CN101120661B - Ecological fishery cultivating device based on composite vertical current artificial wet land - Google Patents
Ecological fishery cultivating device based on composite vertical current artificial wet land Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The present invention discloses an apparatus and a method for the ecological fishing cultivation based on the composite vertical flow artificial wetland; wherein, the apparatus adopts the water stream as the carrier among a cultivating fish pond, an artificial wetland, an ecological channel and a water compensation pond that are serially connected with each other; the cultivating fish pond is provided with a water pump and is communicated with the artificial wetland through a culvert pipe, the artificial wetland is connected with the ecological channel, and the communication position between the ecological channel and the cultivating pond is provided with a stream fall about 50 cm. The apparatus has simple structure, is convenient to cultivate the fish and obviously improves the cultivating yield, which protects the water environment while realizing the high-quality and high-efficient health cultivating of the fishes so as to realize a pond cultivating composite apparatus that can be sustainable to use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, more specifically relate to a kind of ecological fishery cultivating device, also relate to a kind of method of fishery cultivating simultaneously based on composite vertical current artificial wetland.
Background technology
As the main body of culture fishery, pond culture has not only been made huge contribution for the solution people eats the fish difficulty, and has become the surging industry that solves agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem, New Countryside Construction.According to statistics, the pond culture area accounted for 42.9% of freshwater aquiculture area in 2005, and cultured output accounts for 70.3% of freshwater aquiculture output.Yet over the past thousands of years, China's pond culture utilizes through arrangement or the production of breeding fish of the less hydrostatic water body of hand excavation's area always, but there is following drawback in this traditional pond cultivating system:
(1) breeding technique is relative with technology backward
China's tradition pond breed variety mainly is " four large Chinese carps " such as green grass or young crops, grass, silver carp, flatheads.At " four large Chinese carps " breed characteristics, the breeding technique that under the technical conditions of " rich water is breeded fish ", designs for increase output, employing constantly increases nutriments such as water body nitrogen, phosphorus in breeding process, after the water body overnutritionization becomes " old water ", aquaculture wastewater is discharged into the environment waters with the way of changing water.Water quality is limpid, nutrient accumulation is few, the kind differences is bigger but name, special, excellent high-quality fish require, the suitable high-quality and efficient requirement of the technology mode significant discomfort in pond " rich water is breeded fish ", cultural technique lag behind the structure of Modern Fishery development and the needs that kind is adjusted.
(2) water resource and matter energy can not effectively utilize
Under existing pond culture working condition, the waste that has produced great lot of water resources and matter energy.Research data shows, the consumption of fish culture water is 200-600 cubic meter/kilogram fish, 13% protein, 8% fat, 40% carbohydrate, 17% dry matter organic and 23% are discharged as metabolite by fish in the pond culture feed, finally be accumulated in breeding water body and the sediment of pond, make breeding water body become eutrophy waste water.In order to satisfy the pond culture fish to water quality and ecological requirement, constantly replacing, discharging breeding wastewater cause a large amount of wastes and the loss that can utilize the goods and materials energy of freshwater resources.Simultaneously, unprocessed and breeding wastewater discharging also can cause pond periphery water ecological environment and have a strong impact on.
(3) aquatic product quality security presence major hidden danger
High-density breeding makes that the aquatic products disease is serious.On the one hand, frequent day by day disease makes peasant household suffer the tremendous economic loss; On the other hand, owing to lack efficient, low toxicity, aquatic products medication with strong points and the commercialized vaccine that is suitable for extensive shoal of fish immunity inoculation, medication lack of standardization in the actual breeding production, unscientific makes the medicament residue problem become the big bottleneck that the puzzlement Export of Chinese Aquatic Products is earned foreign exchange, and becomes a big hidden danger that threatens China's people's health.
(4) the aquatic products quality descends
The covet raising of cultured output of existing pond culture system, the aquatic products quality descends day by day.Mainly be presented as the aquatic products peculiar smell problem that is on the rise both at home and abroad.The lifting of output of aquatic products at present can only be satisfied the demand of the people's " that eats is full ", if but the adjustment of not carrying out production model will be difficult to satisfy the demand of " that eats is good ".
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of ecological fishery cultivating device based on compound vertical artificial swamp; simple in structure; it is convenient to culture; significantly improved cultured output; when realizing the high-quality and efficient healthy aquaculture of fish; the protection water environment, the pond culture set composite of realization sustainable utilization of water resource.
Another object of the present invention is the method that has been to provide a kind of ecological fishery pond culture based on compound vertical artificial swamp, according to scientific and effective this ecological fishery cultivating device that utilizes of this method energy, guarantee the water demand of high-quality fish culture, realize higher fish culture density, reach higher fish survival rate, and significantly improve the fish quality.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by following technical solution:
This pond culture set composite that has water saving and environment-friendly function concurrently is made up of cultivation fish pond, artificial swamp and ecological canal three parts, it is characterized in that: between cultivation fish pond, artificial swamp, ecological canal and the moisturizing pool, be carrier with current, series connection successively, artificial swamp links to each other with ecological canal, cultivation fish pond links to each other with ecological canal, artificial swamp links to each other with cultivation fish pond with the moisturizing pool respectively, forms modular closed circulation pond culture set composite.Described cultivation fish pond can be one or more (2-6) parallel connection, and water quality can be regulated and control by the control quantity of circulating water in each pond, thereby satisfies the needs of different breeding object; Artificial swamp also can be the combination of one or more (2-6) artificial swamp, when being a plurality of artificial swamp, can adopt the serial or parallel connection mode to combine, the fishpond upper water is introduced or risen to artificial swamp by culvert pipe or water pump, artificial swamp is mainly used to purify the water body that circulates from the pond; The water outlet of artificial swamp directly enters ecological canal by outlet conduit, and ecological canal is mainly used to carry wetland effluent to each cultivation fish pond, and has the effect of further purifying water body; Irrigation canals and ditches are carried go back to the fishpond with water.
Master in the described cultivation fish pond breeds fish and is famous-brand and high-quality breed variety, and as megalobrama amblycephala, California perch, U.S.'s channel catfish etc., its proportion is 80%-95%, and joining breeds fish is filter-feeding fish such as silver carp flathead etc., and proportion is 5%-20%; When described cultivation fish pond adopts a plurality of pond, be equipped with water pump in each cultivating pool, and link to each other with artificial swamp by culvert pipe.Described artificial swamp is made of impervious barrier, hypothallus and plant and microorganism, and the exhalant region bottom is provided with the PVC collecting pipe of perforation, and the PVC collecting pipe is connected with the vertical tube and the evacuated tube of regulating the wetland water level, and the plant in the artificial swamp is humidogene or water plants; Plant in the artificial swamp is selected well developed root system, biomass is big and have the beautification of landscape function humidogene or water plants; Set algae reactor is set in the described ecological canal, and set algae reactor is a kind of homemade easy device that the set algae adheres to that is easy to; There is the above height of water of 50cm the connection position of ecological canal and cultivation fish pond, is easy to make up the drop device.Set algae reactor and drop device those of ordinary skill in the art do not pay any creative work and all can prepare.
Described hypothallus is: gravel.
Described impervious barrier is: concrete.
Described plant is: India canna, calamus, cattail.
Described microorganism is: have the microbial population of catharsis, and as nitrifying bacteria community, the denitrification flora.
Described humidogene or water plants plant are: India canna, calamus, cattail etc.
Described set algae reactor is positioned over ecological canal according to landscape effect with it for the large-scale gravel of set algae apposition growth can be provided.
Described structure drop device is realized by the water-head between the ecological canal and the pond water surface.
Cultural method is as follows:
1, by water pump the retrievable water source of periphery is extracted in the moisturizing pool, (mainly relies on submerged plant and algae-bacteria symbiotic system) on the moisturizing pool and the acting in conjunction of artificial swamp (mainly relying on wetland plant, wetland microorganism and wetland matrix) progressively improves the source quality of introducing;
2, after moisturizing pool water quality meets water quality standard for fishery GB11607-89, by artificial swamp water is incorporated in the cultivation fish pond that has handled on the process solarization pool again, it is dark that the depth of water reaches 1.5-2 rice;
3, put fingerling in a suitable place to breed, the different mining of looking pond water quality and cultivation density purifies the cultivation fish pond water body by artificial swamp with different quantity of circulating water;
4, the water body (controlling by water meter) of the certain water yield of each cultivation fish pond is extracted in the artificial swamp through the immersible pump that is placed in the pond, and water outlet arrives ecological canal through aeration, is back in the cultivation fish pond through ecological canal again;
5, owing to seepage and water evaporates, the cultivation fish pond water body has partial loss.Water is handled through artificial swamp and is added in each cultivation fish pond in can be with the moisturizing pool when the cultivation fish pond water shortage.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is:
1, the purification of water quality unit is an artificial wet land system, and ecological, environmental protective and system purification are powerful, and quality of reused water reaches the fisheries water water standard fully;
2, changing the pond hydrostatic is miniflow water, make the pond culture system afflux water of structure breed fish and the advantage of traditional aqiuculrue in one, can significantly improve output capacity and increase benefit;
3, realize the breeding wastewater zero-emission, saved water resource, meet the national sustainable development strategy;
4, system process is simple, and operational management is convenient, and natural quality is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of artificial swamp;
Fig. 2 cooperates schematic diagram for Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a kind of ecological pond cultivator structural representation based on composite vertical current artificial wetland.
1-water inlet, 2-downstream wetland plant, 3-downstream pond, 4-evacuated tube, 5-up-downgoing stream partition wall, 6-upstream pond, 7-upstream pond plant, 8-delivery port, 9-water inlet pipe, 10-water distributor, 11-collector pipe, 12-outlet pipe, the 13-moisturizing pool, 14-artificial swamp, 15-ecological canal, 16-cultivation fish pond
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described further.This a kind of ecological pond cultivator based on composite vertical current artificial wetland that has water saving and environment-friendly function concurrently is by cultivation fish pond 16, the moisturizing pool 13, artificial swamp 14 and ecological canal 15 are formed, according to Fig. 3 as can be known, artificial swamp 14 links to each other with ecological canal 15, cultivation fish pond 16 links to each other with ecological canal 15, artificial swamp 14 links to each other with cultivation fish pond 16 with the moisturizing pool 13 respectively, connect mutually by current, form the closed circulation flowing water type pond culture ecosystem thus, reached the purpose that relatively independent breeding is organically combined, effectively realize different interbiotic symbiosis mutualities of interest, break through traditional single pond culture mode.
Described submerged plant is: waterweed, water caltrop, hornwort, watermifoil etc.
Described floatingleaved plant is: water lily, lotus etc.
Plant in the moisturizing pool 13 waterweed is arranged, water caltrop, hornwort, submerged plants such as watermifoil, water lily, lotus, floatingleaved plants such as water chestnut, put filter-feeding silver carp, bighead kind 100 tails in a suitable place to breed, add helotisn intrinsic in the pool (as: chlorella, grid algae, the algae that quivers, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria etc.) system, constitute aquatic ecosystem thus with multistage food chain structure, the light scorching biosystem of utilizing the physiological function between algae and the bacterium two class biologies to act synergistically and purify waste water, algae utilizes CO in the water by photosynthesis
2And NH
4 +, PO
4 -3Deng nutriment, synthetic self cellular material also discharges O
2Aerobic bacteria then utilizes the O in the water
2Organic pollutant is decomposed, transforms, produce CO
2And NH
4 +, PO
4 -3Deng nutriment, to keep the algae grows breeding, so move in circles, realize the biological Treatment of Wastewater effect.Because source water is taken from East Lake, Wuhan City in the native system, water quality is relatively poor, through water quality under the effect of water plants, algae and filter-feeding fish bigger improvement is arranged in the moisturizing pool 13.Because the existence of water plants and the effect of miniflow water, surface flow pattern artificial swamp 14 is under solar light irradiation, the physicochemical character of water extremely is suitable for plankton (as: green algas such as bristle algae, water silk floss, flap algae, chlamydomonas, chlorella, blue-green algaes such as spirulina, diatoms such as shank algae, melosira, little ring algae) procreation growth, make it except undertaking purification function, in fact still planktonic " workshop ", filter-feeding fish can further transform matter and energy.
Described artificial swamp 14 adopts composite vertical current artificial wetland, and it is made of a downstream pond 3 and a upstream pond 6, plays water quality adjustment and catharsis.Artificial swamp 14 is by inhalant region, bed tagma and exhalant region constitute, be provided with upstream pond 6 in up-downgoing stream partition wall 5 one sides, opposite side is provided with downstream pond 3, in upstream pond 6 and 3 bottoms, downstream pond evacuated tube 4 is housed, delivery port 8 and water inlet 1 are arranged on upstream pond 6 and downstream pond 3, on downstream pond 3, plant downstream wetland plant 2 is arranged, on upstream pond 6, plant upstream pond plant 7 is arranged, water inlet pipe 9 is housed in artificial swamp 14, water distributor 10, collector pipe 11 and outlet pipe 12, water inlet pipe 9 links to each other with water distributor 10, water is evenly distributed in the middle of the wetland, collector pipe 11 links to each other with outlet pipe 12, the water behind the wetland purification is collected, outside the output system, described downstream wetland plant 2 is: India canna, and described upstream pond plant 7 is: calamus, cattail.Have two groups of composite vertical current artificial wetlands, floor space 320m
2Wetland plants such as plantation calamus, cattail and India canna in the wetland.The breeding wastewater that enters wetland is under the combined purifying function of matrix, plant and microorganism, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total suspended matter and algae toxin, noxious bacteria all there is better clean-up effect, water outlet is except that dissolved oxygen is low, and other biology, physical and chemical index all can reach national water quality standard for fishery.
Fishpond waste water enters artificial swamp, and after through serial oxidation, aerobic biochemical reaction such as nitrated, wetland effluent dissolved oxygen content is often lower.Therefore, the reuse of realization water is breeded fish and must be recovered dissolved oxygen in water.Ecological canal can reach this purpose.Placed the indefinite cobblestone of many sizes in the ecological canal 15 in this device.Under current and illumination condition, living algae and adhere to naturally, grow in a large number as meetings such as black born of the same parents algae, Mao Zhizao, bristle algaes.Nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter are when further obtaining removing in the wetland effluent, and dissolved oxygen in water is owing to algae photosynthesis is obviously recovered.Irrigation canals and ditches and fishpond intersection have drop 50cm, and dissolved oxygen in water can further be restored thus.In this device, the wetland effluent dissolved oxygen but after the oxygenation and drop of ecological canal 15, enters the water of cultivation fish pond 16 generally about 1mg/L, and its dissolved oxygen reaches more than the 5mg/L, satisfies the fish culture requirement fully.
Cultural method is as follows:
1, by water pump the retrievable water source of periphery is extracted in the moisturizing pool 13, (mainly relies on submerged plant and algae-bacteria symbiotic system) on the moisturizing pool 13 and the acting in conjunction of artificial swamp 14 (mainly relying on wetland plant, wetland microorganism and wetland matrix) progressively improves the source quality of introducing;
2, after the moisturizing pool 13 water quality meet water quality standard for fishery GB11607-89, by artificial swamp 14 water is incorporated in the cultivation fish pond 16 that has handled on the process solarization pool again, it is dark that the depth of water reaches 1.5-2 rice;
3, put fingerling in a suitable place to breed, the different mining of looking pond water quality and cultivation density purifies by 14 pairs of cultivation fish pond 16 water bodys of artificial swamp with different quantity of circulating water;
4, the water body (controlling by water meter) of each cultivation fish pond 16 certain water yield is extracted in the artificial swamp 14 through the immersible pump that is placed in the pond, and water outlet arrives ecological canal 15 through aeration, is back in the cultivation fish pond 16 through ecological canal 15 again;
5, owing to seepage and water evaporates, cultivation fish pond 16 water bodys have partial loss.Water is handled through artificial swamp 14 and is added in each cultivation fish pond 16 in can be with the moisturizing pool 13 when cultivation fish pond 16 water shortages.
This device utilizes this device can guarantee high-quality fish culture water demand through a series of experimental results show that, can realize higher cultivation density, can reach higher fish survival rate, can improve the cultured fishes quality.
By the water quality monitoring of the circulation pool being found its water quality can effectively be regulated and control, be embodied in: the transparency average is greater than 40cm; PH remains on more than 7.0; The oxyty average is greater than 3.64 mg/litre, and day and night fluctuation is less; The total suspended solid average is less than 18 mg/litre, and the chemical oxygen demand average is lower than 20 mg/litre, satisfies setting in " nuisanceless fresh water aquaculture water standard "; The ammoniacal nitrogen average is less than 0.56 mg/litre.By finding relatively that with the pool of not circulating total suspended solid, ammoniacal nitrogen and total phosphorus content all are starkly lower than the pool of not circulating in the circulation pool.
The successful breed of this device sturgeon, channel catfish (nurture of fish fingerlings and adult fish culture), megalobrama amblycephala (nurture of fish fingerlings and adult fish culture), erythroculter ilishaeformis (nurture of fish fingerlings).When guaranteeing fish culture density, this device can guarantee the higher quality of circulation pool Mesichthyes.Be in particular in that the delicate flavour amino acid content that detects in the megalobrama amblycephala of circulation pool growth is apparently higher than the pool of not circulating; Adopt ELISA to measure and contain the algae toxin in the pool of not circulating, and the circulation pool does not have and detects; Not circulating, fish body muscle and liver all have the algae toxin to detect in the pool, and the circulation pool does not have and detects; By the detection of water body smell substance in the pool is found that smell substance content is starkly lower than the pool of not circulating in the circulation pool.
In addition, infer by estimation that when 1.5 meters of the pond depth of waters, the area of pond and wetland ratio is can keep pond suitable ecotope at 5.3: 1 in the combined system, this ratio is better than external similar achievement in research.Find that by Economic and Efficiency Analysis the input-output ratio on the circulation pool is 1: 1.03 in the experiment, and the input-output ratio on the pool of not circulating is 1: 1.26.The result shows when this system is used for the marketable fish breed of conventional variety, will be worse than traditional pond culture on economic benefit.But, be example with the sturgeon cultivation, carry out Economic and Efficiency Analysis if culture with famous-particular-excellent, the input-output ratio on the circulation pool can reach 1: 3.52.So this system can bring tangible economic well-being of workers and staff when the higher breed variety of culturing economic added value.
In breeding process for many years, this system's fishpond water quality has reached " pollution-free food freshwater aquiculture water standard ", does not have the contagiosity fish disease to take place, do not use any other drugs used in aquiculture except that quicklime, the breeding wastewater discharging is zero, and water-saving result is obvious, to not influence of surrounding enviroment.
Claims (5)
1. ecological fishery cultivating device based on composite vertical current artificial wetland, it is characterized in that: be carrier with current between cultivation fish pond (16), artificial swamp (14) and ecological canal (15) and the moisturizing pool (13), series connection successively, artificial swamp (14) links to each other with ecological canal (15), cultivation fish pond (16) links to each other with ecological canal (15), and artificial swamp (14) links to each other with cultivation fish pond (16) with the moisturizing pool (13) respectively;
The described moisturizing pool (13) mainly relies on submerged plant and algae-bacteria symbiotic system, and planting in the moisturizing pool (13) has submerged plant and floatingleaved plant;
Described cultivation fish pond (16) is that one or 2-6 are in parallel, is provided with water pump in the cultivating pool (16) and links to each other with artificial swamp (14) by culvert pipe;
Described artificial swamp (14) is one or 2-6 artificial swamp (14) combination, adopts the serial or parallel connection mode to combine;
Described artificial swamp (14) is made of impervious barrier, hypothallus and plant and microorganism; The exhalant region bottom is provided with the PVC collecting pipe of perforation, and the PVC collecting pipe is connected with the vertical tube and the evacuated tube (14) of regulating the wetland water level;
Set algae reactor is set in the described ecological canal (15), and ecological canal (15) has the 50cm height of water with the connection position of cultivation fish pond (16);
Described impervious barrier is a concrete;
Described hypothallus is a gravel;
Described plant is India canna, calamus, cattail;
Described microorganism is nitrifying bacteria community, anti-nitre flora.
2. a kind of ecological fishery cultivating device according to claim 1 based on composite vertical current artificial wetland, it is characterized in that: artificial swamp (14) is made of a downstream pond (3) and a upstream pond (6), partition wall (5) one sides are provided with upstream pond (6) in up-downgoing stream pond, opposite side is provided with downstream pond (3), in upstream pond (6) and downstream pond (3) bottom evacuated tube (4) is housed, delivery port (8) and water inlet (1) are arranged on upstream pond (6) and downstream pond (3), go up plantation calamus, cattail and India canna at artificial swamp (14).
3. a kind of ecological fishery cultivating device based on composite vertical current artificial wetland according to claim 1 is characterized in that: place cobblestone in the ecological canal (15).
4. a kind of ecological fishery cultivating device based on composite vertical current artificial wetland according to claim 1 is characterized in that: planting in the moisturizing pool (13) has waterweed, water caltrop, hornwort, watermifoil, lotus, water chestnut.
5. a kind of ecological fishery cultivating device according to claim 1 based on composite vertical current artificial wetland, it is characterized in that: water inlet pipe (9), water distributor (10), collector pipe (11) and outlet pipe (12) are housed in the artificial swamp (14), water inlet pipe (9) links to each other with water distributor (10), and collector pipe (11) links to each other with outlet pipe (12).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019180615A1 (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | Maof Hanegev Ltd. | Aquaculture systems and methods for shrimp or other crustaceans |
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