CN111280114A - Pond culture system capable of promoting material circulation - Google Patents
Pond culture system capable of promoting material circulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111280114A CN111280114A CN202010222430.3A CN202010222430A CN111280114A CN 111280114 A CN111280114 A CN 111280114A CN 202010222430 A CN202010222430 A CN 202010222430A CN 111280114 A CN111280114 A CN 111280114A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000252228 Ctenopharyngodon Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252232 Hypophthalmichthys Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pond culture system for promoting material circulation, wherein water in a grass carp culture pond is sourced from a reservoir and is communicated with the reservoir through a water pump; the bottom of each grass carp culture pond is communicated with a sewage collecting well through a particulate matter collecting pipe; the sewage collecting well is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond through an ecological ditch; the river crab culture pond is separated by a plurality of pond ridges, each pond ridge is provided with a notch in the diagonal direction close to the river crab culture pond, and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond, so that water flow forms a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond; a boss is arranged at the bottom of a region enclosed by two adjacent pond ridges and a pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond; the water in the river crab culture pond is purified by the artificial wetland and returns to the reservoir. The invention effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the feed and reduces the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultivated organisms; the discharge of pollutants in pond culture is reduced; the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pond culture system, in particular to a pond culture system for promoting material circulation.
Background
The pollution of pond culture to water is mainly from feed nutrients which are not utilized by culture organisms, and researches show that only 20-30% of nitrogen and 40-45% of phosphorus in the feed are utilized by the culture organisms, and other nitrogen and phosphorus all enter a culture environment in the forms of residual feed, excrement and dissolved state to become nutrient-rich substances causing water pollution. Therefore, the method improves the utilization rate of the feed, converts nutrient substances into biomass of cultured organisms as much as possible, reduces the proportion of the nutrients entering the surrounding environment, and is the key for solving the problem of environmental pollution of aquaculture.
Increasing the nutrition utilization level of an aquaculture ecosystem is one of effective means for improving the feed utilization efficiency, and the aquaculture pond as a closed ecosystem can prolong a food chain by putting in aquaculture organisms with different ecological niches, so that feed which is not utilized by high-nutrition-level organisms such as cultured fishes is ingested by low-nutrition-level organisms, and the low-nutrition-level organisms are used as bait of the fishes to further improve the conversion of feed nutrition to cultured objects, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the feed utilization rate. At present, the nutrition level of pond culture organisms is few, generally, the pond culture organisms are mainly cultured fishes and mixedly cultured fishes, the mainly cultured fishes are used for generating economic benefits, the mixedly cultured fishes are used for adjusting water quality, the lack of the nutrition level of the organisms in the traditional culture mode causes unsmooth material circulation and shorter food chain, the traditional pond is simple in structure, and if too many culture varieties are put in one pond, the mutual influence of different culture varieties is easily caused, so that the yield is reduced. Therefore, how to design a targeted pond facility and system according to the biological habits and nutritional requirements of culture objects is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pond culture system structure capable of improving the feed utilization rate, which can prolong a food chain by putting culture organisms with different ecological niches, so that feed which is not utilized by high-nutrition-level organisms such as cultured fishes and the like flows horizontally through the pond structure designed by the invention and is ingested by low-nutrition-level organisms, then the low-nutrition-level organisms are used as baits of the fishes, water plants absorb nutrients dissolved in water to become natural baits of river crabs, the conversion of feed nutrition to culture objects is further improved, and the aim of improving the feed substance circulation is fulfilled.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pond culture system and structure for promoting material circulation comprises a grass carp culture area, a snail, silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 and a river crab culture pond 2; the grass carp culture area comprises a water storage tank, a plurality of grass carp culture ponds 1 are arranged in the water storage tank, and water in the grass carp culture ponds 1 comes from the water storage tank and is communicated with the water storage tank through a water pump; the bottom of each grass carp culture pond 1 is communicated with a sewage collecting well 5; the sewage collecting well 5 is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond 3; the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is communicated with the river crab culture pond 2 through an ecological ditch 4; the river crab culture pond 2 is separated by a plurality of pond ridges 8, each pond ridge is provided with a notch in the diagonal direction close to the river crab culture pond 2, and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond 2, so that water flow forms a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond 2; the bottom of the region enclosed by the two adjacent pond ridges and the pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond 2 is provided with a lug boss 9.
Preferably, the reservoir is rectangular, one side of the reservoir is correspondingly attached to the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, and the other adjacent side of the reservoir is separated from the river crab culture pond 2 through the artificial wetland 6.
Preferably, the grass carp culture ponds 1 are distributed in the reservoir in an array manner, and the sewage collecting well 5 is arranged at a node of each of the four adjacent grass carp culture ponds 1.
Furthermore, the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3 is approximately rectangular, and a fish blocking net 7 is arranged at the position where the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond 2.
Furthermore, one side of the ecological ditch 4 is the edge of the river crab culture pond 2, and the other side is a pond ridge 8.
Furthermore, a waterwheel aerator 10 is arranged in each grass carp culture pond 1 at a position 2 m away from the square section, and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the center line of the grass carp culture pond (1).
Furthermore, a plurality of waterwheel oxygen increasing machines 10 are also arranged at the water inlet of the river crab culture pond 2.
Furthermore, the pond culture system is in a quadrilateral shape under the view angle of the flat whole plane.
Furthermore, the corner part of each grass carp culture pond 1 is provided with a square cutting corner structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the multi-stage utilization of the nutrition of the feed is realized, the conversion efficiency of the nutrient substances of the feed to breeding objects such as fish, crab and the like is improved through the substance circulation of the nutrients at a plurality of nutrition levels, the generation of rich nutrient substances and the proportion of the nutrient substances entering water are reduced, and the pollution of aquaculture to the environment is solved.
2) The utilization efficiency of the feed is effectively improved, and the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultured organisms is reduced;
3) the discharge of pollutants for pond culture is reduced, and the treatment cost of culture tail water is saved;
4) the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved.
5) Facilities such as the impounding reservoir, the grass carp culture pond, the ecological ditch, the river crab culture pond and the like have compact structures and ingenious design, and have wide popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a pond culture system and structure for promoting circulation of materials in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic feed nutrient delivery.
Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of a grass carp culture pond.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the water circulation flow direction.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pond culture system and structure for promoting circulation of materials in accordance with the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a grass carp culture pond; 2. a river crab culture pond; 3. a snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond; 4. an ecological ditch; 5. a sewage collecting well; 6. artificial wetland; 7. a fish blocking net; 8. a pond ridge; 9. a boss; 10. a waterwheel aerator; 1-1. water inlet of water pump; 1-2. bottom hole; 1-3, a particulate matter collecting pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a pond with a large area (15 mu) is used for ecological engineering transformation, the pond is divided into two economic variety production areas of a grass carp culture pond 1 and a river crab culture pond 2 according to the biological habits of culture objects, the economic variety production areas are used as a first-level utilization level of feed nutrition, the rear end of the grass carp culture pond 1 is provided with a spiral shell chub culture pond 3 which is used as a second-level utilization level of feed nutrition, and the river crab culture pond 2 is planted with submerged plants which are used as a third-level utilization level of feed nutrition. Wherein, the grass carp culture pond 1 is arranged in a water reservoir, and the water source of the grass carp culture pond comes from the water reservoir.
Residual baits and feces in the grass carp culture pond 1 are collected and enter a snail and silver carp culture pond 3, organic sediments such as the residual baits and the feces are directly eaten as baits of snails, the snails bred in large quantities are artificially harvested to become natural baits of river crabs, and nutrient-rich substances generated by decomposition of the unused residual baits and feces become nutrient sources of microalgae, promote the propagation of plankton such as the microalgae and the like, and become silver carp and bighead carp biomass after being filtered by the silver carp and bighead carp; the unused eutrophic substances are further absorbed by submerged plants in a river crab culture pond, the submerged plants are manually salvaged and put into a grass carp culture pond to serve as bait of grass carps, so that the multi-stage utilization of feed nutrition is realized, the conversion efficiency of the feed nutritive substances to culture objects such as fish crabs and the like is improved through the substance circulation of nutrients at a plurality of nutrition levels, the proportion of the eutrophic substances to enter a water body is reduced, and the pollution of aquaculture to the environment is solved.
The grass carp culture pond adopts an industrial culture facility, artificial feed is adopted to carry out high-density culture of grass-eating fishes, 6 culture ponds are built by stainless steel or glass fiber reinforced plastic and have a square corner-cut structure, the size is 15 meters multiplied by 2 meters, the corner-cut edge is 2 meters, the maximum designed water depth is 1.8 meters, and the grass carp culture pond accounts for 10 percent of the total area of the system. Each 2 culture ponds are 1 set, and a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production. The stainless steel square tube is welded to serve as a framework, a 1.5mm stainless steel plate or a 6-8 mm glass steel plate serves as a pool wall, and the stainless steel plate is welded by spot welding. The difference between the water level inside and outside the pool is not more than 30 cm. The bottom of the pool is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the bottom slope is reduced by 1 percent. Every is bred and all installs waterwheel oxygen-increasing machine, water pump in the pond, and the water circulation of entire system is realized to the water pump, and 6 intensification pond ponds all are equipped with particulate matter collecting pipe and collection dirty well, can collect the collection dirty well with particulate matters such as fish excrement, residual feed through breeding pond bottom hole and pipeline, rely on the water head to flow to spiral shell silver carp bighead carp breed district 3 again and carry out the physics and deposit.
The snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond 3 is positioned at the rear end of the grass carp breeding pond, the depth of water in the region is deeper, the depth of the water should be more than 3 meters, the ridge of the pond is slower, and the slope ratio is 3:1, so that the resting area of snails is increased. The snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond accounts for 15% of the total area of the system. Throwing a large amount of snails into the pond, and scraping organic sediments at the bottom of the pond, wherein the throwing amount is not less than 3kg/m2The proliferated snails are harvested at regular intervals and put into a river crab culture pond to be used as baits, so that secondary utilization of feed nutrition is realized. Silver carp and bighead carp are as follows: and (3) spotted silver carp: 1, and filtering and feeding the algae in the water body.
The river crab culture pond 2 is positioned at the rear end of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond 3, occupies 75 percent of the total area of the system, and is in a peripheral annular ditch form, the depth of the annular ditch is 1 meter, the width of the annular ditch is 3 meters, and the depth of the boss is 0.6 meter. The bosses are mainly planted with eel grass, the annular ditches are mainly planted with waterweed, water quality purification is carried out, rich nutrient substances in water are absorbed to become aquatic plant organisms, and the aquatic plant organisms are periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond, so that nutrient substances which are not ingested by grass carps return to the bodies of the grass carps.
The snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is connected with the river crab culture pond through the ecological ditch, is 6 meters wide, and is internally planted with emergent aquatic plants, and the main function is to improve the transparency of a water body entering the river crab culture pond so as to avoid influencing the survival rate of submerged plants in the river crab culture pond.
It should be noted that the water circulation power of the whole system is realized by using a water pump as power or by using a high-low fall way.
The following is a more specific example:
and (3) selecting 20 mu river crab culture ponds for engineering transformation, wherein the whole system is 190 meters long and 70 meters wide. 6 pieces of grassThe fish culture pond is built by stainless steel, has a square cutting angle structure, the size is 15 meters multiplied by 2 meters, the cutting angle edge is 2 meters, the maximum designed water depth is 1.8 meters, the area is about 200 square meters, and the yield is 4500 kg/pond. Each 2 culture ponds are 1 set, and a flashboard is arranged between the culture ponds so as to carry out two-stage sequencing batch production. The grass carp culture pond is constructed in a non-hardened structure, stainless steel square tubes are welded to serve as a framework, 1.5mm stainless steel plates serve as the pond wall, and the stainless steel plates are welded in a spot welding mode. The bottom of the pool is paved by adopting 0.9cm canvas, and the bottom slope is reduced by 1 percent. Every is bred and all installs waterwheel oxygen-increasing machine, water pump in the pond, and the water circulation of entire system is realized to the water pump, and 6 grass carp are bred the pond and all are equipped with particulate matter collecting pipe and collection dirty well, can collect collection dirty well with particulate matters such as fish excrement, residual feed through breeding pond bottom hole and pipeline, rely on the water head difference to flow to spiral shell silver carp bighead carp breed district again and carry out the physics and deposit. The area of the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is 2.8 mu, the length is 75 m, the width is 25 m, the depth is 3 m, and the amount is 3kg/m2Throwing snails, throwing 1500 silver carps of 1.5kg and 500 bighead carps of 1.5kg, regularly harvesting the proliferated snails, and throwing the snails into the river crab culture pond as bait. The ecological ditch is 100 meters long and 6 meters wide, and emergent aquatic plants are planted. The rear ends of the ecological ditches are 4 river crab culture ponds with different areas, the river crab culture ponds are connected through pond ridge notches, circular ditches are dug around the river crab culture ponds, the water depth of the circular ditches is 1 meter, the width of the circular ditches is 3 meters, and the water depth of the bosses is 0.6 meter. The lug boss is mainly planted with tape grass, the annular ditch is mainly planted with elodea and periodically fished and thrown into the grass carp culture pond. The water body flows through the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond, the ecological ditch and the river crab culture pond in sequence, is purified by the artificial wetland and then returns to the grass carp culture pond, and the circulating flow of the system water body is realized. The water inlet of each river crab culture pond is provided with 1 water wheel aerator to promote the water circulation. Putting crab seeds into the river crab culture pond according to 800 crab seeds per mu, wherein the yield is 80-90 kg per mu.
The scheme effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the feed and reduces the feed nutrition waste which is not utilized by the cultured organisms; the discharge of pollutants for pond culture is reduced, and the treatment cost of culture tail water is saved; the water quality in the whole cultivation process is kept excellent, and the quality of aquatic products is improved. Facilities such as the reservoir, the grass carp culture pond, the ecological ditch, the river crab culture pond and the like have compact structures and ingenious design.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A pond culture system for promoting circulation of materials, characterized in that:
comprises a grass carp breeding area, a snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3) and a river crab breeding pond (2);
the grass carp culture area comprises a water storage tank, a plurality of grass carp culture ponds (1) are arranged in the water storage tank, and water in the grass carp culture ponds (1) comes from the water storage tank and is communicated with the water storage tank through a water pump;
the bottom of each grass carp culture pond (1) is communicated with a sewage collecting well (5); the sewage collecting well (5) is communicated with the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3);
the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) is communicated with the river crab culture pond (2) through an ecological ditch (4);
the river crab culture pond (2) is separated by a plurality of pond ridges (8), each pond ridge is provided with a notch in the diagonal direction close to the river crab culture pond (2), and two adjacent notches are close to different sides of the river crab culture pond (2) to enable water flow to form a continuous S-shaped flow direction in the river crab culture pond (2);
a lug boss (9) is arranged at the bottom of the region enclosed by the two adjacent pond ridges and the pair of side edges of the river crab culture pond (2).
2. A pond culture system for promoting circulation of materials according to claim 1, wherein: the impounding reservoir is rectangular, one side edge of the impounding reservoir is correspondingly attached to the snail silver carp and bighead carp breeding pond (3), and the other adjacent side edge of the impounding reservoir is separated from the river crab breeding pond (2) through the artificial wetland (6).
3. A pond culture system for promoting circulation of materials according to claim 1, wherein: the grass carp culture ponds (1) are distributed in the reservoir in an array mode, and the sewage collecting well (5) is arranged at the node position of the four adjacent grass carp culture ponds (1).
4. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 2, wherein: the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond (3) is approximately rectangular, and a fish blocking net (7) is arranged at the position where the snail silver carp and bighead carp culture pond is communicated with the river crab culture pond (2).
5. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 4, wherein: one side of the ecological ditch (4) is the edge of the river crab culture pond (2), and the other side is a pond ridge (8).
6. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 4, wherein: and a waterwheel aerator (10) is arranged in each grass carp culture pond (1) at a position 2 meters away from the square tangent plane, and the waterwheel aerator (10) and the center line of the grass carp culture pond (1) form an angle of 45 degrees.
7. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 6, wherein: a plurality of waterwheel oxygen increasing machines (10) are also arranged at the water inlet of the river crab culture pond (2).
8. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 5, wherein: the pond culture system is in a quadrilateral shape under the view angle of the plane of the whole body.
9. A pond culture system to promote circulation of materials according to claim 5, wherein: the corner part of each grass carp culture pond (1) is provided with a square cutting angle structure.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113197147A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-03 | 中国海洋大学 | Multi-level nutrition-level culture pond ship |
| CN115211390A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-21 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Crab-bass-snail mixed culture system and method for crab-bass-snail mixed culture by using mixed culture system |
-
2020
- 2020-03-26 CN CN202010222430.3A patent/CN111280114A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113197147A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-03 | 中国海洋大学 | Multi-level nutrition-level culture pond ship |
| CN113197147B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-02-08 | 中国海洋大学 | Multi-level nutrition-level culture pond ship |
| CN115211390A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-21 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Crab-bass-snail mixed culture system and method for crab-bass-snail mixed culture by using mixed culture system |
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