CN109864018B - High-yield and high-efficiency culture method for tilapia in heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water - Google Patents
High-yield and high-efficiency culture method for tilapia in heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield and high-efficiency culture method of tilapia in a heat-preservation greenhouse pond by circulating water, which is characterized in that based on the covering and heat preservation of a large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse, high-efficiency biological filter tanks are constructed on ridges at two longitudinal sides of a culture pond, biological filter materials are filled in the biological filter tanks, aquatic plants are planted on the surface layers of the filter materials, the side of a pond water outlet is extracted by a pump and conveyed by a pipeline, and the bottom water of the pond is sent into the high-efficiency biological filter tanks, so that the water body is purified and flows back to the pond from the pipeline at the side of the pond water inlet, and; the aquaculture ponds are respectively provided with an aerator, covering the functions of high-efficiency oxygenation, sterilization and disinfection of aquaculture water bodies; the use of the large-scale intelligent feeding and oxygen increasing system realizes the automation of the feeding management in the breeding production. The invention adopts the high-efficiency biological filter tank to circularly treat the water quality in the pond, the water quality treatment effect is good, and the culture method of the invention has reasonable design and improves the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-yield and high-efficiency culture method for tilapia in a heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water.
Background
At present, the tilapia breeding industry generally faces the bottleneck of safe overwintering. The construction of the heat-preservation greenhouse is an effective method for safe overwintering of tilapia, but the heat-preservation greenhouse also has the problems of relatively closed space in the greenhouse, insufficient dissolved oxygen in culture water, easy deterioration of water quality and the like, so that the improvement of the overwintering culture yield and benefit of the heat-preservation greenhouse is restricted.
The published documents have reports of tilapia breeding by circulating water, but in the technical schemes of the breeding, the treatment process of the circulating water is relatively complex, the breeding method is not reasonable enough, and the economic benefit is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method adopts the efficient biological filter tank to circularly treat the water quality in the heat-preservation greenhouse pond, has a good water quality treatment effect, is reasonable in design, improves economic benefits, and solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-yield and high-efficiency culture method for tilapia in a heat-insulating greenhouse pond by using circulating water comprises constructing high-efficiency biological filter tanks for treating water in the pond on pond ridges at two longitudinal sides of the pond, covering a large-span flexible heat-insulating greenhouse on the pond, matching an aerator and a feeding aeration system with the pond,
the efficient biological filter tank comprises a tank body, wherein the tank body comprises a filtering section tank body and a precipitation section tank body positioned behind the filtering section tank body, the front end of the filtering section tank body is provided with a water inlet, the precipitation section tank body is provided with a water outlet, a plurality of upper guide plates and lower guide plates are arranged in the filtering section tank body at intervals in a crossed mode, a filtering medium is filled in the filtering section tank body, and the filling height of the filtering medium is 2/3 of the height of the filtering section tank body; aquatic plants are planted on the filter medium in the filtering section tank body;
pumping and pipeline conveying are carried out on the side of the pond water outlet, and the pond bottom water is conveyed into the high-efficiency biological filter tank, so that the water body is purified and flows back to the pond from the pipeline on the side of the pond water inlet, and the biological circulation purification treatment of the water body in the aquaculture pond is realized.
The high-yield and high-efficiency culture method of tilapia in the heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water comprises the following steps:
A. a intercropping mode: adopting a mode of mainly breeding tilapia and intercropping silver carps and bighead carps;
B. and (3) seedling cultivation: putting the fries into the pond every 6 months, wherein the average specification of the fries of the tilapia is 2.1-2.2cm, the stocking amount is 2.1-2.2 ten thousand fish/mu, and 100 silver carp and bighead carp per mu are intercropped, wherein: 70 silver carps/mu and 30 bighead carps/mu with the specification of more than 15 cm; the 6-11 months are the fry breeding stage, the 12-3 months in the second year are the overwintering breeding stage, and the 4-9 months in the second year are the adult tilapia breeding and other fish breeding stages;
C. cultivation management: the fry breeding and adult fish culture are carried out according to the technical regulation DB 46/T130-2008 of the Geofiluo fish culture.
The specific method for overwintering cultivation of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) overwintering period: the pond overwintering greenhouse, namely the large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse is laid before 12 months every year, and the 3 months from the 2 nd year is the overwintering greenhouse cultivation stage;
(2) controlling water level and water temperature: the water level of the overwintering greenhouse pond is controlled to reach the highest water level of the pond as far as possible, and the water temperature is controlled to be 12-30 ℃;
(3) water quality regulation: adding fresh water at proper time according to the air temperature and the water temperature, wherein the water temperature is above 18 ℃ and the water changing height is 10-30cm each time in the daytime when the weather is clear; starting an aerator in due time, particularly keeping starting for 24 hours for aeration in the late stage of overwintering; splashing the microbial preparation in the whole pool;
(4) controlling feeding: stopping feeding when the water temperature is lower than 18 ℃; feeding at a proper amount above 20 ℃ in sunny days, and halving at 18-20 ℃; stopping feeding the chicken in rainy days and before sudden change of weather;
(5) epidemic disease prevention and control: the prevention is mainly performed, the treatment is assisted, and the microscopic examination is regularly sampled, so that the tilapia mossambica disease and bacterial diseases are mainly prevented;
(6) monitoring the water temperature: the wintering period is 8: monitoring and recording the water temperature of the pond at 00 hours;
(7) wind and rain monitoring: the daily observation records the 24-hour rainfall and wind direction conditions issued by local meteorological departments.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bottom surface of the filtering section tank body is a plane, the bottom surface of the settling section tank body is a V-shaped structure with a low middle part and high two ends, a baffle is arranged in the middle of the settling section tank body, and the distance H1 between the bottom surface of the baffle and the bottom surface of the settling section tank body is 300-500 mm; the horizontal distance D between the adjacent upper guide plate and the lower guide plate is 3500-4500 mm, the vertical distance H2 between the top surface of the lower guide plate and the top surface of the filtering section tank body is 150-250 mm, and the vertical distance H3 between the bottom surface of the upper guide plate and the bottom surface of the filtering section tank body is 150-250 mm; the filter medium is one or more of stone slag, coal slag, vesuvianite, zeolite, charcoal or diatomite.
The aerator comprises an impeller aerator and an ozone jet aerator.
The large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse mainly comprises reinforced concrete precast piles, cast-in-place reinforced concrete bottom ring beams, a steel pipe frame, two layers of meshed galvanized steel wire frameworks and a plastic film.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the high-efficiency biological filter tank is adopted to circularly treat the water quality in the pond of the heat-preservation greenhouse, the water quality treatment effect is good, the tilapia can safely overwinter, and the problem that the tilapia aquaculture industry is difficult to safely overwinter at present is solved.
The high-efficiency biological filter tank adopted by the invention has a simple structure, the filter medium is cheap stone slag, an ideal water treatment effect can be obtained, no other preparation or microorganism is required to be added into the stone slag, the water body is guided by the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate, water flow is utilized, digestive bacteria are naturally generated between gaps of the stone slag or other filter media to form a biological filter membrane, substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the water body are degraded, meanwhile, some aquatic plants can consume elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body, and in addition, organisms such as mussel, spiral shell, loach and the like can be cultured in the tank body of the filter section, so that the water quality is further purified. Therefore, the high-efficiency biological filter tank provided by the invention enables the water for pond culture to be recycled, solves the problems that the indexes of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in a culture water body are rapidly increased and the water cannot be changed due to large temperature difference in the use of a large-span heat-preservation greenhouse, thereby causing production loss, achieves the purposes of saving culture water, saving energy and reducing emission, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
When water quality does not need to be treated in a non-breeding period, water in the tank body is discharged, the filtering media in the tank body are dried by the sun, in the sun drying process, the filtering media are turned regularly, all the filtering media can be irradiated by the sun, microorganisms in the filtering media can be dead by the sun after the sun is exposed, the filtering media can be reused, and the high-efficiency biological filtering tank is not required to be replaced additionally, so that the high-efficiency biological filtering tank is convenient to use.
2. The invention can improve the economic benefit and has wider popularization and application prospect.
The technical characteristics of the high-yield and high-efficiency circulating water tilapia culture method in the heat-preservation greenhouse pond are further described in the following by combining the attached drawings and the embodiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a process mode schematic diagram of a high-yield and high-efficiency culture method of tilapia in a heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water.
FIG. 2: the structure of the high-efficiency biological filter tank of the present invention is schematically illustrated.
FIG. 3: the top view of the high efficiency biological filter tank of the present invention (not shown are the filter medium and the aquatic plants).
FIG. 4: the high efficiency biological filter tank of the present invention has a front cross-sectional view (not shown are the filter medium and the aquatic plant).
FIG. 5: the structure of the large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse is schematically shown.
FIG. 6: the pond of the embodiment of the invention is a schematic plane view.
In the figure: 1-high-efficiency biological filter tank, 11-tank body, 111-filtering section tank body, 112-settling section tank body, 12-water inlet, 13-upper guide plate, 14-lower guide plate, 15-filtering medium, 16-aquatic plant, 17-partition plate, 18-baffle plate and 19-water outlet.
2-large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse, 21-hot air conveying system, 211-heat pump, 22-frame structure steel pipe main beam, 23-frame structure steel pipe ring beam, 24-netted steel wire rope structure, 25-cast-in-place reinforced concrete fixed foundation, 26-reinforced concrete prefabricated pile foundation and 27-single-layer agricultural plastic greenhouse film heat-preservation layer.
3-pond, 31-water inlet closed channel, 32-water inlet, 33-pump station, 34-drainage well and 35-drainage closed pipe.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a high-yield and high-efficiency culture method for tilapia in a heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, breeding places and breeding conditions: the site is located at the middle town of Dongquan town of North China ecological new district of Liuzhou city, and the model base of aquaculture in Hongdong reservoir belongs to the Tianwei agriculture development Limited company of Liuzhou city. The reservoir collects water naturally, and the downstream does not need irrigation water. 4 newly-built overwintering greenhouse recirculating aquaculture test ponds, the total area is 20 mu. The dike and the sediment of the pond are red loam without sediment. The water source is natural rainwater collection, underground natural spring water and deep well water. The base is convenient to use electricity and traffic, the test is directly bred and managed by professional techniques and breeding personnel, and the surrounding society is peaceful and has better breeding order.
(II) designing a process flow: the method adopts a process mode of 'a culture pond + a high-efficiency biological filter tank + a large-scale intelligent feeding and oxygen increasing system + an impeller type oxygen increasing machine + an ozone jet type oxygen increasing machine + a large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse' (as shown in figure 1).
Constructing high-efficiency biological filter tanks on pond ridges at two longitudinal sides of an aquaculture pond based on covering and heat preservation of a large-span flexible heat preservation greenhouse, filling biological filter materials in the biological filter tanks, planting aquatic plants on the surface layers of the filter materials, pumping and conveying the water at the bottom layer of the pond into the high-efficiency biological filter tanks through a pump at the side of a pond water outlet, and removing eutrophic substances in the water body through sedimentation in a sedimentation zone, biological membrane filtration and the absorption of the roots of the aquatic plants, so that the water body is purified and flows back to the pond through a pipeline at the side of a pond water inlet, and the biological circulation purification treatment of the water body of the aquaculture pond is realized; the aquaculture pond is respectively provided with an impeller type aerator and an ozone jet type aerator, which cover the functions of high-efficiency oxygenation, sterilization and disinfection of aquaculture water bodies, so that the aquaculture density and safe production can be ensured; the large intelligent feeding and oxygen increasing system is used, so that automation of feeding management in breeding production is realized, the synchronous oxygen increasing system covers the whole feeding and eating area, and the eating environment of a breeding object is further optimized.
(III) pond design and construction technical measures: 4 parallel culture ponds are designed (as shown in figure 6), the land occupation area of a single pond is 4.3 mu, the depth of a water inlet side is 2.5 meters, the depth of a water outlet side is 3.0 meters, and water inlets and water outlets are arranged in the south-north direction; the length of a single pond is 75 meters, the width of the pond is 38 meters, and the area of the pond is 2850 square meters; the actual water area of the pond is 68 meters in length, 32 meters in width and 2176 square meters in area; the width of the dikes of the pond around is 3 meters, and the width of the dikes of the adjacent pond is 6 meters; the ratio of the embankment slope of the pond to the embankment slope of the pond is 1:2.5, the average pond depth is 2.75 meters, and the water is normally stored for 2.5 meters.
The pond ridges at the two longitudinal sides of the pond are constructed with high-efficiency biological filter tanks for treating water in the pond, the pond is covered with a large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse, and the pond is also matched with an aerator and a feeding aeration system.
(IV) designing and constructing a circulating water high-efficiency biological treatment tank: the design of the high-efficiency biological filter tank (as shown in fig. 2-4) comprises a tank body 11, wherein the tank body comprises a filtering section tank body 111 and a settling section tank body 112 positioned behind the filtering section tank body, the filtering section tank body 111 and the settling section tank body 112 are separated by a partition plate 17 lower than the tank body 11, the front end of the filtering section tank body is provided with a water inlet 12, the settling section tank body is provided with a water outlet 19, a plurality of upper guide plates 13 and lower guide plates 14 are arranged in the filtering section tank body at intervals in a crossed manner, a filtering medium 15 is filled in the filtering section tank body, and the filling height of the filtering medium is 2/3 of the height of the; aquatic plants 16 are planted on the filter medium in the filtering section tank body; the bottom surface of the filtering section groove body 111 is a plane, the bottom surface of the settling section groove body 112 is a V-shaped structure with a low middle part and high two ends, the middle part of the settling section groove body 112 is provided with a baffle 18, and the distance H1 between the bottom surface of the baffle and the bottom surface of the settling section groove body 112 is 300-500 mm, preferably 400 mm; the horizontal distance D between the adjacent upper guide plate 13 and the lower guide plate 14 is 3500-4500 mm, preferably 4000mm, the vertical distance H2 between the top surface of the lower guide plate and the top surface of the filter section tank body is 150-250 mm, preferably 200mm, and the vertical distance H3 between the bottom surface of the upper guide plate and the bottom surface of the filter section tank body is 150-250 mm, preferably 200 mm; the vertical distance H4 of the partition plate 17 lower than the tank body 11 is 150-250 mm, preferably 200 mm. The filter medium is one or more of stone slag, coal slag, vesuvianite, zeolite, charcoal or diatomite.
The biological filter tank is arranged on two longitudinal sides of the pond in rows; the design specification is that the inner diameter is 80 cm wide and 80 cm deep, the brick-concrete structure is provided with guide plates which are vertically crossed at intervals of 4 meters, and the length of the guide plates is the same as that of the pond; designing flow: 60 cubic meters per hour; cross-sectional area of water flow: 0.52 square meters; circulating water treatment capacity: 3.5-4.0 days/time.
The aquatic plant is water hyacinth, water spinach, water celery and the like.
The water quality treatment effect of the high efficiency biological treatment tank of the present invention is as shown in table 1 below (the monitoring time is 2016 years, and the dates in the table indicate months and days).
TABLE 1 Water quality treatment monitoring effect of high-efficiency biological treatment tank
As can be seen from Table 1, the values of ammonia nitrogen and COD at the outlet of the tank are obviously lower than those at the inlet of the tank, which shows that the treatment effect of the invention on ammonia nitrogen and COD in water is very obvious, and the invention also has certain effect on the treatment of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water.
(V) designing and installing a large-scale feeding and oxygen increasing system: the combined feeding and oxygen increasing system is used, and the feeding main equipment comprises a storage bin, an air feeder, a feeding fan, a material throwing device, an electrical control system and the like; the storage bin stores 4 tons of materials at maximum, and the maximum distance of the conveying pipeline is 100 meters; throwing the feed in the feeder in the 360-degree direction; the electric control system controls the voltage to be 380V, four groups are designed, and the feeding date, times, time, frequency and the like are adjustable; the microporous oxygen increasing machine set comprises 1 set of microporous oxygen increasing machine set, wherein four ponds are controlled by 2.2 kilowatts and are respectively provided with a branch pipe and a nano aeration head, the nano aeration heads are arranged at the bottom around a material throwing device, the microporous oxygen increasing machine set takes the material throwing device as the center, and the coverage area is larger than 400 square meters.
Sixthly, installing water surface oxygenation facilities: 1 impeller type oxygen increasing machine is arranged in each pond, and the power is 3 kilowatts; the ozone jet aerator has 1 unit and 3 kilowatt power.
(VII) designing and supporting installation of electric power facilities: 1 100 kilovolt-ampere transformer is newly installed, 1 set of standby diesel generating set (power 50 kilowatts) is purchased, and the three-phase four-wire power line is 500 meters.
(eight) design and construction of large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse: the large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse is designed to be composed of reinforced concrete precast piles, cast-in-place reinforced concrete bottom ring beams, a steel pipe frame, two layers of meshed galvanized steel wire frameworks and plastic films (as shown in figure 5); the span of the large-span flexible heat-insulation greenhouse can theoretically reach 120 m, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the greenhouse can reach 10-15 degrees, so that the heat-insulation requirement of the conventional aquaculture pond can be met.
(nine) tilapia fry rearing and adult fish culture
1. And (3) testing the fish: the Guangxi aquatic science research institute 'Guifei No. 1' tilapia fries with the average specification of 2.13cm are directly put into a pond for cultivation, winter overwintering greenhouse cultivation is carried out, and other intercropped fish species are purchased locally.
2. And (3) seedling cultivation: the test pond fish fries are purchased from Guangxi and cultured for overwintering culture after fry culture. The 6-11 months are the fry breeding stage, the 12-3 months in the next year are the overwintering breeding stage, and the 4-9 months are the adult tilapia breeding and other fish breeding stages.
3. Cultivation management: the fry rearing and adult fish rearing were carried out according to the technical code for rearing of Tinfu niluoluo fish (DB 46/T130-2008) (Aquaculture institute of Hainan province, 2008).
4. Overwintering cultivation stocking design:
no. 1-4 test pools adopt modes of mainly breeding overwintering tilapia species and intercropping silver carps and bighead carps
And (3) putting tilapia fries in 2016 at the beginning of 7 months, intercropping silver carps and bighead carps, wherein the intercropping situation of the intercropping silver carps and bighead carps is shown in Table 2, and the intercropping silver carps and bighead carps are cultured for 100 fish/mu, wherein: 70 silver carps per mu and 30 bighead carps per mu, and the specifications are more than 15 cm.
TABLE 2 stocking condition of adult fish breeding in experimental pond
(Ten) cultivation feed
The feeds required for fry breeding, overwintering greenhouse breeding and adult fish breeding are purchased from Guangxi Guigang sea feed Co., Ltd, Guangxi Baiyang feed Co., Ltd and Guangxi Australian feed Co., Ltd, and are all expanded feeds.
(eleven) overwintering greenhouse cultivation management
1. And (3) overwintering period: the greenhouse for the pond overwintering is paved before 12 months every year, and the 3 rd year in the 2 nd year is the culture stage of the greenhouse for the overwintering.
2. Controlling water level and water temperature: the water level of the overwintering greenhouse pond should reach the highest water level of the pond as far as possible. The water temperature is controlled to be above 15 ℃ at the lowest, and the deep well geothermal water is extracted when the temperature is below 15 ℃ to ensure the required minimum temperature. In the late winter period, the temperature gradually rises, the shed is opened for ventilation and cooling, and the fish is protected from being killed by oxygen deficiency in high-temperature and sultry weather.
3. Water quality regulation: adding fresh water at proper time according to the air temperature and the water temperature, wherein the water temperature is above 18 ℃ and the water is changed by 10-30cm each time in the daytime when the weather is clear; starting an aerator in due time, particularly keeping starting for 24 hours for aeration in the late stage of overwintering; and splashing the microbial preparation in the whole pool.
4. Controlling feeding: stopping feeding when the water temperature is lower than 18 ℃; feeding at a proper amount above 20 ℃ in sunny days, and halving at 18-20 ℃; stopping feeding the chicken in rainy days and before sudden change of weather.
5. Epidemic disease prevention and control: prevention is mainly performed, and treatment is assisted. And (5) sampling and microscopic examination at regular intervals. The key point is to prevent tilapia mossambica ichthyophthiriasis and bacterial diseases.
6. Monitoring the water temperature: the wintering period is 8: and (5) monitoring and recording the water temperatures of the overwintering greenhouse pond and the natural overwintering pond (a contrast pond) at 00 hours.
7. Wind and rain monitoring: the daily observation records the 24-hour rainfall and wind direction conditions issued by local meteorological departments.
(twelve) epidemic prevention and control measures: regularly disinfecting with chlorine dioxide effervescent tablets, regularly mixing and feeding allicin, vitamin C, astragalus polysaccharide and yeast cell wall polysaccharide to the feed, regularly and intensively inspecting parasites such as ichthyophthirius multiformis, dactylogyrus, trichodina and the like in a transwinter period, reducing the feeding rate and the feeding amount in a high-temperature season, and regularly cleaning and disinfecting a feeding table. And (4) putting all the cultured grass carp seeds into water after the vaccine is injected. The tilapia silver carp coccosis is sampled periodically in the attack season, and measures such as laboratory pathogen culture monitoring, drug sensitivity test and the like are carried out.
(thirteen) harvest statistics: and (4) respectively counting the harvest specification, yield, survival rate and the like of the outlet pond according to the sale condition of the commercial adult fish in each pond.
(fourteen) economic benefit analysis: and carrying out economic benefit analysis on related expenses and harvesting conditions of feed, seedlings, electricity, manpower, pond renting and the like used by the test cell.
Results
(I) high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation result
1. And (5) cultivating and harvesting.
The major tilapia culture and silver carp bighead carp polyculture are developed in the pond culture test pools from 2016 to 2017 in 2, the ponds are sold at 28 days 3 and 28 days 2017 in 3, and the ponds are cleaned, caught, sold and counted up from 10 days 7 and 10 months 2017, so that the harvest condition of the tilapia adult fish culture test in each pond is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 experimental pond cultivation experimental harvest
2. Economic benefit analysis situation
And carrying out economic benefit analysis on related expenses and harvesting conditions of feed, seedlings, electricity consumption, manpower, pond renting, pond building and the like used by the test pond. The results of the test cultivation per mu input-output are shown in table 4, and the comparative conditions of the test cultivation economic benefits are shown in table 5.
TABLE 4 experimental pond cultivation input and output conditions
TABLE 5 comparison of economic benefits of experimental pond breeding
(II) economic benefits
Through research and demonstration in one year, the technology develops the integrated technology for high-yield and high-efficiency culture of tilapia in the overwintering greenhouse pond by using circulating water to demonstrate culture for 13.2 mu. 97.28 ten thousand yuan is totally input, 10.037 thousand kilograms of total commercial adult tilapia fish, 125.934 thousand yuan, 28.654 thousand yuan of total profit, 7603.5 kilograms of mu average yield, 9.541 thousand yuan of mu average yield and 2.1808 thousand yuan of mu average profit; the input-output ratio is 1:1.29, and the investment yield is 29.45%.
Claims (4)
1. A high-yield and high-efficiency culture method of tilapia in a heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pond (3) is provided with high-efficiency biological filter tanks (1) on two longitudinal pond ridges for treating water in the pond, the pond is covered with a large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse (2), the pond is also provided with an aerator and a feeding aeration system,
the efficient biological filter tank comprises a tank body (11), wherein the tank body comprises a filtering section tank body (111) and a settling section tank body (112) positioned behind the filtering section tank body, a water inlet (12) is formed in the front end of the filtering section tank body, a water outlet (19) is formed in the settling section tank body, a plurality of upper guide plates (13) and lower guide plates (14) are arranged in the filtering section tank body at intervals in a crossed mode, a filtering medium (15) is filled in the filtering section tank body, and the filling height of the filtering medium is 2/3 of the height of the filtering section tank body; aquatic plants (16) are planted on the filter medium in the filtering section tank body;
the bottom surface of the filtering section tank body (111) is a plane, the bottom surface of the settling section tank body (112) is V-shaped with a low middle part and high two ends, a baffle (18) is arranged in the middle of the settling section tank body (112), and the distance H1 between the bottom surface of the baffle and the bottom surface of the settling section tank body (112) is 300-500 mm; the horizontal distance D between the adjacent upper guide plate (13) and the lower guide plate (14) is 3500-4500 mm, the vertical distance H2 between the top surface of the lower guide plate and the top surface of the filter section tank body is 150-250 mm, and the vertical distance H3 between the bottom surface of the upper guide plate and the bottom surface of the filter section tank body is 150-250 mm; the filter medium is one or more of stone slag, coal slag, vesuvianite, zeolite, charcoal or diatomite;
pumping and conveying the water at the bottom layer of the pond into a high-efficiency biological filter tank by a pump and a pipeline at the side of a pond water outlet, so that the water is purified and flows back to the pond from a pipeline at the side of the pond water inlet, and the biological circulation purification treatment of the water in the aquaculture pond is realized;
the method comprises the following steps:
A. a intercropping mode: adopting a mode of mainly breeding tilapia and intercropping silver carps and bighead carps;
B. and (3) seedling cultivation: putting the fries into the pond every 6 months, wherein the average specification of the fries of the tilapia is 2.1-2.2cm, the stocking amount is 2.1-2.2 ten thousand fish/mu, and 100 silver carp and bighead carp per mu are intercropped, wherein: 70 silver carps/mu and 30 bighead carps/mu with the specification of more than 15 cm; the 6-11 months are the fry breeding stage, the 12-3 months in the second year are the overwintering breeding stage, and the 4-9 months in the second year are the adult tilapia breeding and other fish breeding stages;
C. cultivation management: the fry breeding and adult fish culture are carried out according to the technical regulation DB 46/T130-2008 of the Geofiluo fish culture.
2. The high-yield and high-efficiency circulating water tilapia breeding method for the heat-preservation greenhouse pond according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the specific method for overwintering cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) overwintering period: the pond overwintering greenhouse, namely the large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse is laid before 12 months every year, and the 3 months from the 2 nd year is the overwintering greenhouse cultivation stage;
(2) controlling water level and water temperature: the water level of the overwintering greenhouse pond is controlled to reach the highest water level of the pond as far as possible, and the water temperature is controlled to be 12-30 ℃;
(3) water quality regulation: adding fresh water at proper time according to the air temperature and the water temperature, wherein the water temperature is above 18 ℃ and the water changing height is 10-30cm each time in the daytime when the weather is clear; starting an aerator in due time, particularly keeping starting for 24 hours for aeration in the late stage of overwintering; splashing the microbial preparation in the whole pool;
(4) controlling feeding: stopping feeding when the water temperature is lower than 18 ℃; feeding at a proper amount above 20 ℃ in sunny days, and halving at 18-20 ℃; stopping feeding the chicken in rainy days and before sudden change of weather;
(5) epidemic disease prevention and control: the prevention is mainly performed, the treatment is assisted, and the microscopic examination is regularly sampled, so that the tilapia mossambica disease and bacterial diseases are mainly prevented;
(6) monitoring the water temperature: the wintering period is 8: monitoring and recording the water temperature of the pond at 00 hours;
(7) wind and rain monitoring: the daily observation records the 24-hour rainfall and wind direction conditions issued by local meteorological departments.
3. The high-yield and high-efficiency culture method of tilapia in the heat-preservation greenhouse pond by using circulating water according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the aerator comprises an impeller aerator and an ozone jet aerator.
4. The high-yield and high-efficiency circulating water tilapia breeding method for the heat preservation greenhouse pond according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the large-span flexible heat-preservation greenhouse mainly comprises reinforced concrete precast piles, cast-in-place reinforced concrete bottom ring beams, a steel pipe frame, two layers of meshed galvanized steel wire frameworks and a plastic film.
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