CN101926301B - Low-carbon, environmental-friendly and efficient culturing management method for poly-culture of shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea, mudflat and ponds - Google Patents
Low-carbon, environmental-friendly and efficient culturing management method for poly-culture of shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea, mudflat and ponds Download PDFInfo
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- CN101926301B CN101926301B CN2010102796690A CN201010279669A CN101926301B CN 101926301 B CN101926301 B CN 101926301B CN 2010102796690 A CN2010102796690 A CN 2010102796690A CN 201010279669 A CN201010279669 A CN 201010279669A CN 101926301 B CN101926301 B CN 101926301B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquiculture, particularly relates to culturing management for the poly-culture of shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea, mudflat and ponds and aims to reduce the generation and discharge of aquiculture waste in the culturing process. The culturing management method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: after culturing seedlings in early spring, transferring water to control mass breeding of enteromorpha and delaying the enteromorpha salvaging time to late spring and early summer so as to reduce the generation of enteromorpha waste and increase the seedling protection rate and the survival rate; in summer, changing the bottom and transferring the water, so that the water is not changed, the discharge of culturing wastewater is reduced and the morbidity is reduced; and mixing composite vitamins or an EM preparation into the feed so as to improve the feed conversion rate, reduce the residual feed and the discharged waste, enhance the physique of the cultured animals and improve the survival rate. The method can effectively reduce the substance and energy waste in the poly-culture ecosystem of the shrimps, crabs and shellfish, reduce the eutrophication pollution in the water areas around the culturing area and overcome the problems of blind fertilization, environmental pollution caused by excessive discharge and irrigation and frequent disease outbreak of the traditional culturing management.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, be particularly related to the seabeach and be coated with and enclose the aquaculture management that pool shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with
Two, background technology
China is aquaculture big country, and cultured output accounts for 70% of world's cultivation gross yield.But China is not aquaculture power; when the cultured output increase is very fast; the cultured product quality is in urgent need to be improved; breeding ecological is demanded protection urgently; these breeding production managerial skills main and China are lowly relevant, and the aquaculture production of China has been absorbed in the high-density rearing, disease takes place frequently, arranges greatly a series of vicious circles such as large filling, medicament residue, environmental pollution, food security hidden danger.How to keep China's culture fishery sustainable, develop in a healthy way, be pendulum very real problem in face of each aquaculture worker.
Low-carbon (LC), environmental protection are the themes of modern production, life.China has developed more than 500 ten thousand hectares of the inland aquaculture waters surface at present, but accounts for 1/5 of inland surface dependency, and the seawater development water surface for aquaculture is more than 150 ten thousand hectares, but accounts for 1/3 of seawater surface dependency.In view of scale and the development potentiality of China's aquaculture, more have reason to advocate the cultivation theory of low-carbon (LC), environmental protection.
The seabeach that shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with is coated with encloses pool structure to be generally 3/4 area is that beach face, 1/4 area are circular groove and central sulcus, ditch depth 0.5-1.0m, but the dark 0.6-0.8m of retaining on beach face.Put embedded type filter food shellfish in a suitable place to breed as the razor clam of hanging, mud blood clam on beach face, the crab class of putting in a suitable place to breed is mainly mud crab, and shrimps are mainly Exopalaemon carinicauda, Penaeus Vannmei.Main to support kind be mud crab, in whole breeding process, only to the mud crab feed of throwing something and feeding.
At present, the cultural technique standard), the nuisanceless Penaeus Vannmei of DB33/T 399.2-2003 (part 2: the cultural technique standard), the nuisanceless razor clam of hanging of DB33/T504.2-2004 (part 2: form technical specification), the nuisanceless mud blood clam of DB33/T 458.2-2003 (part 2: form technical specification) main support mud crab, the cultural technique of raising together with shrimps, filter-feeding shellfish is according to being mainly the nuisanceless mud crab of DB33/T 398.2-2003 (part 2:.
The filter-feeding shellfish of raising together with mainly filters unicellular alga in drinking water, so require water body that certain fertile degree will be arranged.The cultivation of the razor clam of hanging nuisanceless according to DB33/T 504.2-2004 (part 2: form technical specification) 5.3.1 foundation bait (broadcast and support front 7d～10d by seed, select sunny weather, intake to beach face water level 20cm～30cm, by every cubic metre of water body nitrogen 2.0g～4.0g, phosphorus 0.2g～0.4g fertilising.Topdress 1 time every 2d～3d later on, consumption be first 1/3.Stop topdressing when the near 30cm of water transparence.), the cultivation of the nuisanceless mud blood clam of DB33/T 458.2-2003 (part 2: form technical specification) 4.4.1 foundation bait (broadcast and support front 7d～10d by seed, select sunny weather, intake to beach face water level 20cm～30cm, by every cubic metre of water body nitrogen 2g～4g, phosphorus 0.2g～0.4g fertilising.Topdress once every 2d～3d later on, consumption be first 1/3.Stop topdressing when the near 30cm of water transparence.), if put filter-feeding shellfish seed in a suitable place to breed in early spring, do not consider water temperature, illumination is former thereby blindly fertilising, not only in fact can not cultivate unicellular alga, can make on the contrary to enclose and grow in a large number the many cells green alga on the beach face of the pool, the seabeach is coated with that to enclose what the most easily grow in the pool be exactly Enteromorpha, and thick Enteromorpha covers on beach face, will certainly affect the filter-feeding shellfish of burying the life of dwelling on beach face, hinder it to ingest, breathe.And because Enteromorpha grows in a large number, unicellular alga also is difficult to form sociales.Because being afraid of to have influence on the growth of intertidal shellfish, the method for operating of this stage breeding management legacy is fertilising when cultivating phytoplankton, often descends the pool to remove to pull out Enteromorpha, directly abandons on the foster Tang Chi ridge and lets alone to rot.
Shrimps are put in a suitable place to breed and can be selected to put in a suitable place to breed seed shrimp (put seed shrimp in a suitable place to breed as Exopalaemon carinicauda, be allowed to condition at and enclose natural propagation in the pool, the time of putting in a suitable place to breed is generally in early spring), perhaps put shrimp seedling (as Penaeus Vannmei, the time of putting in a suitable place to breed is generally in spring Mo) in a suitable place to breed.No matter be to put seed shrimp in a suitable place to breed in early spring, or put the shrimp seedling in a suitable place to breed in spring end, raise together with at shrimp, crab and shellfish and enclose the pool, generally need not specially consider the food supply of shrimp, because of the early stage young of the shrimp unicellular alga that ingests, constantly grow up along with growing, to turn to gradually later on swill after the zooplankton that ingests, pasture and water, crab class are ingested etc.
Mud crab is the main kind of supporting, so shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with the nuisanceless mud crab of aquaculture management technology Main Basis DB33/T 398.2-2003 (part 2: the cultural technique standard).In these technical regulation 5.2 water quality management parts, 5.2.2.1 changes water, and (water level keeps the 1m left and right, and megathermal period and hypothermic phase rise to 1.2m～1.5m.Neap is to add water as main, and general 3d～4d changes water once, changes water during spring tide as far as possible, day quantity of exchanged water 20%～30%, and high temperature season increases to 50%～70%, and sea area water quality is not good, but proper extension changes the water spacer time.Avoid pond salinity water amplitude of variation excessive before and after changing water, should be controlled in 3.), 5.2.2.2 regulates salinity and (after torrential rain or typhoon, should in time discharge low-gravity water in the pond, include the seawater of high specific weight in, avoid including in trend, tendency water.), it is the large cultural method of filling with of a kind of typical large row, this is also a kind of water quality management method very general in present China aquaculture process, be very easy to cause the eutrophication pollution of culturing area water body, and also be unfavorable for cultivating stable (water quality that changes to sometimes can not guarantee) of enclosing the pool ecosystem.(use aperiodically microorganism formulation and the natural water modifying agents such as photosynthetic bacteria, zeolite powder 5.2.2.3 improve water quality and substrate.3d before the crab kind enters the pond～7d is with the photosynthetic bacteria full pool spilling head 10mg/L of bacterial concentration greater than 1,000,000,000/ml, later on every 7d～10d 5mg/L that splashes.Zeolite powder is splashed during cultivating, every 15d～30d 100mg/L～150mg/L that splashes.), if do not analyze situation carelessly water transfer change the end, when increasing aquaculture cost, also be unfavorable for enclosing the structure of the good ecosystem in the pool.Only in the situation that the water quality overfertilization just use the water transfer such as photosynthetic bacteria, zeolite powder and change end agent, with in digestion, absorption, oxidize water and bed mud in too much organic substance.
Three, summary of the invention
Provide a kind of takes corresponding measure to reach the guiding shrimp, crab and shellfish to raise together with the aquaculture management method that the ecosystem enters eucyclic a kind of system by analyzing the different time sections shrimp, crab and shellfish relation between each factor of this ecosystem of raising together with thereby the object of the invention is to reduce the generation of aquaculture refuse in breeding process and discharging.
Technical scheme main points of the present invention have: after 1, seed is put in a suitable place to breed in early spring season, control growing in a large number of Enteromorpha by water transfer, the time that the delay Enteromorpha skims reduces the generation of Enteromorpha refuse to the end of spring and the beginning of summer, improves survival rate of seedlings, survival rate; 2, enter summer after, by change the end, water transfer reaches the purpose of not changing water, reduces the discharging of breeding wastewater, reduces incidence probability; 3, by admixing the B B-complex class or the EM preparation is fed in feed, improve food conversion ratio, reduce residual bait and excretion refuse amount, strengthen cultivated animals physique, improve survival rate.
The present invention can effectively reduce the waste that shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with matter and energy in the ecosystem, reduces waters eutrophication pollution around the culture zone, has overcome the large environmental pollution, the disease that the cause problem that takes place frequently of filling with of the blindness fertilising of traditional aquaculture management, large row.
Four, embodiment
after putting seedling early spring, because temperature is also lower, sometimes also can meet cold in the late spring, in water body, the unicellular alga reproduction speed is slow, this moment, general water colour was partially clear, transparency is higher, sunlight can directly be injected on beach face, very easily grow Enteromorpha on beach face, should not blindly apply fertilizer this moment, should be when water temperature can be stabilized in more than 10 ℃ substantially, in time introduce the new water that is rich in algae and (generally introduce 20 centimetres, after introducing algae water, can find out in the pool that water colour gets final product), (main component is NPKSi and various trace elements to use high-performance bio rich water element, interpolation is through the fertilizer of special fermentation, and be equipped with bio-active bacteria (fungi)), make the unicellular alga Fast-propagation, water transparence is reduced, sunlight can not direct projection enter beach face, just can effectively control Enteromorpha growing in a large number on beach face.
after putting seedling early spring, because water level on beach face is superficial, water temperature is subjected to go up fast sunshine, juvenile crab is how movable at beach face, if on beach face, growth has some Enteromorphas, the juvenile crab shell growth life of just can hiding in Enteromorpha, sometimes some Enteromorphas of also ingesting, as for the shellfish seedling of supporting on beach face, a small amount of Enteromorpha of growing on beach face can not produce too much influence to it, so, after the control Enteromorpha grows in a large number, needn't skim too early Enteromorpha, the time that skims Enteromorpha can be postponed till the end of spring and the beginning of summer, at this moment, rising along with temperature, juvenile crab grows up gradually, little by little migrate to ditch from beach face and live, and because water temperature is suitable, enclose the organic substance (residual bait and shrimp, crab and shellfish metabolic waste) that accumulates in the pool abundant, unicellular alga Fast-propagation in water, water transparency reduces, light can not direct projection enter beach face, Enteromorpha is just numerous life more naturally, like this, as long as in two or three weeks of the end of spring and the beginning of summer, Enteromorpha is twice or thrice skimmed work just passable.
enter summer, because temperature is suitable, add organic substance in upper storage reservoir (residual bait and shrimp, crab and shellfish metabolic waste) abundant, the unicellular alga amount reproduction, begin this moment, two subject matters that face are substrate overfertilization (the bed mud blackout are smelly), water quality overfertilization (transparency is too low), so just need to use every ten days or first quarter moon and once change end agent, change end agent mainly by absorption, oxidation, oxygenation, at the bottom of accelerating the pool, organic decomposition mineralising discharges the nutriment in a fertilizer in mud, the effects such as sterilization (some changes end agent and is added with allicin), base ring border, the pool is improved, control water transparency in the 30cm left and right, if transparency is too low, but application of water quality improving agent (as bacillus subtilis) is removed too much organic matter, if it is too high to meet transparency, water body is partially thin, can use biological rich water element Study on Fertilizing water quality.The coastal area is generally rainy summer, and after torrential rain or typhoon, the mode by salting solves the too low problem of salinity, calculates according to precipitation and uses salt amount, salt can not be sprinkled in ditch, can only be sprinkling upon on the beach face water surface.The high temperature in summer, also easily cause enclose pool coolant-temperature gage too high, the up and down water layer between the excessive temperature differentials problem, cause very easily thus the morbidity of cultivated animals, adopt and to flood as far as possible to take precautions against temperatures involved, open aerator noon at fine day and stirs water body about 1 hour with the problem of elimination fine day upper water temperature and lower layer of water temperature excessive temperature differentials.
Shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with, only give the crab bait throwing in, daily ration, feeding quantity is all generally to throw something and feed in proportion after weight estimation according to temperature, crab, in order to reduce residual bait and excretion refuse amount, minimizing water body automatic pollution is admixed the B B-complex class in feed or the EM preparation is fed, these things of admixing, food calling is generally arranged, promote digestion effect, can promote cultivated animals to ingest, improve feed conversion rate, and can strengthen cultivated animals physique.
Claims (4)
1. a seabeach is coated with and encloses the efficient aquaculture management method of low-carbon environment-friendly that pool shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with, it is characterized in that: reduce growing in a large number of Enteromorpha by efficient rich water method after seed is put in a suitable place to breed in early spring season, after entering summer by changing the end, water transfer, salting, open the aerator stabilizing water quality and reach the purpose of not changing water, while adds vitamins by feed in whole breeding process or the EM preparation is improved food conversion ratio, the guiding shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with the ecosystem and is entered benign cycle, reduce generation and the discharging of breeding pollution thing, make it really reach low-carbon (LC), the purpose of environmental protection, simultaneously, under traditional breeding density condition, improve survival rate of seedlings, survival rate, increase culture benefit.
2. seabeach as claimed in claim 1 is coated with and encloses the efficient aquaculture management method of low-carbon environment-friendly that pool shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with, it is characterized in that: after seed is put in a suitable place to breed in early spring season, when water temperature can be stabilized in more than 10 ℃ substantially, in time introduce the new water that is rich in algae and can find out water colour to the pool, use high-performance bio rich water element, make the unicellular alga Fast-propagation, water transparence is reduced, sunlight can not direct projection enter beach face, control growing in a large number of Enteromorpha, and postpone time that Enteromorpha skims to the end of spring and the beginning of summer, and reduce the generation of Enteromorpha refuse, improve survival rate of seedlings, survival rate.
3. seabeach as claimed in claim 1 is coated with and encloses the efficient aquaculture management method of low-carbon environment-friendly that pool shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with, it is characterized in that: after entering summer, use every ten days or first quarter moon and once change the end agent base ring border, the pool is improved, control water transparency in the 30cm left and right, if transparency is too low, the application of water quality improving agent is removed too much organic matter, if transparency is too high, water body is partially thin, use biological rich water element Study on Fertilizing water quality, mode by salting solves the too low problem of salinity that unbroken rainfall or heavy showers cause, calculate according to precipitation the salt amount of using, salt can not be sprinkled in ditch, can only be sprinkling upon on the beach face water surface, the employing method of flooding is taken precautions against the temperatures involved in summer, open aerator noon at fine day and stir water body about 1 hour to eliminate the problem of excessive temperature differentials between the water layer of fine day up and down, by above operation, reach the purpose of not changing water, reduce the discharging of breeding wastewater, reduce the incidence probability of cultivated animals.
4. seabeach as claimed in claim 1 is coated with and encloses the efficient aquaculture management method of low-carbon environment-friendly that pool shrimp, crab and shellfish is raised together with, it is characterized in that: in whole breeding process, admix the B B-complex class or the EM preparation is fed in feed, improve food conversion ratio, reduce residual bait and excretion refuse amount, strengthen cultivated animals physique, improve survival rate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102796690A CN101926301B (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2010-08-31 | Low-carbon, environmental-friendly and efficient culturing management method for poly-culture of shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea, mudflat and ponds |
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| CN2010102796690A CN101926301B (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2010-08-31 | Low-carbon, environmental-friendly and efficient culturing management method for poly-culture of shrimps, crabs and shellfish in sea, mudflat and ponds |
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| CN101926301A CN101926301A (en) | 2010-12-29 |
| CN101926301B true CN101926301B (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103907558B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-09-16 | 奉化市吉奇水产生态养殖场 | Marine shoal ecosystem herds breeding method |
| CN105325332A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-17 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Application of prawn nauplii in clearing of zooplankton in shellfish aquaculture pond |
| CN105994038B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-09-04 | 郭文祖 | A kind of seawater shrimps shellfish crab pond nonreactive green cultivation method |
| CN105961259A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 淮南市农康生态农业有限公司 | Ocean tide based sea crab breeding method adopting subgrade ecosystem |
| CN106305532A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 北海金不换水产贸易有限公司 | Method for mixed culture of shellfish and black-spot grass shrimps |
| CN111316942B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2022-05-10 | 滨州市海洋与渔业研究所 | Large-scale cultivation method for preventing and controlling invasion of foreign marine shellfish organisms |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1934936A (en) * | 2006-03-25 | 2007-03-28 | 冯小平 | Crab-clam polyculture method |
| CN101347106A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-01-21 | 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院 | Stereo fine cultivation technique of shrimp, crab and shellfish in sea water pond |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1934936A (en) * | 2006-03-25 | 2007-03-28 | 冯小平 | Crab-clam polyculture method |
| CN101347106A (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2009-01-21 | 宁波市海洋与渔业研究院 | Stereo fine cultivation technique of shrimp, crab and shellfish in sea water pond |
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