CN109984078A - Circulating water culture system in a kind of intensive pond - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an intensive pond circulating water aquaculture system, comprising a pond in which a high-density aquaculture area, a solid particle purification area and a water quality purification area are sequentially divided along the clockwise direction. The water surface area of the aquaculture area accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the entire pond, the water surface area of the solid particle purification area accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the entire pond, and the water surface area of the water purification area accounts for 75% of the entire pond water area. The water purification zone is mainly used for deep purification treatment of the relatively clean water body in the upper part of the breeding pond and the water body purified by the solid particle purification zone. The invention has high sewage collection efficiency, is not easy to scratch fish, can effectively absorb feces and residual bait, has high purification efficiency for water body, does not need to set a sewage tank on the edge of the pond, saves energy and protects the environment, and has high economic output. Can play the role of the nutritional level of the aquatic animal food chain.

Description

An intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an intensive pond circulating aquaculture system.

Background technique

Pond culture is still the most important way of aquaculture in the world, but due to its closed nature and single structure, it leads to waste of water resources, single cultured species, increasing ecological pressure, high energy consumption and labor force. high cost issues.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional pond aquaculture, the developers have designed a runway-type aquaculture module. The pond-runway-type aquaculture model has developed rapidly in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong, Shandong and other places in China in recent years. The fish cultured in the original ponds are concentrated in the rectangular flow tank for high-density farming. The air-lift push-flow device is used at the water inlet to push the water body into the flow tank, flow through the aquaculture area, and flow out from the terminal sewage collection area. , the residual feed and feces of aquaculture animals are taken away by the water flow and collected into the terminal sewage collection area, and removed by the sewage suction device. Although this mode has the characteristics of land saving, energy saving, high efficiency and emission reduction, the sewage suction device has the efficiency of sewage suction. In addition, although the purification area accounts for more than 95% of the entire water surface, there are the following problems : (1) Low sewage collection efficiency: The manure and residual bait in the runway culture pond are broken by turbulent water and fish, suspended in the water and difficult to settle. Although a sewage collection system is built, the collection efficiency of manure is only 100%. About 20/20, the collection efficiency is low; (2) The fish are unevenly distributed in the entire runway pool, and the fish are mostly concentrated at the inlet end, causing easy scratches; (3) Because a large amount of manure cannot be effectively collected, it is discharged. Enter the water body, resulting in serious eutrophication of the water body and frequent fish diseases; (4) The purification area has a simple structure, and the purification efficiency of the purification area is very low. Simply relying on the purification of silver carp and bighead fish and the adsorption of aquatic plants cannot effectively absorb the pollution in the water body. (5) The collected manure is difficult to deal with later, and a manure tank needs to be set up on the ridge, which needs to be cleaned regularly, and is prone to corruption and odor in summer and autumn, which affects the environment; (6) The economic output of the purification area is low, which cannot be used to play a role. The role of trophic levels in the aquatic animal food chain.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method with reasonable design, simple structure, high pollution collection efficiency, not easy to scratch the fish, effectively absorbing feces and residual bait, and purifying the water body. It is an intensive circulating aquaculture system in the pond that can play the role of the trophic level of the aquatic animal food chain.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:

An intensive pond circulating water culture system, comprising a pond, characterized in that, in the pond, a high-density culture area, a solid particle purification area and a water quality purification area are sequentially divided along its clockwise direction;

The water surface area of the high-density culture area accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the entire pond, the high-density culture area is mainly used for high-density culture, and at least one barrel-shaped culture pond is arranged in the high-density culture area, The bottom of the culturing pond is in the shape of a pot bottom, the upper part of the cultivating pond is provided with a clean water inlet, the middle part of the culturing pond is provided with a middle drain outlet, and the bottom of the culturing pond is provided with a sewage outlet;

The water surface area of the solid particle purification area accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the entire pond. The solid particle purification area is mainly used to purify the water body containing feces and residual bait flowing out from the high-density aquaculture area. The front end of the solid particle purification zone is provided with a front water inlet pipe, the front water inlet pipe is communicated with the sewage outlet, and a rear water outlet pipe is provided at the rear end of the solid particle purification zone; the solid particle purification zone includes a front end purification zone. The front-end purification area is arranged at the front end of the rear-end purification area, and the front-end purification area includes a suspended matter purification area and a sediment purification area. On the upper side, the suspended solids purification zone purifies the feces and residual bait of the fish that flow into its area through solid particle filter omnivorous fish purification, and the sedimentation purification zone purifies the fish that settle into its area through benthic animal purification. The faeces and residual bait of the same type are purified, and the back-end purification zone carries out adsorption and purification of small particles of suspended fish feces and residual bait through high-efficiency biological adsorption purification;

The water surface area of the water purification zone accounts for 75% of the water area of the entire pond. The water purification zone is mainly used for deep purification of the relatively clean water body in the upper part of the cultivating pond and the water body purified by the solid particle purification zone. The water quality purification area is divided into a filter omnivorous fish purification area, a shrimp and crab water quality purification area and a water distribution tank in turn along its clockwise direction. , the water inlet of the shrimp and crab water purification area is communicated with the water outlet of the omnivorous fish purification area, and a high-efficiency filter dam is arranged between the shrimp and crab water quality purification area and the water distribution pool, and the water outlet of the water distribution pool Connected with the water inlet, the omnivorous fish purification zone can purify plankton and organic debris in the water body, and the shrimp and crab water purification zone can convert nutrients in the water body into plants and animals. The high-efficiency filter dam can effectively filter the algae and suspended solids in the water body to obtain the substances required for growth and further purify the water body.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, put crucian carp and tilapia in the suspended matter purification area, and fish species such as loach and yellow-tailed carp are used to purify the excrement and residual bait of the fish that flow into the area; In the sediment purification area, put river mussels, snails and other benthic filtering animals to purify the feces and residual bait deposited in the area; in the back-end purification area, there is a display of brushes, which grow on the hair Biofilm formation between brushes is used to adsorb and purify small particles of suspended fish manure and bait residues.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, silver carp, silver carp, silver carp, sturgeon, and benthic animals are placed in the filter omnivorous fish purification area to remove plankton and organic matter debris in the water body, and the high The nutrient-grade biological filter feeds the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water body, and indirectly reduces the nutrient salt content in the water body; in the shrimp and crab water purification area, submerged plants such as elegans, bitter grass, and black algae are planted, and green shrimp is put in , river crabs, and snails and other animals, use the nutrients in the water body to convert the nutrients needed for the growth of plants and animals to achieve effective purification of the water body.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a screen for preventing fish from being discharged from the culturing tank is provided on the middle water outlet.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention is provided with a solid particle purification area, and the solid particle purification area can be used to purify the water body containing feces and residual bait flowing from the high-density breeding area, which effectively improves the breeding system. It also has a water purification area, through which the relatively clean water body in the upper part of the breeding pond and the water body purified by the solid particle purification area can be deeply purified, and the feces and residual bait can be effectively consumed. , which effectively improves the purification efficiency of the breeding system, and at the same time does not need to set up a septic tank on the edge of the pond, saves energy and protects the environment, and can play the role of the nutritional level of the aquatic animal food chain.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the flow direction structure of the water body of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-density breeding area of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a culture pond of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the solid particle purification zone of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make it easy to understand the technical means, creation features, achieved goals and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the specific figures.

Referring to Figures 1-5, an intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system shown in the figure includes a pond 10, and the pond 10 is divided into a high-density aquaculture area 100, solid particulate matter in turn along its clockwise direction. Purification zone 200 and water purification zone 300.

The water surface area of the high-density aquaculture area 100 accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the entire pond 10. The high-density aquaculture area 100 is mainly used for high-density culture, and at least one barrel-shaped culture pond 110 is arranged in the high-density aquaculture area 100. In this embodiment, eight culture ponds 110 are provided, and two or two are combined to form four groups of aquaculture areas for high-density culture, and the culture density can reach 15-50kg/m ³ water body.

The upper part of the culture pond 110 is provided with a clean water inlet 111, the middle of the culture pond 110 is provided with a middle drain 112, and the middle drain 112 is provided with a screen 112a to prevent fish from being discharged from the culture pond. The culture pond 110 The bottom 113 of the pan is in the shape of a pot bottom, a dirt collecting pit 114 is arranged on the bottom 113 of the pot bottom shape, and a sewage outlet 114a is arranged at the bottom of the dirt collecting pit 114 .

The diameter of the breeding pond 110 is generally not less than 5m, the depth of the pond is not less than 2m, and the top of the breeding pond 110 is not more than 0.4m above the water surface of the pond. Into the culturing pond 110, tangentially enters the water and establishes a hydrocyclone in the culturing pond 110, which drives the fish excrement and residual bait to collect in the sewage collection pit 114 at the bottom 113 of the culturing pond, wherein the bottom 114 of the culturing pond 110 is collected. The water body rich in feces and residual bait accounts for about 15% of the total circulation volume. The water body collected in the sewage collection pit 114 is discharged into the sewage collection tank 600 through the sewage outlet 114a and the sewage discharge pipe 500, and finally passes through the sewage collection trunk pipe 700. It flows into the solid particulate matter purification zone 200 for precipitation removal.

The relatively clean water in the upper and middle parts of the culture pond 110 is discharged from the central drain 112 into the sump 1000 through the drain pipe 900, and then into the water purification zone 300 through the drain main pipe 1100 for deep purification treatment. This part of the water body is approximately It accounts for 85% of the whole water circulation.

The water surface area of the solid particle purification zone 200 accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the entire pond 10. The solid particle purification zone 200 is mainly used to purify the water body containing feces and residual bait flowing from the high-density aquaculture zone. The front end of the purification zone 200 is provided with a front-end water inlet pipe 240. The front-end water inlet pipe 240 communicates with the sewage outlet 114a through the sewage collection trunk pipe 700. The bottom longitudinal slope of the solid particle purification zone 200 at the water inlet is generally 0.04-0.05.

The length-width ratio of the solid particle purification zone 200 is not less than 4, the effective water depth is generally not more than 3m, and the effective length is not less than 30m. A plurality of water outlet holes 241 are arranged on the side wall of the front water inlet pipe 240 and spaced along its axial direction. , water is evenly distributed to the solid particle purification zone 200 through the water outlet hole 241 , and the front water inlet pipe 240 is horizontally fixed and installed on the front end of the solid particle purification zone 200 through the bracket 260 .

The water flows into the solid particle purification zone 200 through the water outlet hole 241 evenly, and the flow rate is not too large. The total area of the water outlet hole 241 is 110-130% of the cross-sectional area of the front water inlet pipe 240. The diameter of the outlet hole is suitable for 2-3cm.

The solid particle purification zone 200 includes a front-end purification zone and a rear-end purification zone 230. The front-end purification zone is arranged at the front end of the rear-end purification zone. The front-end purification zone includes a suspended matter purification zone 210 and a sediment purification zone 220. The suspended matter purification zone 210 is provided with On the upper side of the sediment purification zone 220 .

The suspended solids purification area 210 purifies the feces and residual bait of the fish that flow into the area through solid particulate filtering for omnivorous fish purification, and puts crucian carp, tilapia, loach, yellow-tailed carp, etc. in the suspended solids purification area 210 The fingerlings purify the feces and residual bait of the fish that flow into the area. The stocking density is 200-300kg according to 667 square meters, and the size is about 50g/tail. Organic debris such as feces and residual bait, do not put bait separately, turn waste into treasure, and carry out micro-flow aquaculture.

The sediment purification area 220 purifies the feces and residual bait of the fish deposited in the area through the purification of benthic animals. The feces and residual bait are purified. The river mussels and snails are 250kg/mu each. The stocking of river mussels not only improves the biodiversity of the water environment, but also uses filter-feeding animals to control algal biomass and characteristics to achieve the goal of water purification.

The rear-end purification area 230 adsorbs and purifies the small particles of suspended fish feces and residual bait through efficient biological adsorption purification. In the rear-end purification area 230, there are brushes 231 displayed for the formation of biofilms growing between the brushes 231. It is used to adsorb and purify small particles of suspended fish feces and residual bait, thereby enhancing the removal of difficult-to-settlement suspended particles. The above measures can make the removal efficiency of feces and residual bait reach more than 80%. After the water body purified by the solid particle purification zone 200 passes through The end water pipe 250 flows into the water purification zone 300 for further purification and removal.

The water surface area of the water purification zone 300 accounts for 75% of the entire pond water area. The water purification zone 300 is mainly used for deep purification of the relatively clean water in the upper part of the culturing pond and the water purified by the solid particle purification zone.

The water purification area 300 is divided into a clockwise direction of the water purification area 310 for filtering omnivorous fish, a water purification area for shrimp and crab 320 and a water distribution tank 340. The water inlet of the filtering area for omnivorous fish 310 is connected to the main drain pipe 1100 and the rear end respectively. The water outlet pipe 250 is connected, the water inlet of the shrimp and crab water purification area 320 is connected with the water outlet of the omnivorous fish purification area 310, and a high-efficiency filter dam 330 is arranged between the shrimp and crab water quality purification area 320 and the water distribution pool 340. The water outlet of the pool 340 communicates with the clean water inlet 111 .

The filter omnivorous fish purification zone 310 can purify plankton and organic debris in the water body, and its area accounts for 40-50% of the water purification zone, and the water depth is controlled at 2-2.5m. Silver carp, silver carp, and silver carp are placed within 310 to filter omnivorous fish and benthic animals to remove plankton and organic debris in the water body, and to filter the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water body through high-trophic-level biological filtering, and indirectly reduce the amount of water in the water body. nutrient content.

The shrimp and crab water purification zone 320 can convert the nutrients in the water body into substances required for the growth of plants and animals, and its area accounts for 50-55% of the water purification zone, and further purifies the water body. The high-efficiency filter dam can clean the water body. The algae and suspended solids in the water are effectively filtered. The water depth of the shrimp and crab water purification zone 320 is controlled at 0.6-1.2m, and the submerged plants such as elegans, bitter grass, and black algae are planted in the shrimp and crab water purification zone 320. Shrimp, river crabs, and snails and other animals use the nutrients in the water body to convert the nutrients needed for the growth of plants and animals to achieve effective purification of the water body, thereby turning waste into treasure. The output of shrimp and crab is controlled at 25kg/mu without feeding.

Most of the pollutants in the water body after being purified by the shrimp and crab water purification zone 320 have been removed, and the water body contains a small amount of algae and suspended solids, and then enters the biological high-efficiency filter dam 330 for deep filtration removal. The filtered water body 330 flows into the water distribution tank 340, and finally the deeply purified water body in the water distribution tank 340 is lifted into the culture tank 110 by the pump 400, so as to realize the recycling of the water body.

In summary, the present invention is provided with a solid particle purification area, through which the solid particle purification treatment can be performed on the water body containing feces and residual bait flowing out of the high-density breeding area, which effectively improves the pollution collection of the breeding system. Efficiency; there is also a water purification zone, through which the relatively clean water body in the upper part of the breeding pond and the water body purified by the solid particle purification zone can be deeply purified, and the feces and residual bait can be effectively absorbed. The purification efficiency of the aquaculture system is improved, and at the same time, there is no need to set a septic tank on the edge of the pond.

The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. a circulating water culture system in an intensive pond, comprising a pond, it is characterized in that, in the described pond, along its clockwise direction, there are successively high-density cultivation areas, solid particle purification areas and water purification areas; The water surface area of the high-density culture area accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the entire pond, the high-density culture area is mainly used for high-density culture, and at least one barrel-shaped culture pond is arranged in the high-density culture area, The bottom of the culturing pond is in the shape of a pot bottom, the upper part of the cultivating pond is provided with a clean water inlet, the middle part of the culturing pond is provided with a middle drain outlet, and the bottom of the culturing pond is provided with a sewage outlet; The water surface area of the solid particle purification area accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the entire pond. The solid particle purification area is mainly used to purify the water body containing feces and residual bait flowing out from the high-density aquaculture area. The front end of the solid particle purification zone is provided with a front water inlet pipe, the front water inlet pipe is communicated with the sewage outlet, and a rear water outlet pipe is provided at the rear end of the solid particle purification zone; the solid particle purification zone includes a front end purification zone. The front-end purification area is arranged at the front end of the rear-end purification area, and the front-end purification area includes a suspended matter purification area and a sediment purification area. On the upper side, the suspended solids purification zone purifies the feces and residual bait of the fish that flow into its area through solid particle filter omnivorous fish purification, and the sedimentation purification zone purifies the fish that settle into its area through benthic animal purification. The faeces and residual bait of the same type are purified, and the back-end purification zone carries out adsorption and purification of small particles of suspended fish feces and residual bait through high-efficiency biological adsorption purification; The water surface area of the water purification zone accounts for 75% of the water area of the entire pond. The water purification zone is mainly used for deep purification of the relatively clean water body in the upper part of the cultivating pond and the water body purified by the solid particle purification zone. The water quality purification area is divided into a filter omnivorous fish purification area, a shrimp and crab water quality purification area and a water distribution tank in turn along its clockwise direction. , the water inlet of the shrimp and crab water purification area is communicated with the water outlet of the omnivorous fish purification area, and a high-efficiency filter dam is arranged between the shrimp and crab water quality purification area and the water distribution pool, and the water outlet of the water distribution pool Connected with the water inlet, the omnivorous fish purification zone can purify plankton and organic debris in the water body, and the shrimp and crab water purification zone can convert nutrients in the water body into plants and animals. The high-efficiency filter dam can effectively filter the algae and suspended solids in the water body to obtain the substances required for growth and further purify the water body. 2. a kind of intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: throw in crucian carp, tilapia in described suspended matter purification district, fish fingerlings such as loach, yellow-tailed carp are to inflow. To purify the feces and residual bait of fish in its area; put river mussels, snails and other benthic filtering animals in the sediment purification area to purify the feces and residual bait deposited in this area; There is a display of brushes in the rear-end purification area, and the biofilm growing between the brushes is used to absorb and purify small particles of suspended fish manure and residual bait. 3. a kind of intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: throw silver carp, silver carp, sturgeon to filter omnivorous fish and benthic animals in the described filter omnivorous fish purification zone The plankton and organic debris in the water body are removed, and the phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water body are filtered through high-trophic-grade biological filtration, thereby indirectly reducing the nutrient content in the water body; in the shrimp and crab water purification area, plant elegans , bitter grass, black algae and other submerged plants, put in green shrimp, river crabs, etc., and snails and other animals, and use the nutrients in the water body to convert the substances needed for the growth of plants and animals to achieve effective purification of the water body. 4. An intensive pond circulating aquaculture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a screen is provided on the middle drain to prevent fish from being discharged from the aquaculture pond.