CN102124972A - Fresh water scale pond ecological breeding system - Google Patents
Fresh water scale pond ecological breeding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102124972A CN102124972A CN2011100402699A CN201110040269A CN102124972A CN 102124972 A CN102124972 A CN 102124972A CN 2011100402699 A CN2011100402699 A CN 2011100402699A CN 201110040269 A CN201110040269 A CN 201110040269A CN 102124972 A CN102124972 A CN 102124972A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fresh water scale pond ecological breeding system. The system comprises five parts, namely a breeding pond, a pond water normal-position distributed treatment part, a pond discharge water abnormal-position centralized treatment part, a backwater function recovery treatment part and a pond water quality compensation treatment part. Breeding water aquatic ecology, pond breading and an aquaculture engineering technology are integrated organically; and pond microcirculation is formed through absorption, decomposition and nitrification functions of microorganisms, algae and the aquatic plants, particularly continuous removal of aquatic plants with growth and intermittent water supply, so that the utilization rate of pond eutrophic substances is improved, and breeding backwater is restored. The system has the remarkable effects of water saving and emission reduction and provides the high-efficiency pond ecological breeding system which is novel in process and is high in operability and economic and practical and has a unique structure for fishery industrialization and scale production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture; relate to a kind of fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system, it is characterized in that by cultivating pool, pond water original position dispersion treatment, pond discharge water dystopy focus on, backwater function recovery process and pond water quality compensation deals five parts form.
Background technology
At present, China is in and economizes on resources, protects under the situation of environment, advocates closed circulation pond culture mode energetically.And traditional pond breeding ecological environment is compared with the complicated ecosystem in natural rivers, lake, the comparison fragility seems, the self-purification capacity that lacks continuation, can not satisfy demands of social development, transform existing breeding way as the closed circulation cultivation mode, still have many technical barriers to need to be resolved hurrily.
Traditional breeding way, the ingesting of fishes and shrimps, metabolism and survival activity are all in same pond waters.The metabolism of constantly fertilising, bait throwing in and fishes and shrimps makes limited water body lose its reduction and restore funcitons gradually.The wawter bloom phenomenon usually appears in the pond, and wawter bloom has covered the water surface, has intercepted illumination and exchange gas, has suppressed the photosynthesis of phytoplankton, causes dissolved oxygen in water to reduce, and influences the culturing fish and shrimp growth.If do not take measures, wawter bloom will rot to decompose, and consumes oxygen, worsens water quality.Then, harmful substances such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia nitrogen increase severely, and the animals and plants of breed make whole pond ecosystem collapse also because of poisoning and anoxic death.Therefore, the key issue of pond ecosystem is: how to solve and keep the dynamic material balance problem of pond input and output, how to solve the regulation and control problem of pond scale pond culture and water quality?
In documents and materials, at present, experts and scholars have carried out many research work both at home and abroad, mainly can reduce physics, chemistry and biological three aspects, and similar techniques has both at home and abroad:
Research aspect physics has: a kind of pond water quality clearing machine of Zhou Yan (2006) (CN2903037Y); Wang Yanmin (2009) pond culture hydathode (ZL200920017226.7); U Wagner (2008) is used for the surface suction device (CN101260746A) of pond or similar site; A kind of method (CN101367565A) of removing blue-green algae in the pond of Wang Yemiao (2008).
Research aspect chemical has: a kind of preparation of killing moss in the cultivating pool of Huang Zhongping (2009) and preparation method thereof (CN101703052A).
Research aspect biological has: Smith D W. (1985) puts filter-feeding fish shellfish in a suitable place to breed plankton in the water body and water quality condition is also had considerable influence, fish reduce the biomass that ingesting in a large number of phytoplankton can not make phytoplankton, and this is because more small-sized algae is bred; The experiment of Richardson (1990) shows that carp is unfavorable for the growth of pasture and water, and the abundance of benthonic invertebrates is reduced significantly, but can improve algae bio amount and primary productivity; Carpenter S R (1987) fish ingest to zooplankton then can alleviate the pressure of ingesting that phytoplankton is born, phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity thereby rising, and the fish force of labor also can be improved.Wang Yufeng (1990) is cultivated fresh water fingerling experiment (aquatic product journal) with photosynthetic bacteria liquid; The Chen head of a family (2008) is a kind of to utilize elastic filler to make up the method (CN101333034A) that microbial film purifies water in the pond.Meng Rui (2010) immobilized bacterium-frond is the research (Master's thesis) of purifying aquaculture waste water; A kind of box-type biological floating bed and using method (CN101828538A) of Gu Zhaojun (2010).
Have in the research aspect comprehensive such as physics, chemistry and biology and engineering etc.: Li Deshang (1998) has adopted a plurality of ponds ecosystem inflow and outflow of water, has united the biological modulated control techniques of water quality adjustment; Shi Fusheng (2000) cycle water carries out the method (CN1297678A) of pond aquaculture; A kind of pool culturing composite system (CN101023741A) that has water saving and security function concurrently of Li Gu (2007); A kind of ecological engineered pond culture system (CN201709241U) of Yu Deguang (2010); A kind of water quality of pool complex culture regulate and control method of Liu Xingguo (2009) and regulator control system (CN101642076A).
From analysis, physical method reduces desilting, precipitation, filters and changes water, and reaching the purpose of the ecotope that improves water body, shortcoming is to be cost to sacrifice external environment condition.Chemical method reduces throws in chemicals and oxidation medicament, and shortcoming is in sterilization and oxygenation, has also destroyed the ecological balance, causes secondary pollution; Pharmacology is not clear, and consumption is unclear, also can cause the residual of medicine or poisoning.Biological method reduces and adds probiotics, and as microorganism and algae preparation, shortcoming is that water body is more little, the easy more fluctuation that causes pond physics and chemistry and biological indicator.Three kinds of methods are used, and all produce certain operating cost, all external environment condition are exerted an influence, and therefore, it is imperative that sealing is cultured.
Integrated approach, being primarily aimed at is in blocks or scale pond, the deficiency of existence has: the one,, the input and output in breeding way pond, traditional pond exists seriously unbalance.Along with culturing vegeto-animal growth, the material of input constantly accumulates, and lacks the effective ways that pond accumulation thing constantly removes; The 2nd,, for pond ecosystem in blocks, be difficult to satisfy the demand of regulation and control only according to one or two technology, lack the system's combing and the integration of prior art and technological process, equipment coupling and integrated; The 3rd,, the pond structure and between relation, exist unreasonablely with the compensation of supplying water, culture though sealing occurred, mostly be the pond series system, in case shortcoming is that disease takes place, involve whole series connection pond, be difficult to prevention and control.At present, how to solve fresh water scale pond ecosystem and have above-mentioned problem, the bibliographical information that Shang Weiyou is relevant.
The objective of the invention is: overcoming above-mentioned existing technological deficiency, to have physics now, chemistry and biological and comprehensive method, carrying out the technology slaking integrates, the present invention is on technical matters, increased pond water original position dispersion treatment, pond discharge water dystopy focuses on, backwater function recovery process and pond water quality compensation deals part, and make full use of microorganism, algae and water plants absorb breeding water body, decompose, nitrification, especially the water plants after absorbing constantly removes from the pond along with growth, significantly reduce the pond accumulation like this, simultaneously, also reduce the load that the pond dystopy focuses on, and pass through batch (-type), low flowing water way of supplying water, make each processing section form organic combination, finally reach and alleviate the pond accumulation, repair and culture backwater, realize the purpose that sealing microcirculation pond efficient ecological is cultured.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the above-mentioned related technical scheme of problem of technology that exists: disclose a kind of fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system, its feature comprises that cultivating pool, pond waters original position dispersion treatment, pond discharge water dystopy focus on, backwater function recovery process and five parts of pond water quality compensation deals.
The water system technological process of described fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system is: pond waters is put into fishes and shrimps and is carried out breeding production; apply bacteria-algae preparation and water plants simultaneously and carry out the pond in-situ treatment; because night, water pump constantly supplied water; unnecessary water enters the water plants drain ditch by the overflow-type discharge outlet; import artificial swamp; absorption through water plants; decompose; after pond dystopy such as nitrated focuses on; enter silver carp flathead pond; after filter-feeding fish is ingested; entering inlet channel; carrying out the backwater function recovery process, backwater is static by after the stop on daytime, and the backwater function is recovered.By water pump water lift at night, enter cultivating pool again, remedy the lack of water of pond evaporation, seepage, or pond water quality compensation deals such as replenishing of alleviating that anoxic carries out, dilution and oxygenation, formed a circulation, go round and begin again, realized recycling of breeding water.
Described cultivating pool is: cultivating pool is used for the culturing economic fish, and cultured fishes are not less than 500kg/ mu.The pond alongst, end pond surface water inlet, other end pond bottom is by the draining of overflow-type discharge outlet.Adopt way of supplying water in parallel between the Chi Yuchi, each pond is separate, is convenient to disease and isolates and prevention and control.
Described pond waters original position dispersion treatment is: place the bacterium algae that applies or append in floating band of water plants and the water body by the pond water surface and carry out the pond water quality regulation and control.
(1) the floating band of water plants is the square bamboo pole frame that is bundled into by bamboo pole, interior placement fluitante, and be fixed on nylon rope on the timber of Chi Geng, one or several adopts the horizontally set along the pond to the floating band of water plants in the pond, masked area is less than cultured area 6%, fluitante or Eichhornia crassipes (Echhornia crassipes) or big algae (Pistia stratiotes), its biomass is less than 20kg/m
2Gathered once in per 5～10 days, the amount of gathering is 1/4 of the whole plant numbers of bamboo pole frame at every turn, should not surpass 1/3 at most.The water plants that collects can directly be fed pig and herbivorous fishes as green fodder.
(2) bacterium is the microorganism formulation that adopts, and the bacterial classification that microorganism formulation is mainly selected has swamp Rhodopseudomonas, Bacillus subtillis and EM bacterium; The strain number ACCC10649 of swamp Rhodopseudomonas is provided by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; The culture presevation numbering ATCC6051 of swamp Rhodopseudomonas, basis microbial room of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences provides.When applying or appending, or swamp Rhodopseudomonas, or Bacillus subtillis, or the compound bacteria of two kinds of bacterium.The viable count of swamp Rhodopseudomonas and Bacillus subtillis is 3.0 * 10
9With 3.0 * 10
8Cfu/mL.Using method: (V/V) concentration of splashing is 5 ‰ and 0.5 ‰, and 10～15 days once.Perhaps adopt EM liquid, splash 15 days once, concentration is 1.5kg/ mu, and when appending, 30 days once.
(3) the algae kind is that what to adopt is the four tail grid algaes (Scenedesmus quadricauda) and the chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorella vulgari) of Chlorophyta, and the bacterium number is 1.89 * 10
6With 1.5 * 10
6Cfu/mL all has aquatile research institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences algae kind storehouse to provide.Using method: (V/V) concentration of splashing is 1.0 * 10
6, apply and append be 30 days once; Bacterium algae or use separately, or use simultaneously.
Described water plants drain ditch: the water plants drain ditch is the drain ditch that the pond discharge water compiles artificial swamp, play a part to dredge cycle water and pond water conservation, be provided with round cultivating pool in blocks periphery, drain ditch or the lower reed (Phragmites communis) of plantation cover degree, or the floating band of water plants is set, to purify the pond discharge water.
Described pond discharge water dystopy focuses on and is: the pond discharge water is pooled to artificial swamp by the drain ditch, artificial swamp is that the pond discharge water is pooled to artificial swamp by the drain ditch, the artificial swamp that artificial swamp is formed, connected by several individual emergent aquactic plant in blocks, its form can be divided into surperficial stream, undercurrent type and vertical current constructed wetland, during design, or adopt single or two or more form combined artificial wetland forms.Wherein emergent aquactic plant is chosen as the stem or leaf of cattail (Typha angustifolia), lotus rhizome (Nelumbo uncifera) or reed (Phragmites communis).Common form has: single type has underflow type artificial wet land, surface current artificial wetland; Complex form has: vertical current constructed wetland-surface current artificial wetland-underflow type artificial wet land.
Described silver carp flathead pond is: silver carp flathead pond mainly is to put filter-feeding fish in a suitable place to breed, with the protozoa, plankton, cladocera, the copepoda animal that remove in the backwater, and organic debris, further purifying water body.Filter-feeding fish is mainly selected silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) and Plagiognathops microlepis (Plogiognathops microlepis bleeker), always carries the fish biomass less than 50kg/ mu.
Described backwater function recovery process is: backwater flows to a water surface broad, inlet channel that Chi Shui is darker by silver carp flathead pond hidden pipe, by precipitation, after static stop self-purification in 14 hours is handled, the dissolved oxygen compensation and the functional rehabilitation of backwater, inlet channel is put a spot of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) in a suitable place to breed; Total shrimp biomass that carries is less than 5kg/ mu.
Described pond water quality compensation deals are: inlet channel is provided with the axial-flow pump of low lift, low energy consumption, big flow, contain the characteristics that oxygen is low, fish easily raise the nose above water to breathe according to Chi Shui close to daybreak, night 23:00, open the water pump water lift, to m seq 7:00 termination of pumping, be responsible for to be assigned in each pond by arm by water inlet, to the pond evaporate, the compensation of seepage, and the dilution of water body and exchange, realized batch (-type) microcirculation breed like this.
Described water source: based on river water source, phreatic well 1 water source is auxilliary.River water source need just be handled through tulle, and the irrigated area, river is provided with from drain ditch, pond initial end can strengthen flow of inlet water, utilizes the souring of waterpower, is convenient to the drain ditch desilting.
The present invention compared with prior art has following obvious effects:
1; fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system is the characteristics that change according to pond culture water body physical and chemical factor; adopted pond original position dispersion treatment; dystopy focuses on; backwater function recovery process and pond water quality compensation deals; absorption by water plants; decompose; nitrated etc.; especially water plants is along with growth constantly removes; reduced the pond effectively and be accumulated in product in the water body because of what the metabolites of fish formed; reduced body eutrophication; strengthened the whole system purification function, made the breed recycle-water reach groundwater quality III～IV class water supply standard.
2, according to early morning Chi Shui contain that oxygen is low, characteristics that fish easily raises the nose above water to breathe, changing pond hydrostatic breed is that flowing water is cultured, changing the perennial draingage breed is that batch (-type) flowing water is cultured, made up that pond ecological cultivation system afflux water is breeded fish and the advantage of traditional aqiuculrue in one, pond peculiar sealing miniflow water cultures, significantly improve the pond output capacity, increase economic benefit.
3, saved water resource, reduced discharging, protected environment, beautified view, be industrialized scaleization, pond culture, reached the purpose of zero-emission, social benefit, ecological benefits are remarkable.
4, be China's developing rural economy; the new way that provides a fish production and restoration of the ecosystem to organically combine; reach fish production and had high value, efficient, ecological, environmental protection requirement; realized that fishery industrialization, large-scale production develop towards healthy, sustainable direction, have great exemplary role and promotional value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the water system technological process of fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system
Fig. 2 is a fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system floor map
Fig. 3 is a fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system overflow-type discharge outlet schematic diagram
Fig. 4 is the floating band schematic diagram of fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system water plants
Fig. 5 is ecological cultivation system water inlet of fresh water scale pond and the contrast of draining matter index
Shown in the Figure of description 1～5 of fresh water scale of the present invention pond ecological cultivation system; wherein: 1, phreatic well, 2, silver carp flathead pond, 3, the river sluice gate; 4 river feed ditch; 5, water plants drain ditch, 6, the pond, 7, inlet channel; 8, water pump; 9, the floating band of water plants, 10, the overflow-type discharge outlet, 11, water inlet is responsible for; 12, water inlet arm; 13, inlet channel hidden pipe, 14, stem or leaf of cattail pond hidden pipe, 15, stem or leaf of cattail pond; 16, lotus rhizome pond; 17, silver carp flathead pond hidden pipe, 18, advance draining conversion sluice gate, 19, external drainage ditch.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with providing accompanying drawing 1～5,, be described in further details according to fresh water scale of the present invention pond 6 ecological cultivation systems and method for treating water specific embodiment.
Fresh water scale of the present invention pond 6 ecological cultivation systems are built in the ecological Science and Technology Ltd. of Shandong Hao Yang loach cultivation base.Construction comprises that freshwater aquiculture pond 6, pond 6 water body in-situ dispersion treatment, pond 6 discharge water dystopys focus on, backwater function recovery process and five parts of pond 6 water quality compensation deals.8.70 mu of artificial swamp areas; 86.57 mu of pond 6 cultured areas.Purify area and cultured area than 1: 10.Engineering will be completed the end of the year 2008, the operation of having put into production, and test detection and production application effect are as follows:
The ecological cultivation system technological process of fresh water scale pond is: from the water system flow direction in proper order; pond 6 water bodys carry out large-scale production by putting the loach seed in a suitable place to breed; bacterium algae and water plants pond 6 in-situ treatment have been adopted simultaneously; constantly supply water for 8 nights by water pump; pond 6 water bodys are because of evaporation; seepage; anoxic is being carried out additional; pond 6 water quality compensation deals such as dilution and oxygenation; unnecessary water enters water plants drain ditch 5 by overflow-type discharge outlet 10; enter artificial swamp; absorption through water plants; decompose; after pond 6 dystopys such as nitrated focus on; enter silver carp flathead pond 2; after filter-feeding fish is ingested; entering inlet channel 7; carrying out the backwater function recovery process, backwater is static by after the stop on daytime, and the backwater function is recovered.By water pump 8 water lifts, enter above-mentioned circulation night again, goes round and begins again, and breeding water has been realized recycling.
There are 1 two kinds of river and phreatic wells at test 6 water sources, pond, and total water source comes near the river in the woman's bow river, tributary in Grand Canal, Hangzhoupro, capital this base, and has beaten the standby phreatic well 1 of a bite near silver carp flathead pond 2, as the auxiliary source of water in test pond 6.
River water source is just handled through 40 order tulles, by river feed ditch 4, enters inlet channel 7.Only when feed ditch 4 water in river were not given material assistance to, the ability exploiting groundwater was from phreatic well 1 water lift.River feed ditch 4 is the 7 initial end settings of 6 inlet channels from the pond, and is relatively more responsive to lack of water because annual rice field goes out the tassel blossom phase, need carry out water layer and irrigate, and can strengthen flow of inlet water, utilizes the souring of waterpower, but both drain ditch desiltings can fertilize the soil again, kill two birds with one stone.
The bacterium using method is: what mushroom adopted is microorganism formulation, and test is adopted is the compound formulation of two kinds of swamp Rhodopseudomonas and Bacillus subtillis, match ratio 10: 1, and viable count is 3.0 * 10
9With 3.0 * 10
8Cfu/mL, (V/V) concentration of splashing is 5 ‰ and 0.5 ‰, 10～15 days are once.
The algae using method is: what algae was adopted is the four tail grid algaes (Scenedesmus quadricauda) and the chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorella vulgari) of Chlorophyta, match ratio 1: 2, and the bacterium number is 1.89 * 10
6With 1.5 * 10
6Cfu/mL, (V/V) concentration of splashing is 1 * 10
6, apply and append be 30 days once.
Water plants drain ditch 5: the lower reed of plantation cover degree to reduce suspension, purifies pond 6 discharge waters.
It is that what to adopt is the different emergent aquactic plants of two tandems surface stream wetlands that pond 6 discharge water dystopys focus on, and its important technological parameters: artificial swamp takes up an area of 8.70 mu; Wherein the lotus rhizome area is 5.2 mu, 8.62 tons of biological total amounts; 2.9 mu of stem or leaf of cattail areas, 56.72 tons of biological total amounts.
What mainly put in a suitable place to breed in silver carp flathead pond 2 is silver carp and bighead, maximum 0.52 ton of the fish total amount of carrying.
What pond 6 water quality compensation deals were adopted is low lift, low energy consumption, big flow immersible pump 8, and per 4 or 5 is one group of water pump 8, is provided with 8 groups altogether.The technical parameter of water pump 8 is: model is QS250-5/1-5.5, that is: 250m3/h, lift 5m, rotating speed 2860rpm, Ie=13.6A.Culture period average 23:00 in night, open water pump 8 water lifts,, move 10 hours every day to m seq 7:00 termination of pumping.Maximum hydraulic detention time is 4.9 days.
Loach culture efficiency: on April 8th, 2009 the loach seedling is put in a suitable place to breed in 38 ponds 6 of 1-1～1-19 and 2-1～2-19, stocking size 3.1 grams, breeding density 50kg/ mu, 3.6 tons of total stocking rates.The sea fishery Room, Shandong Province on September 25 in 2009 invites the relevant expert that onsite acceptance has been carried out in test, randomly draw a pond 6 and survey product, its result is as follows: the secondary loach per mu yield of the nuisanceless big squama 522kg that culture in pond 6, the long 18.71cm of average body, average cabrage 28.5g, body colour is bright-coloured, and neat specification is active healthy.Cultured 72 mu of loach in 2009 altogether, surplus 4.30 tons of the gross yields, the gross output value 1,290,000 yuan, 680,000 yuan of gross profits, average yield per mu 597kg surplus the average mu profit 8300 yuan, has obtained good economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Circulating water treatment effect: water inlet of fresh water scale pond 6 ecological cultivation systems and the comparative analysis of draining matter index; pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen have raise respectively beyond 0.37%, 58.69%, 21.61%; all the other indexs all decrease, COD17.01%, nitrite 20.00%, nitrate 4.59%, total nitrogen 25.64%, phosphate 16.67% and total phosphorus 46.24%.Pond 6 backwater indexs all reach groundwater quality III class water supply standard.
The water-saving consumption-reduction test effect is analyzed: what adopted in 2008 is traditional type mode aquaculture model, and what adopted in 2009 is scale pond 6 ecologic breeding patterns.With the measurement index of exploiting groundwater as water saving, with the measurement index of external discharge water as reduction of discharging, through gathering water, electricity consumption record material data two years, carrying out analysis result shows: through annual chain rate analysis, the comprehensive water-saving rate reaches 23%, pond 6 reduces discharging 31%, a year power saving rate is 7.18%.
In sum; this embodiment has just reproduced fresh water scale involved in the present invention pond 6 ecological cultivation systems; water saving, reduce discharging, the consumption reduction effect is remarkable; realized sealing microcirculation breed; be fishery industrialization and large-scale production, a kind of technology novelty, structure uniqueness, economical and practical, workable efficient pond 6 ecological cultivation systems are provided.
Technical staff of the same trade all can be with reference to enforcement.
Claims (10)
1. fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system and method for treating water, its feature comprise that cultivating pool, pond waters original position dispersion treatment, pond discharge water dystopy focus on, backwater function recovery process and five parts of pond water quality compensation deals.
2. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1; it is characterized in that the water system technological process is: pond waters is put into fishes and shrimps and is carried out breeding production; apply bacteria-algae preparation and water plants simultaneously and carry out the pond in-situ treatment; because night, water pump constantly supplied water; unnecessary water enters the water plants drain ditch by the overflow-type discharge outlet; import artificial swamp; absorption through water plants; decompose; after pond dystopy such as nitrated focuses on; enter silver carp flathead pond; after filter-feeding fish is ingested, entering inlet channel, carrying out the backwater function recovery process; backwater is static by after the stop on daytime, and the backwater function is recovered.By water pump water lift at night, enter cultivating pool again, remedy the lack of water of pond evaporation, seepage, or pond water quality compensation deals such as replenishing of alleviating that anoxic carries out, dilution and oxygenation, formed a circulation, go round and begin again, realized recycling of breeding water.
3. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that cultivating pool is used for the culturing economic fish, cultured fishes are not less than 500kg/ mu.The pond alongst, end pond surface water inlet, other end pond bottom is by the draining of overflow-type discharge outlet.Adopt way of supplying water in parallel between the Chi Yuchi, each pond is separate, is convenient to disease and isolates and prevention and control.
4. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that pond waters original position dispersion treatment is to place the bacterium algae that applies or append in floating band of water plants and the water body by the pond water surface to carry out the pond water quality regulation and control.
(1) the floating band of water plants is the square bamboo pole frame that is bundled into by bamboo pole, interior placement fluitante, and be fixed on nylon rope on the timber of Chi Geng, one or several adopts the horizontally set along the pond to the floating band of water plants in the pond, masked area is less than cultured area 6%, fluitante or Eichhornia crassipes (Echhornia crassipes) or big algae (Pistia stratiotes), its biomass is less than 20kg/m
2Gathered once in per 5～10 days, the amount of gathering is 1/4 of the whole plant numbers of bamboo pole frame at every turn, should not surpass 1/3 at most.
(2) bacterium is the microorganism formulation that adopts, and the bacterial classification that microorganism formulation is mainly selected has swamp Rhodopseudomonas, Bacillus subtillis and EM bacterium; The strain number ACCC10649 of swamp Rhodopseudomonas is provided by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; The culture presevation numbering ATCC6051 of swamp Rhodopseudomonas, basis microbial room of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences provides.When applying or appending, or swamp Rhodopseudomonas, or Bacillus subtillis, or the compound bacteria of two kinds of bacterium.The viable count of swamp Rhodopseudomonas and Bacillus subtillis is 3.0 * 10
9With 3.0 * 10
8Cfu/mL.Using method: (V/V) concentration of splashing is 5 ‰ and 0.5 ‰, and 10～15 days once.Perhaps adopt EM liquid, splash 15 days once, concentration is 1.5kg/ mu, and when appending, 30 days once.
(3) the algae kind is that what to adopt is the four tail grid algaes (Scenedesmus quadricauda) and the chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorella vulgari) of Chlorophyta, and the bacterium number is 1.89 * 10
6With 1.5 * 10
6Cfu/mL all has aquatile research institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences algae kind storehouse to provide.Using method: (V/V) concentration of splashing is 1.0 * 10
6, apply and append be 30 days once; Bacterium algae or use separately, or use simultaneously.
5. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1; it is characterized in that the water plants drain ditch is the drain ditch that the pond discharge water compiles artificial swamp; play a part to dredge cycle water and pond water conservation; be provided with round cultivating pool in blocks periphery; drain ditch or the lower reed (Phragmites communis) of plantation cover degree; or the floating band of water plants is set, to purify the pond discharge water.
6. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1; it is characterized in that it is that the pond discharge water is pooled to artificial swamp by the drain ditch that pond discharge water dystopy focuses on; the artificial swamp that artificial swamp is formed, connected by several individual emergent aquactic plant in blocks; its form can be divided into surperficial stream, undercurrent type and vertical current constructed wetland; during design, or adopt single or two or more form combined artificial wetland forms.Wherein emergent aquactic plant is chosen as the stem or leaf of cattail (Typha angustifolia), lotus rhizome (Nelumbo uncifera) or reed (Phragmites communis).Common form has: single type has underflow type artificial wet land, surface current artificial wetland; Complex form has: vertical current constructed wetland-surface current artificial wetland-underflow type artificial wet land.
7. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1; it is characterized in that silver carp flathead pond is to put filter-feeding fish in a suitable place to breed; with the protozoa, plankton, cladocera, the copepoda animal that remove in the backwater, and organic debris, further purifying water body.Filter-feeding fish is mainly selected silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead (Aristichthys nobilis) and Plagiognathops microlepis (Plogiognathops microlepis bleeker), always carries the fish biomass less than 50kg/ mu.
8. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that the backwater function recovery process is: backwater flows to a water surface broad, inlet channel that Chi Shui is darker by silver carp flathead pond hidden pipe, by precipitation, after static stop self-purification in 14 hours is handled, the dissolved oxygen compensation and the functional rehabilitation of backwater, inlet channel is put a spot of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) in a suitable place to breed; Total shrimp biomass that carries is less than 5kg/ mu.
9. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1; it is characterized in that the pond water quality compensation deals are axial-flow pumps that inlet channel is provided with low lift, low energy consumption, big flow; contain the characteristics that oxygen is low, fish easily raise the nose above water to breathe according to Chi Shui close to daybreak; night 23:00; open the water pump water lift; to m seq 7:00 termination of pumping; the person in charge is assigned in each pond by arm by water inlet; to the pond evaporate, the compensation of seepage; and the dilution of water body and exchange, realized batch (-type) microcirculation breed like this.
10. according to the fresh water scale pond ecological cultivation system described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that the water source: based on river water source, the phreatic well water source is auxilliary.River water source need just be handled through tulle, and the irrigated area, river is provided with from drain ditch, pond initial end, is convenient to the drain ditch desilting.
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