CN101869086A - Environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps - Google Patents
Environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps Download PDFInfo
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- CN101869086A CN101869086A CN201010222454A CN201010222454A CN101869086A CN 101869086 A CN101869086 A CN 101869086A CN 201010222454 A CN201010222454 A CN 201010222454A CN 201010222454 A CN201010222454 A CN 201010222454A CN 101869086 A CN101869086 A CN 101869086A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selection of a pond; (2) pond layout, (3) stocking of fish seedlings, (4) fodder and feeding and (5) water quality control and daily management. Compared with the prior art, the pond culture mode for the black carps consists of a main culture pond and an auxiliary culture pond, wherein the main culture pond mainly cultures adult black carps, the auxiliary culture pond mainly cultures black carp seedlings and filter-feeding fishes, and the auxiliary culture pond can consist of a plurality of ponds; emerging plants, floating plants and the like in a certain ratio are collocated in the auxiliary culture pond to absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body, and the water quality control is performed by combining a micro-ecological preparation during culture so as to primarily realize per se ecological purification and autogenous cycle of the culture water body; and the new culture mode of the invention can promote healthy and sustainable development of the black carp culture industry and quicken the transformation and upgrade of the traditional black carp culture mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, more specifically relate to a kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps.
Background technology
Black carp is as one of " four large Chinese carps ", and culturing area is extensive in China, is the famous-brand and high-quality preferably kind of culture benefit in large fresh-water fishes.For health, the sustainable development that promotes the black carp aquaculture, accelerate traditional black carp aquaculture model upgrading transition, the environmentally friendly aquaculture model of promotion and application black carp is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to deficiency, a kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps is provided at the prior art existence.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has taked following technical scheme:
A kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps comprises the steps:
1, the pond is selected;
2, pond layout;
3, fingerling stocking;
4, feed and throwing something and feeding;
5, regulating and controlling water quality and daily management.
In the technique scheme, the pond is chosen as: the pond is made up of main fishpond and auxilliary fishpond, and its area ratio is 2: 3～1: 1; The pond requires near the water source, advances draining conveniently, energising and land and water transportation facility; Be advisable with 10-20 mu in the main pond of supporting, depth of water 1.6-2.2 rice, and the secondary pond size specification of supporting can differ, and also can be made up of a plurality of ponds, and the depth of water all can at 1.5-2.0 rice; Mud all should not surpass 20cm at the bottom of the pond; The pond should be equipped with the oxygenation facility and the water pump of 0.3kW/ mu, the compacting of pool bank.
In the technique scheme, the pond layout is: cultivating pool is made up of main fishpond and auxilliary fishpond, the main pond mean depth of water 1.8m that supports, and smooth at the bottom of the pond, silt depth should be less than 25cm; The auxilliary emergent vegetation zones such as wide reed of north side, pond embankment and thing two side portions bank planting 30-50cm or lotus root of supporting are planted fluitantes such as water water chestnut, weter hyacinth in water body central authorities by 20% kind of the water body gross area, and are separated into lumps and are evenly distributed in the pond; The main pond of supporting is identical with the secondary pond water level of supporting, and current can circulate mutually.
In the technique scheme, fingerling stocking is: main fishpond is put in a suitable place to breed by 12 mu: black carp 3325kg wherein, and average specification is the 1.25kg/ tail; Take and support silver carp 100kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Variegated carp 40kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Grass carp 70kg, average specification is the 0.5kg/ tail; The average fish loading amount of every mu of water surface is: 295kg/ mu.
Auxilliary fishpond is put in a suitable place to breed by 10 mu: black carp 1375kg wherein, and average specification is the 0.3kg/ tail; Take and support silver carp 50kg, average specification is the 0.075kg/ tail; Variegated carp 35kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Grass carp 30kg, average specification is the 0.25kg/ tail; The average fish loading amount of every mu of water surface is: 145kg/ mu; And input silver carp fingerling 20kg/ mu, variegated carp fingerling 7.5kg/ mu.
In the technique scheme, feed is main fishpond and the auxilliary fishpond expanded buoyancy manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding with throwing something and feeding, and feed coefficient is on average less than 1.5; The test fish is adopted and manually throws something and feeds, and throws something and feeds every day 2 times, and the time of throwing something and feeding is respectively and 15 points at 8, each time of throwing something and feeding was eaten up feed with 30 minutes and is advisable, and each feeding volume is according to water temperature on the same day, weather, the growing state of fish is adjusted at any time, overcast and rainyly raises or prohibits and feed by fifty percent full the throwing.
In the technique scheme, regulating and controlling water quality and daily management are: when main foster pond water quality is fertile, can make main supporting between pond and the secondary foster pond carry out the water exchange by water pump, utilize the secondary nutriment such as nitrogen in the water plants absorption water body and phosphorus in the pond water of supporting, utilize the plankton in more flower, the silver carp control water body simultaneously.In 7-9 month, used bacillus subtilis formulation or other probiotics to regulate water quality, the new water of annotating in case of necessity every 10 days.
There is the personal management in the fishpond, adheres to every day patrolling the pool 2-3 time, observes the food, water quality, disease of black carp etc., and fully carry out throw the amount of raising, change the regimen condition, disease necessary records such as a situation arises, other management is carried out according to conventional method.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, black carp pond culture pattern of the present invention is made up of main foster pond and auxilliary foster pond, and the master supports the pond based on the black carp adult fish culture, assists and supports the pond based on breed of black carp fingerling and filter-feeding fish breed, and auxilliary fishpond can be made up of a plurality of ponds; The auxilliary pond of supporting absorbs nutrients such as nitrogen in the water bodys, phosphorus by a certain proportion of emergent aquactic plant of configuration, fluitante etc., and carries out regulating and controlling water quality in conjunction with probiotics in breeding process, has tentatively realized the ecological purification of breeding water body self and circulates from body.
2, breed new model of the present invention can promote health, the sustainable development of black carp aquaculture, accelerates traditional black carp aquaculture model upgrading transition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an environmentally friendly aquaculture model structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment and Figure of description, but the present invention's scope required for protection is not limited to the related scope of embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The structural representation of present embodiment as shown in Figure 1, process of the test is as follows:
1, pond condition
4 ponds have been selected in this test altogether, are divided into 2 groups, are respectively the experimental group master and support pond (1#, 12 mu) and the auxilliary pond (2#, 10 mu) of supporting, and the control group master supports pond (3#, 12 mu) and the auxilliary pond (4#, 10.5 mu) of supporting.More than the test pond mean depth of water 1.5m, smooth at the bottom of the pond, silt depth is less than 30cm, and each pond is furnished with 1 in 3kw aerator, advances draining conveniently, the compacting of pool bank.
2, pond layout
According to environmentally friendly aquaculture model the layout transformation has been carried out in the experimental group pond, cultivating pool is made up of main fishpond and auxilliary fishpond, main pond (1#) the mean depth of water 1.8m that supports, and smooth at the bottom of the pond, silt depth should be less than 25cm; Emergent vegetation zones such as reed that auxilliary foster pond (2#) north side embankment and thing two side portions bank planting 30-50cm are wide or lotus root, plant fluitantes such as water water chestnut, weter hyacinth in water body central authorities by 20% kind of the water body gross area, and be separated into lumps and be evenly distributed in the pond; The main pond of supporting is identical with the auxilliary pond water level of supporting, and current can circulate mutually.3# and 4# do not reconstruct.
3, fingerling stocking
Put in a suitable place to breed in 1# pond (12 mu): black carp 3325kg wherein, and average specification is the 1.25kg/ tail; Take and support silver carp 100kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Variegated carp 40kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Grass carp 70kg, average specification is the 0.5kg/ tail; The average fish loading amount of every mu of water surface is: 295kg/ mu.
Situation is put in 2# pond (10 mu) in a suitable place to breed: black carp 1375kg wherein, and average specification is the 0.3kg/ tail; Take and support silver carp 50kg, average specification is the 0.075kg/ tail; Variegated carp 35kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Grass carp 30kg, average specification is the 0.25kg/ tail; The average fish loading amount of every mu of water surface is: 145kg/ mu; And input silver carp fingerling 20kg/ mu, variegated carp fingerling 7.5kg/ mu.
3# (12 mu) puts the same 1# of situation in a suitable place to breed in the pond.
4# (10.5 mu) puts the same 2# of situation in a suitable place to breed in the pond.
4, feed and throwing something and feeding
1# and the 2# pond expanded buoyancy manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, feed coefficient is on average less than 1.5; 3# and the 4# pond identical heavy property commercial feed of forage protein of throwing something and feeding.The test fish is adopted and manually throws something and feeds, and throws something and feeds every day 2 times, and the time of throwing something and feeding is respectively and 15 points at 8, each time of throwing something and feeding was eaten up feed with 30 minutes and is advisable, and each feeding volume is according to water temperature on the same day, weather, the growing state of fish is adjusted at any time, overcast and rainy by fifty percent full throw to raise or stop feed.
5, regulating and controlling water quality and daily management
In experimental group, when main foster pond water quality is fertile, can make main supporting between pond and the secondary foster pond carry out the water exchange by water pump, utilize the secondary nutriment such as nitrogen in the water plants absorption water body and phosphorus in the pond water of supporting, utilize the plankton in more flower, the silver carp control water body simultaneously.In 7-9 month, used bacillus subtilis formulation or other probiotics to regulate water quality, the new water of annotating in case of necessity every 10 days.
In the control group, do not carry out the water body exchange between 3# and 4# pond, except that regular use probiotics, mainly carry out regulating and controlling water quality by the new water of annotating.
There is the personal management in the fishpond, adheres to every day patrolling the pool 2-3 time, observes the food, water quality, disease of black carp etc., and fully carry out throw the amount of raising, change the regimen condition, disease necessary records such as a situation arises, other management is carried out according to conventional method.
6, the test period
To end of day December 25 in 2009, year-by-year has been carried out the test of two phases from beginning on January 15th, 2008 in test.
Result of the test
1, culture benefit
Carried out the yielding ability culture experiment through 2008 and 2009, synthesis result sees Table 1, from from table 1 result of the test as can be seen: the every mu of fingerling test pool (1#): output 816.1kg, FCR 1.37,10609 yuan of per mu yield values, 7982 yuan of mu costs, 2626 yuan of mu net profit; Every mu of fingerling control group (3#): output 723.7kg, FCR 1.48,9408 yuan of per mu yield values, 7276.2 yuan of mu costs, 2132 yuan of mu net profit; Every mu of adult fish experimental group (2#): output 1339.8kg, FCR 1.72,17417.5 yuan of per mu yield values, 14160.4 yuan of mu costs, 3257.1 yuan of mu net profit; Every mu of adult fish control group (4#): per mu yield 1164.9kg, FCR 2.02,15143 yuan of per mu yield values, 1333.5 yuan of mu costs, 1809.4 yuan of mu net profit.
The environmentally friendly breed of table 1 and conventional cultivation output and economic benefit
| Group | Output (kg) | Feed coefficient | Per mu yield value (unit) | Mu cost (unit) | Mu net benefits (unit) |
| Fingerling test tank (1#) | ??816.1 | ??1.37 | ??10609 | ??7982 | ??2626 |
| Fingerling contrast pond (3#) | ??723.7 | ??1.48 | ??9408 | ??7276.2 | ??2132 |
| Adult fish test tank (2#) | ??1339.8 | ??1.72 | ??17417.5 | ??14160.4 | ??3257.1 |
| Group | Output (kg) | Feed coefficient | Per mu yield value (unit) | Mu cost (unit) | Mu net benefits (unit) |
| Adult fish contrast pond (4#) | ??1164.9 | ??2.02 | ??15143 | ??13333.6 | ??1809.4 |
Fingerling and adult fish pond use every mu of net profit comparison of expanding compound feed to increase by 494 yuan and 1447.6 yuan respectively according to group, and net income ratio improves 3.6% and 9.4%.Test shows that under equal conditions traditional pond yields that test tank pond fish kind is cultured the comparison photograph improves 12.76%, and the adult fish culture comparison improves 15.01% according to the pond; Profit improves 23.17% and 80.01% respectively.
2, ecological benefits
The physical property of manufactured feed is used in test from change the black carp breed, original sinking pellet diet is all changed throw the buoyancy expanding feed, use the crude protein level of feed to bring up to 36%, thereby it is present less than 1.6 that the omnidistance feed coefficient of culturing of black carp is reduced to from original about 3.0 from original 30-32%.Calculate with every production 1000kg fresh fish, can reduce the about 61.44kg of input amount of N, reduce the about 10.8kg of input amount of P, water body N, P discharging ratio are about 40% and 36% from the source reduction.
The normal diet that sinking pellet diet that this test is thrown in and buoyancy expanding feed are all on the market to be bought, those of ordinary skills all can select as required voluntarily.
Actual conditions from test, the environmentally friendly aquaculture model of black carp is in seasons of growth such as 7-9 months, and water was changed 5-7 time in every month in conventional pond, and environmentally friendly cultivating pool changed water 3-4 time in every month, can reduce quantity of exchanged water 2-3 time/moon, average quantity of exchanged water descends 30%.
Claims (6)
1. an environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) pond is selected;
(2) pond layout;
(3) fingerling stocking;
(4) feed with throw something and feed;
(5) regulating and controlling water quality and daily management.
2. a kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pond is chosen as: the pond is made up of main fishpond and auxilliary fishpond, and its area ratio is 2: 3～1: 1; The pond requires near the water source, advances draining conveniently, energising and land and water transportation facility; Depth of water 1.6-2.2 rice is advisable in the main pond of supporting with 10-20 mu; The auxilliary pond size specification of supporting can differ, and also can be made up of a plurality of ponds, and the depth of water all can at 1.5-2.0 rice; Mud all should not surpass 20cm at the bottom of the pond; The pond should be equipped with the oxygenation facility and the water pump of 0.3kW/ mu, the compacting of pool bank.
3. a kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pond layout is: cultivating pool is made up of main fishpond and auxilliary fishpond, and smooth at the bottom of the main foster pond, pond, silt depth should be less than 25cm; The auxilliary emergent vegetation zones such as wide reed of north side, pond embankment and thing two side portions bank planting 30-50cm or lotus root of supporting are planted fluitantes such as water water chestnut, weter hyacinth in water body central authorities by 20% kind of the water body gross area, and are separated into lumps and are evenly distributed in the pond; The main pond of supporting is identical with the auxilliary pond water level of supporting, and current can circulate mutually.
4. a kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps according to claim 1 is characterized in that: fingerling stocking is: main fishpond is put in a suitable place to breed by 12 mu: black carp 3325kg wherein, and average specification is the 1.25kg/ tail; Take and support silver carp 100kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Variegated carp 40kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Grass carp 70kg, average specification is the 0.5kg/ tail; The average fish loading amount of every mu of water surface is: 295kg/ mu.
Auxilliary fishpond is put in a suitable place to breed by 10 mu: black carp 1375kg wherein, and average specification is the 0.3kg/ tail; Take and support silver carp 50kg, average specification is the 0.075kg/ tail; Variegated carp 35kg, average specification is the 0.1kg/ tail; Grass carp 30kg, average specification is the 0.25kg/ tail; The average fish loading amount of every mu of water surface is: 145kg/ mu; And input silver carp fingerling 20kg/ mu, variegated carp fingerling 7.5kg/ mu.
5. a kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps according to claim 1 is characterized in that: feed is main fishpond and the auxilliary fishpond expanded buoyancy manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding with throwing something and feeding, and feed coefficient is on average less than 1.5; The test fish is adopted and manually throws something and feeds, and throws something and feeds every day 2 times, and the time of throwing something and feeding is respectively and 15 points at 8, each time of throwing something and feeding was eaten up feed with 30 minutes and is advisable, and each feeding volume is according to water temperature on the same day, weather, the growing state of fish is adjusted at any time, overcast and rainyly raises or prohibits and feed by fifty percent full the throwing.
6. a kind of environmentally-friendly culture method for black carps according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: regulating and controlling water quality and daily management are: when main foster pond water quality is fertile, can make main supporting between pond and the secondary foster pond carry out the water exchange by water pump, utilize the secondary nutriment such as nitrogen in the water plants absorption water body and phosphorus in the pond water of supporting, utilize the plankton in more flower, the silver carp control water body simultaneously; In 7-9 month, used bacillus subtilis formulation or other probiotics to regulate water quality, the new water of annotating in case of necessity every 10 days;
There is the personal management in the fishpond, adheres to every day patrolling the pool 2-3 time, observes the food, water quality, disease of black carp etc., and fully carry out throw the amount of raising, change the regimen condition, disease necessary records such as a situation arises, other management is carried out according to conventional method.
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102124972A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-07-20 | 山东省淡水水产研究所 | Fresh water scale pond ecological breeding system |
| CN103931541A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2014-07-23 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Functional pond for culturing mass freshwater fishes |
| CN104351091A (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2015-02-18 | 颍上县润海畜禽养殖有限公司 | Black carp breeding technology |
| CN104582475A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-04-29 | 卢卡国际贸易有限公司 | Mixotrophic method of aquaculture |
| CN104663550A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-03 | 汕头市海洋与水产研究所 | Method for adjusting and controlling aquatic water of prawn aquaculture |
| CN104969884A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-10-14 | 黄生文 | Black carp fry breeding method |
| CN105638528A (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2016-06-08 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Environment-friendly ecological breeding method for megalobrama amblycephala |
| CN105684981A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-22 | 河南金尚德源生态科技有限公司 | Lotus and fish ecological symbiotic pond and use method thereof |
| CN106135099A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-23 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of Ctenopharyngodon idellus cultivation |
| CN106259075A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of Siniperca chuatsi pond flowing water culture |
| CN106259072A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of Siniperca chuatsi ecologic breeding |
| CN106259070A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of Ctenopharyngodon idellus pond flowing water culture |
| CN106259096A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 西双版纳傣泐振宇农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Ctenopharyngodon idellus |
| CN106305526A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 合肥申仁养殖有限公司 | Culture method with effect of reducing sporozoosis of black carps |
| CN107410140A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-12-01 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A kind of pond ecological industrialization circulating water cultivation and cleaning system |
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| CN102124972A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-07-20 | 山东省淡水水产研究所 | Fresh water scale pond ecological breeding system |
| CN104582475A (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-04-29 | 卢卡国际贸易有限公司 | Mixotrophic method of aquaculture |
| CN103931541A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2014-07-23 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Functional pond for culturing mass freshwater fishes |
| CN103931541B (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-07-15 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Functional pond for culturing mass freshwater fishes |
| CN104351091A (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2015-02-18 | 颍上县润海畜禽养殖有限公司 | Black carp breeding technology |
| CN104663550A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-03 | 汕头市海洋与水产研究所 | Method for adjusting and controlling aquatic water of prawn aquaculture |
| CN104663550B (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2017-09-29 | 汕头市海洋与水产研究所 | A kind of prawn culturing water body regulates and controls method |
| CN104969884A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-10-14 | 黄生文 | Black carp fry breeding method |
| CN105638528A (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2016-06-08 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Environment-friendly ecological breeding method for megalobrama amblycephala |
| CN105638528B (en) * | 2016-01-31 | 2018-04-03 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of environmentally friendly megalobrama amblycephala ecological cultivation method |
| CN105684981A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-22 | 河南金尚德源生态科技有限公司 | Lotus and fish ecological symbiotic pond and use method thereof |
| CN105684981B (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2018-08-10 | 河南金尚德源生态科技有限公司 | A kind of lotus fish ecology makees pond and application method altogether |
| CN106259070A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of Ctenopharyngodon idellus pond flowing water culture |
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| CN106259075A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of Siniperca chuatsi pond flowing water culture |
| CN106259070B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-06-29 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of grass carp pond flowing water culture |
| CN106135099A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-11-23 | 滁州市南谯区长江水产良种繁育场 | A kind of method of Ctenopharyngodon idellus cultivation |
| CN106259096A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 西双版纳傣泐振宇农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of Ctenopharyngodon idellus |
| CN106305526A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 合肥申仁养殖有限公司 | Culture method with effect of reducing sporozoosis of black carps |
| CN107410140A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-12-01 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A kind of pond ecological industrialization circulating water cultivation and cleaning system |
| CN107410140B (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2023-06-23 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Pond ecological industrialized circulating water culture and purification system |
| CN110754427A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-07 | 合肥金巢生态农业有限公司 | Method for cultivating native soft-shelled turtles in lake region |
| CN113367092A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-09-10 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Automatic farming systems of adaptation multi-environment modularization |
| CN113367092B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-07-22 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Automatic farming systems of adaptation multi-environment modularization |
| CN114532283A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏海洋大学 | Murui cod shed pool matched graded culture pool and culture feeding method thereof |
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