CN212260168U - Pond culture system capable of promoting material circulation - Google Patents
Pond culture system capable of promoting material circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN212260168U CN212260168U CN202020404495.5U CN202020404495U CN212260168U CN 212260168 U CN212260168 U CN 212260168U CN 202020404495 U CN202020404495 U CN 202020404495U CN 212260168 U CN212260168 U CN 212260168U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a pond culture system for promoting material circulation, wherein water in a grass carp culture pond is sourced from a reservoir and is communicated with the reservoir through a water pump; the bottom of each grass carp culture pond is communicated with a sewage collecting well through a particulate matter collecting pipe; the sewage collecting well is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond through an ecological ditch; the river crab culture pond is separated by a plurality of pond ridges, each pond ridge is provided with a notch in the diagonal direction close to the river crab culture pond, and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond, so that water flow forms a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond; a boss is arranged at the bottom of a region enclosed by two adjacent pond ridges and a pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond; the water in the river crab culture pond is purified by the artificial wetland and returns to the reservoir. The utility model effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the feed and reduces the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultivated organisms; the discharge of pollutants in pond culture is reduced; the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a pond culture system especially relates to a pond culture system who promotes material circulation.
Background
The pollution of pond culture to water is mainly from feed nutrients which are not utilized by culture organisms, and researches show that only 20-30% of nitrogen and 40-45% of phosphorus in the feed are utilized by the culture organisms, and other nitrogen and phosphorus all enter a culture environment in the forms of residual feed, excrement and dissolved state to become nutrient-rich substances causing water pollution. Therefore, the method improves the utilization rate of the feed, converts nutrient substances into biomass of cultured organisms as much as possible, reduces the proportion of the nutrients entering the surrounding environment, and is the key for solving the problem of environmental pollution of aquaculture.
Increasing the nutrition utilization level of an aquaculture ecosystem is one of effective means for improving the feed utilization efficiency, and the aquaculture pond as a closed ecosystem can prolong a food chain by putting in aquaculture organisms with different ecological niches, so that feed which is not utilized by high-nutrition-level organisms such as cultured fishes is ingested by low-nutrition-level organisms, and the low-nutrition-level organisms are used as bait of the fishes to further improve the conversion of feed nutrition to cultured objects, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the feed utilization rate. At present, the nutrition level of pond culture organisms is few, generally, the pond culture organisms are mainly cultured fishes and mixedly cultured fishes, the mainly cultured fishes are used for generating economic benefits, the mixedly cultured fishes are used for adjusting water quality, the lack of the nutrition level of the organisms in the traditional culture mode causes unsmooth material circulation and shorter food chain, the traditional pond is simple in structure, and if too many culture varieties are put in one pond, the mutual influence of different culture varieties is easily caused, so that the yield is reduced. Therefore, how to design a targeted pond facility and system according to the biological habits and nutritional requirements of culture objects is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a can realize improving pond culture system structure of feed utilization ratio, the breed biology through putting in different ecological niches prolongs the food chain, and the fodder that high nutrition level biology such as the fish that makes the breed does not utilize passes through the utility model relates to a pond structure realizes that the horizontal direction flows, is ingested by low nutrition level's biology, regard as the bait of fish with low nutrition level biology again, and the water plants absorbs the nutrient of dissolving in the aquatic, becomes river crab's natural bait, further improves the conversion of feed nutrition to the breed object to the realization improves the purpose of feed substance circulation.
The utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
a pond culture system and structure for promoting material circulation comprises a grass carp culture area, a snail, silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 and a river crab culture pond 2; the grass carp culture area comprises a water storage tank, a plurality of grass carp culture ponds 1 are arranged in the water storage tank, and water in the grass carp culture ponds 1 comes from the water storage tank and is communicated with the water storage tank through a water pump; the bottom of each grass carp culture pond 1 is communicated with a sewage collecting well 5; the sewage collecting well 5 is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond 3; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is communicated with the river crab culture pond 2 through an ecological ditch 4; the river crab culture pond 2 is separated by a plurality of pond ridges 8, each pond ridge is provided with a notch in the diagonal direction close to the river crab culture pond 2, and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond 2, so that water flow forms a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond 2; the bottom of the region enclosed by the two adjacent pond ridges and the pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond 2 is provided with a lug boss 9.
Preferably, the reservoir is rectangular, one side of the reservoir is correspondingly attached to the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, and the other adjacent side of the reservoir is separated from the river crab culture pond 2 through the artificial wetland 6.
Preferably, the grass carp culture ponds 1 are distributed in the reservoir in an array manner, and the sewage collecting well 5 is arranged at a node of each of the four adjacent grass carp culture ponds 1.
Furthermore, the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is approximately rectangular, and a fish blocking net 7 is arranged at the position where the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond 2.
Furthermore, one side of the ecological ditch 4 is the edge of the river crab culture pond 2, and the other side is a pond ridge 8.
Furthermore, a waterwheel aerator 10 is arranged in each grass carp culture pond 1 at a position 2 m away from the square section, and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the center line of the grass carp culture pond (1).
Furthermore, a plurality of waterwheel oxygen increasing machines 10 are also arranged at the water inlet of the river crab culture pond 2.
Furthermore, the pond culture system is in a quadrilateral shape under the view angle of the flat whole plane.
Furthermore, the corner part of each grass carp culture pond 1 is provided with a square cutting corner structure.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:
1) the multi-stage utilization of the nutrition of the feed is realized, the conversion efficiency of the nutrient substances of the feed to breeding objects such as fish, crab and the like is improved through the substance circulation of the nutrients at a plurality of nutrition levels, the generation of rich nutrient substances and the proportion of the nutrient substances entering water are reduced, and the pollution of aquaculture to the environment is solved.
2) The utilization efficiency of the feed is effectively improved, and the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultured organisms is reduced;
3) the discharge of pollutants for pond culture is reduced, and the treatment cost of culture tail water is saved;
4) the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved.
5) Facilities such as the impounding reservoir, the grass carp culture pond, the ecological ditch, the river crab culture pond and the like have compact structures and ingenious design, and have wide popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the pond culture system and structure for promoting circulation of materials according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic feed nutrient delivery.
Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a grass carp culture pond.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the water circulation flow direction.
Fig. 5 is a perspective layout view of the pond culture system and structure for promoting material circulation of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a grass carp culture pond; 2. a river crab culture pond; 3. a snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond; 4. an ecological ditch; 5. a sewage collecting well; 6. artificial wetland; 7. a fish blocking net; 8. a pond ridge; 9. a boss; 10. a waterwheel aerator; 1-1. water inlet of water pump; 1-2. bottom hole; 1-3, a particulate matter collecting pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a pond with a large area (15 mu) is used for ecological engineering transformation, the pond is divided into two economic variety production areas of a grass carp culture pond 1 and a river crab culture pond 2 according to the biological habits of culture objects, the economic variety production areas are used as a first-level utilization level of feed nutrition, the rear end of the grass carp culture pond 1 is provided with a spiral shell chub culture pond 3 which is used as a second-level utilization level of feed nutrition, and the river crab culture pond 2 is planted with submerged plants which are used as a third-level utilization level of feed nutrition. Wherein, the grass carp culture pond 1 is arranged in a water reservoir, and the water source of the grass carp culture pond comes from the water reservoir.
Residual baits and feces in the grass carp culture pond 1 are collected and enter a snail and silver carp culture pond 3, organic sediments such as the residual baits and the feces are directly eaten as baits of snails, the snails bred in large quantities are artificially harvested to become natural baits of river crabs, and nutrient-rich substances generated by decomposition of the unused residual baits and feces become nutrient sources of microalgae, promote the propagation of plankton such as the microalgae and the like, and become silver carp and bighead carp biomass after being filtered by the silver carp and bighead carp; the unused eutrophic substances are further absorbed by submerged plants in a river crab culture pond, the submerged plants are manually salvaged and put into a grass carp culture pond to serve as bait of grass carps, so that the multi-stage utilization of feed nutrition is realized, the conversion efficiency of the feed nutritive substances to culture objects such as fish crabs and the like is improved through the substance circulation of nutrients at a plurality of nutrition levels, the proportion of the eutrophic substances to enter a water body is reduced, and the pollution of aquaculture to the environment is solved.
The grass carp culture pond adopts an industrial culture facility, artificial feed is adopted to carry out high-density culture of grass-eating fishes, 6 culture ponds are built by stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic and have a square corner-cut structure, the size is 15 meters multiplied by 2 meters, the corner-cut edge is 2 meters, the maximum designed water depth is 1.8 meters, and the grass carp culture pond accounts for 10 percent of the total area of the system. Each 2 culture ponds are 1 set, and a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production. The stainless steel square tube is welded to serve as a framework, a 1.5mm stainless steel plate or a 6-8 mm glass steel plate serves as a pool wall, and the stainless steel plate is welded by spot welding. The difference between the water level inside and outside the pool is not more than 30 cm. The bottom of the pool is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the bottom slope is reduced by 1 percent. Every is bred and all installs waterwheel oxygen-increasing machine, water pump in the pond, and the water circulation of entire system is realized to the water pump, and 6 intensification pond ponds all are equipped with particulate matter collecting pipe and collection dirty well, can collect the collection dirty well with particulate matters such as fish excrement, residual feed through breeding pond bottom hole and pipeline, rely on the water head to flow to spiral shell silver carp bighead carp breed district 3 again and carry out the physics and deposit.
The snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond 3 is positioned at the rear end of the grass carp breeding pond, the depth of water in the region is deeper, the depth of the water should be more than 3 meters, the ridge of the pond is slower, and the slope ratio is 3:1, so that the resting area of snails is increased. The snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond accounts for 15% of the total area of the system. Throwing a large amount of snails into the pond, and scraping organic sediments at the bottom of the pond, wherein the throwing amount is not less than 3kg/m2The proliferated snails are harvested at regular intervals and put into a river crab culture pond to be used as baits, so that secondary utilization of feed nutrition is realized. Silver carp and bighead carp are as follows: and (3) spotted silver carp: 1, and filtering and feeding the algae in the water body.
The river crab culture pond 2 is positioned at the rear end of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, occupies 75 percent of the total area of the system, and is in a peripheral annular ditch form, the depth of the annular ditch is 1 meter, the width of the annular ditch is 3 meters, and the depth of the boss is 0.6 meter. The bosses are mainly planted with eel grass, the annular ditches are mainly planted with waterweed, water quality purification is carried out, rich nutrient substances in water are absorbed to become aquatic plant organisms, and the aquatic plant organisms are periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond, so that nutrient substances which are not ingested by grass carps return to the bodies of the grass carps.
The snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is connected with the river crab culture pond through the ecological ditch, is 6 meters wide, and is internally planted with emergent aquatic plants, and the main function is to improve the transparency of a water body entering the river crab culture pond so as to avoid influencing the survival rate of submerged plants in the river crab culture pond.
It should be noted that the water circulation power of the whole system is realized by using a water pump as power or by using a high-low fall way.
The following is a more specific example:
and (3) selecting 20 mu river crab culture ponds for engineering transformation, wherein the whole system is 190 meters long and 70 meters wide. 6 grass carp culture ponds are built by stainless steel, are of square-cut-angle-shaped structures, have the dimensions of 15 meters multiplied by 2 meters, have the cut-angle edges of 2 meters, have the maximum designed water depth of 1.8 meters, have the area of about 200 square meters and have the yield of 4500kg per pond. Each 2 culture ponds are 1 set, and a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production. The grass carp culture pond is constructed in a non-hardened structure, stainless steel square tubes are welded to serve as a framework, 1.5mm stainless steel plates serve as the pond wall, and the stainless steel plates are welded in a spot welding mode. The bottom of the pool is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the bottom slope is reduced by 1 percent. Every is bred and all installs waterwheel oxygen-increasing machine, water pump in the pond, and the water circulation of entire system is realized to the water pump, and 6 grass carp are bred the pond and all are equipped with particulate matter collecting pipe and collection dirty well, can collect collection dirty well with particulate matters such as fish excrement, residual feed through breeding pond bottom hole and pipeline, rely on the water head difference to flow to spiral shell silver carp bighead carp breed district again and carry out the physics and deposit. The area of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is 2.8 mu, the length is 75 m, the width is 25 m, the depth is 3 m, and the amount is 3kg/m2Throwing snails, throwing 1500 silver carps of 1.5kg and 500 bighead carps of 1.5kg, regularly harvesting the proliferated snails, and throwing the snails into the river crab culture pond as bait. The ecological ditch is 100 meters long and 6 meters wide, and emergent aquatic plants are planted. The rear ends of the ecological ditches are 4 river crab culture ponds with different areas, the river crab culture ponds are connected through pond ridge notches, circular ditches are dug around the river crab culture ponds, the water depth of the circular ditches is 1 meter, the width of the circular ditches is 3 meters, and the water depth of the bosses is 0.6 meter. The lug boss is mainly planted with tape grass, the annular ditch is mainly planted with elodea and periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond. The water body flows through the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond, the ecological ditch and the river crab culture pond in sequence, is purified by the artificial wetland and then returns to the grass carp culture pond, and the circulating flow of the system water body is realized. The water inlet of each river crab culture pond is provided with 1 water wheel aerator to promote the water circulation. Putting crab seeds into the river crab culture pond according to 800 crab seeds per mu, wherein the yield is 80-90 kg per mu.
The scheme effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the feed and reduces the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultured organisms; the discharge of pollutants for pond culture is reduced, and the treatment cost of culture tail water is saved; the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved. Facilities such as the reservoir, the grass carp culture pond, the ecological ditch, the river crab culture pond and the like have compact structures and ingenious design.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or improvements on the above embodiments without departing from the general concept of the present invention, and these changes or improvements should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pond culture system for promoting circulation of materials, characterized in that:
comprises a grass carp breeding area, a snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3) and a river crab breeding pond (2);
the grass carp culture area comprises a water storage tank, a plurality of grass carp culture ponds (1) are arranged in the water storage tank, and water in the grass carp culture ponds (1) comes from the water storage tank and is communicated with the water storage tank through a water pump;
the bottom of each grass carp culture pond (1) is communicated with a sewage collecting well (5); the sewage collecting well (5) is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3);
the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) is communicated with the river crab culture pond (2) through an ecological ditch (4);
the river crab culture pond (2) is separated by a plurality of pond ridges (8), each pond ridge is provided with a notch in the diagonal direction close to the river crab culture pond (2), and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond (2) to enable water flow to form a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond (2);
a lug boss (9) is arranged at the bottom of the region enclosed by the two adjacent pond ridges and the pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond (2).
2. A pond culture system for promoting circulation of materials according to claim 1, wherein: the impounding reservoir is rectangular, one side edge of the impounding reservoir is correspondingly attached to the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3), and the other adjacent side edge of the impounding reservoir is separated from the river crab breeding pond (2) through the artificial wetland (6).
3. A pond culture system for promoting circulation of materials according to claim 1, wherein: the grass carp culture ponds (1) are distributed in the reservoir in an array mode, and the sewage collecting well (5) is arranged at the node position of the four adjacent grass carp culture ponds (1).
4. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 2, wherein: the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) is approximately rectangular, and a fish blocking net (7) is arranged at the position where the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond (2).
5. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 4, wherein: one side of the ecological ditch (4) is the edge of the river crab culture pond (2), and the other side is a pond ridge (8).
6. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 4, wherein: and a waterwheel aerator (10) is arranged in each grass carp culture pond (1) at a position 2 meters away from the square tangent plane, and the waterwheel aerator (10) and the center line of the grass carp culture pond (1) form an angle of 45 degrees.
7. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 6, wherein: a plurality of waterwheel oxygen increasing machines (10) are also arranged at the water inlet of the river crab culture pond (2).
8. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 5, wherein: the pond culture system is in a quadrilateral shape under the view angle of the plane of the whole body.
9. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 5, wherein: the corner part of each grass carp culture pond (1) is provided with a square cutting angle structure.
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