CN113331111A - Ecological economic abalone culture system - Google Patents
Ecological economic abalone culture system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113331111A CN113331111A CN202110415887.0A CN202110415887A CN113331111A CN 113331111 A CN113331111 A CN 113331111A CN 202110415887 A CN202110415887 A CN 202110415887A CN 113331111 A CN113331111 A CN 113331111A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture engineering, and particularly relates to an ecological and economical abalone culture system which comprises a water storage tank, a biochemical treatment tank, an algae purification tank, a seawater circulating purification system and a plurality of abalone culture tanks, wherein the water storage tank is used for storing seawater; the water storage tank, the biochemical treatment tank and the algae purification tank are sequentially communicated, wherein the algae purification tank is also respectively communicated with the plurality of abalone culture tanks in parallel; the water inlet end of the seawater circulation purification system is respectively communicated with the abalone culture ponds, and the water outlet end of the seawater circulation purification system is communicated with the biochemical treatment pond. The culture system is suitable for being reconstructed on the traditional culture pond, and the gravitational potential energy is fully utilized to push the flow of seawater in the system, so that the construction and operation costs of the system are remarkably reduced, and the culture system has the characteristics of stability, controllability and environmental friendliness of the traditional circulating water culture system; meanwhile, the utilization efficiency of biological resources in the system is optimized by fully utilizing the principle of the ecological food chain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an ecological and economical abalone culture system.
Background
Abalone is the crown of four seas, the meat is smooth and tender, the taste is delicious, the seafood is a marine product with high nutritive value, and the abalone in one bite is a bite gold, and the seafood is a high-grade seafood with high protein and low fat which is in line with the pursuit of modern people. The abalone yield of China is the first in the world, ten thousand tons of abalone are broken through as early as 2013, the total yield of the whole world is 93%, great economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are created, and abalone culture becomes an important component of the mariculture industry of China.
The sea area cage culture is the main culture mode of the abalones in China at present, and is popular among farmers due to low cost and simple and convenient operation. However, in recent years, the phenomena of marine pollution, seawater temperature rise, red tide and the like caused by environmental changes and human activities frequently occur, such as typhoon in Shandong in 2011, red tide in Fujian in 2012 and 2018, pollution in Luoyuan Bay in 2014 and the like, so that huge losses are brought to the abalone culture industry. In addition, with the stricter requirements of the national environmental protection standard on the discharge of the culture tail water, the past modes of large discharge, net cage culture and the like are gradually eliminated. Therefore, in recent years, researchers and farmers have focused on developing an industrial recirculating aquaculture model suitable for abalone. Chinese patent document CN104855330A discloses a "closed recirculating aquaculture system suitable for multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation of abalones", which comprises a culture tank, a filter box, a sewage collecting tank, a temperature regulating tank, a foam separator, a biological tank, an oxygen tank, an aeration disc, a water pump and other modular components, wherein the abalones are located in the culture tank equipped with the aeration disc, and aquaculture water enters the filter box from the culture tank, passes through the temperature regulating tank, the foam separator, the biological tank and the oxygen tank, and then returns to the culture tank again. Realizes the continuous and cyclic use of the aquaculture water, and has the advantages of controllable temperature, artificial wave generation, rapid and thorough water purification treatment, convenient operation, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like.
However, the technical scheme still has the defects that on one hand, the system is high in construction cost due to the fact that many modular components are involved and the system cannot be modified on the basis of the original conventional culture pond; on the other hand, the energy consumption of each component in the operation process is high, and the operation cost is high. In recent years, the quantity of abalone sold is seriously shrunk under the influence of the consumer market, and in addition, the blind expansion of the abalone culture industry in the past causes the excess of the capacity, so that the price of the abalone is continuously low in 2013. Under the influence of the epidemic situation in 2020, the price of abalone is further lowered. Therefore, an economic, ecological and controllable industrial culture mode is urgently needed by the abalone culture industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an ecological economic abalone culture system, which aims at the economic, ecological and controllable culture mode required by the current domestic abalone industry, is suitable for being reconstructed on the traditional culture pond, fully utilizes the gravitational potential energy to push the flow of seawater in the system, obviously reduces the construction and operation cost of the system, and has the characteristics of stability, controllability and environmental friendliness of the traditional circulating water culture system; meanwhile, the utilization efficiency of biological resources in the system is optimized by fully utilizing the principle of the ecological food chain.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ecological economic abalone culture system comprises a reservoir, a biochemical treatment pool, an algae purification pool, a seawater circulating purification system and a plurality of abalone culture pools; the water storage tank, the biochemical treatment tank and the algae purification tank are sequentially communicated, wherein the algae purification tank is also respectively communicated with the plurality of abalone culture tanks in parallel; the water inlet end of the seawater circulation purification system is respectively communicated with the abalone culture ponds, and the water outlet end of the seawater circulation purification system is communicated with the biochemical treatment pond.
The seawater circulating and purifying system comprises a water cooler, a protein separator, a first water pump, an ultraviolet sterilization box, a filter box and a main sewer pipe which are sequentially communicated, wherein the water discharge end of the water cooler is communicated with the biochemical treatment tank, and the water inlet end of the main sewer pipe is communicated with a plurality of abalone culture tanks in parallel; a plurality of ultraviolet lamps are distributed at the bottom of the ultraviolet sterilization box along the water flow direction; a plurality of biochemical filter cottons are inserted in the filter box in parallel, perforated partition boards are fixedly clamped on the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface of the biochemical filter cottons, and the perforated partition boards are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body of the filter box.
And, lay a plurality of confession abalone adnexed abalone in the abalone culture pond and breed the brick, the lower mouth of a river with total downcomer intercommunication is seted up at the bottom plate middle part in abalone culture pond, is equipped with many nanometer aeration pipes on the lateral wall in abalone culture pond admittedly, produces the swirl by many nanometer aeration pipes exhaust and drive water in the abalone culture pond, and admittedly is equipped with the abalone pond inlet tube with the alga purifying pond intercommunication on the lateral wall in abalone culture pond.
Moreover, a siphon regulating unit is connected to the lower water outlet of the abalone culture pond, and the water discharging end of the siphon regulating unit is communicated with the main sewer pipe; the siphon regulating and controlling unit comprises a water diversion pipe, a water outlet valve and an outer sleeve, wherein the water diversion pipe is a U-shaped pipe, the end part of one vertical section of the water diversion pipe is fixedly connected with the lower water gap in a sealing way, the other vertical section of the water diversion pipe is coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve in a penetrating way, the water outlet valve is arranged in the middle of the horizontal section of the water diversion pipe, and one end of the horizontal section of the water diversion pipe penetrates through the side wall of the outer sleeve in a sealing way; the outer sleeve is vertically arranged, the top of the outer sleeve extends upwards and is opened, and the bottom of the outer sleeve is communicated and fixedly connected with a main sewer pipe.
And the top of the biochemical treatment tank is provided with a biochemical tank water inlet pipe communicated with the water cooler, the bottom of the biochemical treatment tank is provided with a submersible pump and a water level controller communicated with the water storage tank and a siphon connecting pipe communicated with the algae purification tank, a plurality of lifting ropes are fixedly connected in parallel along the horizontal direction in the biochemical treatment tank, and biochemical fillers are fixedly hung on the lifting ropes.
Moreover, the top of the algae purification pond is provided with an algae pond water outlet pipe communicated with the abalone culture ponds, the bottom of the algae purification pond is provided with a siphon connecting pipe communicated with the biochemical treatment pond, and a plurality of lifting ropes which are the same as the lifting ropes in the biochemical treatment pond are fixedly connected in parallel along the horizontal direction in the algae purification pond; the other end of the water outlet pipe of the algae pond extends upwards out of the algae purification pond and is connected with a second water pump, and the water outlet end of the second water pump is provided with a water outlet valve and is respectively communicated with a plurality of abalone pond water inlet pipes; seaweed is wound and fixed on the lifting ropes.
The invention has the advantages and technical effects that:
(1) the ecological economic abalone culture system is a low-energy consumption culture system, the topographic difference between a culture pond and a trench and the water level difference between an algae purification pond and an abalone culture pond are fully utilized, most of the flow of seawater in the system is pushed by gravitational potential energy, and only a water pump (reference total power 900w) and an ultraviolet lamp tube (reference total power 400w) in the whole system are in a long-term operation state. The submersible pump is started only once a day during automatic water replenishing, and the water chiller is intermittently started only in summer months (7-9 months) every year. The energy consumption is reduced to the maximum extent while the water quality purification effect is ensured, so that the culture cost is reduced, and the culture benefit is improved.
(2) The ecological economic abalone culture system is an ecological mixed culture system, abalone and seaweed are mixed cultured in the system, the seaweed can absorb pollutants such as excess nutritive salt in water, the harvested seaweed can be eaten by the abalone, and the high-efficiency utilization of biological resources in the system is realized through the ecological food chain principle.
(3) The ecological and economical abalone culture system disclosed by the invention combines the advantages of the traditional circulating water culture system, the culture environment and the water quality are stable and controllable, and the healthy growth of cultured organisms can be guaranteed; meanwhile, the system has the characteristic of environmental friendliness, the system which runs stably only needs to supplement water lost by evaporation every day, and the effect of zero discharge of the culture sewage can be basically achieved under the condition of saving water resources.
(4) According to the ecological and economical abalone culture system, the abalone culture bricks are laid at the bottom of the abalone culture pond, and the nano aeration pipe is arranged on the wall of the pond, so that the direct contact environment of abalone culture is optimized; seawater in each culture pond enters a filter box and an ultraviolet sterilization box in the trench through a sewer pipe for rough filtration and sterilization; then water is pumped to a protein separator by a water pump to remove foam impurities; then the seawater enters a biochemical treatment tank, and the seawater is subjected to nitrification and denitrification treatment through biochemical fillers suspended on the lifting ropes; the treated seawater enters an algae purification pond, and excess nutrient salt in the seawater is absorbed by the large-scale algae cultured on the lifting rope; finally, the seawater returns to the abalone culture pond again for use, and meanwhile, the algae growing in the algae purification pond can also be used as high-quality abalone live baits. In addition, the system is also provided with an automatic water replenishing function and a cooling function. The culture system is suitable for being reconstructed on a traditional culture pond, and the gravitational potential energy is fully utilized to push the flow of seawater in the system, so that the construction and operation costs of the system are remarkably reduced, and the culture system has the characteristics of stability, controllability and environmental friendliness of the traditional circulating water culture system; meanwhile, the utilization efficiency of biological resources in the system is optimized by fully utilizing the principle of the ecological food chain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the abalone culture system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an abalone culture pond according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a siphon connection structure between an abalone culture pond and a main sewer pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a filter box according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the ultraviolet sterilization case according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a biochemical treatment tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an algae purification pond according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-abalone culture pond; 2-abalone culture bricks; 3-a water outlet; 4-a nano aeration pipe; 5-abalone; 6-a water diversion pipe; 7-water outlet valve; 8-outer sleeve; 9-main sewer pipe; 10-a filter box; 11-a perforated partition plate; 12-biochemical filter cotton; 13-ultraviolet sterilization box; 14-ultraviolet light; 15-a first water pump; 16-a protein separator; 17-a water chiller; 18-a water inlet pipe of the biochemical pool; 19-biochemical treatment pool; 20-lifting a rope; 21-biochemical filler; 22-siphon connecting pipe; 23-a light supplement lamp; 24-an algae purification pond; 25-a lifting rope; 26-seaweed; 27-an algae pond water outlet pipe; 28-a second water pump; 29-abalone pool water inlet valve; 30-abalone pool water inlet pipe; 31-a water reservoir; 32-submersible pump; 33-water level controller.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following examples, which are to be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the present embodiment is illustrative, not restrictive, and the scope of the invention should not be limited thereby.
An ecological economic abalone culture system comprises a reservoir 31, a biochemical treatment pool 19, an algae purification pool 24, a seawater circulating purification system and a plurality of abalone culture pools 1; the water storage tank, the biochemical treatment tank and the algae purification tank are sequentially communicated, wherein the algae purification tank is also respectively communicated with the plurality of abalone culture tanks in parallel; the water inlet end of the seawater circulation purification system is respectively communicated with the abalone culture ponds, and the water outlet end of the seawater circulation purification system is communicated with the biochemical treatment pond.
Moreover, the seawater circulating and purifying system comprises a water chiller 17, a protein separator 16, a first water pump 15, an ultraviolet sterilization box 13, a filter box 10 and a main sewer pipe 9 which are sequentially communicated, wherein the drainage end of the water chiller is communicated with the biochemical treatment pool, and the water inlet end of the main sewer pipe is communicated with a plurality of abalone culture pools in parallel; a plurality of ultraviolet lamps 14 are distributed at the bottom of the ultraviolet sterilization box along the water flow direction; a plurality of biochemical filter cottons are inserted in the filter box in parallel, perforated partition boards 11 are fixedly clamped on the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface of the biochemical filter cottons 12, and the perforated partition boards are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body of the filter box.
Moreover, lay a plurality of supplies 5 adnexed abalone of abalone to breed brick 2 in the abalone culture pond, the lower mouth of a river 3 with total downcomer intercommunication is seted up at the bottom plate middle part in abalone culture pond, is equipped with many nanometer aeration pipes 4 on the lateral wall in abalone culture pond admittedly, drives the internal water production swirl of abalone culture pond by many nanometer aeration pipe exhausts, and admittedly is equipped with the abalone pond inlet tube 30 with the alga purifying pond intercommunication on the lateral wall in abalone culture pond.
Moreover, a siphon regulating unit is connected to the lower water outlet of the abalone culture pond, and the water discharging end of the siphon regulating unit is communicated with the main sewer pipe; the siphon regulating and controlling unit comprises a water diversion pipe 6, a water outlet valve 7 and an outer sleeve 8, wherein the water diversion pipe is a U-shaped pipe, the end part of one vertical section of the water diversion pipe is fixedly connected with the lower water gap in a sealing way, the other vertical section of the water diversion pipe is coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve in a penetrating way, the water outlet valve is arranged in the middle of the horizontal section of the water diversion pipe, and one end of the horizontal section of the water diversion pipe penetrates through the side wall of the outer sleeve in a sealing way; the outer sleeve is vertically arranged, the top of the outer sleeve extends upwards and is opened, and the bottom of the outer sleeve is communicated and fixedly connected with a main sewer pipe.
Moreover, the top of the biochemical treatment pool is provided with a biochemical pool water inlet pipe 18 communicated with the water cooler, the bottom of the biochemical treatment pool is provided with a submersible pump 32 and a water level controller 33 communicated with the water storage pool and a siphon connecting pipe 22 communicated with the algae purification pool, a plurality of lifting ropes 20 are fixedly connected in parallel along the horizontal direction in the biochemical treatment pool, and biochemical fillers 21 are fixedly hung on the lifting ropes.
Moreover, the top of the algae purification pool is provided with an algae pool water outlet pipe 27 communicated with the abalone culture pools, the bottom of the algae purification pool is provided with a siphon connecting pipe 22 communicated with the biochemical treatment pool, and a plurality of lifting ropes which are the same as the inner part of the biochemical treatment pool are fixedly connected in parallel along the horizontal direction in the algae purification pool; the other end of the water outlet pipe of the algae pond extends upwards out of the algae purification pond and is connected with a second water pump 28, and the water outlet end of the second water pump is provided with an abalone pond water inlet valve 29 and is respectively communicated with a plurality of abalone pond water inlet pipes; the hanging ropes are all wound and fixed with seaweeds 26.
In addition, the present invention preferably has a supplementary lighting lamp 23 suspended above the algae cultivation pond for promoting photosynthesis of the algae and providing a suitable illumination living environment for the algae.
In order to more clearly describe the specific embodiments of the present invention, an example is provided below:
an ecological and economic abalone culture system is shown in figure 1, and the main structure of the system comprises an abalone culture pond 1, a biochemical treatment pond 19, an algae purification pond 24, a water storage tank 31, a filter box 10, an ultraviolet sterilization box 13 and a protein separator 16, wherein the connecting parts of the system comprise a water dividing pipe 6, a main sewer pipe 9, a biochemical pond water inlet pipe 18 (shown in figure 6), a siphon connecting pipe 22, an algae pond water outlet pipe 27 (shown in figure 7) and an abalone pond water inlet pipe 30, and other main parts of the system comprise abalone culture bricks 2, biochemical fillers 21, a first water pump 15, a second water pump 28, a submersible pump 32, a water level controller 33, a water cooling machine 17, an abalone pond water outlet valve 7 and an abalone pond water inlet valve 29. Wherein, the abalone pool 1, the biochemical pool 19, the algae pool 24 and the water storage pool 31 are built on the ground of the workshop, and the water diversion pipe 6, the main sewer pipe 9, the filter box 10 and the ultraviolet sterilization box 13 are arranged in the adjacent trench.
The operation principle of the invention is as follows: abalone is cultured in each abalone culture pond 1, seawater in the culture pond continuously enters a main sewer pipe 9 through a shunt pipe 6 and then enters a filter box 10 for filtering, and granular dirt in the water is removed; then enters an ultraviolet sterilization box 13 to remove harmful microorganisms in the water through the ultraviolet sterilization function; under the action of a first water pump 15, seawater in the ultraviolet sterilization tank enters a protein separator to separate foam waste; then the seawater enters a biochemical treatment tank 19 and is subjected to nitrification and denitrification treatment under the action of biochemical fillers 21; the treated seawater enters an algae purification pond 24, and returns to the abalone culture pond 1 again under the action of a second water pump 28 after being purified by algae 26; meanwhile, the algae 26 grown in the algae purification pond 24 can be utilized as natural baits for abalone. In addition, the system is also provided with a water level controller 33 matched with a submersible pump 32, and the water lost due to evaporation in the system can be automatically supplemented every day; the water cooler 17 is arranged, so that the seawater can be cooled in high-temperature seasons in summer. In this embodiment, because this system is indoor operation system, the inside heat preservation effect that has in winter workshop, and daily moisturizing volume can not cause the condition that the water temperature is less than the tolerance lower limit of abalone, so need not heating or heat preservation device.
The operation principle and the implementation mode of each part of the abalone culture system are as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, an abalone brick 2 is laid at the bottom of an abalone culture pond 1, the abalone brick is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or Polyethylene (PE), and the color is dark so as to adapt to the habit of abalones; abalone with the specification of 1.0-10.0cm can be cultured at the bottom of the abalone brick; the walls of the peripheral pond are provided with the nano aeration pipes 4, so that the water flow is driven by the airflow to rotate anticlockwise or clockwise while the aquaculture water body is oxygenated, and the particle pollutants generated in the aquaculture process are driven to be gathered and discharged to the water outlet 3 in the center of the aquaculture pond; meanwhile, the water inlet direction of the water inlet 30 of the abalone pool is consistent with the rotation direction of the pool water. In this embodiment, the abalone culture pond 1 has the dimensions of 4m long by 4m wide by 1.5m high, and the water level in the pond is controlled at 50cm by a sewer overflow pipe (as shown in fig. 3); the abalone cultivating brick 2 has the dimensions of 50cm long, 38cm wide and 11cm high, and the laying density is 2 blocks/m2The material is PVC, and the color is black; the nano aeration pipe 4 is made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and has the diameter of 2cm, the diameter of an aeration hole is 20-30 mu m, and the distance from the bottom end to the water surface is 10 cm; the position of the water inlet 30 of the abalone pool is 30cm away from the top of the pool.
As shown in figure 3, the culture tail water in the abalone culture pond 1 enters the outer sleeve pipe 8 through the shunt pipe 6 and enters the main sewer pipe 9 under the action of overflow, and the control of the water level in the culture pond 1 can be realized by controlling the height of the shunt pipe 6 in the outer sleeve pipe 8. Meanwhile, the water outlet flow of each abalone culture pond 1 can be controlled by adjusting the water outlet valve 7. In this embodiment, the water diversion pipe 6 is made of PVC, and has a diameter of 10 cm; the outer sleeve 8 and the main sewer pipe 9 are made of PVC and have the diameter of 20 cm; the water level in the culture pond is controlled at 50 cm.
As shown in figure 4, seawater in the main sewer pipe 9 flows through a filter box 10, 4 biochemical filter cottons 12 with the filtering hole diameters from large to small are sequentially placed in the filter box along the water flow direction, and two sides of each filter cotton are supported and fixed by a partition board 11 with holes, so that granular pollutants in the aquaculture water are filtered. In this embodiment, the filter box has a length of 2m × a width of 1m × a height of 1m, and is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic; the biochemical filter cotton has the size of 1m in length, 1m in width and 0.4m in thickness.
As shown in fig. 5, the filtered seawater enters the ultraviolet sterilizing box, and under the action of ultraviolet light, harmful microorganisms in the water are removed. In this embodiment, the size of the ultraviolet sterilization box is 2m long by 1m wide by 1m high by 1m, and the material is glass fiber reinforced plastic; the power of the ultraviolet lamps is 100 w/root, and the number of the ultraviolet lamps is 4.
As shown in fig. 1, after being sterilized by ultraviolet, the seawater enters a protein separator 16 under the action of a first water pump 15, various fine particle dirt and soluble organic matters in the water body are removed under the action of ascending air bubble air flotation, and then the seawater flows into a biochemical treatment tank 19. In this example, the volume of the protein separator was 0.5m3(ii) a The power of the first water pump 15 is 650 w.
As shown in figure 6, seawater enters a biochemical treatment tank 19 from a biochemical tank water inlet pipe 18, lifting ropes 20 are fixed on two sides of the tank wall in a punching mode, biochemical fillers 21 are suspended on the lifting ropes, after cultivation for a period of time, bacterial films grow on the biochemical fillers 21, nitrification and denitrification treatment can be carried out on the seawater, the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the seawater is remarkably reduced, and the seawater enters an algae purification tank 24 from a siphon connecting pipe 22 after biochemical treatment. In this embodiment, the biochemical treatment tank 19 has a length of 4m, a width of 4m and a height of 1.5m, and the water level in the tank is about 1.4 m; the lifting rope 20 is made of a coated steel wire and is suspended 10cm below the water surface; the biochemical filler 21 is in the type of biochemical brush, is made of polyamide, has a length of 1m, a diameter of 12cm and a suspension density of 35 pieces/m2(ii) a The siphon connecting pipe 22 and the water inlet pipe 30 are made of PVC and have the diameter of 10 cm.
As shown in fig. 7, seawater enters the algae purification pond 24 through a siphon manner, lifting ropes 25 are fixed on two sides of the pond wall through a punching manner, and macroalgae 26 are fixed on the lifting ropes, wherein the algae can be common abalone bait such as asparagus, kelp and undaria pinnatifida, and the algae need to be fresh live algae or algae seedlings. And lighting equipment is uniformly arranged above the algae pool, the illumination of the water surface is controlled to be 800 plus 1200lux, and the illumination rule is alternated for 12 hours in the day and at night, so that the growth requirement of the macroalgae is met. After being purified by algae, the seawater enters each abalone culture pond through the water outlet pipe 27 under the action of the second water pump 28 (shown in figure 1). Meanwhile, the increased seaweed in the pond can be directly used as the bait of the abalone. In this embodiment, the lifting rope 21 is made of a coated steel wire and is suspended 10cm below the water surface; the type of the lighting lamp is an energy-saving LED lamp, and the water surface illumination is 900 lux; the algae is fresh Gracilaria lemaneiformis, and nutrient salt solution is periodically added into pond water according to the growth condition of the Gracilaria lemaneiformis; the second water pump 28 has a power of 250 w.
As shown in fig. 1, the treated seawater is returned to the abalone culture pond 1 through the abalone pond inlet pipe 30 (fig. 1) for recycling. Meanwhile, a water inlet valve 29 is installed on the water inlet pipe 30 to regulate water flow. By adjusting the opening and closing degree of the water inlet valve 29 and the water outlet valve 7, the water circulation rate in the system can be controlled, and the water level in each pool in the system is kept stable. Preferably, the daily water circulation in the abalone culture circulating water system should be 4-8 times of the total water quantity of the culture system to maintain good water quality. In the present embodiment, the circulation rate of water in the system was 381.47m3And d, reaching 5.24 times of the total water quantity of the culture system.
Furthermore, the water level controller 33 with the submersible pump 32 can automatically extract the clean seawater in the reservoir 31 into the circulating water system according to the water level in the biochemical treatment tank 19. In the present embodiment, the water level controller 33 is configured as a double-float water level sensing switch; the power of the submersible pump 32 is 220 w; the daily water supplement amount of the system is about 10 percent of the total water amount of the system.
Further, in high-temperature seasons in summer, the water cooler 17 can be started to maintain the water temperature in the system within the reasonable tolerance range of the abalones. In this embodiment, the chiller power is 2000 w.
Preferably, the ratio of the effective seawater volumes of the system water treatment module and the abalone culture module is 1: 1-3: 1. in this embodiment, the ratio is about 2: 1.
the abalone culture system disclosed by the invention combines the advantages of the traditional circulating water culture system, can provide a controllable and stable indoor culture environment for abalones, saves the tedious work of changing water, cleaning dirt and the like every day, does not need to discharge or supplement seawater in large quantities, and belongs to an environment-friendly culture system. On the basis, aiming at the defects of high construction cost and high energy consumption of the traditional circulating water culture system, the invention provides the culture system which can be realized by slightly changing the structure of a culture pond in a conventional workshop, so that the construction cost is reduced; meanwhile, the gravitational potential energy is fully utilized to promote the flow of seawater in the system, and the seawater is matched with the interior of a workshop with good heat preservation and heat insulation performance, so that heating and temperature control are not needed in winter, and only a water cooler needs to be opened discontinuously in summer, so that the power consumption is controlled to the maximum extent, the breeding cost is reduced, and the breeding benefit is indirectly improved; in addition, still make full use of ecological food chain principle, breed abalone and its bait alga simultaneously in the system, when utilizing alga to purify quality of water, also provide food for the abalone, optimized the ecological efficiency in the system, promoted the breed benefit.
The ultraviolet lamp 14 is purchased from Guangzhou Philips Limited and has the model number of TL-100W/01; the first water pump 15 and the second water pump 28 are purchased from Guangdong campsis pump company GmbH, with the models of TDA-120 and TDA-50 respectively; the water chiller 17 is purchased from the national taikang refrigeration equipment limited company, model AW105 KT; the submersible pump 32 is purchased from Guangdong Haili Co., Ltd, and has the model number of HX-8670; the water level controller 33 is purchased from Ireke electric engineering, Zhejiang, and has a model number of 70 AB-1.
Experimental example:
in order to verify the actual culture effect of the system, the total number of 180-day-old haliotis discus hannai seedlings is 5.76 ten thousand, and the density is 1200 grains/m2. Meanwhile, the asparagus is cultivated in the algae purifying pond, the abalone is fed with the cultivated asparagus and the compound feed, the feeding is carried out for 1 time every day, and the feeding amount is 5 percent of the total weight of the abalone. After 6 months of culture, the average shell length of the abalone fry is increased from 1.91cm to 3.78cm, and the growth rate of the shell length is 103.89 mu m/d; the body weight is increased from 0.92g to 6.49g, and the weight increase rate is 30.94 mg/d; the culture survival rate is 91.46%. And the water quality in each culture unit in the culture process keeps good level, which basically reaches the national class I seawater standard GB 3097-1997 (Table 1).
TABLE 1 comparison of seawater quality of the aquaculture system of the present invention with national first class seawater standards
Finally, the invention preferably adopts mature products and mature technical means in the prior art.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological and economical abalone culture system, which is characterized in that: comprises a reservoir, a biochemical treatment pool, an algae purification pool, a seawater circulating purification system and a plurality of abalone culture pools; the water storage tank, the biochemical treatment tank and the algae purification tank are sequentially communicated, wherein the algae purification tank is also respectively communicated with the plurality of abalone culture tanks in parallel; the water inlet end of the seawater circulating and purifying system is respectively communicated with the abalone culture ponds, and the water outlet end of the seawater circulating and purifying system is communicated with the biochemical treatment pond.
2. An eco-economical abalone culture system according to claim 1, characterized by: the seawater circulating and purifying system comprises a water chiller, a protein separator, a first water pump, an ultraviolet sterilization box, a filter box and a main sewer pipe which are sequentially communicated, wherein the water discharge end of the water chiller is communicated with the biochemical treatment tank, and the water inlet end of the main sewer pipe is communicated with a plurality of abalone culture tanks in parallel; a plurality of ultraviolet lamps are distributed at the bottom of the ultraviolet sterilization box along the water flow direction; the filter box is characterized in that a plurality of biochemical filter cottons are inserted in the filter box in parallel, perforated partition plates are fixedly clamped on the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface of each biochemical filter cotton, and the perforated partition plates are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body of the filter box.
3. An eco-economical abalone culture system according to claim 1, characterized by: lay a plurality of adnexed abalone of confession abalone and breed the brick in the abalone culture pond, the lower mouth of a river with total downcomer intercommunication is seted up at the bottom plate middle part in abalone culture pond, is equipped with many nanometer aeration pipes on the lateral wall in abalone culture pond admittedly, produces the swirl by many nanometer aeration pipe exhaust and drive water in the abalone culture pond, and admittedly is equipped with the abalone pond inlet tube with the alga purifying pond intercommunication on the lateral wall in abalone culture pond.
4. An eco-economical abalone culture system according to claim 3, characterized by: a siphon regulating unit is connected to the lower water outlet of the abalone culture pond, and the water discharging end of the siphon regulating unit is communicated with a main sewer pipe; the siphon regulating and controlling unit comprises a water diversion pipe, a water outlet valve and an outer sleeve, wherein the water diversion pipe is a U-shaped pipe, the end part of one vertical section of the water diversion pipe is fixedly connected with the lower water gap in a sealing way, the other vertical section of the water diversion pipe is coaxially arranged in the outer sleeve in a penetrating way, the water outlet valve is arranged in the middle of the horizontal section of the water diversion pipe, and one end of the horizontal section of the water diversion pipe penetrates through the side wall of the outer sleeve in a sealing way; the outer sleeve is vertically arranged, the top of the outer sleeve extends upwards and is opened, and the bottom of the outer sleeve is communicated and fixedly connected with a main sewer pipe.
5. An eco-economical abalone culture system according to claim 1, characterized by: the top in biochemical treatment pond is equipped with the biochemical pond inlet tube of intercommunication cold water machine, and the bottom in biochemical treatment pond is equipped with the immersible pump and the water level controller of intercommunication cistern and communicates the siphon connecting pipe in algae purification pond, has many lifting ropes along the parallel rigid coupling of horizontal direction in the biochemical treatment pond, all fixes hanging biochemical filler on this lifting rope.
6. An eco-economical abalone culture system according to claim 1, characterized by: the top of the algae purification pond is provided with algae pond water outlet pipes communicated with the abalone culture ponds, the bottom of the algae purification pond is provided with a siphon connecting pipe communicated with the biochemical treatment pond, and a plurality of lifting ropes which are the same as the inner part of the biochemical treatment pond are fixedly connected in parallel along the horizontal direction in the algae purification pond; the other end of the water outlet pipe of the algae pond extends upwards out of the algae purification pond and is connected with a second water pump, and the water outlet end of the second water pump is provided with a water outlet valve and is respectively communicated with a plurality of abalone pond water inlet pipes; seaweed is wound and fixed on the lifting ropes.
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