CN111718076A - Method for treating small water eutrophication in hilly areas - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating small water eutrophication in hilly areas, which comprises the following steps: 1) banning pollution sources within 0.05-0.1 km of the periphery of the water body, and arranging plant isolation belts within 0.01-0.02 km of the periphery of the water body; 2) improving bottom mud, and killing protogenic algae; 3) cultivating advantageous alga dominant population, and putting in micro-ecological preparation regularly; 4) building a submerged plant planting platform; 5) throwing filter-feeding fishes, small native fishes and carnivorous fishes; 6) breeding the benthonic animals; 7) arranging oxygen increasing or aerating equipment; 8) constructing emergent aquatic plant communities in shallow water areas; 9) constructing evergreen plants in a water body falling area; 10) harvesting aquatic plants and fishing fishes. The invention solves the problem of environmental pollution of water areas in hilly areas, promotes sustainable development of water environment, is suitable for eutrophication treatment of fresh water bodies in lakes, reservoir branches and cities, has wide application range and has practical popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating small water eutrophication in hilly areas, belonging to the field of water treatment.
Background
With the global economic development and the continuous population growth, the water environment is increasingly stressed. The high-speed industrialization and urbanization for decades also make China face a serious challenge of water pollution. In recent years, China has conducted a great deal of exploration on the treatment of water environment, a series of effective experiences are accumulated in the long-term treatment process, and some optimization models and solving technologies are applied and proposed, such as Tuo river water quality planning, Shanghai Huangpu river water pollution comprehensive treatment, Dandong Du Lu river water pollution system planning, Yangtze river Wuhan river section pollution prevention and control planning research, Huai river basin water resource protection planning and the like.
At present, the functions of reservoir bearing in hilly areas are mainly flood control and irrigation, most of water sources rely on natural rain collection, no specific other water sources are used for effectively supplementing water bodies of the reservoir, the phenomenon of reservoir drying is rarely caused since the reservoir is built, and due to long-term unreasonable production activities (such as agricultural non-point source pollution, rich water culture, domestic wastewater and the like) of people, a large amount of nutrient salts are deposited in the reservoir, the water bodies of the reservoir are often subjected to blue-green algae outbreak, fish death and blackening and smelling, and the production and life of local people are seriously influenced. How to treat the eutrophication of small water bodies mainly comprises a physical chemical method (water is changed by water diversion, sludge is dredged, and physical precipitation is promoted by a coagulant), an ecological method (artificial wetland is established, an ecological floating bed is arranged in a reservoir), a biological method (fish and micro-ecological preparations are put in), and the like.
The reservoir in hilly areas has different shapes, different water level depths, complex topography and features, difficult water drainage and dredging and frequent influence by human production activities, so that the water body is treated under the condition of selecting the above method and neglecting to consider the water body as a finished ecological system, an ideal effect is difficult to obtain, and the problems of rebound and aggravation of reservoir water quality treatment, poor stability, unsustainability and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for treating the eutrophication of small water bodies in hilly areas, which comprises the following steps:
1) banning pollution sources within 0.05-0.1 km of the periphery of the water body, and arranging plant isolation belts within 0.01-0.02 km of the periphery of the water body;
2) improving bottom mud, and killing protogenic algae;
3) cultivating advantageous alga dominant population, and putting in micro-ecological preparation regularly;
4) planting submerged plants in the deep water area, breeding shellfish animals, and planting the submerged plants in the shallow water area;
5) putting filter-feeding fishes, native fishes and carnivorous fishes;
6) breeding the benthonic animals;
7) arranging oxygen increasing or aerating equipment;
8) constructing emergent aquatic plant communities in shallow water areas;
9) constructing evergreen plants in a water body falling area;
10) harvesting aquatic plants and fishing fishes.
Further, the pollution source in the step 1) is aquatic pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution and/or industrial pollution in the water body. Further, the method for improving the bottom mud in the step 2) comprises the following steps: 3-5 kg of a mixture of modified clay minerals and quicklime is thrown into the water surface per mu; the mass ratio of the modified clay mineral to the quick lime is 1: 1.
further, the method for killing the protozoic algae in the step 2) comprises the following steps: controlling and killing the primary algae for 2-3 times by using the algicide every 2-3 days for 1-2 weeks; the protozote is blue algae and/or euglena.
Further, the method for cultivating the dominant population of beneficial algae in the step 3) comprises the step of putting 1 × 10 for at least 2 times per month into the water body after killing the protozoic algae7～1×108More than one per liter of algae are thrown for 1 time every 5 to 7 days, 300 to 800 ml/mu.m is thrown for each time, and preferably 1 × 10 is thrown for at least 2 times per month into the water body7Throwing more than one alga seeds per L for 1 time every 7 days, and throwing 500ml per mu per meter each time; the algae species are chlorella and/or oocyst algae.
Further, the regular feeding of the microecologics in the step 3) is to feed the microecologics for 1 time every 8-10 days, and preferably to feed the microecologics for 1 time every 10 days; the microbial ecological agent is a bacillus solid agent, a photosynthetic bacteria and/or a nitrobacteria liquid agent, wherein the bacillus solid agent is put in 200-250 g/mu.m every time, and the photosynthetic bacteria and the nitrobacteria liquid agent is put in 0.5-1L/mu.m every time.
Further, 6000-80000 seedlings of submerged plant/bud are planted in each 1 mu of the deep water area in the step 4), and 12000-15000 seedlings of submerged plant/bud are planted in each 1 mu of the shallow water area.
Further, the density of the fish thrown in the step 5) is 150-; the proportion of filter-feeding fishes, native fishes and carnivorous fishes is 90-100: 1-4: 2-5, preferably 95: 2: 3; the filter feeding fish is silver carp, bighead carp and/or duck bill; the carnivorous fish is snakehead, silurus meridionalis, culter alburnus, weever and/or mandarin fish; the native fishes are native fishes in the local.
Furthermore, the filter-feeding fishes are silver carp and bighead carp with the mantissa ratio of 8: 2.
Further, the density of the benthonic animals bred in the step 6) is 80-100 jin/mu; the benthonic animals are freshwater mussels, snails, corbicula fluminea, freshwater shrimps and/or macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Furthermore, the freshwater mussels and the snails in the benthonic animals account for 90-98% of the total feeding amount, wherein the weight ratio of the freshwater mussels to the snails is 8:2, preferably, the content of the freshwater mussels and the snails in the benthonic animals accounts for 95 percent of the total feeding amount.
Further, the method for setting the oxygen increasing or aerating device in the step 7) comprises the following steps: 0.75KW of oxygen increasing or aerating equipment is arranged on the water surface per 10 mu; the oxygenation equipment is a water-spraying type aerator, a waterwheel type aerator or a surging type aerator; the aeration equipment is a submersible aerator.
Further, the method for constructing the emergent aquatic plant community in the shallow water zone in the step 8) comprises the following steps: building a retaining dam by using local materials, planting emergent aquatic plants, and watering every 1-2 days; the emergent aquatic plants include, but are not limited to, reed, pinwheel, canna, thaliana, calamus, ornamental lotus root, Siberian iris, and loosestrife.
Further, the method for constructing evergreen plants in the water body falling area in the step 9) comprises the following steps: planting herbaceous or floating-leaf plants adapting to extreme environments in a water body falling area by adopting an ecological floating bed module splicing mode, and watering every 1-2 days; such herbs include, but are not limited to, verbena, bermudagrass; the floating-leaf plants include but are not limited to Aleurites fordii and Thiophyta.
Further, the method for harvesting the aquatic plants in the step 10) comprises the following steps: harvesting aquatic plants every 30-45 days; the method for fishing the fishes comprises the following steps: fishing the filter-feeding fishes every 60-90 days, and simultaneously feeding the filter-feeding fishes with the same fishing quantity.
The term "aquatic pollution" as used herein refers to the production input of aquaculture: the loss of baits, fishery drugs and fertilizers, and the water body pollution caused by the excrement, residual baits and dead bodies of the cultured organisms.
The agricultural non-point source pollution refers to dissolved or solid pollutants in rural life and agricultural production activities: soil particles, nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticide heavy metals, rural livestock manure, domestic garbage and other organic or inorganic substances.
The modified clay mineral is clay which is subjected to physical modification, chemical modification or mechanochemical modification.
The term "emergent aquatic plant" as used herein means that the root and rhizome of the plant grow in the bottom sediment of water, and the stem and leaf emerge from the water surface, wherein the part growing in the air has the characteristics of a terrestrial plant, and the part growing in the water (root or underground stem) has the characteristics of an aquatic plant.
The invention refers to a section of area where the water level of the water body is seasonally fluctuated to cause the peripheral submerged land to periodically expose on the water surface.
The submerged plant is a large aquatic plant with all plant bodies located below the water layer and living in a nutrient and sessile manner.
The water eutrophication treatment method solves the problem of environmental pollution of water areas in hilly areas, improves living environment of people and promotes sustainable development of water environment. The method is not only suitable for the eutrophication treatment of small water bodies in hilly areas, but also suitable for the eutrophication treatment of fresh water bodies in lakes, reservoir branches and cities, has wide application range and has practical popularization and application values.
Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 schematic view of the arrangement of the device modules
FIG. 2 is a combined device for planting and cultivating submerged plants and mussels
FIG. 3 ecological floating bed module
Detailed Description
The raw materials and equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention are known products and obtained by purchasing commercially available products.
Example 1 Small water eutrophication treatment in hilly areas of the present invention
1) Aquatic products, agricultural non-point source pollution and industrial pollution within 0.05-0.1 km around the water body are banned, and a plant isolation belt is arranged within 0.01-0.02 km around the water body;
2) improved bottom mud and original algae killing
The method is characterized in that small water bodies in hilly areas are mostly not desilted for a long time after being built, in addition, accumulation of inflow of waste water fish culture, waterfowl culture, domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution is carried out all the year round, bottom sludge sediments are mostly organic matters, and sludge is treated by using a mixture of modified clay minerals and quick lime to change the permeability of the bottom sludge and control of phosphorus. The ratio of the modified clay minerals to the quicklime is 1:1, and the using amount is 3-5 kg of the modified clay minerals put on the water surface per mu;
controlling and killing algae (blue algae and euglena) by using a special algicide on the market, wherein the using amount refers to an instruction, the using method adopts step-type control and killing, the algicide is applied for 3 times every 2 days and lasts for 1 week;
3) cultivating advantageous alga dominant population, and putting in micro-ecological preparation regularly; (ii) a
After killing the protogenic algae, the protogenic algae is thrown into the water body for at least 2 times per month, and the content of the protogenic algae is 1 × 107Feeding more than one algae (chlorella) per liter for 1 time every 7 days, wherein each time, the algae (chlorella) is fed with 500ml per mu per meter; meanwhile, putting beneficial microorganisms (bacillus) for 1 time every 10 days, and putting 200-250 g/mu.m every time;
4) building a submerged plant planting platform in the deep water area, planting submerged plants (6000-8000 submerged plant seedlings/bud per 1 mu), and breeding shellfish; planting submerged plants (12000-15000 seedlings of submerged plants per bud are planted per 1 mu) in the shallow water area;
the specific construction method comprises the following steps: connecting two banks with steel wires or ropes above the water surface of the deep water area, and suspending the aquatic plant device on the steel wires or ropes, wherein the aquatic plant device is adjusted to the immersed depth by the buckles of the aquatic plant device. (FIG. 1)
The aquatic plant planting device is formed by connecting an aquatic plant planting net and a freshwater mussel hanging net in series (figure 2), wherein the aquatic plant planting net is cylindrical and is of a net structure made of a metal ring, the diameter of the aquatic plant planting net is 40-50 cm, the height of the aquatic plant planting net is 30cm, a layer of biological cotton, filter cotton or activated carbon fiber cotton is padded at the bottom of the aquatic plant planting net, submerged aquatic plants are planted in the aquatic plant planting net, and the freshwater mussel hanging net is a rectangular net made of a plastic polymer material and is hung below the aquatic plant planting net.
5) The method comprises the following steps of putting 150-200 fishes/mu of filter feeding fishes (silver carps, bighead carps and/or duck bills) with the specification of 250-400 grams, and putting the filter feeding fishes and the carnivorous fishes (snakeheads, silurus meridionalis, culter alburnus, weever perches and/or mandarin fishes), wherein the proportion of the filter feeding fishes, the small-sized native fishes and the carnivorous fishes in the fishes is 95: 2: 3;
6) stocking benthonic animals such as freshwater mussels, snails, corbicula fluminea, freshwater shrimps and macrobrachium rosenbergii with the density of 80-100 jin/mu, wherein the stocking ratio of the freshwater mussels to the snails in the benthonic animals is 8:2, and the benthonic animals account for 95% of the stocking amount of the whole benthonic animals;
7) setting 0.75KW aeration equipment such as a water-spraying type aerator, a waterwheel type aerator or a surge type aerator or aeration equipment such as a submersible aerator on the water surface of each 10 mu;
8) constructing emergent aquatic plant communities in shallow water areas;
building a simple retaining dam by using local materials, ensuring the survival of emergent aquatic plants (reed, pinwheel grass, canna, thaliana, calamus, ornamental lotus root, Siberian iris and celandine) in a dry period, performing manual maintenance, and watering every 1-2 days;
9) construction of evergreen plants in hydro-fluctuation area of reservoir
Adopting an ecological floating bed module splicing mode (the ecological floating bed module is a rectangular frame which is made of PVC pipes and knotless net sheets and has the length of 3.6 meters and the width of 1 meter, and is spliced and fixed by ropes along the edge of a reservoir, or directly selecting the ropes, the knotless net sheets and floating balls or foam, and using bamboo poles or wood bars to support and fix along the edge of the reservoir, specifically referring to figures 1 and 3), planting herbaceous plants such as verbena, bermuda grass and the like or leafy plants such as cupressure grass and foxtail algae which have better environmental adaptability of extreme environment such as drought resistance, waterlogging resistance and the like in a water-falling area of a reservoir, carrying out manual maintenance, watering every 1-2 days, and ensuring survival;
10) aquatic plant harvesting and fish fishing
Harvesting the aquatic plants every 30-45 days, fishing the filter-feeding fishes every 60-90 days, and simultaneously feeding the filter-feeding fishes with the same quantity.
Example 2 Small water eutrophication treatment in hilly areas of the present invention
1) Aquatic products, agricultural non-point source pollution and industrial pollution within 0.05-0.1 km around the water body are banned, and a plant isolation belt is arranged within 0.01-0.02 km around the water body;
2) improved bottom mud and original algae killing
The method is characterized in that small water bodies in hilly areas are mostly not desilted for a long time after being built, in addition, accumulation of inflow of waste water fish culture, waterfowl culture, domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution is carried out all the year round, bottom sludge sediments are mostly organic matters, and sludge is treated by using a mixture of modified clay minerals and quick lime to change the permeability of the bottom sludge and control of phosphorus. The ratio of the modified clay minerals to the quicklime is 1:1, and the using amount is 3-5 kg of the modified clay minerals put on the water surface per mu;
controlling and killing algae (blue algae and euglena) by using a special algicide on the market, wherein the using amount refers to an instruction, the using method adopts step-type control and killing, and the algicide is applied for 2 times every 3 days and lasts for 1 week;
3) cultivating advantageous alga dominant population, and putting in micro-ecological preparation regularly;
after killing the protogenic algae, the protogenic algae is thrown into the water body for at least 2 times per month, and the content of the protogenic algae is 1 × 107Putting more than one oocyst per liter of oocyst algae for 1 time every 7 days, and putting 500ml per mu per meter each time;
meanwhile, 1 time of putting beneficial microorganisms (photosynthetic bacteria and nitrobacteria) every 10 days, and 0.5-1L/mu.m each time;
4) building a submerged plant planting platform in the deep water area, planting submerged plants (6000-8000 submerged plant seedlings/bud per 1 mu), and breeding shellfish; planting submerged plants (12000-15000 seedlings of submerged plants per bud are planted per 1 mu) in the shallow water area;
the specific construction method comprises the following steps: connecting two banks with steel wires or ropes above the water surface of the deep water area, and suspending the aquatic plant device on the steel wires or ropes, wherein the aquatic plant device is adjusted to the immersed depth by the buckles of the aquatic plant device. (FIG. 1)
The aquatic plant planting device is formed by connecting an aquatic plant planting net and a freshwater mussel hanging net in series (figure 2), wherein the aquatic plant planting net is cylindrical and is of a net structure made of a metal ring, the diameter of the aquatic plant planting net is 40-50 cm, the height of the aquatic plant planting net is 30cm, a layer of biological cotton, filter cotton or activated carbon fiber cotton is padded at the bottom of the aquatic plant planting net, submerged aquatic plants are planted in the aquatic plant planting net, and the freshwater mussel hanging net is a rectangular net made of a plastic polymer material and is hung below the aquatic plant planting net.
5) The method comprises the following steps of putting 150-200 fishes/mu of filter feeding fishes (silver carps, bighead carps and/or duck bills) with the specification of 250-400 grams, and putting the filter feeding fishes and the carnivorous fishes (snakeheads, silurus meridionalis, culter alburnus, weever perches and/or mandarin fishes), wherein the proportion of the filter feeding fishes, the small-sized native fishes and the carnivorous fishes in the fishes is 95: 2: 3;
6) stocking benthonic animals such as freshwater mussels, snails, corbicula fluminea, freshwater shrimps and macrobrachium rosenbergii with the density of 80-100 jin/mu, wherein the stocking ratio of the freshwater mussels to the snails in the benthonic animals is 8:2, and the benthonic animals account for 95% of the stocking amount of the whole benthonic animals;
7) setting 0.75KW aeration equipment such as a water-spraying type aerator, a waterwheel type aerator or a surge type aerator or aeration equipment such as a submersible aerator on the water surface of each 10 mu;
8) constructing emergent aquatic plant communities in shallow water areas;
building a simple water retaining dam by using local materials, ensuring the survival of emergent aquatic plants (reed, pinwheel grass, canna, thaliana, calamus, ornamental lotus root, Siberian iris and celandine) in a dry period, performing manual maintenance, and watering every 1-2 days;
9) construction of evergreen plants in hydro-fluctuation area of reservoir
Adopting an ecological floating bed module splicing mode (the ecological floating bed module is a rectangular frame which is made of PVC pipes and knotless net sheets and has the length of 3.6 meters and the width of 1 meter, and is spliced and fixed by ropes along the edge of a reservoir, or directly selecting the ropes, the knotless net sheets and floating balls or foam, and using bamboo poles or wood bars to support and fix along the edge of the reservoir, specifically referring to figures 1 and 3), planting herbaceous plants such as verbena, bermuda grass and the like or leafy plants such as cupressure grass and foxtail algae which have better environmental adaptability of extreme environment such as drought resistance, waterlogging resistance and the like in a water-falling area of a reservoir, carrying out manual maintenance, watering every 1-2 days, and ensuring survival;
10) aquatic plant harvesting and fish fishing
Harvesting the aquatic plants every 30-45 d, fishing the filter-feeding fishes every 60-90 d, and simultaneously throwing the filter-feeding fishes with the same quantity.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are described below by way of test examples.
Test example 1 Water treatment according to the invention
1. Site summarization
The test site is the middle area of the inner river city, the area of the water area is 80 mu, the average water depth is 3.5 m, and the main pollution sources are agricultural non-point source pollution, cultivation pollution and a small amount of industrial pollution.
2. Treatment method
The treatment was carried out as in example 1, with an observation period of 6 months.
3. Water body detection
The water quality is measured once every 2 months according to the quality standard of the surface water environment (GB3838-2002), the sampling is according to the sampling requirement in the quality standard of the surface water environment (GB3838-2002), and the specific result is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Water quality testing data sheet
As can be seen from Table 1, the total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index, BOD in the contaminated water according to the water treatment method of the present invention5The COD detection value is gradually reduced, and the water quality index is obviously improved.
Test example 2 Water treatment according to the invention
1. Site summarization
The test site is Longchang city in Nei river, the area of the water area is 80 mu, the average water depth is 4 m, and the main pollution sources are agricultural non-point source pollution, culture pollution and a small amount of industrial pollution.
2. Treatment method
The treatment was carried out as in example 1, with an observation period of 6 months.
3. Water body detection
The water quality is measured once every 2 months according to the quality standard of the surface water environment (GB3838-2002), the sampling is according to the sampling requirement in the quality standard of the surface water environment (GB3838-2002), and the specific result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Water quality testing data sheet
As can be seen from Table 2, the total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index, BOD in the contaminated water according to the water treatment method of the present invention5The COD detection value is gradually reduced, and the water quality index is obviously improved.
In conclusion, the water eutrophication treatment method solves the problem of environmental pollution of water areas in hilly areas, improves living environment of people, promotes sustainable development of water environment, and has practical popularization and application values.
Claims (15)
1. A treatment method for small water eutrophication in hilly areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
1) banning pollution sources within 0.05-0.1 km of the periphery of the water body, and arranging plant isolation belts within 0.01-0.02 km of the periphery of the water body;
2) improving bottom mud, and killing protogenic algae;
3) cultivating advantageous alga dominant population, and putting in micro-ecological preparation regularly;
4) planting submerged plants in the deep water area, and breeding shellfish animals; planting submerged plants in the shallow water;
5) putting filter-feeding fishes, native fishes and carnivorous fishes;
6) breeding the benthonic animals;
7) arranging oxygen increasing or aerating equipment;
8) constructing emergent aquatic plant communities in shallow water areas;
9) constructing evergreen plants in a water body falling area;
10) harvesting aquatic plants and fishing fishes.
2. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the pollution source in the step 1) is aquatic pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution and/or industrial pollution in a water body.
3. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the method for improving the bottom mud in the step 2) comprises the following steps: 3-5 kg of a mixture of modified clay minerals and quicklime is thrown into the water surface per mu; the mass ratio of the modified clay mineral to the quick lime is 1: 1.
4. a remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the method for killing the protogenic algae in the step 2) comprises the following steps: controlling and killing the primary algae for 2-3 times by using the algicide every 2-3 days for 1-2 weeks; the protozote is blue algae and/or euglena.
5. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating the dominant population of beneficial algae in step 3) comprises adding 1 × 10 to the water body for at least 2 times per month after killing the primary algae7～1×108More than one per liter of algae are thrown for 1 time every 5 to 7 days, 300 to 800 ml/mu.m is thrown for each time, and preferably 1 × 10 is thrown for at least 2 times per month into the water body7Throwing more than one alga seeds per L for 1 time every 7 days, and throwing 500ml per mu per meter each time; the algae species are chlorella and/or oocyst algae.
6. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the regular feeding of the microecologics in the step 3) is to feed the microecologics for 1 time every 8-10 days, and preferably to feed the microecologics for 1 time every 10 days; the microbial ecological agent is a bacillus solid agent, a photosynthetic bacteria and/or a nitrobacteria liquid agent, wherein the bacillus solid agent is put in 200-250 g/mu.m every time, and the photosynthetic bacteria and the nitrobacteria liquid agent is put in 0.5-1L/mu.m every time.
7. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: and 4) planting 6000-8000 submerged plant seedlings per 1 mu of the deep water area, and planting 12000-15000 submerged plant seedlings per 1 mu of the shallow water area.
8. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: step 5), the density of the thrown fishes is 150-200 tails/mu, and the specification of the thrown fishes is 250-400 g; the proportion of filter-feeding fishes, native fishes and carnivorous fishes is 90-100: 1-4: 2-5, preferably 95: 2: 3; the filter feeding fish is silver carp, bighead carp and/or duck bill; the carnivorous fish is snakehead, silurus meridionalis, culter alburnus, weever and/or mandarin fish; the native fishes are native fishes in the local.
9. A remediation method according to claim 8 wherein: the filter feeding fishes are silver carps and bighead carps with the mantissa ratio of 8: 2.
10. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: step 6), the density of the benthonic animals bred in the breeding process is 80-100 jin/mu; the benthonic animals are freshwater mussels, snails, corbicula fluminea, freshwater shrimps and/or macrobrachium rosenbergii.
11. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the freshwater mussel and the spiral shell in the benthonic animals account for 90-98% of the total feeding amount, wherein the weight ratio of the freshwater mussel to the spiral shell is 8:2, preferably, the content of the freshwater mussels and the snails in the benthonic animals accounts for 95 percent of the total feeding amount.
12. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the method for arranging the oxygen increasing or aerating equipment in the step 7) comprises the following steps: 0.75KW of oxygen increasing or aerating equipment is arranged on the water surface per 10 mu; the oxygenation equipment is a water-spraying type aerator, a waterwheel type aerator or a surging type aerator; the aeration equipment is a submersible aerator.
13. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: the method for constructing emergent aquatic plant communities in shallow water areas in the step 8) comprises the following steps: building a retaining dam by using local materials, planting emergent aquatic plants, and watering every 1-2 days; the emergent aquatic plants include, but are not limited to, reed, pinwheel, canna, thaliana, calamus, ornamental lotus root, Siberian iris, and loosestrife.
14. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: step 9) the method for constructing the evergreen plants in the water body falling area comprises the following steps: planting herbaceous or floating-leaf plants adapting to extreme environments in a water body falling area by adopting an ecological floating bed module splicing mode, and watering every 1-2 days; such herbs include, but are not limited to, verbena, bermudagrass; the floating-leaf plants include but are not limited to Aleurites fordii and Thiophyta.
15. A remediation method according to claim 1 wherein: step 10), the aquatic plant harvesting method includes harvesting aquatic plants every 30-45 days; the method for fishing the fishes comprises the steps of fishing the filter-feeding fishes every 60-90 days and simultaneously feeding the same filter-feeding fishes.
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