CN108040932A - A kind of fish-cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of fish-cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040932A CN108040932A CN201711331993.0A CN201711331993A CN108040932A CN 108040932 A CN108040932 A CN 108040932A CN 201711331993 A CN201711331993 A CN 201711331993A CN 108040932 A CN108040932 A CN 108040932A
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- fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of fish-cultivating method, and this method comprises the following steps：1) cage culture is carried out in pond, mating fish excrement recovery system and the mating assembling shifting method bottom blowdown water of assembling recycles fish excrement, the sewage and deposit of effective discharge bottom of pond from the system of overflowing below net cage；Reduce the pollution of fish excrement and residual bait to water body；2) oxygen increasing equipment is equipped with outside cage culture area, promotes levels and surface water flowing, increases water body dissolved oxygen；3) with floating bed planting aquatic plants, net cage carries out the breeding of pond culture wetland and combines outside, realizes fish and vegetable symbiotic, biological cleaning water quality；4) science is breeded fish using innovation " seven words " scientific culture pattern：I.e.：Water, kind, material, it is anti-, point, mixed, work；The application changes aqiuculrue facility at this stage, innovation cultivation New Equipment Engineering, and carries out scientific design and science layout, implements the polytechnic science assembling such as physics, biological cleaning, is combined with ecological environmental-protection cultivation technology, realize integrated innovation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cultural methods, are specially that a kind of science fish-cultivating method with low-carbon, environmental protection replaces tradition cultivation skill
Art.
Background technology
The technology initial time breeded fish is more early, and the freshwater cage aquaculture in China starts from the 1970s, in recent years
There is significant progress, have fish culture in net pen in large, medium and small type lake, power generation reservoir, in the river of some unhurried currents even swimmer's pool
Also fish culture in net pen is being carried out in the pool.The larger waters of the general area of fish culture in net pen technology common ground point selection, the reservoir that such as generates electricity,
Lake etc. can carry out fish culture in net pen, and larger deep water pond of the preferable river of some conditions, area etc. may also set up net cage.In order to
Obtain preferable culture efficiency, should generally select it is water-bed it is flat, stormy waves is smaller, water level is stablized relatively, the depth of water is in more than 3.5m, water
Source is sufficient, the pure and fresh free of contamination place of water quality.The set-up site of net cage should try one's best away from heavy traffic navigation channel waterborne and industrial and mineral
The sewage draining exit of enterprise.It should also be noted that the public security environment on the regional periphery of cultivation is good, has a good transport and communication network, fingerling and feed resource convenience,
It puts numerous fingerling of high-quality morning in a suitable place to breed, catches up with annual growth most thermophilic season.Carnivorous fry, fingerling are cultivated, to prevent that big fish swallowing little fish,
It is sieved by different size within 7-10 days, makes seed size neat, the speed of growth is consistent, and survival rate improves.To make full use of pond
Pool Water space plays the mutual reciprocity and mutual benefit between breed variety, and after main foster kind is determined, should suitably arrange in pairs or groups mixed breeding kind, can
By 82:18 arrange in pairs or groups.Safety, nutrition, efficient mixed feed are fed, shortens the marketable fish culture-cycle, raises together kind to filter
Based on feeding fish, you can increase total fish catches, it can be with regulating water quality.In kind is raised together, can also it arrange in pairs or groups a small amount of more foster than main
The small predacious fish of description (such as largemouth bass, mandarin fish) controls wild fishes quantity using it, while harvests good water
Product.
Reduce feed coefficient and aquaculture cost, bionomic control fish disease, it is ensured that fish quality, the sale of fishery -ies product are suitable
Smooth etc., custom is periodically fed in traditional aquaculture model, in default of science and technology, such as in sun-drenched afternoon, discovery fish
It ingests and slowly moves about, check that pH is up to 9.0 in water, because of pH rises 1, have that virose non-ionic ammonia is dense to cross increasings, toxicity increasing
Add 10 times or so, not only inhibit fish growth, fish large quantities of death are caused when serious, heavy losses is caused to peasant household, therefore 1 should be shifted to an earlier date
Hour oxygenation adjusts Feeding time, when particularly dissolved oxygen is less than 3mg/L, easily by parasite, bacteria attack, fish body is immunized
Function reduction, fish disease occur, and not only fish is slow-growing, and feed coefficient is high, serious also to cause fish dead, cause great damage
It loses.These are all a lack of the consequence that science is breeded fish.
The content of the invention
The present invention is exactly to be directed to more than technical problem, and tradition can be improved by, which providing, feeds fish mode, utilizes the online energy of modern water quality
Monitoring system is monitored water quality indices, and foundation is provided for Scientific Regulation water quality, is supported with pond transformation is energy-efficient
System is grown, reduces water pollution, a kind of fish-cultivating method for realize ecology, efficiently cultivating.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of fish-cultivating method, this method comprise the following steps：
1) cage-farming is carried out in pond, mating assembling fish excrement recovery system and mating assembling shifting method below net cage
It arranges at bottom
Sewage recycles fish excrement, the effective sewage and deposit for discharging bottom of pond from the system of overflowing；Reduce fish excrement and residual
Pollution of the bait to water body；The fish excrement recovery system refers to Feeding-cage fish body excreta mechanization extraction system device,
The device in Publication No. CN 101946736A can be used.Its buoyant device floats on water by the fixed frame fixation at the top of net cage
Face, net cage and fish excrement collector are connected respectively with buoyant device, and fish excrement collector bottom is provided with irony funnel, and irony funnel leads to
It crosses pumping soil pipe and is connected with taking out excrement machine, vibration retaining ring is provided on fish excrement collector, vibration rope is connected on the vibration retaining ring.Profit
The fish excrement in fish excrement collector is extracted with excrement machine is taken out, pumping excrement is efficient, cost reduction, extracting mechanization and automation
Degree higher, very convenient to the maintenance of taking out excrement machine, the liquid dung extracted out is instant to be handled by liquid dung piece-rate system, is supported
Growing net cage and fish excrement collector and organically separate makes that cage culture is more environmentally-friendly, cultivates more healthy, science；It is biologic float bed
Collocation make aquaculture net cage obtain biology purified treatment, constitute a perfect environment-friendly type aquiculture net cage system.It moves
The fish excrement removed can turn waste into wealth as the organic fertilizer of flowers and fruits vegetable etc., realization.
The shifting method bottom blowdown water refers to that, in aquaculture pond bottom installation sewage disposal facility, sewage disposal facility includes from the system of overflowing
There is certain gradient in the bottom of pond of aquaculture pond, then the lowest part at pool bottom is provided with sewage draining exit, is provided at sewage draining exit
Anti-escape network, pond main body are connected by the sewage draining exit of bottom of pond with blowdown pipelines, are then provided in the one side of aquaculture pond solid
Liquid separate tank, the water outlet end of blow-off pipe are connected in the middle part of solid-liquid separation tank and top, and solid-liquid separation tank bottom is provided with band and cuts
The only solid content blow-off pipe of valve, solid-liquid separation tank top are provided with sewage supernatant drainpipe, and sewage supernatant drainpipe passes through
Pipeline is connected with artificial swamp.Drainage can keep upper strata dissolved oxygen height here, discharge bottom culture deposit and sewage, reach clear
Silt effect.Good growing environment is created for fish, peasant household continues healthy aquaculture to realize, it is ensured that quality safety lays the first stone.It is flat
The foul drainage system at bottom of pond for culture described in Publication No. CN102696534A can be used from the system of overflowing for shifting method bottom blowdown water.
1) it is equipped with oxygen increasing equipment in cage culture area and carries out compound oxygenation, promotes levels and surface water flowing, increase
Water body dissolved oxygen；Feeding time and feeding rate are adjusted according to the concentration, pH value and intensity of illumination of breeding water body dissolved oxygen；Oxygen increasing equipment
Including micro-pore oxygenation machine (or surge machine), impeller automatic aerator and water-mill oxygen increasing machine, three kinds of machines are individually or in parallel, collectively promote
Lower floor and surface water flowing, increase water body dissolved oxygen.
2) with floating bed planting aquatic plants, net cage carries out the breeding of pond culture wetland and combines outside, realizes fish dish
Symbiosis, biological cleaning water quality.With biologic float bed planting aquatic plants, water nutrition, aquifer cultivation are can absorb
Filter-feeding and ominivore-fish reach water quality standard for fishery recycling.
3) science is breeded fish.First according to the situation of ingesting of the concentration of breeding water body dissolved oxygen, pH value, intensity of illumination and fish
Feeding time is adjusted, concentration, pH value, the intensity of illumination of dissolved oxygen carry out tracking measurement at any time by instrument, in the concentration of dissolved oxygen
＞ 5mg/L or pH value are fed when being 7.5~8.5, the place bait throwing in for selecting dissolved oxygen high, and bait throwing in frequency is 2-4 times, and feeding rate is
2-5%.Only in the case of dissolved oxygen abundance, the organic substance ability complete decomposition in water body, substance cycle could accelerate, have
Noxious material such as molecules of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, aldehyde ketone (anaerobic fermentation of organisms product) etc. can also be converted into nontoxic or low toxicity material.Institute
With dissolved oxygen is the most important condition of fish growth and water circulation.
The pH value of water is 7.5-8.5 used by it is cultivated, and molecules of ammonia≤0.02mg/l, the concentration of dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/
l.Cage culture is carried out, disinfection need to be passed through when new water is perfused for the first time, can just put fish in a suitable place to breed after 5-7 days lack of toxicity.
It is 82 that should make main breed fish with the quantitative proportion of mixed breeding fish in the fingerling put in a suitable place to breed：18.According to the concentration of breeding water body dissolved oxygen, pH
Value and intensity of illumination adjustment Feeding time and feeding rate, should select the place bait throwing in that dissolved oxygen is high, and bait throwing in frequency is 2-4 times/day,
Feeding rate is 2-5%.
The water plant of biologic float bed plantation is water harmony dish, oenanthe stolonifera, water lily or three kinds of plant mixed plantings.
Fish put fingerling in a suitable place to breed into aquaculture pond in low temperature season winter or early spring November-March in next year then, are needed when putting in a suitable place to breed
It carries out disinfection to fingerling, is impregnated 15-20 minutes with the potassium permanganate of 3-5% saline sooks 20-30 minutes, or every cube of water of 20g/
After place into.Saline sook is to be carried out disinfection using brine, and principle makes causal organism dehydration and dead to increase osmotic pressure
It dies, there is certain disinfecting power to bacterial fungus parasite etc., potassium permanganate has the thin of strong oxidation performance oxidation causal organism
After birth, the two sterilization scope is wide, and is not easy to form drug resistance.
Most important technology is exactly that science is breeded fish in this method, and science, which is breeded fish, to be referred to using innovation " seven words " scientific culture mould
Formula, be summarised as " water, kind, material, point, mixed, anti-, work ".Wherein：Water：Fish culture water requirement water source is convenient, sufficient, the pure and fresh nothing of water quality
Pollution, meets water quality standard for fishery.Wherein, pH7.5-8.5, molecules of ammonia≤0.02mg/l, dissolved oxygen continuously for 24 hours in, whole day 24
In a hour, have 16 it is small when more than dissolved oxygen concentration have to be larger than 5mg/l, whenever remaining must not be less than 3mg/l.Only
In the case of ensureing dissolved oxygen abundance, the organic substance ability complete decomposition in water body, substance cycle could accelerate, and noxious material is such as
Molecules of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, aldehyde ketone (anaerobic fermentation of organisms product) etc. can also be converted into nontoxic or low toxicity material.So dissolved oxygen
It is the most important condition of fish growth and water circulation.However, due under the conditions of the highdensity intensive culture in pond, having put into a large amount of feedings
Expect the fish excreta generated and residual bait, cause the increase of water body organic loading, when bacterial decomposition consumes a large amount of dissolved oxygens so as to lead
Cause the easy anoxic of water body.
During cultured fishes, after dry pool dredging, by disinfection, new water can be perfused after 5-7 days, after drug toxicity disappearance
Fish can just be put in a suitable place to breed.During fish culture, the dissolved oxygen in water body can be adjusted according to the method described above, while can also be aided with micro- life
State preparation carries out water quality adjustment.
Fingerling:Putting fish in a suitable place to breed will be according to local market demand, consumption habit, weather conditions and the technical merit of itself come really
Fixed, fingerling requires disease-free and injury-free, physical health.Chosen according to factors above and put kind in a suitable place to breed, low temperature season (winter or early spring,
November-March) pond can be put into, the low fish movement intensity of water temperature is weak, when reducing fish injury, while can extend fish growth
Between.Stocking size should determine that if listing specification is 3 jin, then stocking size is at least 3 liang (yearlingses) according to listing specification
More than and, growth cycle is long, and 3 liang or so of stocking size, growth cycle is short, then properly increases.Breeding density according to listing specification,
Scheduled production and expected survival rate (aquaculture management level is affected to survival rate) are determined.Such as 3000 jin of per mu yield, on
3 jin of city's specification, survival rate 80%, then mu breeding density is 3000 ÷, 3 ÷ 80%=1250 tails.And morning is put in requirement in a suitable place to breed in the application
Numerous fingerling can reach listing specification then.Such as：Predacious fish Silurus meridionalis Chen, average up to 1-1.5 kilograms, carp is up to 0.5
Kilogram or more, grass carp is up to 1 kilogram or so.Put early-breeding seedlings kind in a suitable place to breed, predacious fish can sell then, shorten cultivation week
Phase reduces fingerling cost.When putting fingerling in a suitable place to breed, to pass through disinfection, 3-5% saline sooks can be used 20 minutes, or potassium permanganate
Every cube of water of 20g/ impregnates 15-20 minutes.
Pay attention to：First, early numerous fry：Winter, artificial greenhouse controls water temperature, and at 24-26 DEG C, parent population carried to parent population reinforced cultivating
Early 30-60 days or so maturations, than traditional early numerous fry 30-50 days；Second is that early put high-quality fingerling：It puts constitution in a suitable place to breed to strengthen, specification is big, number
The high-quality catfish kind of foot, Catch-up growth most thermophilic season are measured, innovation prime fish kind is formed one batch or two batches of marketable fish, changed 2 years
Form marketable fish history.
Material：The mixed feed that nutrition is comprehensive, meets Studies On Nutritional Requirements of Cultured Fish is fed, as predacious fish presses different growths
Stage protein requirements are 32-40%, are free of the violated additives such as hormone and antibiotic in feed, it is impossible to putrid and deteriorated.Tradition is supported
It grows to feed and follows timing, fixed point, determines matter, quantitative " four is fixed " principle, and this patent has made following change：First, it will periodically feed wound
New is flexibly to change and adjust Feeding time according to the situation of ingesting of the dissolved oxygen of breeding water body, pH, illumination and fish.General choosing
Select higher in dissolved oxygen, when concentration ＞ 5mg/L of dissolved oxygen (or aerator adjustment is opened when 1 is small in advance) or pH7.5~8.5 is thrown
Hello.The pH of water body is excessively high, pH value ＞ 9, and ammonia nitrogen toxicity enhances in breeding water body, so as to damage to cultured fishes.It second is that will
It is according to season wind vector and the other physical and chemical factor situations of change of water, the high place of selection dissolved oxygen that fixed point, which feeds innovation,
Bait throwing in.Such as intensive fish pond, fine day should be generally selected under fishpond at air port afternoon, because being acted at lower air port by wind-force, assembled
It a large amount of planktonic organisms and carries out photosynthesis, dissolved oxygen is often higher than uptake, and the levels water mixing uniformity is high, favorably
Sufficient dissolved oxygen demand and higher bait grazing rate when fish is ensured.According to different seasons and growth phase bait throwing in
Frequency is 2-4 times, and feeding rate is for 2-5% and according to weather condition and the active situation of fish were flexibly grasped at that time.
Bad weather, especially rainy days at cloudy day, dissolved oxygen is low, and fish movement is weak, can reduce and feed number and feeding volume, with
Subject to a large amount of about 80% or so fish no longer ingest after finishing.
Point：Cultivation fry kind is sieved for 7-10 days by different size in net cage, and preventing predacious fish, big fish swallowing little fish,
And individual difference is larger caused by the unevenness of ingesting that fingerling specification different band is come, and makes seed size neat, the speed of growth one
It causes, survival rate improves.Fry is from during spray forming specification fingerling, and since seed is in juvenile fish stage, metabolism is vigorous, growth
Speed is fast, can cause individual difference, and specification is uneven, and predacious fish, which also occurs that, to cut one another's throats, and fish loading amount and density increase
Easily cause anoxic, the death rate is caused to raise, less than 20%, yield is reduced survival rate of fish fry.It, need to be to seed therefore in breeding process
Carry out a point pond to raise, be greatly improved survival rate, up to 90% and more than.Its specific method for sieving is that spray breeding density is 20
Ten thousand tails/mu, it is long to very little piece when, sieve as 100,000 tails/mu, it is long to 2 cun of specifications when, sieve as 50,000 tails/mu, it is long to 3 cun of specifications
When, it sieves as ten thousand tails of 2-3/mu.When carrying out adult fish culture, breeding density is 800-1500 tails/mu.
It is mixed:To make full use of pond waters space, the mutual reciprocity and mutual benefit between breed variety are played, main foster kind is being determined
Afterwards, should suitably arrange in pairs or groups mixed breeding kind, can be by 82:18 arrange in pairs or groups.Kind is raised together based on filter-feeding fish, fish can be increased
Yield, can be with regulating water quality.In kind is raised together, can also arrange in pairs or groups a small amount of predacious fish (such as largemouth bass, mandarin fish), utilize
It controls wild fishes quantity, while harvests good aquatic products.
It is anti-:Diseases prevention (is relied mainly on prevention, prevention combination) to the immune force direction development of raising.Morbidity season is every 15- -20 day
With povidone iodine disinfection；That is 1m3 water bodys with 0.45~0.75ml (1 meter of 300~500ml of use of the water body depth of water per acre), the next day
Once, be used in conjunction 2 times, can prevent caused bleeding by bacteriums such as vibrios, Aeromonas hydrophila, tardas, gill rot, furuncle sore, corruption
The bacteriosises such as skin.Or every cube of water body probioticses 0.2g full pool spilling heads such as bacillus, fish disease can be prevented；It is fixed
(every 20-30 days) phase added in salt 200g, multidimensional to every 100 kilograms of fishes in feed
50-100g, allicin (2g) or garlic 500g mix pharmaceutical chemistry, three days as a treatment course are fed daily, to carry
High immunity and prevention bacteriosis；Carry out simultaneously it is anti-escape, take precautions against natural calamities, be antitheft etc..
Work：Mating assembly mechanical oxygenation, water-mill oxygen increasing machine, impeller automatic aerator and micro-pore oxygenation machine (or surge machine), and three
Person is used cooperatively, and the droplet that water-mill oxygen increasing machine impeller stirs adds the contact area with air, is conducive in dissolved air
Oxygen, at the same stir water due to eddy current effect can make water body surface layer occur up and down exchange, dissolved oxygen distribution it is more average；Impeller increases
The thermocline that the agitation of oxygen machine can break water body (is called thermocline for the water layer of temperature suddenly change, water body can be hindered molten
The diffusion of oxygen), become apparent water layer convection current up and down, the water body of upper strata dissolved oxygen abundance can quickly diffuse to water body lower floor, dissolved oxygen
Distribution is more average；Micro-pore oxygenation machine adds the solution plane of water body and oxygen in air by directly squeezing into air in water
Upper and lower water layer can also be carried out convection current, reach oxygen and be uniformly dissolved by product, the impetus of air；Three is used cooperatively, and can keep
The preferable dissolved oxygen condition of water body, every 15 mu of ponds are equipped with 1.5kw water-mill oxygen increasing machines, 1.5kw impeller automatic aerators and 1kw micro-pore oxygenations
Machine.Second is that periodically discharge bottom organics content is high, the sewage of easy anoxic reduces the oxygen consumption factor in water body, while upper strata adds
Note new water.Third, aquatic macrophyte is planted in water, such as water harmony dish (bengal dayflower herb), oenanthe stolonifera, water lily, utilize the light of plant
The cooperation nutriment absorbed in water body accelerates water body substance Xun Huan, increases the dissolved oxygen of water body, can be by pond area 1-3%
Area is planted.Device for feeding fish bait and bait table are installed, reduce labor intensity, convenient for management.
The method breeded fish it is engineered in further include reconstruction aquaculture pond, reconstruction aquaculture pond refers to first according to aquaculture pond
Size and the depth of water carry out erection net cage, the area of general net cage no more than the 2% of pond area, may be selected it is 1-3 meters long,
1-3 meters wide, high 1-2 meters is set up, and net cage can be installed by isosceles triangle, 10 meters of net cage spacing or more is often arranged, to prevent from throwing
Feeding material drifts out net cage and causes to waste, and defensive wall is set on net cage, which is polyethylene mesh sheet or plastic pipe on the water surface
Mesh sheet.It is mating to assemble different oxygen increasing equipments, promote levels and surface water flowing, increase water body dissolved oxygen；
The positive effect of the present invention is embodied in：
(1), pond culture drainage system has carried out scientific design and science layout, and it is comprehensive to implement physics, biological cleaning etc.
The science assembling of conjunction technology, makes pond automatic desilting, and breeding water body can be made to reduce pollution and fish disease occurs, fish capable of reducing using
Medicine reduces pollution.
(2), promote engineering to breed fish, realize mechanized operation, save labour, realize cultivation project creative management, support
It grows family and realizes and continue healthy aquaculture.
(3), science mechanization management creates good living environment for fish growth, and the day increment of adult fish reaches 5-10g,
The culture-cycle can be shortened, reduce feed coefficient, reduce aquaculture cost.
(4), the bottom sewage of discharge enters solid-liquid separation tank physical sedimentation, and bottom solid content does the organic fertilizer of crops
Material, supernatant are discharged into artificial swamp, and artificial swamp planting aquatic plants and cultivation filter-feeding fish etc. are net by physics, biology
Change, it is recycled or be discharged into irrigation canals and ditches to reach water quality standard for fishery, transforms energy-efficient cultivating system with pond, reduces water body
Ecology, efficiently cultivation are realized in pollution.
(5), the fish excrement removed can as the organic fertilizer of flowers and fruits vegetable etc., realize turn waste into wealth, it can be achieved that it is economical with
Ecological two-win.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of fish excrement recovery system in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of multiple aquaculture net cages combination；
Wherein, 1, interior net cage, 2, outer net cage, 3, buoyant device, 4, fish excrement collector, 5, night-soil collecting bucket, 6, take out soil pipe, 8, shake
Dynamic retaining ring, 9, vibration rope, 10, U-shaped connecting tube, 11, gap, 12, liquid dung separation bag, 13, water plant, 14, annular binding, 15,
Control switch, 16, connecting line, 17, liquid dung separating tank.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, it is right With reference to embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail, but the scope that this should not be interpreted as to the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to down
State embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method breeded fish, step include reconstruction aquaculture pond, solid-liquid separation tank and artificial swamp, then into aquaculture pond
Add water, put fingerling in a suitable place to breed and oxygen increasing equipment is installed.Reconstruction aquaculture pond is sets up net cage in aquaculture pond, in aquaculture pond bottom installation bottom row
Dirty facility installs fish excrement recovering system in net cage, builds solid-liquid separation tank and artificial swamp, and the four of aquaculture pond
Oxygen increasing equipment is set in week, while adds water in aquaculture pond and plants aquatic vegetable and cultivation filter-feeding fish in wetland, is being cultivated
The certainly excessive system of Chi Paishuikouchu installation shifting method bottom blowdowns water.
In June, 2011-November, double-current Yongxing town spark base：
13 mu of the pool is tested, 115, net cage is set, and net cage is a length of 1.5 meters each, 1.5 meters, 2 meters, has abundant water resources, water quality is clear
New pollution-free, irrigation and drainage are convenient, control the pH value of water as 7.5-8.5, and molecules of ammonia≤0.02mg/l, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/l.
Aerator 10.5kw is configured, is operated, cultivated 5 months according to the method in the application, converts into 2115 jin of per mu yield, per mu yield value
Reach 20366 yuan, the gross output value reaches 264752 yuan.Financing Disposition：41599 yuan of fingerling expense, 64538 yuan of fish meal, fishing
Expenses for medicine is with 7200 yuan, 6000 yuan of the electricity charge, labour cost 8000, and the pool rents 13000 yuan, and 10000 yuan of fish pond depreciation cost counts 150377 yuan.
Net profit：Total net profit subtracts infusion of financial resources expense, i.e., 114375 for the output value；Average 8798 yuan of net profit per acre.
Embodiment 2：
In April, 2009-November, Luodian county county spark ecological aquaculture cultivation company cultivation base：15 mu of the pool is tested, is set
50, net cage, net cage is a length of 2.0 meters each, 2.0 meters, 2 meters, has abundant water resources, and water quality is pure and fresh pollution-free, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, controls water
PH value for 7.5-8.5, molecules of ammonia≤0.02mg/l, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mgl.Aerator 10.5kw is configured, according to this Shen
Please in method operated, cultivated 6 months, convert into 2165 jin of per mu yield, up to 19485 yuan, the gross output value reaches per mu yield value
308513 yuan.Financing Disposition：39150 yuan of fingerling expense, 112038 yuan of fish meal, fishing expenses for medicine is with 4500 yuan, the electricity charge 7560
Member, labour cost 9600, the pool rent 15000 yuan, and 12000 yuan of fish pond depreciation cost counts 199788 yuan.Net profit：Total net profit is the output value
Subtract infusion of financial resources expense, i.e., 108723 yuan；Average 7249 yuan of net profit per acre.
This method is science mechanization management, creates good living environment for fish growth, can shorten the culture-cycle, drops
Low feed coefficient reduces aquaculture cost, increases income for raiser.The bottom sewage of discharge enters solid-liquid separation tank physics and sinks
It forms sediment, bottom solid content makees the organic fertilizer of crops, and supernatant is discharged into artificial swamp, artificial swamp planting aquatic plants and cultivation
For filter-feeding fish etc. by physics, biological cleaning, it is recycled or be discharged into irrigation canals and ditches to reach water quality standard for fishery, changes with pond
Energy-efficient cultivating system is made, reduces water pollution, realizes ecology, efficiently cultivation.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of fish-cultivating method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
1) cage culture is carried out in pond, mating assembling fish excrement recovery system and mating assembling shifting method bottom blowdown water below net cage
From excessive system, fish excrement is recycled, the effective sewage and deposit for discharging bottom of pond；Reduce the dirt of fish excrement and residual bait to water body
Dye；
2) the compound oxygenation of oxygen increasing equipment is equipped with outside cage culture area, promotes levels and surface water flowing, it is molten to increase water body
Oxygen；Feeding time and feeding rate are adjusted according to the concentration, pH value and intensity of illumination of breeding water body dissolved oxygen；
3) with floating bed planting aquatic plants, net cage carries out the breeding of pond culture wetland and combines outside, realizes fish and vegetable symbiotic, biology is only
Change water quality.
2. fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Science described in step 4) is breeded fish, institute of breeding fish
The pH value of the water used is 7.5-8.5, molecules of ammonia≤0.02mg/l, and the concentration of dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/l.
3. fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Science described in step 4) is breeded fish, for the first time
Disinfection need to be passed through when new water is perfused, can just put fish in a suitable place to breed after 5-7 days lack of toxicity.
4. according to the fish-cultivating method described in claim 1 or claim 3, it is characterised in that：Section's scholarship and self-cultivation described in step 4)
Fish refers to main breed fish with the quantitative proportion of mixed breeding fish should be made to be 82 in the fingerling put in a suitable place to breed：18.
5. fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Science described in step 4) is breeded fish, and refers to basis
Concentration and pH value the adjustment nursing time of Dissolved Oxygen in Water, concentration ＞ 5mg/L, pH value in breeding water body dissolved oxygen for 7.5~
Fish material is fed when 8.5.
6. fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Science described in step 4) is breeded fish, and refers to select
The high place bait throwing in of dissolved oxygen is selected, bait throwing in frequency is 2-4 times/day, feeding rate 2-5%.
7. fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Oxygenation is equipped in step 2) in cage culture area to set
Standby, oxygen increasing equipment includes micro-pore oxygenation machine, impeller automatic aerator and water-mill oxygen increasing machine, and three kinds of machines are individually or in parallel, collectively promote
Levels and surface water flowing, increase water body dissolved oxygen.
8. fish-cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Biologic float bed plantation described in step 3) it is aquatic
Plant is water harmony dish, oenanthe stolonifera, water lily or three kinds of plant mixed plantings.
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| CN201711331993.0A CN108040932A (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2017-12-13 | A kind of fish-cultivating method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108834982A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-20 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of multi-mode fish culture apparatus with shock-absorbing function |
| CN109618733A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-16 | 成都市农林科学院 | A kind of rice fish culture system and micro- floods and droughts rotation flow method based on the system |
| CN110024730A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-19 | 江门市澳华生物科技有限公司 | Feeding method associated with one kind of multiple aerators |
| CN110250080A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 淮阴师范学院 | A kind of pond floating circular groove recirculated water ecological cultivation system |
| CN114097689A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江海洋大学 | Automatic feeding and breeding equipment for environment-friendly deep sea breeding net cage |
| CN115067242A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-20 | 湖南湘云生物科技有限公司 | Culture system and method capable of improving yield of fingerlings or adult fishes at high temperature |
| CN115443893A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-12-09 | 河南芳捷农业发展有限公司 | Fertilizer water preparation circulation method for glass greenhouse breeding |
| CN117530209A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-02-09 | 华中农业大学 | Large-water-surface fish hoarding water hanging system and temporary raising method thereof |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108834982A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-20 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of multi-mode fish culture apparatus with shock-absorbing function |
| CN108834982B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2024-01-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Multi-mode fish farming device with shock-absorbing function |
| CN109618733A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-16 | 成都市农林科学院 | A kind of rice fish culture system and micro- floods and droughts rotation flow method based on the system |
| CN110024730A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-19 | 江门市澳华生物科技有限公司 | Feeding method associated with one kind of multiple aerators |
| CN110250080A (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-09-20 | 淮阴师范学院 | A kind of pond floating circular groove recirculated water ecological cultivation system |
| CN114097689A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-01 | 浙江海洋大学 | Automatic feeding and breeding equipment for environment-friendly deep sea breeding net cage |
| CN114097689B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-11-25 | 浙江海洋大学 | Automatic feeding and breeding equipment for environment-friendly deep sea breeding net cage |
| CN115067242A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-20 | 湖南湘云生物科技有限公司 | Culture system and method capable of improving yield of fingerlings or adult fishes at high temperature |
| CN115443893A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-12-09 | 河南芳捷农业发展有限公司 | Fertilizer water preparation circulation method for glass greenhouse breeding |
| CN117530209A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-02-09 | 华中农业大学 | Large-water-surface fish hoarding water hanging system and temporary raising method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180518 |