CN111919808A - Comprehensive fish and shrimp breeding purification system - Google Patents
Comprehensive fish and shrimp breeding purification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111919808A CN111919808A CN202010826074.6A CN202010826074A CN111919808A CN 111919808 A CN111919808 A CN 111919808A CN 202010826074 A CN202010826074 A CN 202010826074A CN 111919808 A CN111919808 A CN 111919808A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a purification system for comprehensively culturing fishes and shrimps, which comprises a composite vertical subsurface flow wetland, a water source purification system and a water purification system, wherein the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland is used for preliminarily purifying a water source; the river channel is connected with the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland through a water pipe to further purify the water quality; the water purification pond is separated from the outlet end of the river channel by an overflow dam, so that the water quality is improved; the inlet end of the water storage pond is separated from the outlet end of the water purification pond through an underflow dam, the outlet end of the water storage pond is separated from the composite vertical underflow wetland through an isolation device, and after the water quality is finally purified and monitored, the water flows into the aquaculture pond through a water pump; freshwater shrimps and channel catfish are mixedly cultured in the culture pond, culture wastewater in the culture pond flows into a river channel through a drainage channel for purification, and water in the river channel flows into a water purification pond and a water storage pond again to realize circular purification; the invention adopts the four-stage purified water treatment system to circularly purify the culture wastewater for use, and almost reaches zero tail water discharge, thereby avoiding the pollution to the surrounding water environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a purification system for comprehensively culturing fish and shrimp.
Background
The freshwater shrimp school name is Macrobrachium nipponense (Macrobrachium nipponense), commonly called river shrimp, grass shrimp and lake shrimp, belongs to Crustacea (crutacea) and Macrobrachium, and is widely distributed in fresh water areas of China. The shrimp feed has the advantages of high reproductive capacity, strong adaptability, rich nutrition, delicious meat taste, capability of being sold on the market all the year round and the like, is a famous and precious aquatic product which is deeply popular with the masses, and is also an important freshwater aquaculture shrimp in China. The natural yield of the freshwater shrimps in the current market is reduced, so that the artificial breeding yield is not high, and the market demand can not be met all the time.
The freshwater shrimp breeding mode in China has gradually transited from the original extensive breeding mode to the intensive breeding mode. Compared with the traditional culture mode, the intensive culture has the advantages of high unit water yield, short culture period, high labor efficiency and the like. However, in the intensive high-density freshwater shrimp culture, the number of residual baits and excrement exceeds the natural decomposition capacity of microorganisms in the culture pond, the micro-ecological balance of a water body is often broken, the water quality is deteriorated, the pollution is serious, and even the phenomenon of large-scale death is frequently caused. At present, the prevention and control means is mainly adopted to increase the use amount of fishery drugs and the water change amount of the aquaculture pond, the former brings the safety problem of the quality of aquaculture animals, people pay close attention to the safety problem, and the latter brings adverse effects to the ecological environment due to the discharge of aquaculture tail water.
Ietalurus punctatus (Ietalurus punetaus) belongs to fishes of catfishes and leiocassis, is native to America, is a good variety recognized all over the world and suitable for freshwater aquaculture, and has the characteristics of poor feeding quality, fast growth, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, superior meat quality and the like. The channel catfish can eat the fed compound feed under the condition of artificial feeding, and also eat natural baits in water, such as aquatic insects, phytoplankton, rotifers, organic debris, algae and the like. Meanwhile, the channel catfish can phagocytose small trash fish and diseased shrimps, can also clean residual baits and algae in the pond, can secrete certain substances on the surface of the fish body, and can inhibit shrimp and crab viruses.
In the aquaculture process, a large amount of toxic and harmful organic substances such as residual baits, excrement, biological corpses and the like are accumulated in the water body, and a large amount of toxic and harmful inorganic substances such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, nitrous acid and the like are also accumulated. In view of the above, it is necessary to regularly discharge tail water containing toxic and harmful substances during pond culture of freshwater shrimps so as to ensure healthy growth of cultured objects. At present, in most cases, the tail water is simply discharged through a drainage ditch, so that great pollution is caused, and the tail water is filtered and treated by utilizing a biological ball or a filter and the like in a farm, but the method can only filter large-particle impurities in the tail water and cannot achieve the purpose of removing the pollution; a small number of farms can use equipment such as protein separators to carry out purification treatment to the tail water, however, these tail waters are usually directly discharged out after passing through a plurality of clarification plant in proper order at present, still can have more poisonous and harmful substance in the tail water through the processing, still can cause great pollution to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a purification system for comprehensively culturing fish and shrimp.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows:
a purification system for comprehensively culturing fishes and shrimps comprises a composite vertical subsurface wetland, a river channel, a water purification pond, a water storage pond and a culture pond;
the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland is used for preliminarily purifying a water source, improving the water quality and removing microorganisms;
the riverway is connected with the composite vertical subsurface wetland through a water pipe and further purifies the water through the purification and precipitation of aquatic animals and plants in the river;
the water purification pond is separated from the outlet end of the river channel through an overflow dam, and water quality is improved through purification of aquatic animals, plants, vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines in the water purification pond;
the inlet end of the water storage pond is separated from the outlet end of the water purification pond through an underflow dam, the outlet end of the water storage pond is separated from the composite vertical underflow wetland through an isolation device, and after the water quality is finally purified and monitored, the water flows into the aquaculture pond through a water pump;
the aquaculture pond is separated from the water storage pond, the water purification pond and the river channel through the water inlet channel, the aquaculture pond is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the water discharge channel, the freshwater shrimps and the channel catfish are mixedly cultured in the aquaculture pond, aquaculture wastewater in the aquaculture pond flows into the river channel through the water discharge channel to be purified, and water in the river channel flows into the water purification pond and the water storage pond again to realize circular purification.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite vertical subsurface wetland comprises an adjusting tank, a primary sedimentation tank, water distribution channels, a downstream subsurface wetland, an upstream subsurface wetland, a biological early warning tank and a clean water tank which are connected by water pipes from top to bottom, wherein the adjusting tank and the primary sedimentation tank are arranged side by side, a plurality of water distribution channels are arranged at the lower ends of the adjusting tank and the primary sedimentation tank, the downstream subsurface wetland and the upstream subsurface wetland are arranged at intervals between the water distribution channels, the biological early warning tank and the clean water tank are arranged side by side at the bottom of the water distribution channels, a water inlet is arranged at the top of the primary sedimentation tank, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom end of the side wall of the clean water tank, the primary sedimentation tank controls silt in water flow to naturally settle through primary physical sedimentation, the adjusting tank primarily adjusts the pH value of the water body, and then the downstream subsurface wetland and the upstream subsurface wetland are connected by the, so that the water quality is further purified and finally enters a biological early warning pool and a clean water pool to monitor and store the indicating microorganisms.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the descending subsurface flow wetland comprises aquatic plants, ecological fillers, an impermeable layer and a substrate from top to bottom, adjacent water distribution channels provided with the descending subsurface flow wetland are connected by water collection pipes, a water distribution pipe is arranged between the aquatic plants and the ecological fillers, and the water collection pipes are positioned at the side parts of the aquatic plants and the ecological fillers and positioned at the top part of the impermeable layer.
The ascending subsurface flow wetland comprises aquatic plants, ecological fillers, an impermeable layer and a substrate from top to bottom, adjacent water distribution channels provided with the ascending subsurface flow wetland are connected by water distribution pipes, and the water distribution pipes are positioned at the bottom of the ecological fillers and at the top of the impermeable layer.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the river channel comprises a river channel and revetments, the revetments are positioned at two sides of the river channel, inverted U-shaped cement revetments are sequentially arranged in the revetments at intervals, the coverage area of aquatic plants in the river channel is 30-50% of the water surface, hygrophytes are planted in the inverted U-shaped cement revetments, silver carps and snails are put in the river channel, the water depth in the river channel is 1.5-2m, and the pH value is 7.2-8.5.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water purification pond comprises an ecological floating bed and an oxygen increasing device, the oxygen increasing device is arranged at the bottom of the water purification pond, the oxygen content of water is increased to be more than or equal to 6mg/L, silver carp and spiral shell are thrown into the water purification pond, floating leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted, water spinach and houttuynia cordata are planted in the ecological floating bed, the water depth in the water purification pond is 1.5-2m, and the pH value is 7.2-8.5.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water storage pond comprises a water storage tank and a water quality monitor, the water quality monitor is arranged at the bottom of the water storage tank, floating-leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted in the water storage tank, silver carp and snail are thrown in the water storage tank, the water depth in the water storage tank is 2.5-2.8m, the transparency is 25-30cm, and the pH value is 7.2-8.5.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, a real-time monitoring device is arranged in the aquaculture pond to monitor some basic indexes of water quality in real time, such as pH value, dissolved oxygen, temperature and the like.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the four-stage purified water treatment system comprising the composite vertical subsurface wetland is adopted, and meanwhile, the real-time monitoring equipment is matched, so that the residual energy of an ecological system is fully utilized, the aquaculture water can be recycled and purified for use, and an organic pollution source is comprehensively and reasonably treated, so that the aquaculture water is fully utilized, zero tail water discharge is almost achieved, the pollution to the surrounding water body environment is avoided, the water resource is saved, the quality and the survival rate of the freshwater shrimps are improved by utilizing high-quality water, the burden on the ecology is reduced, the ecological and aquaculture benefit is realized, and the income of aquaculture users is increased; in addition, the system has the characteristics of reasonable structure, environmental protection, high energy conversion rate, good benefit and the like, is a benign fishery ecological environment, reduces ecological risks, improves ecological efficiency and further realizes the coordination and unification of production and ecology.
And secondly, the freshwater shrimps and the channel catfish are subjected to ecological polyculture, the channel catfish can phagocytose small trash fish and diseased shrimps, residual baits and algae in a pond can be cleaned, certain substances can be secreted on the surface of a fish body, and shrimp and crab viruses can be inhibited, so that the fishes and the shrimps coexist harmoniously and organically, the symbiosis is mutually benefited, the bait utilization rate is improved, the morbidity probability of cultured varieties is reduced, organic matters in water are utilized more fully, the yield per unit area is improved, the benefit is increased, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
In conclusion, the invention firstly utilizes the multi-stage water purification and circulation system to recycle the culture water, almost achieves zero discharge and avoids the influence of the culture wastewater on the environment. Secondly, the multi-stage purification is equipped with an additional on-line monitoring device for monitoring dissolved oxygen and CO in water in real time2And multiple indexes such as pH value and the like ensure the water quality of the aquaculture water, provide a suitable environment for shrimps and fish, and finally, the mixed culture of the channel catfish and the freshwater shrimps, the channel catfish is utilized to clear the residual bait diseased shrimps, and the secretion of the channel catfish can inhibit part of shrimp and crab viruses under the multi-advantage coordination, so that the survival rate of the freshwater shrimps is improved, and the quality and the yield of the freshwater shrimps are further improved. The method saves water, reduces the dosage and reduces the cost, improves the yield and the quality of the freshwater shrimps, obtains great ecological benefit, increases the income, maximizes the economic benefit of the culture within one increase and one decrease, and further improves the income of culture users.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a purification system for comprehensive culture of fish and shrimp.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary clarification sedimentation system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two-stage purification system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-stage purification system according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-stage purified water storage system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of an operation mode of the internet of things system according to the embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a water pump, 2-a water distribution channel, 3-an isolation device, 4-a downstream subsurface wetland, 5-an upstream subsurface wetland, 6-a biological early warning tank, 7-a clean water tank, 8-a river channel, 9-an overflow dam, 10-an ecological floating bed, 11-a clean water tank, 12-an subsurface dam, 13-a water storage tank, 14-a regulating tank, 15-a primary settling tank, 16-a culture pond, 17-a drainage channel, 18-a water quality monitor, 19-a water pipe, 20-a water source, 21-a water inlet, 22-ecological fillers, 23-a water collecting pipe, 24-a substrate, 25-an impermeable layer, 26-a water outlet, 27-a water distribution pipe, 28-a water inlet channel, 29-an inverted U-shaped cement slope protection, 30-a river channel and 31-an oxygen increasing device, 32-composite vertical subsurface wetland, and 33-water storage pond.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a purification system for comprehensively culturing fish and shrimp.
As shown in fig. 1, a water source 20 of the present invention is primarily purified by a composite vertical subsurface wetland 32 (a primary purification sedimentation system), and then enters a river 8 (a secondary purification system) through a water pipe to be purified by plants, plankton, microorganisms, benthos, etc., and then flows into a water purification pond 11 (a tertiary purification system) through an overflow dam 9, pollutants are further absorbed and utilized by aquatic animals and plants, the water is filtered by a subsurface dam 12 and enters a water storage pond 33 (a quaternary purification water storage system), and the water storage pond 33 simultaneously plays roles of purifying water quality and monitoring water storage. The water after the four-stage purification treatment flows into the water inlet channel 28 as aquaculture water through the water inlet pump 1, so as to flow into the aquaculture pond 16, the aquaculture wastewater in the aquaculture pond 16 is directly injected into the river 8 of the secondary purification system through the water discharge channel 17, then flows through the three-stage purification system and the four-stage purification water storage system in sequence, and finally returns to the aquaculture pond 16 to form a zero-discharge circular aquaculture mode. Four-stage linkage is adopted to purify water quality and reduce pollution, thereby achieving double harvest of ecological benefit and economic benefit.
Specifically, the purification system for comprehensively culturing fish and shrimp comprises: the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland 32, the river channel 8, the water purification pond 11, the water storage pond 33 and the aquaculture pond 16; wherein, the composite vertical subsurface wetland 32 is used for primarily purifying the water source 20, improving the water quality and removing microorganisms; the river channel 8 is communicated with the composite vertical subsurface wetland 32 through a water pipe, and the water quality is further purified through purification and precipitation of aquatic animals and plants in the river; the water purification pond 11 is separated from the outlet end of the river channel 8 by the overflow dam 9, and water quality purification is improved through purification of aquatic animals, plants, vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines in the water purification pond; the inlet end of the water storage pond 33 is separated from the outlet end of the water purification pond 11 through the subsurface flow dam 12, the outlet end of the water storage pond 33 is separated from the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland 32 through the isolation device 3, and after the water quality is finally purified and monitored, the water flows into the aquaculture pond 16 through the water pump 1; the aquaculture pond 16 is separated from the water storage pond 33, the water purification pond 11 and the river channel 8 through the water inlet channel 28, the aquaculture pond 16 is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the water discharge channel 17, freshwater shrimps and channel catfishes are mixedly cultured in the aquaculture pond 16, aquaculture wastewater in the aquaculture pond 16 flows into the river channel 8 through the water discharge channel 17 to be purified, and water in the river channel 8 flows into the water purification pond 11 and the water storage pond 33 again to realize circular purification.
The isolation device 3 mainly adopts a reinforced concrete short dam with a hard revetment and is arranged between the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland 32 and the water storage pond 33 and between the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland 32 and the aquaculture pond 16, thereby playing an isolation role, and the aquaculture pond 16 and the river channel 8 are separated by river banks with revetments at two sides of the river channel 8.
(1) First-stage purifying and settling system construction
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a water source 20 in the primary purification and sedimentation system firstly flows through a first part of the adjusting tank 14 and the primary sedimentation tank 15, then flows into a second part of the descending subsurface wetland 4, the descending subsurface wetland 4 consists of aquatic plants, a water distribution pipe 27, ecological packing 22, a water collection pipe 23, an impermeable layer 25 and a substrate 24, then enters a third part of the ascending subsurface wetland 5, the ascending subsurface wetland 5 consists of the aquatic plants, the water distribution pipe 27, the ecological packing 22, the impermeable layer 25 and the substrate 24, and finally enters a fourth part of the biological early warning tank 6 and the clean water tank 7, and the four parts are connected through a water distribution channel 2 and a water pipe 19. The composite vertical subsurface flow wetland 32 as the first-stage organism not only can preliminarily improve the water quality, but also has good effect of removing indication microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms, reduces the morbidity of shrimps and fishes, and has the effects of storing water and saving water, thereby reducing the cost.
Specifically, the water source 20 passes through the primary sedimentation tank 15 and the regulating tank 14 first, the top of the primary sedimentation tank 15 is provided with a water inlet 21, the primary sedimentation tank 15 can control the water flow to cause the sediment to be naturally settled through the primary physical sedimentation, namely, the opening and closing of the pipeline, and the regulating tank 14 can primarily regulate the pH value of the water body. Then enters the descending subsurface flow wetland 4 through the water distribution channels 2, the descending subsurface flow wetland 4 comprises aquatic plants, ecological fillers 22, an impermeable layer 25 and a substrate 24 from top to bottom, the adjacent water distribution channels 2 provided with the descending subsurface flow wetland 4 are connected by a water collecting pipe 23, a water distributing pipe 27 is arranged between the aquatic plants and the ecological fillers 22, and the water collecting pipe 23 is positioned at the side parts of the aquatic plants and the ecological fillers 22 and is positioned at the top part of the impermeable layer 25. When the water flows through, the non-ionic ammonia, nitrite, pathogenic microorganism, algae, copper and lead in the water are absorbed by the aquatic plants and adsorbed by the ecological filler 22 to be purified, and the seepage-proof layer 25 prevents the sewage from permeating into the underground water body. And then enters the upstream subsurface flow wetland 5, the upstream subsurface flow wetland 5 comprises aquatic plants, ecological fillers 22, an impermeable layer 25 and a substrate 24 from top to bottom, adjacent water distribution channels 2 provided with the upstream subsurface flow wetland 5 are connected by water distribution pipes 27, the water distribution pipes 27 are positioned at the bottom of the ecological fillers 22 and at the top of the impermeable layer 25. In order to further purify water quality, aquatic plants such as eichhornia crassipes, alternanthera philoxeroides, reed, cattail pollen and thalictrum ramosissima are planted in the upstream subsurface wetland 5 and the downstream subsurface wetland 4, silver carp and bighead carp and spiral shell are introduced, the specific proportion can be adjusted according to a secondary purification system and can be adjusted according to local conditions, and finally the water enters the biological early warning pool 6 and the clear water pool 7 to conveniently monitor and store indexes such as indicating microorganisms, and specifically, the biological early warning pool 6 monitors the indicating microorganisms in the water so as to facilitate manual random sampling and monitoring; the clean water tank 7 stores the source water purified by the wetland so as to control water step by step to maintain water flow, and the source water flows into the river 8 of the secondary purification system through the water outlet 26. In conclusion, the primary purification sedimentation system carries out primary purification on the introduced water quality, so that the water quality is improved, the removal effect on the indicator microorganisms and the pathogenic microorganisms is better, and the morbidity of shrimps and fishes is further reduced. Also has the efficacy of storing water and saving water, thereby reducing the cost. Through measurement and calculation, the average removal rates of the nonionic ammonia and nitrite of the purification and sedimentation system are 35.47 +/-6.84% and 38.29 +/-6.21% respectively, the removal rates of the total coliform, algae, copper and lead in pathogenic microorganisms are 68.1 +/-6.8%, 68.99 +/-5.84%, 33.70 +/-10.14% and 71.20 +/-12.22% respectively, the transparency reaches about 10-15cm, and the pH value is maintained between 7.2-8.5.
(2) Construction of the second stage purification System
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the secondary purification system mainly comprises a river channel 8, the water depth is 1.5-2m, the pH value is maintained between 7.2-8.5, the transparency reaches about 15-20cm, the river channel 8 comprises a river channel 30 and a revetment, the revetment is positioned at two sides of the river channel 30 and further stabilizes sandy soil, n-shaped cement revetment 29 is sequentially arranged in the revetment at intervals, hygrophytes are planted in the n-shaped cement revetment 29, bighead carps and snails are put in the river channel 30, aquatic plants such as water hyacinth and water peanuts are planted at two sides of the river channel 30 and fixed by bamboo fences, and the coverage area is 30-50% of the water surface; 50-100 silver carps and 30-50 bighead carps with the specifications of 100-; 150-300 kg/mu spiral shell is stocked at the bottom of the river channel, ammonia nitrogen in the water is reduced by about 15-20% through further purification of plants, plankton, microorganism, benthos and the like, solid residues are further intercepted, and indicator microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms are further phagocytosed by silver carps, bighead carp and spiral shell. The river 8 has the function of connecting the composite vertical subsurface wetland 32 with the water purification pond 11 on the basis of further purifying the water quality.
(3) Construction of three-stage purification system
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the third purification system is a water purification pond 11, and the overflow dam 9 is located at the left side of the water purification pond 11 for isolating the second purification system, the water depth is about 1.5-2m, the pH value is maintained between 7.2-8.5, and the transparency reaches about 22-30 cm. The water purification pond 11 comprises an ecological floating bed 10 and an oxygen increasing device 31, the ecological floating bed 10 floats in the center of the water purification pond 11, the oxygen increasing device 31 is arranged at the bottom of the water purification pond 11 to increase the oxygen content of water body to enable the oxygen content to be maintained to be more than or equal to 6mg/L, silver carp and bighead carp and spiral shell are thrown into the water purification pond 11, floating leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted, and water spinach and houttuynia cordata are planted in the ecological floating bed 10. Planting emergent aquatic plants such as reed, cattail and Thymus floribunda in the water purification pond 11, wherein the coverage area is about 30% of the water surface, planting submerged plants such as potamogeton crispus, hornwort, hydrilla verticillata and the like, the coverage area is about 20%, planting floating leaf plants such as water lily and water caltrop and the like, the coverage area is about 10%, and in addition, planting economic plants such as water spinach and Chinese herbal medicines such as houttuynia cordata and the like can be planted by adopting facilities such as an ecological floating bed 10 and the like, and the coverage area is about 5%; silver carps, bighead carps and snails are bred in the water purification pond 11, and the silver carps, the bighead carps and the snails are purified by a two-stage purification system, and an aerator is arranged according to the area of the water purification pond 11 or a microporous aerator 31 is arranged at the bottom of the water purification pond, so that water quality is further purified by animal and plant absorption and utilization. Reducing ammonia nitrogen by about 20-30%, intercepting solid residue, and promoting the content of microorganism and pathogenic microorganism by phagocytosis of silver carp, bighead carp and spiral shell, and simultaneously increasing oxygen content in water by 5-15% by installing microporous oxygen increasing device 31. To sum up, the water purification pond 11 mainly utilizes the vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines cultivated in the ecological floating bed 10, the plants cultivated in the water and the aquatic animals cultivated in the ecological floating bed 10 to further purify and improve the water quality, and meanwhile, utilizes the cash crops cultivated in the ecological floating bed 10 to improve the income.
(4) Construction of four-stage purification water storage system
As shown in figures 1 and 5, the four-stage purification and water storage system is mainly a water storage pond 33 which mainly plays a role of water storage, the water depth is about 2.5-2.8m, the transparency is about 25-30cm, and the pH value is maintained between 7.2-8.5. The water storage pond 33 comprises a water storage tank 13 and a water quality monitor 18, the water quality monitor 18 is arranged at the bottom of the left side of the water storage tank 13, the undercurrent dam 12 is positioned at the left side of the water storage tank 13 and is used for being isolated from the water purification pond 11, the water pump 1 is arranged on the side, close to the aquaculture pond 16, of the water storage tank 13 and is used for supplying water to the aquaculture pond 16, floating leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted in the water storage tank 13, and silver carps, bighead carp. Floating plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted in the reservoir 13, and the coverage area of the three-stage purification system is about 10%, 20% and 30% respectively; silver carp, bighead carp and snail are cultured in the water storage tank 13 by the same three-stage purification system. The four-stage purification and storage are carried out, and meanwhile, real-time monitoring equipment is arranged, so that the water quality is monitored in real time, the water quality discharged from the four-stage purification and water storage system is ensured to meet the regulations of NY/T5361-2016 and SC/T9101-2007, and finally, the purified water enters the aquaculture pond 16. An inlet channel 28 is arranged between the water storage pond 33 and the culture pond 16, water in the water storage pond 33 flows into the culture pond 16 through the water pump 1, the water storage pond 33 performs the final purification of water flowing in from the previous stage, and also plays the roles of water storage and monitoring, so that enough qualified water is ensured to be used by the culture pond 16.
(5) Construction of aquaculture ponds
The aquaculture pond 16 requires the following preparation after the four-stage clean water storage system.
As shown in FIG. 1, the aquaculture pond 16 is adjacent to the secondary purification system river 8, and an inlet channel 28 is arranged between the aquaculture pond 16 and the water storage pond 33 and the water purification pond 11. In the embodiment of the invention, the aquaculture pond 16 is divided into 6 aquaculture areas, a water quality monitor 18 is arranged on one side of each aquaculture area adjacent to the river channel 8 to monitor water quality, every three aquaculture areas are connected in series to form a group, a drainage channel 17 is arranged between the groups, and aquaculture wastewater in the aquaculture pond 16 enters the river channel 8 of the secondary purification system through the drainage channel 17. Wherein the aquaculture pond 16 is a main aquaculture area for mixed culture of freshwater shrimps and channel catfish.
<1>Preparing a pond: a rectangular pond with sufficient water source, convenient water inlet and drainage and an area of 2.6 mu is selected, the east-west trend is realized, and the length-width ratio is 5: 3. The depth of the three-sided annular ditch is 1.5-2m, the water depth of the aquaculture pond 16 is level to the annular ditch, and the slope ratio of the beach surface is 1: 2; the water inlet is covered with a filter screen (the mesh is 70 meshes), and the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged in a diagonal manner; configuring a 1.5kw micropore aerator; set up double-deck plastic cloth around the pond, fix with the stick to slope 15 in to the pond, place real-time supervision equipment in 16 communicating drainage canals both sides of aquaculture pond and second grade water purification system, this monitoring equipment includes camera, temperatureDegree sensor, pH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, CO2The sensor and the ammonia nitrogen sensor, thereby monitoring various conventional indexes of the aquaculture water in real time.
<2> cleaning and disinfecting the pond: exposing the pond for one week before the seedlings are put in the pond for breeding, then adding water into the pond to 20cm, sprinkling bleaching powder into the whole pond for disinfection, wherein the dosage of the bleaching powder is 130 plus 150 kg/mu, and draining water after 7 days.
<3> snail feeding by grass: the method comprises the following steps of planting aquatic weeds after the pond is disinfected, adopting ridge-dividing intercropping, interplanting various varieties of waterweeds, hornworts, tape grass and hydrilla verticillata, planting three rows of aquatic weeds in each ridge, wherein the row spacing is 1.2m, the interval between each ridge and each ridge is 2.4m, and the row direction of the planted weeds is vertical to the direction of a pond; the fresh snails are thrown into the pond before Qingming festival, and 400-.
<4> fry stocking: the first breeding of the freshwater shrimps is released in 2 ten days, the breeding specification of the freshwater shrimps is 2.5-3 cm/tail is 6-8 kg/mu, the second breeding is released in 7 ten days, and the breeding specification of the freshwater shrimps is 0.5-0.8cm, and the shrimp seedlings are 3-5 ten thousand tails/mu; the channel catfish fries are stocked in 3-month middle ten days, the specification is 50-80 g/tail, the stocking density is 1200 plus 1500 tails/mu, the stocked shrimp species have complete appendages and strong physique, and all the fries are soaked in 3% salt solution for 6min before stocking.
<5> feed feeding: the young freshwater shrimp is developed by adopting a trace element nutrition strengthening method, the adult freshwater shrimp can be fed with the freshwater shrimp compound feed of Beijing Dabei agricultural technology group member company, and the feeding amount is flexibly adjusted according to seasons, weather, water quality and ingestion condition.
<6> Water quality management: keeping the pH value of pond water at 7.2-8.5, transparency of 20-25cm, and dissolved oxygen of 5.5-6.5 mg/L; in summer, in high-temperature weather, the highest water level is kept, water is changed every 10 days, and the water level of each water change is 20 cm; the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are used once every 15 days during 6-9 months, and the quicklime is used for improving the water quality every month; the aerator is started for 3 hours in the middle of the day in sunny days in high-temperature seasons, for 2 hours in the morning of the next day in cloudy days, and for 5 hours in the middle of the night in continuous rainy days.
<7> disease control: on the principle of combining prevention as main principle and prevention over treatment and prevention, 3% salt solution is used for dipping for 10min before stocking the seedlings; the bacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are used every 15 days in 6-9 months; in the growing season, 8-10 kg/mu of bleaching and powdered water is splashed in the whole pool every month.
<8> catching and marketing: the first batch of the bred freshwater shrimps are caught and listed in the 6 th month of the year successively, and the second batch of the bred freshwater shrimps are caught and listed in the 1 st month of the second year; the channel catfish and the silver carp are caught and listed in the dry pond in the next 1 month.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example (b):
the cultivation mode is adopted to carry out cultivation experiments in the scientific and technological test demonstration base of the salt city in Jiangsu province, and the specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) introducing water from a water source into the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland for preliminary purification, and removing and precipitating nonionic ammonia, nitrite, total coliform, algae, copper, lead and silt in the water body to ensure that the transparency of the water body reaches about 15cm, the pH value is maintained at 7.8, and the oxygen content reaches 4 mg/L;
(2) introducing the settled water into a river channel of a secondary purification system, a water purification pond of a tertiary purification system and a water storage pond of a quaternary purification water storage system in sequence;
(3) the water source in the four-stage purification water storage system is used for monitoring the water quality, monitoring data are displayed on a display screen in real time, and the water source stored in the four-stage purification water storage system is introduced into the aquaculture pond through a water pump;
(4) stocking channel catfishes in a high water level aquaculture pond, wherein the stocking amount is 1200 per mu, the specification is 100 g/tail, the stocking specification is 10 ten thousand per mu, the stocking specification is 0.7cm, and the aquaculture water depth is 2.0 m; 60 silver carps and 50 bighead carps with the specification of 100 g/tail are cultured in the secondary purification system; 200 kg/mu of snails are stocked at the bottom of the river, and water spinach, houttuynia cordata, 10% floating plants, 20% submerged plants and 30% emergent plants are planted in a three-level purification system, wherein the culture water depth is 2.0 m; the real-time online detection of water quality is realized in the water storage pond through an internet of things management system;
the Internet of things system mainly comprises a lower computer, an upper computer and an App (shrimp easy to pass). The lower computer comprises a main control CPU, a sensor module, a wireless communication module, a power supply module, an electrical equipment module and the like, and realizes the acquisition, transmission and instruction issuing execution of data; the upper computer belongs to an Ali cloud server of a Windows system and is mainly used for storing, judging and issuing instructions for controlling the lower computer to the data uploaded by the lower computer; the App (shrimp easy to pass) runs on an Android operating platform and mainly displays data in real time, traces back past data and sends an instruction for controlling lower computer equipment.
Specifically, the lower computer is responsible for completing the collection, processing and uploading of water quality parameters and controlling the starting and stopping of various actuating mechanisms. The water quality parameters are mainly acquired by a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor and the like; data is uploaded through the wireless communication module; the actuating mechanism mainly comprises a bait casting machine, a water pump and an oxygenation pump.
Specifically, the upper computer is responsible for organically connecting all parts of the system together in series, and the functions of the upper computer are mainly divided into parts such as parameter setting, data communication, judgment, storage, real-time display and instruction generation. And the upper computer software is developed on the Qt creator platform by using C + + language. The upper computer data processing comprises three parts: the upper computer processes the uploaded data of the lower computer, processes App request data and forwards instructions of the App to the lower computer. The threshold required for data processing may be set by an alarm parameter setting function in the interface.
Particularly, the pH value, the dissolved oxygen and the temperature value of the water quality of the aquaculture pond can be easily checked by using shrimps, and the electrical equipment can be controlled by a mobile phone. The operation platform of shrimp cracker is android smart phone, mainly accomplishes functions such as remote control, the real-time browsing of data and past data of next computer and traces back. The specific operation flow is shown in FIG. 6;
(5) discharging the water in the culture pond into a river channel of a secondary purification system for purification and sedimentation;
(6) then introducing the settled water into a three-stage purification system and a four-stage purification water storage system in sequence;
(7) and water quality monitoring is carried out on a water source in the four-stage purification water storage system, monitoring data are displayed on a display screen in real time, and the water source stored in the four-stage purification water storage system is introduced into the culture pond to realize comprehensive intercropping circulation culture.
And (3) breeding results: after one year of cultivation, the yield per unit of channel catfish is 2200 jin, the yield per unit of silver carp and bighead carp is 900 jin, the yield per unit of aquatic plant is 400 jin, the yield of freshwater shrimp is 200 jin, the yield of spiral shell is 1000 jin, and the yield of water caltrop is 400 jin. According to the existing value calculation of the market, the income is about 7500 yuan/mu, and the economic income is increased by 40-50% compared with the income before the technical reform.
In conclusion, by adopting the culture mode and the culture method provided by the embodiment of the invention, on one hand, the manpower input can be reduced, and the culture management cost can be reduced; on the other hand, the discharge of the culture tail water is avoided, zero discharge can be basically realized, and the water saving is over 50 percent; in the third aspect, the comprehensive utilization of sedimentation, purification and water storage can bring more economic benefits, and the Chinese herbal medicine and the vegetables for water culture can reach 1kg/m2And can be picked for many times, and is more beneficial to the purification of the culture water body and the healthy growth of the cultured fishes. In addition, compared with the conventional culture and the existing circulating water culture, the invention has the advantages of large stocking amount and high survival rate, and is a high-efficiency, high-quality, ecological, healthy and safe comprehensive intercropping circulating culture mode for fish and shrimp symbiosis, thereby promoting the healthy development of the aquaculture industry.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a synthesize clean system who breeds fish shrimp which characterized in that: the system comprises a composite vertical subsurface wetland (32), a river channel (8), a water purification pond (11), a water storage pond (33) and a culture pond (16);
the composite vertical subsurface wetland (32) is used for primarily purifying a water source (20), improving water quality and removing microorganisms;
a river channel (8) which is connected with the composite vertical subsurface wetland (32) through a water pipe and further purifies the water quality through the purification and precipitation of aquatic animals and plants in the river;
the water purification pond (11) is separated from the outlet end of the river channel (8) through an overflow dam (9), and water quality is improved through purification of aquatic animals, plants, vegetables and Chinese herbal medicines in the water purification pond;
the inlet end of the water storage pond (33) is separated from the outlet end of the water purification pond (11) through the subsurface flow dam (12), the outlet end of the water storage pond (33) is separated from the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland (32) through the isolation device (3), and after the water quality is finally purified and monitored, the water flows into the culture pond (16) through the water pump (1);
the aquaculture pond (16) is separated from the water storage pond (33), the water purification pond (11) and the river channel (8) through the water inlet channel (28), the aquaculture pond (16) is symmetrically distributed on two sides of the water discharge channel (17), freshwater shrimps and channel catfishes are mixedly cultured in the aquaculture pond (16), aquaculture wastewater in the aquaculture pond (16) flows into the river channel (8) through the water discharge channel (17) to be purified, and water in the river channel (8) flows into the water purification pond (11) and the water storage pond (33) again to realize circular purification.
2. The purification system for comprehensively cultivating fish and shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composite vertical subsurface flow wetland (32) comprises an adjusting tank (14), a primary sedimentation tank (15), a water distribution channel (2), a downstream subsurface flow wetland (4), an upstream subsurface flow wetland (5), a biological early warning tank (6) and a clean water tank (7) which are connected by a water pipe (19) from top to bottom, wherein the adjusting tank (14) and the primary sedimentation tank (15) are arranged side by side, the lower ends of the adjusting tank (14) and the primary sedimentation tank (15) are provided with a plurality of water distribution channels (2), the downstream subsurface flow wetland (4) and the upstream subsurface flow wetland (5) are arranged between the water distribution channels (2) at intervals, the bottom of the water distribution channel (2) is provided with the biological early warning tank (6) and the clean water tank (7) side by side, the top of the primary sedimentation tank (15) is provided with a water inlet (21), the bottom end of the side wall of the clean water tank (7) is provided with a silt outlet (26), and the sedimentation tank (15) controls the natural sedimentation through primary physical sedimentation, the adjusting tank (14) preliminarily adjusts the pH value of the water body, then the water quality is further purified through the downstream subsurface flow wetland (4) and the upstream subsurface flow wetland (5) which are connected with the water distribution channel (2), and finally the water enters the biological early warning tank (6) and the clean water tank (7) to monitor and store the indicating microorganisms.
3. The purification system for the comprehensive aquaculture of fish and shrimp as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the descending subsurface flow wetland (4) comprises aquatic plants, ecological fillers (22), an impermeable layer (25) and a substrate (24) from top to bottom, adjacent water distribution channels (2) provided with the descending subsurface flow wetland (4) are connected by a water collection pipe (23), a water distribution pipe (27) is arranged between the aquatic plants and the ecological fillers (22), and the water collection pipe (23) is positioned at the side parts of the aquatic plants and the ecological fillers (22) and positioned at the top part of the impermeable layer (25);
the upstream subsurface flow wetland (5) comprises aquatic plants, ecological fillers (22), an impermeable layer (25) and a substrate (24) from top to bottom, adjacent water distribution channels (2) provided with the upstream subsurface flow wetland (5) are connected by water distribution pipes (27), and the water distribution pipes (27) are positioned at the bottom of the ecological fillers (22) and at the top of the impermeable layer (25).
4. The purification system for comprehensively cultivating fish and shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that: river course (8) are including river ditch (30) and bank protection, and the bank protection is located the both sides of river ditch (30), the interval is equipped with "N" type cement bank protection (29) in the bank protection in proper order, the area of coverage of aquatic plant is 30-50% of the surface of water in river ditch (30), plant the hygrophyte in "N" type cement bank protection (29), put silver carp bighead carp and spiral shell in river ditch (30), the river depth is 1.5-2m in river ditch (30), and the pH value is 7.2-8.5.
5. The purification system for comprehensively cultivating fish and shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water purification pond (11) comprises an ecological floating bed (10) and an oxygen increasing device (31), the oxygen increasing device (31) is arranged at the bottom of the water purification pond (11) and is used for increasing the oxygen content of water to enable the oxygen content to be maintained to be larger than or equal to 6mg/L, bighead carp and spiral shell are thrown into the water purification pond (11) and are used for planting floating-leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants, water spinach and houttuynia cordata are planted in the ecological floating bed (10), the water depth in the water purification pond (11) is 1.5-2m, and the pH value is 7.2-8.5.
6. The purification system for comprehensively cultivating fish and shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water storage pond (33) comprises a water storage tank (13) and a water quality monitor (18), the water quality monitor (18) is arranged at the bottom of the water storage tank (13), floating leaf plants, emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants are planted in the water storage tank (13), silver carp, bighead carp and spiral shell are thrown in the water storage tank, the water depth in the water storage tank (13) is 2.5-2.8m, the transparency is 25-30cm, and the pH value is 7.2-8.5.
7. The purification system for comprehensively cultivating fish and shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that: a real-time monitoring device is arranged in the aquaculture pond (16) to monitor the pH value, the dissolved oxygen and the temperature of water quality in real time.
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| CN114451337A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-10 | 浙江春归雁生态农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding Scylla paramamosain in pond by saline-alkali water in inner Mongolia plateau saline-alkali soil |
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| CN116508711A (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-01 | 武汉中科水生生态环境股份有限公司 | Concentrated continuous cultivation tail water multi-circulation treatment system |
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