CN108901941B - Method for improving carbonate type saline-alkali soil by utilizing fish culture - Google Patents
Method for improving carbonate type saline-alkali soil by utilizing fish culture Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by using fish culture, which relates to a method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil. The invention aims to solve the problems of poor improvement effect and complex method in the existing carbonate type saline-alkali soil improvement method. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of averagely dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of saline-alkali soil units, building dams at the edges, digging ditches outside the dams, paving water collecting branch pipes and water collecting main pipes in a soil layer, and arranging water outlets of the water collecting main pipes in water collecting pools outside the saline-alkali soil; pasture or saline-alkali tolerant crops are planted in each saline-alkali soil unit, fish seeds are put in a breeding pond after the pond is selected, feed is fed, breeding management and water quality regulation are carried out, and pond water is used for irrigating and leaching soil. The invention integrates the water quality regulation, scientific oxygenation and scientific feeding of the biological flocs, realizes the restoration of the bottom mud of the pond, the consumption of the alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil, the improvement of the water quality environment of the pond and the reduction of the feed feeding in the culture process. The invention is suitable for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is mainly saline soil, alkaline earth and saline soil or alkaline soil with different degrees, the saline-alkali soil contains more saline-alkali components and has poor physicochemical properties, and most plants cannot grow normally on the surface of the saline-alkali soil. About 3600 kilohm of various saline-alkali soil exists in China2And the salinization area tends to expand year by year. The western parts of the Songxing plain, namely the western parts of Jilin province and Heilongjiang province, are one of five large distribution areas of saline-alkali soil in China, and are also the largest concentrated distribution areas of carbonate type saline-alkali soil, and the area of the distribution areas is up to 342 ten thousand hm2. The western areas of Jilin province and Heilongjiang province have reserve land resources for increasing the grain yield by billions of jin for the country, and are the key points of land development at present and in a period of time in the future.
The existing water conservancy improvement measures mainly comprise water conservancy improvement, physical and agricultural improvement, chemical and biological improvement and the like, and have large engineering scale, complicated operation, high investment cost and difficult maintenance of the improvement effect due to large engineering scale and complicated operation; methods such as improved crops or engineering modification planted in the existing physical and agricultural improvement measures are not easily matched with types, conditions and the like of saline-alkali soil; the existing chemical and biological improvement measures are realized by adding chemical substances or microorganisms, the added chemical substances or microorganisms and the like are required to be strictly matched with the types and conditions of the saline-alkali soil, and the problems of low improvement efficiency and poor improvement effect exist; the measures have the problems of low improvement efficiency, complex method, large engineering scale, high investment, operation and maintenance cost, poor improvement effect and the like in the application process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by using fish culture, aiming at solving the problems of poor improvement effect and complex method in the existing carbonate saline-alkali soil improvement method.
The method for improving the carbonate saline-alkali soil by utilizing fish culture is carried out according to the following steps:
setting of saline-alkali soil
Selecting a carbonate saline-alkali soil, averagely dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of saline-alkali soil units, building a dam at the edge of each saline-alkali soil unit, digging a ditch around the dam, laying a plurality of parallel water collecting branch pipes in the soil layer of each saline-alkali soil unit, laying a water collecting main pipe in the soil layer in the saline-alkali soil, connecting the water outlets of the water collecting branch pipes with the water collecting main pipe, and arranging the water outlets of the water collecting main pipe in a water collecting pool outside the saline-alkali soil; planting pasture, corn or soybean in each saline-alkali soil unit;
the area of each saline-alkali soil unit is 1-2 mu; the depth of the ditch is 60-80 cm, and the width of the ditch is 70-90 cm; the height of the dam is 30-50 cm, and the width of the dam is 70-90 cm; the distance between the adjacent water collecting branch pipes is 15-25 m; the water collecting branch pipe is arranged below the soil by 1.5-2.5 m; the depth of the main water collecting pipe is greater than that of the branch water collecting pipe; the depth of the main water collecting pipe is greater than that of the branch water collecting pipes, so that the permeated water can be conveniently collected into the main water collecting pipe;
second, pond selection
Selecting a pond with the same area as the carbonate type saline-alkali soil in the step one, arranging a bait casting machine in the pond, and disinfecting the pond by using bleaching powder 7-10 days before breeding the fingerlings; the using amount of the bleaching powder is 300-500 g/mu when the pond is disinfected; the water depth of the pond is 1.8-2.2 m;
thirdly, stocking the fingerlings
Culturing large scale barbel fry, chub fry and bighead carp fry in the pond in ten days of 5 months; the biomass ratio of the large-scale barbel fish, the silver carp and the bighead carp in the pond is (15-17): 2-4): 1;
the large-scale barbel fish fry is a small-size large-scale barbel fish fry or a large-size large-scale barbel fish fry; the stocking amount of the large-size large-scale barbel fry is 500-800 fish/mu; the stocking amount of small-size large-scale barbel fry is 8000-10000 fries/mu;
the weight of the large-size large-scale barbel fish fry is 300-500 g/tail, and the weight of the small-size large-scale barbel fish fry is 1-5 g/tail; the weight of the silver carp fries is 100-150 g/tail; the weight of the bighead carp fries is 100-150 g/tail;
wherein, when the large-scale barbel fish fries, the silver carp fries and the bighead carp fries are selected, the fries with regular specification, strong physique, complete body surface, no deformity, no disease, no injury and salt and alkali resistance are selected.
Fourthly, the feed is fed
Feeding the carp compound feed in the pond for 3 times every day, and stopping feeding when 70-80% of the carps leave each time;
fifth, cultivation management
Utilizing an aerator to aerate the water in the pond until the oxygen content is more than 5 mg/L;
the power of the aerator is 1 kw/mu; sprinkling insect-prevention medicines to the pond every 20-22 days; wherein, the parasitic diseases can be prevented by sprinkling the insect-proof medicines to the pond;
sixthly, water quality regulation and control
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in the pond is more than 0.5mg/L, adding molasses to the water in the pond until the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.5mg/L, and starting an aerator in the process of adding molasses; adding bacillus into the water of the pond every 20-22 days; the using amount of the bacillus is 300 g/mu; the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus powder is more than 100 ten thousand/mg;
the molasses addition amount A is according to formula A ═H×S×(30×CTAN-N-19)/1000, wherein A is the molasses addition amount in kg, H is the pond water depth in m, and S is the pond area in m2，CTAN-NThe initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the pond is mg/L;
seventhly, irrigating and leaching saline-alkali soil
Pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 20-25 days in 7 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 10-15 days in 8 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 30-9 months and 4 days in 8 months, wherein the water pumping amount is 30-40% of the total water amount of the pond each time, collecting seepage water to a water collecting branch pipe, a water collecting main pipe and a water collecting tank in sequence after soil irrigation and leaching, then pumping water in the water collecting tank back to the pond by using a water pump, and supplementing the lost water amount through underground water or river and lake water.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
firstly, irrigating and leaching soil in each saline-alkali soil unit by using pond water, arranging a water collecting branch pipe and a water collecting main pipe in a manner of burying a hidden pipe, and collecting high-saline-alkali water permeating after irrigating and leaching saline-alkali cultivated land, wherein the high-saline-alkali water permeating is used for pond ecological culture of saline-alkali tolerant fishes; leaching and irrigating the high saline-alkali soil again by the improved low-alkalinity and eutrophic water body obtained after the ecological culture of the pond; the method integrates the biological floc water quality regulation and control technology, the scientific oxygenation technology and the scientific feeding technology, realizes the restoration of pond bottom mud, the consumption of the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil, the improvement of pond water quality environment and the reduction of feed feeding in the culture process, enables the saline-alkali soil which cannot be cultivated or has poor cultivation effect to be developed and utilized efficiently, and further improves the ecological culture efficiency of the pond. In addition, the method only uses the bleaching powder before the culture in the pond, does not use any sterilization and disinfection medicines in the pond culture process, and has better water quality maintenance.
The biological floc water quality control technology of the invention means that microorganisms form hydrophobic cluster-shaped substances with strong adsorption capacity on organic matters, plankton, protozoa and the like by using suspended matters in a water body as flocculation cores. The size is between several micrometers and several millimeters, and the living organisms in the biological floccules account for 10-90%, so that the biological floccules have self-reproduction capability. Due to its high protein content, it is suitable for feeding omnivorous and filter-feeding fishes. On the basis of zero water change of the aquaculture water body, when the ammonia nitrogen content of the water body is high, molasses is artificially added to serve as a carbon source to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the water body, the mass propagation of heterotrophic bacteria in the water body is promoted, bacteria are used for assimilating inorganic nitrogen, harmful nitrogen sources such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water body are converted into mycoprotein, algae, protozoa, rotifers and organic matters in the water body are flocculated into granular substances through the bacteria, biological floccules are formed, and are finally ingested by the aquaculture animals, so that the effects of regulating and controlling water quality, promoting the cyclic reuse of nutrient substances, improving the survival rate of the aquaculture animals and reducing the feed feeding are achieved, and the mass propagation of the heterotrophic bacteria promotes the effective utilization of the excessive nutrient substances in the bottom mud of the pond, and the repair.
The biological floc technology of the invention has the following characteristics: 1. water is changed in the culture process, so that the aims of saving water and reducing emission can be fulfilled; 2. the ecological method is adopted to regulate and control the water quality, simultaneously prevent diseases, and achieve the purpose of green cultivation without using sterilization and disinfection antibiotic medicines during the cultivation period; 3. harmful nitrogen sources such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like in a water body are converted into edible mycoprotein of a fish body, so that the water quality is effectively improved, the utilization rate of feed is improved, and the aim of high-efficiency culture can be fulfilled;
the theoretical calculation formula of heterotrophic bacteria in the biological floc during the growth and propagation process by using organic carbon as an energy source and ammonia as a nitrogen source is as follows:
NH4 ++1.18C6H12O6+HCO3 -+2.06O2→C5H7O2N+6.06H2O+3.07CO2
according to the formula, 15.17g of carbohydrate, 3.57g of total alkalinity and 4.17g of dissolved oxygen are required to be consumed for assimilating 1g of ammoniacal nitrogen by heterotrophic bacteria; at the same time, 8.07g of heterotrophic bacterial cells and 9.65g of carbon dioxide were produced.
Thirdly, in a planting and breeding period, compared with a control land which is not treated by the method, the carbonate ion content of the saline-alkali soil is reduced by 88.6 percent; the content of bicarbonate ions is reduced by 48.7 percent; the total alkalinity is reduced by 81.3 percent; the total salinity is reduced by 11.1 percent; the pH value is reduced by 7.4%; the total nitrogen content is increased by 4.7 percent; the content of nitrate nitrogen is increased by 2.9 percent; the organic content increased by 1.5%. Meanwhile, the fertility of the saline-alkali soil is effectively increased, the aim of ecological restoration of the saline-alkali soil is fulfilled, and the unification of economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of saline-alkali soil in example 1; in the figure, 1 is a saline-alkali soil unit, 2 is a dam, 3 is a water collecting branch pipe, 4 is a water collecting main pipe, 5 is a water collecting tank, and 6 is a pond;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of soil depth-carbonate ion content in example 1, wherein A corresponds to a comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of the soil depth-bicarbonate ion content in example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of soil depth versus total alkalinity in example 1, wherein A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1;
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of soil depth versus total salinity for example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of soil depth versus pH for example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1;
FIG. 7 is a bar graph of soil depth versus total nitrogen content for example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1;
FIG. 8 is a bar graph of soil depth versus nitric nitrogen content in example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1;
fig. 9 is a bar graph of soil depth versus organic matter content in example 1, where a corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and any reasonable combination of the specific embodiments is included.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for improving the carbonate saline-alkali soil by utilizing fish culture in the embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
setting of saline-alkali soil
Selecting a carbonate saline-alkali soil, averagely dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of saline-alkali soil units, building a dam at the edge of each saline-alkali soil unit, digging a ditch around the dam, laying a plurality of parallel water collecting branch pipes in the soil layer of each saline-alkali soil unit, laying a water collecting main pipe in the soil layer in the saline-alkali soil, connecting the water outlets of the water collecting branch pipes with the water collecting main pipe, and arranging the water outlets of the water collecting main pipe in a water collecting pool outside the saline-alkali soil; planting pasture, corn or soybean in each saline-alkali soil unit;
the depth of the main water collecting pipe is greater than that of the branch water collecting pipe; the area of each saline-alkali soil unit is 1-2 mu; the water collecting branch pipe is arranged below the soil by 1.5-2.5 m;
second, pond selection
Selecting a pond with the same area as the carbonate type saline-alkali soil in the step one, arranging a bait casting machine in the pond, and disinfecting the pond by using bleaching powder 7-10 days before breeding the fingerlings;
thirdly, stocking the fingerlings
Culturing large scale barbel fry, chub fry and bighead carp fry in the pond in ten days of 5 months; the biomass ratio of the large-scale barbel fish, the silver carp and the bighead carp in the pond is (15-17): 2-4): 1;
the large-scale barbel fish fry is a small-size large-scale barbel fish fry or a large-size large-scale barbel fish fry; the stocking amount of the large-size large-scale barbel fry is 500-800 fish/mu; the stocking amount of small-size large-scale barbel fry is 8000-10000 fries/mu;
fourthly, the feed is fed
Feeding the carp compound feed in the pond for 3 times every day, and stopping feeding when 70-80% of the carps leave each time;
fifth, cultivation management
Utilizing an aerator to aerate the water in the pond until the oxygen content is more than 5 mg/L;
sixthly, water quality regulation and control
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in the pond is more than 0.5mg/L, adding molasses to the water in the pond until the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.5mg/L, and starting an aerator in the process of adding molasses; adding bacillus into the water of the pond every 20-22 days;
seventhly, irrigating and leaching saline-alkali soil
Pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 20-25 days in 7 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 10-15 days in 8 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 30-9 months and 4 days in 8 months, wherein the water pumping amount is 30-40% of the total water amount of the pond each time, collecting seepage water to a water collecting branch pipe, a water collecting main pipe and a water collecting tank in sequence after soil irrigation and leaching, then pumping water in the water collecting tank back to the pond by using a water pump, and supplementing the lost water amount through underground water or river and lake water.
The principle and the beneficial effects of the implementation mode are as follows:
firstly, irrigating and leaching soil in each saline-alkali soil unit by using pond water, arranging a water collecting branch pipe and a water collecting main pipe in a manner of burying a hidden pipe, and collecting high-saline-alkali water permeating after irrigating and leaching saline-alkali cultivated land, wherein the high-saline-alkali water permeating is used for pond ecological culture of saline-alkali tolerant fishes; leaching and irrigating the high saline-alkali soil again by the improved low-alkalinity and eutrophic water body obtained after the ecological culture of the pond; the method of the embodiment integrates the biological floc water quality control technology, the scientific oxygenation technology and the scientific feeding technology, realizes the restoration of the bottom mud of the pond, the consumption of the alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil, the improvement of the water quality environment of the pond and the reduction of the feed feeding in the culture process, enables the saline-alkali soil which cannot be cultivated or has poor cultivation effect to be developed and utilized efficiently, and further improves the ecological culture efficiency of the pond. In addition, the method of the embodiment only uses the bleaching powder before the culture in the pond, and does not use any sterilization and disinfection medicines in the pond culture process, so that the water quality is kept well.
Second, the biological floc water quality control technology of the present embodiment means that the microorganisms form hydrophobic clusters having strong adsorption capacity to organic matter, plankton, protozoa, etc. by using suspended matter in the water as "flocculation nuclei". The size is between several micrometers and several millimeters, and the living organisms in the biological floccules account for 10-90%, so that the biological floccules have self-reproduction capability. Due to its high protein content, it is suitable for feeding omnivorous and filter-feeding fishes. On the basis of zero water change of the aquaculture water body, when the ammonia nitrogen content of the water body is high, molasses is artificially added to serve as a carbon source to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the water body, the mass propagation of heterotrophic bacteria in the water body is promoted, bacteria are used for assimilating inorganic nitrogen, harmful nitrogen sources such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water body are converted into mycoprotein, algae, protozoa, rotifers and organic matters in the water body are flocculated into granular substances through the bacteria, biological floccules are formed, and are finally ingested by the aquaculture animals, so that the effects of regulating and controlling water quality, promoting the cyclic reuse of nutrient substances, improving the survival rate of the aquaculture animals and reducing the feed feeding are achieved, and the mass propagation of the heterotrophic bacteria promotes the effective utilization of the excessive nutrient substances in the bottom mud of the pond, and the repair.
The biological floc technology of the embodiment has the following characteristics: 1. water is changed in the culture process, so that the aims of saving water and reducing emission can be fulfilled; 2. the ecological method is adopted to regulate and control the water quality, simultaneously prevent diseases, and achieve the purpose of green cultivation without using sterilization and disinfection antibiotic medicines during the cultivation period; 3. harmful nitrogen sources such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like in a water body are converted into edible mycoprotein of a fish body, so that the water quality is effectively improved, the utilization rate of feed is improved, and the aim of high-efficiency culture can be fulfilled;
the theoretical calculation formula of heterotrophic bacteria in the biological floc during the growth and propagation process by using organic carbon as an energy source and ammonia as a nitrogen source is as follows:
NH4 ++1.18C6H12O6+HCO3 -+2.06O2→C5H7O2N+6.06H2O+3.07CO2
according to the formula, 15.17g of carbohydrate, 3.57g of total alkalinity and 4.17g of dissolved oxygen are required to be consumed for assimilating 1g of ammoniacal nitrogen by heterotrophic bacteria; at the same time, 8.07g of heterotrophic bacterial cells and 9.65g of carbon dioxide were produced.
Thirdly, in a planting and breeding period, compared with a control land which is not treated by the method, the carbonate ion content of the saline-alkali soil is reduced by 88.6 percent; the content of bicarbonate ions is reduced by 48.7 percent; the total alkalinity is reduced by 81.3 percent; the total salinity is reduced by 11.1 percent; the pH value is reduced by 7.4%; the total nitrogen content is increased by 4.7 percent; the content of nitrate nitrogen is increased by 2.9 percent; the organic content increased by 1.5%. Meanwhile, the fertility of the saline-alkali soil is effectively increased, the aim of ecological restoration of the saline-alkali soil is fulfilled, and the unification of economic benefit, ecological benefit and social benefit is realized.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: in the first step, the depth of the trench is 60-80 cm, and the width is 70-90 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: step one, the height of the dam is 30-50 cm, and the width of the dam is 70-90 cm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: in the first step, the distance between the adjacent water collecting branch pipes is 15-25 m. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and step two, the dosage of the bleaching essence is 300-500 g/mu when the pond is disinfected. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and step two, the depth of water in the pond is 1.8-2.2 m. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: thirdly, the weight of the large-size large-scale barbel fish fry is 300-500 g/tail, and the weight of the small-size large-scale barbel fish fry is 1-5 g/tail; the weight of the silver carp fries is 100-150 g/tail; the weight of the bighead carp fries is 100-150 g/tail. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and step six, the using amount of the bacillus is 300 g/mu. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the eighth embodiment is different from the eighth embodiment in that: and sixthly, the number of the live bacteria in the bacillus powder is more than 100 ten thousand/mg. The other steps and parameters are the same as in embodiment eight.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: step six the molasses addition amount A is according to formula A ═ H × S × (30 × C)TAN-N-19)/1000, wherein A is the molasses addition amount in kg, H is the pond water depth in m, and S is the pond area in m2，CTAN-NThe initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the pond is in mg/L. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The beneficial effects of the invention are verified by adopting the following experiments:
example 1:
referring to fig. 1, this embodiment illustrates a method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to the following steps:
setting of saline-alkali soil
Selecting a carbonate saline-alkali soil, averagely dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of saline-alkali soil units, building a dam at the edge of each saline-alkali soil unit, digging a ditch around the dam, laying a plurality of parallel water collecting branch pipes in the soil layer of each saline-alkali soil unit, laying a water collecting main pipe in the soil layer in the saline-alkali soil, connecting the water outlets of the water collecting branch pipes with the water collecting main pipe, and arranging the water outlets of the water collecting main pipe in a water collecting pool outside the saline-alkali soil; planting pasture in each saline-alkali soil unit;
the area of each saline-alkali soil unit is 1 mu; the depth of the ditch is 70cm, and the width of the ditch is 80 cm; the height of the dam is 40cm, and the width of the dam is 80 cm; the distance between the adjacent water collecting branch pipes is 20 m; the water collecting branch pipe is arranged 2m below the soil; the depth of the main water collecting pipe is greater than that of the branch water collecting pipe; the depth of the main water collecting pipe is greater than that of the branch water collecting pipes, so that the permeated water can be conveniently collected into the main water collecting pipe;
second, pond selection
Selecting a pond with the same area as the carbonate type saline-alkali soil in the step one, arranging a bait casting machine in the pond, and disinfecting the pond by using bleaching powder 7-10 days before breeding the fingerlings; the dosage of the bleaching essence is 300 g/mu when the pond is disinfected; the water depth of the pond is 1.8 m;
thirdly, stocking the fingerlings
Culturing large scale barbel fry, chub fry and bighead carp fry in the pond in ten days of 5 months; the biomass ratio of the large-scale barbel fish, the silver carp and the bighead carp in the pond is 16:3: 1;
the large-scale barbel fish fry is a small-size large-scale barbel fish fry; the stocking amount of the small-size large-scale barbel fry is 8300 fish/mu; the weight of the small-size large-scale barbel fry is 5 g/tail; the weight of the chub fries is 100 g/tail; the weight of the bighead carp fries is 100 g/tail;
wherein, when the large-scale barbel fish fries, the silver carp fries and the bighead carp fries are selected, the fries with regular specification, strong physique, complete body surface, no deformity, no disease, no injury and salt and alkali resistance are selected.
Fourthly, the feed is fed
Feeding the carp compound feed in the pond for 3 times a day, and stopping feeding when 80% of the carps leave each time;
fifth, cultivation management
Utilizing an aerator to aerate the water in the pond until the oxygen content is 5 mg/L;
the power of the aerator is 1 kw/mu; sprinkling insect-proof medicines to the pond every 20 days;
sixthly, water quality regulation and control
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in the pond is more than 0.5mg/L, adding molasses to the water in the pond until the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.5mg/L, and starting an aerator in the process of adding molasses; adding bacillus to the water in the pond every 20 days; the using amount of the bacillus is 300 g/mu; the number of viable bacteria in the bacillus powder is more than 100 ten thousand/mg;
the molasses addition amount A is according to formula A ═ H × S × (30 × C)TAN-N-19)/1000, wherein A is the molasses addition amount in kg, H is the pond water depth in m, and S is the pond area in m2，CTAN-NThe initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the pond is mg/L;
seventhly, irrigating and leaching saline-alkali soil
Pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 20-25 days in 7 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 10-15 days in 8 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 30-9 months and 4 days in 8 months, wherein the water pumping amount is 30-40% of the total water amount of the pond each time, collecting seepage water to a water collecting branch pipe, a water collecting main pipe and a water collecting tank in sequence after soil irrigation and leaching, then pumping water in the water collecting tank back to the pond by using a water pump, and supplementing the lost water amount through underground water or river and lake water. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of saline-alkali soil in example 1; in the figure, 1 is a saline-alkali soil unit, 2 is a dam, 3 is a water collecting branch pipe, 4 is a water collecting main pipe, 5 is a water collecting tank, and 6 is a pond;
when the seedlings are put into the pond in the last ten days of 5 months, the initial time of the culture period is set to be 140d, and the growth performance and the yield of the large-scale barbel in the pond after one culture period are shown in the table 1; after the cultivation in a cultivation period, the final weight of the sinocyclocheilus grahami reaches 102.5g, the acre yield reaches 849.7 kg/mu, the feed coefficient is 1.32, and the survival rate almost reaches 100%;
TABLE 1 growth Performance and yield of Barbus capito
Comparative experiment:
selecting adjacent saline-alkali soil with the same area as that of the saline-alkali soil in the embodiment 1, planting pasture, and performing a comparison experiment; respectively testing the content of carbonate ions, the content of bicarbonate ions, the total alkalinity, the total salinity, the pH value, the total nitrogen content, the nitrate nitrogen content and the organic matter content in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in the embodiment 1 and the comparative experiment after one cultivation period (140 d); the test results are shown in FIGS. 2 to 9;
FIG. 2 is a bar graph of soil depth-carbonate ion content in example 1, wherein A corresponds to a comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the content of carbonate ions in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is obviously lower than that of the comparative experiment, and the average content of carbonate ions in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is reduced by 88.6% compared with that of the comparative experiment;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of the soil depth-bicarbonate ion content in example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from FIG. 3, the bicarbonate ion content in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is obviously lower than that in the comparative experiment, and the average bicarbonate ion content in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is reduced by 48.7% compared with that in the comparative experiment;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of soil depth versus total alkalinity in example 1, wherein A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from FIG. 4, the total alkalinity in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is obviously lower than that in the comparative experiment, and the average total alkalinity in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is reduced by 81.3% compared with that in the comparative experiment;
FIG. 5 is a bar graph of soil depth versus total salinity for example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from FIG. 5, the total salinity of the soil in each layer of the example 1 and the comparative experiment fluctuates to different degrees, and the average total salinity in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in the example 1 is reduced by 11.1% compared with that in the comparative experiment;
FIG. 6 is a bar graph of soil depth versus pH for example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from FIG. 6, the pH values of the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 are all lower than those of the comparative experiment, and the pH values of the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 are reduced by 7.4% compared with those of the comparative experiment;
FIG. 7 is a bar graph of soil depth versus total nitrogen content for example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from FIG. 7, the total nitrogen content of each layer of soil in example 1 and the comparative experiment fluctuates to different degrees, and the total nitrogen content of the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is increased by 4.7% compared with the comparative experiment;
FIG. 8 is a bar graph of soil depth versus nitric nitrogen content in example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from FIG. 8, the nitrate nitrogen content of each layer of soil in example 1 and the comparative experiment fluctuates to different degrees, and the nitrate nitrogen content of the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is increased by 2.9% compared with the comparative experiment;
FIG. 9 is a bar graph of soil depth versus organic matter content for example 1, where A corresponds to the comparative experiment and B corresponds to example 1; as can be seen from fig. 9, the organic matter content of each layer of soil in example 1 and the comparative experiment fluctuates to different degrees, and the organic matter content of the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm in example 1 is increased by 1.5% compared with the comparative experiment.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by utilizing fish culture is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
setting of saline-alkali soil
Selecting a carbonate saline-alkali soil, averagely dividing the saline-alkali soil into a plurality of saline-alkali soil units, building a dam at the edge of each saline-alkali soil unit, digging a ditch around the dam, laying a plurality of parallel water collecting branch pipes in the soil layer of each saline-alkali soil unit, laying a water collecting main pipe in the soil layer in the saline-alkali soil, connecting the water outlets of the water collecting branch pipes with the water collecting main pipe, and arranging the water outlets of the water collecting main pipe in a water collecting pool outside the saline-alkali soil; planting pasture, corn or soybean in each saline-alkali soil unit;
the depth of the main water collecting pipe is greater than that of the branch water collecting pipe; the area of each saline-alkali soil unit is 1-2 mu; the water collecting branch pipe is arranged below the soil by 1.5-2.5 m;
second, pond selection
Selecting a pond with the same area as the carbonate type saline-alkali soil in the step one, arranging a bait casting machine in the pond, and disinfecting the pond by using bleaching powder 7-10 days before breeding the fingerlings;
thirdly, stocking the fingerlings
Culturing large scale barbel fry, chub fry and bighead carp fry in the pond in ten days of 5 months; the biomass ratio of the large-scale barbel fish, the silver carp and the bighead carp in the pond is (15-17): 2-4): 1;
the large-scale barbel fish fry is a small-size large-scale barbel fish fry or a large-size large-scale barbel fish fry; the stocking amount of the large-size large-scale barbel fry is 500-800 fish/mu; the stocking amount of small-size large-scale barbel fry is 8000-10000 fries/mu;
fourthly, the feed is fed
Feeding the carp compound feed in the pond for 3 times every day, and stopping feeding when 70-80% of the carps leave each time;
fifth, cultivation management
Utilizing an aerator to aerate the water in the pond until the oxygen content is more than 5 mg/L;
sixthly, water quality regulation and control
When the total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water in the pond is more than 0.5mg/L, adding molasses to the water in the pond until the ammonia nitrogen concentration is less than 0.5mg/L, and starting an aerator in the process of adding molasses; adding bacillus into the water of the pond every 20-22 days;
seventhly, irrigating and leaching saline-alkali soil
Pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 20-25 days in 7 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 10-15 days in 8 months, pumping the pond water conservancy water pump into each saline-alkali soil unit for soil irrigation and leaching once in 30-9 months and 4 days in 8 months, wherein the water pumping amount is 30-40% of the total water amount of the pond each time, collecting seepage water to a water collecting branch pipe, a water collecting main pipe and a water collecting tank in sequence after soil irrigation and leaching, then pumping water in the water collecting tank back to the pond by using a water pump, and supplementing the lost water amount through underground water or river and lake water.
2. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the depth of the trench is 60-80 cm, and the width is 70-90 cm.
3. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: step one, the height of the dam is 30-50 cm, and the width of the dam is 70-90 cm.
4. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the distance between the adjacent water collecting branch pipes is 15-25 m.
5. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: and step two, the dosage of the bleaching essence is 300-500 g/mu when the pond is disinfected.
6. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: and step two, the depth of water in the pond is 1.8-2.2 m.
7. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: thirdly, the weight of the large-size large-scale barbel fish fry is 300-500 g/tail, and the weight of the small-size large-scale barbel fish fry is 1-5 g/tail; the weight of the silver carp fries is 100-150 g/tail; the weight of the bighead carp fries is 100-150 g/tail.
8. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: and step six, the using amount of the bacillus is 300 g/mu.
9. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: and sixthly, the number of the live bacteria in the bacillus powder is more than 100 ten thousand/mg.
10. The method for improving carbonate saline-alkali soil by fish farming according to claim 1, wherein: step six the molasses addition amount A is according to formula A ═ H × S × (30 × C)TAN-N-19)/1000, wherein A is the molasses addition amount in kg, H is the pond water depth in m, and S is the pond area in m2，CTAN-NThe initial total ammonia nitrogen concentration of the pond is in mg/L.
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