zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and carries out according to the following steps: one, pond condition: 5～15 mu of pond areas, 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth, be equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, every mu by 0.7～1 kilowatt of outfit aerator; First 7～10 days of fingerling stocking, with dry method of guicklime sterilization, quicklime consumption is 70～75,000 grams/acre;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, without deformity, the anosis fingerling without wound is put; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 100～110kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail; Silver carp 20～25kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Flathead 10～16kg/ mu, specification 50～100g/ tail; Grass carp 5～10kg/ mu, specification 100～200g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is marketable fish manufactured feed; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and can stop throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed every day 3～5 times;
Four, aquaculture management: do not change water in breeding process, only supplement evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
tAN-N– 38)/1000 calculating molasses interpolation total amounts, wherein H is the pond depth of water (m); S is pond area (m
2); C
tAN-Nfor the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond (mg/L); When if water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; If water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is during higher than 3mg/L, molasses to be added to total amount and divide and insert pond 2-3 time, each interpolation is spaced apart 2-3 days.
The feed that present embodiment is thrown something and fed is commercially available prod, is the marketable fish manufactured feed that is applicable to the different vegetative stages of carp.
Present embodiment is in cultivation early stage, according to fish movement situation and weather, water quality situation, at dissolved oxygen, during lower than 4mg/L, opens aerator oxygenation; Cultivate mid-term, every day is afternoon and respectively open aerator oxygenation once early morning, each 2-3 hour, and high temperature season increases by 1～2 hour at every turn; In the cultivation later stage, according to water quality situation, can consider round-the-clock oxygenation.
The carp of present embodiment zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and changes on water base plinth at breeding water body zero, by artificial interpolation carbohydrate, promote endogenous microbes amount reproduction in pond waters, utilize endogenous microbes assimilation inorganic nitrogen, be converted into mycoprotein, in order to reduce harmful nitrogenous source such as ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen in cultivating pool, improve culture-pool water quality environment.Meanwhile, heterotrophic bacteria forms microorganism flocculation group through further flocculation, by carp and silver carp bighead, ingested, water saving, energy-conservation, reduce discharging on basis, play regulation and control water quality, promote Cycle of nutrients recycling, the effect that improves carp survival rate.And in breeding process, do not have aquaculture wastewater to discharge, to surrounding enviroment, can not produce pollution, so this cultural method can produce good ecological benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is different from embodiment one, in step 2, breeding density is loose Pu mirror carp 105kg/ mu; Silver carp 22.5kg/ mu; Flathead 15kg/ mu; Grass carp 7.5kg/ mu.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is different from embodiment one or two, in step 3, throw something and feed 4 every day.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to three is, in step 5, the interpolation time of molasses is the fine day morning, addition manner is that evenly splash in full pond or pond weather is splashed, during interpolation, open aerator, add the last fortnight and add the rear bactericide that do not use for two weeks.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
By following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test 1: a kind of carp zero is changed the pool, pond high-efficiency breeding method and carries out according to the following steps: one, pond condition: pond area is 13 mu, 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth, are equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, are equipped with 3,3kw aerator; First 7 days of fingerling stocking, with dry method of guicklime sterilization, quicklime consumption is 70,000 grams/acre;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, without deformity, the anosis fingerling without wound is put; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 105kg/ mu, specification 107g/ tail; Silver carp 22.5kg/ mu, specification 50g/ tail; Flathead 15kg/ mu, specification 81g/ tail; Grass carp 7.5kg/ mu, specification 141g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is for being applicable to the marketable fish manufactured feed of the different vegetative stages of carp; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and can stop throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed every day 4 times;
Four, aquaculture management: do not change water in breeding process, only supplement evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
tAN-N– 38)/1000 calculating molasses interpolation total amounts, wherein A is that molasses add total amount (kg); H is the pond depth of water (m); S is pond area (m
2); C
tAN-Nfor the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond (mg/L); When if water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; If water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is during higher than 3mg/L, molasses to be added to total amount and divide and insert pond 2～3 times, each interpolation is spaced apart 2～3 days.The interpolation time of molasses is the fine day morning, and addition manner is that on pond, public attention is evenly splashed, and opens aerator during interpolation, does not use any insecticidal bactericide in whole breeding process.
Result of the test: 1, in whole breeding process, water temperature is between 15-25 ℃, and average water temperature is 21 ℃.More than dissolved oxygen 4mg/L; Total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen remain on respectively below 1.8mg/L and below 0.2mg/L.In whole breeding process, fish body occurs without any disease.
2, this test is carried out (Hulan District, Harbin City) in the lower high latitude area of long-term mean temperature, and the average water temperature of duration of test only has 21 ℃, and the fish growth phase is shorter.However, through the cultivation of a culture-cycle (more than 150 days), the average weight of loose Pu mirror carp has grown to the 982g while the pool from 107g, and increment multiple reaches 8.2, and survival rate reaches 99.6%, and output reaches 963kg/ mu; The increment multiple of collocation fingerling silver carp, flathead and grass carp is respectively 7.3,4.5 and 8.7, and survival rate is respectively 99.8%, 100% and 100%; Gross yield reaches 1304kg/ mu (table 1).
Table 1 fingerling stocking and cultured output
From result of the test, to compare with the water aquaculture model that changes traditional under this cultivation density, every mu of the cultural method of this test can be saved 0.33 ten thousand ton of underground water, and can save and take out the energy cost that the corresponding water of note is paid; And greatly improved carp and with the survival rates of its collocation fish; Owing to not having aquaculture wastewater to discharge in breeding process, to surrounding enviroment, can not produce pollution, ecological benefits and social benefit are better.
Claims (1)
1. carp zero is changed a water pond breeding method, it is characterized in that carp zero changes water pond breeding method and carry out according to the following steps:
One, pond condition: pond area is 13 mu, 1.8～2.5 meters of the pond waters degree of depth, are equipped with one of device for feeding fish bait, are equipped with 3,3kw aerator; First 7 days of fingerling stocking, with dry method of guicklime sterilization, quicklime consumption is 70,000 grams/acre;
Two, fingerling stocking: select neat specification, body surface is complete, without deformity, the anosis fingerling without wound is put in a suitable place to breed; Breeding density and specification are as follows: loose Pu mirror carp 105kg/ mu, specification 107g/ tail; Silver carp 22.5kg/ mu, specification 50g/ tail; Flathead 15kg/ mu, specification 81g/ tail; Grass carp 7.5kg/ mu, specification 141g/ tail;
Three, feedstuff feeding: the feed of throwing something and feeding is for being applicable to the marketable fish manufactured feed of the different vegetative stages of carp; When every meal is thrown something and fed, there is 60～70% fish to leave and can stop throwing something and feeding, throw something and feed every day 4 times;
Four, aquaculture management: do not change water in breeding process, only supplement evaporation and water amount of seepage;
Five, regulating and controlling water quality: by adding molasses, water quality is improved, according to model A=H * S * (30 * C
tAN-N– 38)/1000 calculating molasses interpolation total amounts, wherein A is that molasses add total amount, its unit is kg; H is the pond depth of water, and its unit is m; S is pond area, and its unit is m
2; C
tAN-Nfor the initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration in pond, its unit is mg/L; When if water body ammonia nitrogen concentration reaches 1.5mg/L～3mg/L, disposable interpolation molasses; If water body ammonia nitrogen concentration is during higher than 3mg/L, molasses are added to total amount to be divided and inserts pond 2～3 times, each interpolation is spaced apart 2～3 days, the interpolation time of molasses is the fine day morning, addition manner is that on pond, public attention is evenly splashed, during interpolation, open aerator, in whole breeding process, do not use any insecticidal bactericide.
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| KR100654583B1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-12-06 | 주식회사 로보피아 | Water Purification System In Fish Farm And Water Quality Control System And Remote Control System Using It |
| KR100922481B1 (en) * | 2009-04-16 | 2009-10-21 | 한국농어촌공사 | A denitrification system using indigenous heterotrophic microorgnism with a controlled release molasses barriers |
| CN102487879A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-06-13 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Method for facilitating formation of microbial floccules in freshwater aquiculture pond |
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| CN106212344A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 南通华鎏水产有限公司 | The method for breeding of channel catfish |
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