CN112056247A - In-situ ecological breeding method and breeding system thereof - Google Patents
In-situ ecological breeding method and breeding system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112056247A CN112056247A CN202010904780.8A CN202010904780A CN112056247A CN 112056247 A CN112056247 A CN 112056247A CN 202010904780 A CN202010904780 A CN 202010904780A CN 112056247 A CN112056247 A CN 112056247A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
- A01K61/53—Baskets therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/80—Feeding devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides an in-situ ecological breeding method and a breeding system, wherein the in-situ ecological breeding method adopts an in-situ ecological breeding device for breeding, the in-situ ecological breeding device comprises a plurality of groups of breeding cages positioned in a breeding pond and an algae tray for breeding caulerpa longipedicla, and the algae tray covers the breeding cages; an aeration device is arranged below the bottom of the culture cage; after the abalone seedlings are put in the cultivation cage, the water change amount is 8-12% of the total amount every day in the first month, the water change amount is 12-18% of the total amount every day in the second month, the water change amount is increased by one month later, the water change amount is correspondingly increased by 4-6% until the water change amount is increased to 48-55%, and the water change amount is maintained to be not increased any more. According to the technical scheme, the abalone and the sea grape are cultured in a three-dimensional ecological mode, so that the growth rhythm of the abalone and the sea grape is synchronous, the physical and chemical indexes of a water body are best and stable, and better conditions are created for the growth of the abalone and the sea grape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological cultivation, and particularly relates to an in-situ ecological cultivation method and a cultivation system thereof.
Background
Abalone is a rare marine food, belongs to a single-shell mollusk, and has only a half-shell, and the shell is firm, flat and wide. Abalone is a traditional rare food material in China, has tender and smooth meat quality, high nutritional value and medicinal value and is the top of the four-sea flavor. The seafood is rich in nutrition, tender and white in meat quality, is a high-quality food material with low fat and high protein, has high nutritional value and economic value, and is the crown of seafood delicacies. The natural yield is small, the requirements of vast consumers at home and abroad can not be met, and artificial abalone culture gradually becomes a main mode. At present, artificial breeding mainly adopts a simplified breeding mode with higher cost, and has the disadvantages of large consumption of manpower and material resources, poor breeding quality and low benefit.
The current abalone industrial culture basically adopts a single-variety three-dimensional cage type culture mode. Abalone is an algae-feeding shellfish, the quantity of excrement generated in the culture process is large, high-frequency flushing and decontamination are needed in industrial culture, and the cost of generated pollutants and consumed hydroelectric energy is very high. Frequent flushing stimulation also has great influence on the growth and development of the abalones, and especially in the breeding period of the abalones, flushing pollution discharge stimulation is very easy to cause the abalones to be aborted and die in a large scale. The abalone excrement that discharges in a large number needs to be equipped with powerful sewage treatment system, and sewage discharge is high, leads to the breed cost to rise. The periodic ingestion and excretion of the abalone can cause the periodic large-scale change of water quality indexes, and the disease of the abalone is caused frequently. In the field of abalone industrial culture in China, algae and abalones are different production processes, production is completely separated, algae growth needs illumination, and abalones need to grow in a dark environment. In coastal areas in northern China, in order to solve the problems in abalone culture production, a marine raft type intercropping technology for algae such as abalones and kelp is also developed, and the technology plays a certain role in solving the problem of environmental pollution and reducing the cost of feed. However, most of large algae such as kelp can not grow normally under indoor industrial culture conditions, and the industrial combined culture technology of abalone and algae is not developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention discloses an in-situ ecological breeding method and a breeding system thereof, which can be applied to an industrial breeding environment, effectively utilize and recycle the excrement of bred animals, remarkably reduce sewage discharge, improve water quality conditions, simultaneously produce high-quality algae and achieve the recycling of resources.
In contrast, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an in-situ ecological breeding method adopts an in-situ ecological breeding device for breeding, the in-situ ecological breeding device comprises a plurality of groups of breeding cages positioned in a breeding pond and an algae tray for breeding caulerpa longipedicla, and the algae tray covers the breeding cages; an aeration device is arranged below the bottom of the culture cage;
after the abalone seedlings are put in the cultivation cage, the water change amount is 8-12% of the total amount every day in the first month, the water change amount is 12-18% of the total amount every day in the second month, the water change amount is increased by one month later, the water change amount is correspondingly increased by 4-6% until the water change amount is increased to 48-55%, and the water change amount is maintained to be not increased any more.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cultivation cages are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', and a circulating pump is arranged in an annular passage formed by the cultivation cages.
As a further improvement of the invention, after the abalone fries are thrown in the culture cage, food is thrown in the annular channel; and starting a circulating pump to ensure that the circulating flow rate of water flow in the annular channel is 2-3 m/s. Furthermore, the food is mainly prepared from fresh seaweed hedgerow and kelp, and is supplemented with partially refrigerated or salted kelp or undaria pinnatifida, so as to meet the requirement when the supply of fresh feed is difficult. The bait feeding amount is 3-5 days. The food intake of the abalone is related to a plurality of factors such as the size of the abalone, the water temperature, the quality of the feed and the dissolved oxygen in the water, so in the actual operation, the food intake is mainly determined by taking the previous feeding amount as a reference, the residual feed is slightly left in each feeding as a standard, and the feeding amount is reduced by about one third compared with the conventional feeding amount when the dry feed is fed in a high-temperature season.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cultivation cage is 8-12 layers, the aeration device is positioned in the middle part below the bottom of the cultivation cage, and the mixed cultivation aeration quantity of the aeration device is 15-25L/min.m2. The aeration device is a microporous aeration disc.
As a further improvement of the invention, the coverage area of the algae tray is 70-90% of the area of the culture pond, and further, the exposed length of the algae seedlings on the algae tray is more than 3 cm.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the culture process, the water quality condition in the culture pond is controlled, the water temperature is not higher than 28 ℃, the salinity is controlled within 25-35 per thousand, the pH value is 7.6-8.6, the dissolved oxygen is 5-6mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 0.5mg/L, and the content of hydrogen sulfide is not more than 0.05 mg/L. When the temperature is higher than 28 ℃, the temperature is reduced by taking measures of shading, ventilating or increasing water change; if the salinity is not within the range of 25-35 per mill, the adjustment and control are carried out by changing water, preparing sea salt and bittern.
As a further improvement of the invention, a sunshade net for adjusting the illumination intensity is arranged above the culture pond. The illumination intensity of the culture pond can be simply adjusted by using a sunshade net without using high shading facilities; the strong illumination condition can promote the fast growth of the sea grapes and play a strong role in purification; meanwhile, the dense algae bed plays a good role in shading the abalone from growing.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water discharged from the culture pond is purified and then circulated into the culture pond.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mass ratio of the caulerpa lentillifera to the abalone in the culture pond is more than 1.5: 1.
As a further improvement of the invention, the abalone stocking density in the culture pond is as follows: 60 abalone fries with the specification of 1.5cm are cultured in each cage, or 45 abalone fries with the specification of 2.0cm, or 30 abalone fries with the specification of 3cm, or 20-25 abalone with the specification of more than 4cm to the finished product.
The invention also discloses an in-situ ecological culture system, which comprises a culture pond, a water inlet system and a water drainage system, wherein the water inlet system and the water drainage system are connected with the culture pond; the cultivation cages are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', and a circulating pump is arranged in an annular channel formed by the cultivation cages; an aeration device is arranged below the bottom of the culture cage;
the water exchange amount of the water inlet system meets the following requirements: after the abalone seedlings are put in the cultivation cage, the water change amount is 8-12% of the total amount every day in the first month, the water change amount is 12-18% of the total amount every day in the second month, the water change amount is increased by one month later, the water change amount is correspondingly increased by 4-6% until the water change amount is increased to 48-55%, and the water change amount is maintained to be not increased any more.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water inlet system comprises a high-level reservoir, a sedimentation tank, a first-grade sand filter and a disinfection water tank, wherein seawater is pumped into the high-level reservoir by a water pump and then enters the culture tank after sequentially passing through the sedimentation tank, the first-grade sand filter and the disinfection water tank.
As a further improvement of the invention, the drainage system comprises a filtration treatment tank, and the drained water is recycled after being filtered by the filtration treatment tank.
As a further improvement of the invention, a sea grape culture water quality purification area and a seedling culture pond are arranged on one side of the culture pond, and water discharged by the drainage system is filtered by the filtering treatment pond, pumped into the sea grape culture water quality purification area by a water pump for purification and then enters the seedling culture pond.
As a further improvement of the invention, the total capacity of the high-level water reservoir and the water treatment tank is not less than 1/8 of the total aquaculture water body.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the fern is distributed on the surface of the pool body to form the culture cageThe pond surface algae plate can effectively absorb and shield sunlight, creates a natural dark environment for abalone and other shellfishes in the cultivation cage, and promotes the long ingestion time and the increased ingestion intensity of the haliotis diversicolor; the strong photosynthesis capability of the caulerpa lentillifera is utilized to quickly purify the abalone three-dimensional high-density culture water body, and suspended solid excrement and CO generated by the abalone2、NO2、NH3And the gas waste is effectively adsorbed and absorbed, so that the aquaculture water environment is kept in a relatively stable physical and chemical state, conditions are created for the growth of the haliotis diversicolor aquatilis, and the dissolved oxygen content of the abalone aquaculture water body is increased. The long-stem grape fern algae can effectively absorb the excrement of shellfish such as abalone and the like through the aeration device, the excrement (including carbon dioxide) of shellfish such as abalone and the like is an ideal natural nutrient substance, the excrement is intensively absorbed by the long-stem grape fern algae positioned at the convergence terminal through the air lifting action of the aeration device, the optimal fixed-point absorption effect on pollutants is achieved, nitrogen and phosphorus and carbon dioxide are deeply removed from sewage, and the culture activity is restored again to enter a new culture cycle; in addition, the fern algae products with high quality and high yield can be obtained through corresponding fixed-point absorption; the sewage discharge amount and the culture water change amount are obviously reduced, more than 70% of water can be saved, more than 30% of energy consumption is reduced, and the labor amount is reduced by 50%.
Secondly, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the surface area of the pool body has the optimal illumination condition and the highest concentration of carbon dioxide and N \ P organic matters, thereby providing power for the high-speed growth and the high-efficiency purification of the caulerpa lentillifera; the algae on the pond surface generate a large amount of oxygen in the growth process, consume a large amount of harmful compounds such as carbon dioxide and N, and create conditions for the growth of shellfish such as abalone; the excrement of the cultured animals is effectively utilized and recovered, and the sewage discharge is obviously reduced; but also the algae has positive effect on the stabilization of the temperature of the pond water.
Thirdly, the shellfish such as abalone and the like and the algae plate are fixed in position by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, so that the growth rhythm of the shellfish such as abalone and the algae plate is synchronous, the physicochemical indexes of the water body are best stable, and conditions are created for the growth of the shellfish and the algae plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the apparatus used in the in-situ ecological breeding method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a in fig. 1.
The reference numerals include:
1-algae dish, 2-abalone culture cage, 3-annular channel, 4-caulerpa longipedicla and 5-microporous aeration dish.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An in-situ ecological breeding system comprises a breeding pond, a water inlet system and a water drainage system, wherein the water inlet system and the water drainage system are connected with the breeding pond, and an in-situ ecological breeding device is arranged in the breeding pond. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the in-situ ecological culture device comprises a plurality of groups of abalone culture cages 2 and algae trays 1 for culturing caulerpa longipedicularis 4, wherein the algae trays 1 are covered above the abalone culture cages 2; and a microporous aeration disc 5 is arranged in the middle of the lower part of the bottom of the abalone culture cage 2. The abalone culture cage 2 is in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', and a circulating pump is arranged in an annular channel 3 formed by the abalone culture cage 2. The abalone culture cage 2 is provided with 8-12 layers. In this embodiment, the abalone culture cage 2 is 8 layers. The coverage area of the algae tray 1 is about 80 percent of the area of the culture pond. The exposed length of the algae seedlings on the algae tray 1 is more than 3 cm.
The water inlet system comprises a high-level reservoir, a sedimentation tank, a first-level sand filter and a second-level sand filter, and a disinfection water tank, wherein seawater is pumped into the high-level reservoir by a water pump, and then enters the culture tank after sequentially passing through the sedimentation tank, the first-level sand filter and the second-level sand filter and the disinfection water tank. One side of the culture pond is provided with a sea grape culture water quality purification area and a seedling culture pond, and water discharged by the drainage system is filtered by the filter treatment pond, pumped into the sea grape culture water quality purification area by a water pump for purification and then enters the seedling culture pond.
The water exchange amount of the water inlet system meets the following requirements: after the abalone seedlings are put in the cultivation cage, the water change amount is 8-12% of the total amount every day in the first month, the water change amount is 12-18% of the total amount every day in the second month, the water change amount is increased by one month later, the water change amount is correspondingly increased by 4-6% until the water change amount is increased to 48-55%, and the water change amount is maintained to be not increased any more. The total capacity of the high-level water reservoir and the water treatment tank is not less than 1/8 of the total aquaculture water body.
During cultivation, an algae tray 1 is prepared in a special culture pond for caulerpa lentillifera 4 in advance, so that the exposed length of algae seedlings reaches more than 3 cm; the abalone culture cage 2 on the pond surface is covered by the algae plate 1 which is attached and is in the rapid growth stage in a single layer, and the covered area of the algae plate 1 accounts for about 80% of the whole pond area. After abalone fry is thrown into the culture pond, the circulating pump is started to ensure the circulating flow velocity of water flow in the channel to be 2-3 m/s. The water change amount is 10% of the total water change amount every day in the first month, 15% of the total water change amount every day in the second month, and the water change amount is correspondingly increased by 5% every month after the first month until the water change amount is increased to 50%, and the water change amount is maintained to be not increased. The water consumption for cultivating one ton of abalone is 6000 tons, the water change amount is greatly reduced, more than 70% of water can be saved, and more than 30% of energy consumption and 50% of labor amount can be reduced.
Specifically, the cultivation method adopting the in-situ ecological cultivation system comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a culture environment: the boundary sites around the culture base are clear, no industrial pollution source exists around the culture base, the living pollution is light, and the peace and security condition is good; the annual seawater salinity is not less than 25 per thousand (the specific gravity is not less than 1.017), generally about 30 per thousand (the specific gravity is about 1.021), the water quality is clear, the seawater quality meets the fishery water quality standard, the water intake and drainage are convenient, and the traffic communication is convenient. The water for cultivation is provided with a sand filtration treatment facility. The abalone bait, namely the hedgerow and the kelp, are all from fresh purchase in pollution-free aquaculture sea areas, and the supply is easy to obtain and sufficient.
Secondly, preparing a culture pond: can be divided into three culture areas through modification: the first area is a three-dimensional mixed culture area for the sea grapes and the modified abalone fry, the second area is a three-dimensional mixed culture area for the sea grapes and the modified abalone fry, and the third area is a sea grape culture water purification area.
1. The three-dimensional mixed culture cultivation area of the sea grape and the haliotis diversicolor aquatilis improved fries comprises the following steps: the pond is divided into a parent abalone of the nine-hole abalone, a breeding pond, an induced spawning pond and a seedling pond, the area of each pond is 2m multiplied by 6m, the depth of each pond is 1.0-1.2m, the periphery of each pond is built by bricks, cement paste is applied, the bottom of each pond is evenly applied, and the pond is slightly inclined towards a water outlet so as to facilitate drainage and sewage cleaning. The upper end of one side is provided with a water inlet pipeline and an inflation pipeline, the bottom of the other side is provided with a water outlet, and an overflow pipe with adjustable water level height is arranged. A sunshade net for adjusting the illumination intensity is arranged above the culture pond, the sunshade net can be opened and closed, and the support is a galvanized pipe. Seedling culture attaching medium: the method comprises the steps of paving (1cm is multiplied by 30cm cement four-corner bricks (four corners of the cement bricks are provided with feet and are 5cm high), connecting the cement four-corner bricks end to end in a laid mode, wrapping and binding a stone block in the center, stretching the stone block in water in a parachute shape, paving PVC pipes with the diameter of 1.5cm at the bottom of the pool, and drilling holes at intervals of 20cm to serve as oxygen increasing air holes.
2. Sea grape and nine-hole abalone improved variety commercial abalone three-dimensional polyculture area: the area of the pond body is 3m multiplied by 6m, the depth is 1.8m, the bottom of the pond is integrally formed by a reinforced concrete structure, the pond body is inclined to the middle by about 5 degrees, abalones are regularly arranged by two sides of the pond wall to form special plastic plates, PVC pipes with the diameter of 1.5cm are laid under the plates, and holes are drilled at intervals of 20cm to serve as oxygen increasing air holes.
3. Sea grape culture water purification area: the area of the aeration tank and the tank body is 3m multiplied by 6m, the depth is 1.8m, the tank bottom is integrally formed by a reinforced concrete structure, PVC pipes with the diameter of 1.5cm are paved at the tank bottom, and holes are drilled every 50cm to be used as aeration holes.
Thirdly, adjusting a water inlet and drainage system:
1. a water inlet system: a. circulating water is fed, namely main cultivation water feeding, discharged water of a nine-hole abalone improved body commodity abalone cultivation pool (or a nursery pond) flows into a filtering treatment pool for filtering, is pumped into a 200m sea grape cultivation water quality purification area by a water pump, and enters the nine-hole abalone improved body commodity abalone cultivation pool (or nursery pond) after being purified; b. exogenous make-up water is fed in, and seawater is extracted at sea. The sand beach bottom matter can lay many PVC pipelines of the diameter 150cm that punch on the sand beach as leading permanent well, about 2m in every leading water pipe deepens into the sand bed perpendicularly, and the foraminiferous department is wrapped up with double-deck 60 mesh nylon wire, and every well casing upper end links to each other through 90 elbows and tee bend and joins into total leading water pipeline and is connected with the water pump, and the sea water that filters through the sand bed promotes to high-order cistern through power, sedimentation tank second grade sand filter, and the disinfection pond flows into breeding pond again, and the total capacity in cistern and water treatment pond is 1/8 of total aquaculture water. All water channels of the culture pond are regulated in flow rate through water level control elbows.
2. A drainage system: the long-flowing water pipe and the blow-off pipe of the culture pond are separated to enter a drainage ditch, a cement board or a wood board is paved above the drainage ditch to serve as a pedestrian passage, all the drainage ditches are collected and then enter a sewage filtering treatment pond, and the collected sewage enters a sea grape culture water quality purification area for biological purification (with sea grapes and microorganism treatment) and other procedures to enter a high-level reservoir again for cyclic utilization after being filtered.
Fourthly, configuring an oxygenation system: the ecological mixed culture pond with the power of 1 Roots blower with the power of 7.5kw is arranged in each 1000 square meters, the type of the blower can be determined according to the water depth of the culture pond, the blower of the seedling culture pond requires large air flow and small pressure, and the blower of the culture pond requires large pressure. The fan outlet duct passes through the PVC pipeline and dispatches to each breed the pond, and every is bred the pond and all installs the air inlet valve, can adjust the gas consumption. The blower room requires good ventilation, clean environment and sanitation, the door and the window are provided with dust screens, and other sundries cannot be placed in the room.
Fifthly, power supply system configuration: according to the production scale of the Dongchong base, 1 independent transformer with the capacity of 250KVA and 1 standby diesel generator set with the capacity of 160KVA are arranged, the power distribution facilities are designed and allocated by professional personnel, and the use and maintenance are specially responsible for by certified electricians, so that the safety and reliability of the operation of equipment are ensured.
Sixthly, preparing a heating system: can equip 1 hot water boiler of 5 tons of capacities, heat water to 80 degrees after carry to partial breed pond through the insulating tube, heat preservation of heating the water body through laying the cooling tube in breeding the bottom of the pool. The warming is mainly used for the overwintering and the strengthening culture of the parent abalones.
Seventhly, preparation in the early stage of cultivation:
1. cleaning the abalone pool: the improved pool can be used after being filled with fresh water and soaked for more than one week, and can be used after being washed clean by filtered water.
2. Sterilizing old pond with 100ppm bleaching powder, wherein the sterilizing water should be 20-30cm above the bottom of the pond, spraying the sterilizing liquid around the pond wall with a tool such as a ladle, and brushing repeatedly. Optionally, the cleaning step is repeated, and the sterilized water is repeatedly washed with clean seawater until the required water content is reached.
The water quality condition is as follows: temperature. The temperature of the culture water body is controlled to be the optimum growth temperature as much as possible, and measures such as shading, ventilation, increasing water change and the like are adopted when the water temperature exceeds 28 ℃. (ii) salinity. The salinity is ensured to be more than 25 per thousand and less than 35 per thousand, and water exchange and emergency materials such as sea salt, bittern and the like are well prepared when the salinity is likely to change greatly in rainstorm weather. pH value. The content is controlled between 7.6-8.6, and the optimal content is 7.8-8.3. Fourthly, because the sea grapes purify the water quality and release nascent oxygen to the aquaculture water body, the aquaculture water body can keep the dissolved oxygen at 5-6mg/L for a long time; the total nitrogen can always be less than 0.5 mg/L; the content of hydrogen sulfide does not exceed 0.05 mg/L. The illumination intensity of the culture pond is simply adjusted by using a sunshade net without using high shading facilities; the strong illumination condition can promote the fast growth of the sea grapes and play a strong role in purification; meanwhile, the dense algae bed plays a good role in shading the abalone from growing.
Stocking density: the stocking density and the mass ratio of the two of the sea grapes and the haliotis diversicolor aquatilis improved ecological polyculture are greatly related to the growth speed and the yield of the haliotis diversicolor aquatilis per unit area, 60 abalone fries with the specification of 1.5cm are bred in each breeding cage, 45 abalone fries with the specification of 2cm are bred, 30 abalone fries with the specification of 3cm are bred, and 20-25 abalone with the specification of more than 4cm and the finished product specification are bred. Meanwhile, the mass ratio of the sea grape to the abalone is kept to be more than 1.5: 1.
Feed: fresh seaweed hedgerow and kelp are taken as main materials, and partially refrigerated or salted kelp or undaria pinnatifida are taken as auxiliary materials to meet the requirement when fresh feed supply is difficult.
Feeding amount: the food intake is 3-5 days. The food intake of the abalone is related to a plurality of factors such as the size of the abalone, the water temperature, the quality of the feed and the dissolved oxygen in the water, so in the actual operation, the food intake is mainly determined by taking the previous feeding amount as a reference, the residual feed is slightly left in each feeding as a standard, and the feeding amount is reduced by about one third compared with the conventional feeding amount when the dry feed is fed in a high-temperature season.
Water flow: the water flow is one of the main measures for ensuring the stability of the water environment of the culture pond, the water flow is kept at 2 times/12 hours under the normal condition, and the water flow needs to be increased properly under the conditions of high temperature, low air pressure and large abalone density and specification.
And (3) inflating: aerify and to ensure to carry a large amount of suspended solids of abalone excrement for the upper strata under the high density breed condition continuously breed sea grape adhesion and absorb nutritive salt such as ammonia nitrogen, satisfy sea grape growth needs, release the nascent state oxygen, satisfy the normal oxygen demand that the abalone grows, the dissolved oxygen of saturation can be with organic excrement decomposition and ammonia nitrogen nitration in the water simultaneously, drive away harmful gas, it can be with taking outside the water gap discharge pond smoothly to aerify constantly simultaneously. The aeration rate of ecological polyculture is generally kept at 20L/min2The method is suitable for the left and the right.
In this embodiment, the strong photosynthesis ability of the macroalgae-type sea grape (Caulerpa lentillifera) is utilized to rapidly purify the three-dimensional high-density aquaculture water body of Haliotis diversicolor, and the suspended solid excrement and CO generated by the Haliotis diversicolor are purified2、NO2、NH3The gas waste is effectively adsorbed and absorbed, so that the culture water environment is kept in a relatively stable physical and chemical state, and conditions are created for the growth of the haliotis diversicolor; collecting solid excrement intensively discharged from a haliotis diversicolor aquatilis culture pond at a low position, and performing rapid purification culture by using high-density grape caulerpa under an open condition to deeply remove nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon dioxide in sewage, and recovering culture activity to enter a new culture cycle; the surface layer covering of the macroalgae provides a natural shading system and a simulated natural living environment for the culture of the haliotis diversicolor, and can promote the food intake time of the haliotis diversicolor to be prolonged and the food intake intensity to be increased. The development of the three-dimensional ecological culture of the haliotis diversicolor aquatilis and the sea grapes can meet the market demand of short supply, greatly reduce the pollution of culture tail water to the environment, be beneficial to the maintenance of the ecological environment and simultaneously obtain economic benefits and social benefits.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ ecological breeding method is characterized in that: the in-situ ecological breeding device is adopted for breeding, the in-situ ecological breeding device comprises a plurality of groups of breeding cages positioned in a breeding pond and an algae tray for breeding caulerpa longipedicla, and the algae tray covers the breeding cages; an aeration device is arranged below the bottom of the culture cage;
after the abalone seedlings are put in the cultivation cage, the water change amount is 8-12% of the total amount every day in the first month, the water change amount is 12-18% of the total amount every day in the second month, the water change amount is increased by one month later, the water change amount is correspondingly increased by 4-6% until the water change amount is increased to 48-55%, and the water change amount is maintained to be not increased any more.
2. The in situ ecological breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cultivation cages are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', and a circulating pump is arranged in an annular channel formed by the cultivation cages; after abalone fries are thrown in the culture cage, food is thrown in the annular channel; and starting a circulating pump to ensure that the circulating flow rate of water flow in the annular channel is 2-3 m/s.
3. The in situ ecological breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the cultivation cage is 8-12 layers, the aeration device is positioned in the middle of the lower part of the bottom of the cultivation cage, and the mixed cultivation aeration quantity of the aeration device is 15-25L/min2。
4. The in situ ecological breeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the coverage area of the algae tray is 70-90% of the area of the culture pond, and the length of the open space of the algae seedlings on the algae tray is more than 3 cm.
5. The in situ ecological breeding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the culture process, the water quality condition in the culture pond is controlled, the water temperature is not higher than 28 ℃, the salinity is controlled to be 25-35 per mill, the pH value is 7.6-8.6, the dissolved oxygen is 5-6mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 0.5mg/L, and the content of hydrogen sulfide is not more than 0.05 mg/L.
6. The in situ ecological breeding method according to claim 5, characterized in that: a sunshade net for adjusting the illumination intensity is arranged above the culture pond; and the water discharged from the culture pond is subjected to purification treatment and then circularly enters the culture pond.
7. The in-situ ecological breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: in the culture pond, the mass ratio of the caulerpa lentillifera to the abalone is more than 1.5: 1;
the stocking density of the abalone is as follows: 60 abalone fries with the specification of 1.5cm are cultured in each cage, or 45 abalone fries with the specification of 2.0cm, or 30 abalone fries with the specification of 3cm, or 20-25 abalone with the specification of more than 4cm to the finished product.
8. An in-situ ecological breeding system is characterized in that: the cultivation system comprises a cultivation pond, a water inlet system and a water outlet system, wherein the water inlet system and the water outlet system are connected with the cultivation pond, a plurality of groups of cultivation cages and algae trays for cultivating caulerpa longipedicularis are arranged in the cultivation pond, and the algae trays cover the cultivation cages; the cultivation cages are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', and a circulating pump is arranged in an annular channel formed by the cultivation cages; an aeration device is arranged below the bottom of the culture cage; the water exchange amount of the water inlet system meets the following requirements: after the abalone seedlings are put in the cultivation cage, the water change amount is 8-12% of the total amount every day in the first month, the water change amount is 12-18% of the total amount every day in the second month, the water change amount is increased by one month later, the water change amount is correspondingly increased by 4-6% until the water change amount is increased to 48-55%, and the water change amount is maintained to be not increased any more.
9. The in situ ecological breeding system of claim 8, wherein: the water inlet system comprises a high-level reservoir, a sedimentation tank, a first-level sand filter and a second-level sand filter, and a disinfection water tank, wherein seawater is pumped into the high-level reservoir by a water pump, and then enters the culture tank after sequentially passing through the sedimentation tank, the first-level sand filter and the second-level sand filter;
one side of the culture pond is provided with a sea grape culture water quality purification area and a seedling culture pond, and water discharged by the drainage system is filtered by the filter treatment pond, pumped into the sea grape culture water quality purification area by a water pump for purification and then enters the seedling culture pond.
10. The in situ ecological breeding system of claim 9, wherein: the total capacity of the high-level water reservoir and the water treatment tank is not less than 1/8 of the total aquaculture water body.
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