CN114304037A - Grass carp-river crab-snail multi-nutrition-level pond system and pond culture method - Google Patents
Grass carp-river crab-snail multi-nutrition-level pond system and pond culture method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention relates to a grass carp-river crab-snail multi-nutrition level pond system and a pond culture method, wherein a pond is divided into two economic variety production areas of a grass carp culture pond and a river crab culture pond to serve as a level I utilization level of feed nutrition; the rear end of the grass carp culture pond is provided with a snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond which is used as a II-level utilization level of feed nutrition; planting submerged plants in the river crab culture pond as a III-level utilization level of feed nutrition; residual bait and excrement of the grass carp culture pond are collected and enter a snail and silver carp culture pond, and organic sediments including the residual bait and the excrement are directly taken as bait of snails to be eaten, the snails become natural bait of river crabs, and nutrient-rich substances generated by decomposition of the unused residual bait and the excrement become nutrient sources of microalgae to promote the propagation of plankton, and the biomass of the silver carps and the silver carp is formed by filtering and eating the silver carps and the silver carp; the unused nutrient-rich substances are absorbed by the submerged plants in the river crab culture pond, and the submerged plants are salvaged and put into the grass carp culture pond to be used as the bait of the grass carp.
Description
The application is a divisional application with the application date of 26.03.26.2020, the application number of 202010223233.3 and the name of construction and culture method of grass carp-river crab-snail multi-nutrition level pond system.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pond culture method, in particular to a grass carp-river crab-snail multi-nutrition-level pond system and a pond culture method.
Background
The pollution of pond culture to water is mainly from feed nutrients which are not utilized by culture organisms, and researches show that only 20-30% of nitrogen and 40-45% of phosphorus in the feed are utilized by the culture organisms, and other nitrogen and phosphorus all enter a culture environment in the forms of residual feed, excrement and dissolved state to become nutrient-rich substances causing water pollution. Therefore, the method improves the utilization rate of the feed, converts nutrient substances into biomass of cultured organisms as much as possible, reduces the proportion of the nutrients entering the surrounding environment, and is the key for solving the problem of environmental pollution of aquaculture.
Increasing the nutrition utilization level of an aquaculture ecosystem is one of effective means for improving the feed utilization efficiency, and the aquaculture pond as a closed ecosystem can prolong a food chain by putting in aquaculture organisms with different ecological niches, so that feed which is not utilized by high-nutrition-level organisms such as cultured fishes is ingested by low-nutrition-level organisms, and the low-nutrition-level organisms are used as bait of the fishes to further improve the conversion of feed nutrition to cultured objects, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the feed utilization rate. At present, the nutrition level of pond culture organisms is few, generally, the pond culture organisms are mainly cultured fishes and mixedly cultured fishes, the mainly cultured fishes are used for generating economic benefits, the mixedly cultured fishes are used for adjusting water quality, the lack of the nutrition level of the organisms in the traditional culture mode causes unsmooth material circulation and shorter food chain, the traditional pond is simple in structure, and if too many culture varieties are put in one pond, the mutual influence of different culture varieties is easily caused, so that the yield is reduced. Therefore, how to design a targeted pond facility and system according to the biological habits and nutritional requirements of culture objects is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pond culture method for improving the feed utilization rate, which prolongs a food chain by putting culture organisms with different ecological niches, so that feed which is not utilized by high-nutrition-level organisms such as cultured fishes is ingested by low-nutrition-level organisms, and the low-nutrition-level organisms are used as baits of the fishes to further improve the conversion of feed nutrition to culture objects, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the feed utilization rate.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a construction and culture method of a grass carp-river crab-snail multi-nutrition level pond system, which comprises the steps of carrying out ecological engineering transformation on a pond, dividing the pond into two economic variety production areas, namely a grass carp culture pond 1 and a river crab culture pond 2, and using the two economic variety production areas as a first-level utilization level of feed nutrition; the rear end of the grass carp culture pond 1 is provided with a snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 which is used as a II-level utilization level of feed nutrition; planting submerged plants as a III-level utilization level of feed nutrition in the river crab culture pond 2; residual baits and feces of the grass carp culture pond 1 are collected and enter a snail and silver carp culture pond 3, organic sediments including the residual baits and the feces are directly taken as baits of snails to be ingested, the snails bred in large quantities are artificially harvested to become natural baits of river crabs, and nutrient-rich substances generated by decomposition of the unused residual baits and feces become nutrient sources of microalgae to promote propagation of plankton and become silver carp and bighead carp biomass after being filtered and eaten by the silver carp and bighead carp; the unused nutrient-rich substances are further absorbed by the submerged plants in the river crab culture pond, and the submerged plants are salvaged and thrown into the grass carp culture pond 1 to serve as bait of grass carps.
Preferably, the pond is transformed into three areas, namely a grass carp culture area, a snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 and a river crab culture pond 2; the grass carp culture area comprises a water storage tank, a plurality of grass carp culture ponds 1 are arranged in the water storage tank, and water in the grass carp culture ponds 1 comes from the water storage tank and is communicated with the water storage tank through a submersible pump; the water reservoir is rectangular, one side edge of the water reservoir is correspondingly attached to the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, and the other adjacent side edge of the water reservoir is separated from the river crab culture pond 2 through the artificial wetland 6; the grass carp culture ponds 1 are distributed in the reservoir in an array manner, and the sewage collecting well 5 is arranged at a node of four adjacent grass carp culture ponds 1; the bottom of each grass carp culture pond 1 is communicated with a sewage collecting well 5; the sewage collecting well 5 is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond 3; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is approximately rectangular, and a fish blocking net 7 is arranged at the position where the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond 2; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is communicated with the river crab culture pond 2 through an ecological ditch 4; the river crab culture pond 2 is separated by a plurality of pond ridges 8, each pond ridge is provided with a notch close to the edge of the river crab culture pond 2, and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond 2, so that water flow forms a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond 2; the bottom of the region enclosed by the two adjacent pond ridges and the pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond 2 is provided with a lug boss 9.
Preferably, one side of the ecological ditch 4 is the edge of the river crab culture pond 2, and the other side is a pond ridge 8; a waterwheel aerator 10 is arranged in each grass carp culture pond 1; a plurality of waterwheel oxygen increasing machines 10 are also arranged in the river crab culture pond 2.
Preferably, the pond culture system is in a quadrilateral shape under the flat overall plane view angle; the corner part of each grass carp culture pond 1 is provided with a square cutting corner structure.
It is preferable that6 culture ponds are built by stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic and have a square cutting angle structure, the size is 15 meters multiplied by 2 meters, the cutting angle edge is 2 meters, the maximum designed water depth is 1.8 meters, and the grass carp culture ponds account for 10 percent of the total area of the system; 1 set of 2 culture ponds, wherein a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production; welding stainless steel square pipes to form a framework, using a 1.5mm stainless steel plate or a 6-8mm glass steel plate as a pool wall, and welding the stainless steel plates by spot welding; the difference between the water level inside and outside the culture pond is not more than 30cm, the bottom of the culture pond is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the slope of the bottom is reduced by 1%; a waterwheel aerator and a water pump are arranged in each culture pond, the water pump realizes the water circulation of the whole system, the 6 culture ponds are respectively provided with a particulate matter collecting pipe and a sewage collecting well, particulate matters such as fish excrement, residual feed and the like are collected to the sewage collecting well through bottom holes and pipelines of the culture ponds and then flow to the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 by means of water level difference for physical precipitation; the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond 3 is positioned at the rear end of the grass carp breeding pond, the water depth of the region is more than 3 m, and the bank slope ratio is 3:1, so that the inhabitation area of snails is increased; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 occupies 15 percent of the total area of the whole pond system; throwing spiral shell, scraping organic sediment at the bottom of pond, the throwing amount is not less than 3kg/m2The proliferated snails are harvested at regular intervals and put into a river crab culture pond to be used as bait, so that the secondary utilization of the nutrition of the feed is realized; silver carp and bighead carp are as follows: and (3) spotted silver carp: 1, filtering and feeding the algae in the water body; the river crab culture pond 2 is positioned at the rear end of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, accounts for 75 percent of the total area of the pond system, and is in a peripheral annular ditch form, the depth of the annular ditch is 1 meter, the width of the annular ditch is 3 meters, and the depth of the boss is 0.6 meter; the boss is planted with eel grass, the annular ditch is planted with elodea, the water quality is purified, rich nutrient substances in the water body are absorbed to become aquatic plant organisms, and the aquatic plant organisms are periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond, so that nutrient substances which are not ingested by grass carps return to the bodies of the grass carps; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is connected with the river crab culture pond 2 by an ecological ditch 4, the ecological ditch 4 is 6 meters wide, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the ecological ditch, and the function is to improve the transparency of water entering the river crab culture pond so as to avoid influencing the survival rate of submerged plants in the river crab culture pond.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the multi-stage utilization of the nutrition of the feed is realized, the conversion efficiency of the nutrient substances of the feed to breeding objects such as fish, crab and the like is improved through the substance circulation of the nutrients at a plurality of nutrition levels, the generation of rich nutrient substances and the proportion of the nutrient substances entering water are reduced, and the pollution of aquaculture to the environment is solved.
2) The utilization efficiency of the feed is effectively improved, and the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultured organisms is reduced;
3) the discharge of pollutants for pond culture is reduced, and the treatment cost of culture tail water is saved;
4) the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved.
5) Facilities such as the impounding reservoir, the grass carp culture pond, the ecological ditch, the river crab culture pond and the like have compact structures and ingenious design, and have wide popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan layout view of a multi nutrient utilization level pond culture system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic feed nutrient delivery;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a grass carp culture pond;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the water circulation flow direction;
FIG. 5 is a perspective layout view of a multi-nutrient utilization level pond culture system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a grass carp culture pond, 2 is a river crab culture pond, 3 is a snail and silver carp culture pond, 4 is an ecological ditch, 5 is a sewage collecting well, 6 is an artificial wetland, 7 is a fish blocking net, 8 is a pond ridge, 9 is a boss, and 10 is a waterwheel aerator;
1-1 is a water inlet of a water pump, 1-2 is a bottom hole, and 1-3 is a particle collecting pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a pond with a large area (15 mu) is used for ecological engineering transformation, the pond is divided into two economic variety production areas of a grass carp culture pond 1 and a river crab culture pond 2 according to the biological habits of culture objects, the economic variety production areas are used as a first-level utilization level of feed nutrition, the rear end of the grass carp culture pond 1 is provided with a spiral shell chub culture pond 3 which is used as a second-level utilization level of feed nutrition, and the river crab culture pond 2 is planted with submerged plants which are used as a third-level utilization level of feed nutrition. Wherein, the grass carp culture pond 1 is arranged in a water reservoir, and the water source of the grass carp culture pond comes from the water reservoir.
With reference to the figures 1 and 2, residual baits and feces in the grass carp culture pond 1 are collected and enter a snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, organic sediments such as the residual baits and the feces are directly eaten as baits of snails, the snails bred in large quantities become natural baits of river crabs through artificial harvesting, nutrient-rich substances generated by decomposition of the unused residual baits and the feces become nutrient sources of microalgae, the propagation of plankton such as the microalgae is promoted, and the biomass of the silver carp and bighead carp is formed through filter eating of the silver carp and bighead carp; the unused eutrophic substances are further absorbed by submerged plants in a river crab culture pond, the submerged plants are manually salvaged and put into a grass carp culture pond to serve as bait of grass carps, so that the multi-stage utilization of feed nutrition is realized, the conversion efficiency of the feed nutritive substances to culture objects such as fish crabs and the like is improved through the substance circulation of nutrients at a plurality of nutrition levels, the proportion of the eutrophic substances to enter a water body is reduced, and the pollution of aquaculture to the environment is solved.
The grass carp culture pond adopts an industrial culture facility, artificial feed is adopted to carry out high-density culture of grass-eating fishes, 6 culture ponds are built by stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic and have a square corner-cut structure, the size is 15 meters multiplied by 2 meters, the corner-cut edge is 2 meters, the maximum designed water depth is 1.8 meters, and the grass carp culture pond accounts for 10 percent of the total area of the system. Each 2 culture ponds are 1 set, and a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production. Stainless steel square pipes are welded to serve as a framework, 1.5mm stainless steel plates or 6-8mm glass steel plates serve as the tank walls, and the stainless steel plates are welded by spot welding. The difference between the water level inside and outside the pool is not more than 30 cm. The bottom of the pool is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the bottom slope is reduced by 1 percent. Every is bred and all installs waterwheel oxygen-increasing machine, water pump in the pond, and the water circulation of entire system is realized to the water pump, and 6 intensification pond ponds all are equipped with particulate matter collecting pipe and collection dirty well, can collect the collection dirty well with particulate matters such as fish excrement, residual feed through breeding pond bottom hole and pipeline, rely on the water head to flow to spiral shell silver carp bighead carp breed district 3 again and carry out the physics and deposit.
The snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is positioned at the rear end of the grass carp culture pondThe depth of the water in the region is deeper and is more than 3 m, the pond ridge is gentle, and the slope ratio is 3:1, so that the inhabitation area of the spiral shell is increased. The snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond accounts for 15% of the total area of the system. Throwing a large amount of snails into the pond, and scraping organic sediments at the bottom of the pond, wherein the throwing amount is not less than 3kg/m2The proliferated snails are harvested at regular intervals and put into a river crab culture pond to be used as baits, so that secondary utilization of feed nutrition is realized. Silver carp and bighead carp are as follows: and (3) spotted silver carp: 1, and filtering and feeding the algae in the water body.
The river crab culture pond 2 is positioned at the rear end of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, occupies 75 percent of the total area of the system, and is in a peripheral annular ditch form, the depth of the annular ditch is 1 meter, the width of the annular ditch is 3 meters, and the depth of the boss is 0.6 meter. The bosses are mainly planted with eel grass, the annular ditches are mainly planted with waterweed, water quality purification is carried out, rich nutrient substances in water are absorbed to become aquatic plant organisms, and the aquatic plant organisms are periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond, so that nutrient substances which are not ingested by grass carps return to the bodies of the grass carps.
The snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is connected with the river crab culture pond through the ecological ditch, is 6 meters wide, and is internally planted with emergent aquatic plants, and the main function is to improve the transparency of a water body entering the river crab culture pond so as to avoid influencing the survival rate of submerged plants in the river crab culture pond.
It should be noted that the water circulation power of the whole system is realized by using a water pump as power or by using a high-low fall way.
The following is a more specific example:
and (3) selecting 20 mu river crab culture ponds for engineering transformation, wherein the whole system is 190 meters long and 70 meters wide. 6 grass carp culture ponds are built by stainless steel, are of square-cut-angle-shaped structures, have the dimensions of 15 meters multiplied by 2 meters, have the cut-angle edges of 2 meters, have the maximum designed water depth of 1.8 meters, have the area of about 200 square meters and have the yield of 4500kg per pond. Each 2 culture ponds are 1 set, and a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production. The grass carp culture pond is constructed in a non-hardened structure, stainless steel square tubes are welded to serve as a framework, 1.5mm stainless steel plates serve as the pond wall, and the stainless steel plates are welded in a spot welding mode. The bottom of the pool is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the bottom slope is reduced by 1 percent. Every is bred and all installs waterwheel oxygen-increasing machine, water pump in the pond, and the water circulation of entire system is realized to the water pump, and 6 grass carp are bred the pondThe fish culture pond is provided with a particulate matter collecting pipe and a sewage collecting well, so that fish excrement, residual feed and other particulate matters can be collected to the sewage collecting well through the bottom hole of the culture pond and a pipeline and then flow to a snail silver carp and bighead carp culture area by means of water level difference to carry out physical precipitation. The area of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is 2.8 mu, the length is 75 m, the width is 25 m, the depth is 3 m, and the amount is 3kg/m2Throwing snails, throwing 1500 silver carps of 1.5kg and 500 bighead carps of 1.5kg, regularly harvesting the proliferated snails, and throwing the snails into the river crab culture pond as bait. The ecological ditch is 100 meters long and 6 meters wide, and emergent aquatic plants are planted. The rear ends of the ecological ditches are 4 river crab culture ponds with different areas, the river crab culture ponds are connected through pond ridge notches, circular ditches are dug around the river crab culture ponds, the water depth of the circular ditches is 1 meter, the width of the circular ditches is 3 meters, and the water depth of the bosses is 0.6 meter. The lug boss is mainly planted with tape grass, the annular ditch is mainly planted with elodea and periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond. The water body flows through the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond, the ecological ditch and the river crab culture pond in sequence, is purified by the artificial wetland and then returns to the grass carp culture pond, and the circulating flow of the system water body is realized. The water inlet of each river crab culture pond is provided with 1 water wheel aerator to promote the water circulation. Putting the crab seeds in the river crab culture pond according to 800 crab seeds/mu, wherein the yield is 80-90 kg/mu.
The scheme effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the feed and reduces the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultured organisms; the discharge of pollutants for pond culture is reduced, and the treatment cost of culture tail water is saved; the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved. Facilities such as the reservoir, the grass carp culture pond, the ecological ditch, the river crab culture pond and the like have compact structures and ingenious design.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A grass carp-river crab-snail multi-nutrition level pond system is characterized by comprising a grass carp culture area, a snail and silver carp culture pond (3) and a river crab culture pond (2);
the grass carp culture area comprises a water storage tank, a plurality of grass carp culture ponds (1) are arranged in the water storage tank, and water in the grass carp culture ponds (1) comes from the water storage tank and is communicated with the water storage tank through a submersible pump; the water reservoir is rectangular, one side edge of the water reservoir is correspondingly attached to the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3), and the other adjacent side edge of the water reservoir is separated from the river crab culture pond (2) through the artificial wetland (6); the grass carp culture ponds (1) are distributed in the reservoir in an array manner, and the sewage collecting wells (5) are arranged at the nodes of the four adjacent grass carp culture ponds (1);
the bottom of each grass carp culture pond (1) is communicated with a sewage collecting well (5); the sewage collecting well (5) is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3); the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) is approximately rectangular, and a fish blocking net (7) is arranged at the position where the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond (2); the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) is communicated with the river crab culture pond (2) through an ecological ditch (4); the river crab culture pond (2) is separated by a plurality of pond ridges (8), each pond ridge is provided with a notch at the edge close to the river crab culture pond (2), and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond (2) to enable water flow to form a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond (2); a boss (9) is arranged at the bottom of the region enclosed by the two adjacent pond ridges and a pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond (2);
the silver carp and bighead carp in the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3) are as follows: putting the bighead carps in a quantity ratio of 3: 1;
the grass carp culture pond (1) and the river crab culture pond (2) are used as I-level utilization levels of feed nutrition;
the rear end of the grass carp breeding pond (1) is provided with a snail and silver carp breeding pond (2) which is used as a feed nutrition II-level utilization level;
submerged plants are planted in the river crab culture pond (2) and serve as a III-level utilization level of feed nutrition;
the river crab culture pond (2) puts in crab seeds according to 800 per mu.
2. Pond system according to claim 1, characterized in that one side of the ecological ditch (4) is the edge of a river crab culture pond (2) and the other side is a ridge (8); a waterwheel aerator (10) is arranged in each grass carp culture pond (1); a plurality of waterwheel oxygen increasing machines (10) are also arranged in the river crab culture pond (2).
3. The pond system of claim 1, wherein the pond system planform is quadrilateral in shape from a planar perspective; the corner part of each grass carp culture pond (1) is provided with a square cutting angle structure.
4. The pond system of claim 1, wherein 6 culture ponds are made of stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic and are of a square-cut-angle structure, the sizes of the culture ponds are 15 meters by 2 meters, the cut-angle edges are 2 meters, the maximum designed water depth is 1.8 meters, and the grass carp culture ponds account for 10 percent of the total area of the system; 1 set of 2 culture ponds, wherein a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production; welding stainless steel square pipes to form a framework, using a 1.5mm stainless steel plate or a 6-8mm glass steel plate as a pool wall, and welding the stainless steel plates by spot welding;
the difference between the water level inside and outside the culture pond is not more than 30cm, the bottom of the culture pond is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the slope of the bottom is reduced by 1%; a water wheel aerator (10) and a water pump are arranged in each culture pond, the water pump realizes the water circulation of the whole system, the 6 culture ponds are respectively provided with a particulate matter collecting pipe (1-3) and a sewage collecting well (5), particulate matters such as fish excrement, residual feed and the like are collected to the sewage collecting well (5) through bottom holes (1-2) of the culture ponds and pipelines, and then flow to the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) by means of water level difference for physical precipitation;
the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3) is positioned at the rear end of the grass carp breeding pond (1), the water depth of the region is more than 3 m, and the pond ridge slope ratio is 3:1, so that the inhabitation area of snails is increased; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) occupies 15 percent of the total area of the whole pond system;
the river crab culture pond (2) is positioned at the rear end of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3), accounts for 75 percent of the total area of the pond system, and is in a peripheral annular ditch form, the depth of the annular ditch is 1 meter, the width of the annular ditch is 3 meters, and the depth of the boss (9) is 0.6 meter;
the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3) is connected with the river crab breeding pond (2) by an ecological ditch (4), and the ecological ditch (4) is 6 m wide.
5. A pond culture method with multiple nutrition level utilization levels is characterized in that the pond culture method is carried out by utilizing the grass carp-river crab-snail multiple nutrition level pond system according to any one of claims 1 to 4; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the pond is used for carrying out ecological engineering transformation, and is divided into two economic variety production areas, namely a grass carp culture pond (1) and a river crab culture pond (2) which serve as a first-level utilization level of feed nutrition;
the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3) arranged at the rear end of the grass carp breeding pond (1) is used as a II-level utilization level of feed nutrition;
submerged plants are planted in the river crab culture pond (2) and serve as a III-level utilization level of feed nutrition;
residual bait and excrement of the grass carp culture pond (1) are collected and enter a snail and silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3), organic sediments including the residual bait and the excrement are directly taken as bait of snails to be ingested, the snails bred in large quantities are artificially harvested to become natural bait of river crabs, and nutrient-rich substances generated by decomposition of the unused residual bait and excrement become nutrient sources of microalgae to promote propagation of plankton, and become silver carp and bighead carp biomass after being filtered by the silver carp and bighead carp; the unused nutrient-rich substances are further absorbed by the submerged plants in the river crab culture pond, and the submerged plants are salvaged and thrown into the grass carp culture pond (1) to be used as the bait of the grass carps;
the specification of the grass carp put in the grass carp culture pond is 0.5kg per strip, and 13500 strips are put in the grass carp culture pond in total; throwing snails into the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3), scraping organic sediments at the bottom of the pond, wherein the throwing amount is not less than 3kg/m2The proliferated snails are harvested at regular intervals and put into a river crab culture pond to serve as bait, so that secondary utilization of feed nutrition is realized, and silver carp and bighead carp are put into the pond according to the proportion that silver carp: and (3) spotted silver carp: 1, the throwing specification is 1.5 kg/strip, 2000 strips are always thrown, and the algae in the water body is filtered and eaten.
6. A pond culture method according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:
throwing snails into the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3), scraping organic sediments at the bottom of the pond, wherein the throwing amount is not less than 3kg/m2The proliferated snails are harvested at regular intervals and put into a river crab culture pond to be used as bait, so that the secondary utilization of the nutrition of the feed is realized; silver carpBighead carp is prepared from silver carp: and (3) spotted silver carp: 1, filtering and feeding the algae in the water body;
the grass is planted on the boss (9), the waterweed is planted in the annular ditch, water quality purification is carried out, rich nutrient substances in the water body are absorbed to become aquatic plant organisms, and the aquatic plant organisms are periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond to return nutrient substances which are not ingested by the grass carp to the fish body;
emergent aquatic plants are planted in the ecological ditch (4) and have the function of improving the transparency of the water body entering the river crab culture pond so as to avoid influencing the survival rate of submerged plants in the river crab culture pond.
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| CN113331100A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-03 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | River crab pond culture waste aquatic plant resource utilization system and method |
| CN114982697A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-02 | 上海海洋大学 | Multi-nutrition-level three-dimensional partition type pond culture system |
| CN115589972B (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2023-10-20 | 南京市水产科学研究所 | Snail river crab relay ecological breeding method based on pond transformation |
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