CN110934096A - Bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding system and method - Google Patents
Bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding system and method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ecological culture, and provides a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological culture system which comprises a culture pond, an ecological protection slope and an ecological purification pond, wherein the culture pond comprises a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area, a sedimentation channel is arranged on the side edge of the culture pond, culture tail water generated by the culture pond is discharged into the sedimentation channel for sedimentation and then flows into the ecological protection slope, the culture tail water after filtration and adsorption treatment of the ecological protection slope flows into the ecological purification pond positioned on the slope bottom side of the ecological protection slope, and the culture tail water after treatment of the ecological purification pond is introduced into the culture pond through a backflow pipeline for cyclic utilization; the invention also provides a culture method for ecological culture by using the ecological culture system. The culture system and the culture method of the invention apply a multi-nutrition-level comprehensive culture mode and a saline-alkali soil pond culture tail water biological and ecological purification measure, thereby not only ensuring the quality and safety of aquatic products, but also improving the comprehensive economic benefit of culture, and having wide popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological breeding, in particular to a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding system and a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding method.
Background
Saline-alkali water is a third water resource different from seawater and fresh water, and in recent years, due to the definition of red lines in natural conservation areas, basic farmlands and the like and the emergence of new environmental laws and regulations, the space for fishery development is limited, saline-alkali wastelands are scientifically and reasonably developed, and the development of ecological culture becomes a direction for green development of aquaculture.
At present, most of yellow river beaches in Shanxi province belong to heavy carbonate type saline-alkali soil, underground water has the characteristics of high pH, high carbonate salinity, ion proportion imbalance and the like, aquaculture in the saline-alkali soil is influenced by water source conditions and geographical environment, water is mainly added and supplemented for aquaculture, water exchange amount is limited to a certain extent, water change is generally small, and regulation and control of water quality in the aquaculture process become key points, while the traditional pond aquaculture mode is characterized by an open aquaculture mode with high density, high bait casting rate and high water change rate, high biological load and high input are remarkable, a large amount of residual baits, fertilizers and biological metabolites are accumulated, so that the self-purification capacity of aquaculture water is reduced, water eutrophication is remarkable, the self-pollution of the aquaculture water exceeds the water load capacity of a pond, and meanwhile, the exogenous water environment deterioration also causes the aggravation of the water load of the pond and fish diseases frequently occur, causes great loss to the aquaculture industry and also causes great pressure to the water ecological environment.
The core of the pond circulating water aquaculture mode lies in aquaculture tail water ecological management, at present, saline-alkali water bodies under saline-alkali soil conditions have salt stress effect on animals and plants to cause poor stability of pond aquaculture water bodies, the saline-alkali characteristics of the pond water bodies are aggravated by ion exchange between the bottom of the pond and the water bodies, and the water body stability of a saline-alkali soil pond is realized on the basis of comprehensive utilization of multiple nutrition levels of the water bodies and timely discharge of tail water at the bottom of the pond. In addition, the existing culture conditions of the saline-alkali area, the culture tail water treatment process taking the ecological ditch, the filter dam, the aeration tank and the ecological treatment tank as main contents is not suitable for ecological purification of the culture tail water of the saline-alkali area.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding system and a breeding method for solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding system and a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding method for overcoming at least one defect (deficiency) in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological culture system comprises a culture pond, a sewage discharge pipeline, an ecological slope protection, an ecological purification pond and a return pipeline in sequence along the flowing direction of culture tail water;
the culture pond comprises a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area;
a sedimentation channel is arranged on a pond bank on the side of the culture pond, and culture tail water generated by the culture pond is discharged into the sedimentation channel through a sewage discharge pipeline for sedimentation;
the ecological slope protection is positioned on one side of the sedimentation channel far away from the culture pond, and the culture tail water after sedimentation flows into the ecological slope protection through the sedimentation channel;
the ecological purification pond is positioned at the slope bottom side of the ecological slope protection, and the culture tail water after being filtered and adsorbed by the ecological slope protection flows into the ecological purification pond;
an ecological permeable dam is arranged in the ecological purification pond, so that the ecological purification pond is divided into a planting wet area and a biological purification area, and the culture tail water treated by the ecological purification pond is discharged into the culture pond through a return pipeline for cyclic utilization.
Furthermore, the bottom of the culture pond is in a funnel shape with high periphery and low center, so that culture sediments can automatically flow to the center of the bottom of the culture pond along with the movement of fishes or shrimps and the stirring of an aerator, and can be intensively pumped out;
at least one corner of the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a sewage collecting well, a water inlet of the sewage discharge pipeline extends into the sewage collecting well, and the sewage collecting well is arranged, so that culture tail water can be intensively pumped out by the sewage discharge pipeline, and fish or shrimp growth activity is prevented from being disturbed in the sewage discharge process;
a bottom drainage pipe is embedded at the bottom of the culture pond, a water inlet of the bottom drainage pipe penetrates through the center of the bottom of the culture pond, a water outlet of the bottom drainage pipe is connected into the sewage collecting well, the bottom drainage pipe is obliquely arranged, and a water inlet of the bottom drainage pipe is higher than a water outlet, so that deposited wastes at the bottom of the culture pond can automatically flow into the sewage collecting well along with culture tail water by means of gravity;
an escape-proof net is arranged near the water inlet of the bottom discharge pipeline and used for preventing fishes and shrimps from escaping from the sewage discharge pipeline along with water flow.
Furthermore, a water inlet of the backflow pipeline extends into the water body at the bottom of the biological purification area, a water outlet of the backflow pipeline leads to the upper part of the culture pond, a biological floating bed is arranged at the upper part of the water body of the biological purification area, and aquatic plants are planted on the biological floating bed, so that soluble nutrient salts in water can be further absorbed and utilized.
Furthermore, a first drainage pump is arranged on the sewage discharge pipeline, a second drainage pump is arranged on the backflow pipeline, and the drainage pump is arranged, so that power can be provided for water flow pressurization, the water flow speed is increased, and the drainage efficiency is improved.
The invention also aims to provide a method for ecologically culturing the circulating water in the bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond, which utilizes the system for ecologically culturing the circulating water in the bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond to culture, and comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging an interception net in a culture pond, dividing the culture pond into a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area according to area proportion, respectively culturing fish and shrimps, and discharging culture tail water generated in the culture pond into a sedimentation channel for sedimentation through a sewage discharge pipeline;
s2, filling clay on the ecological slope protection, covering and planting root-accumulating plants, and carrying out primary filtration, absorption and adsorption treatment on the culture tail water overflowing from the sedimentation channel;
s3, respectively planting aquatic plants and cultured fishes in a planting wet area, an ecological permeable dam and a biological purification area of the ecological purification pond, purifying, utilizing and treating the culture tail water passing through the ecological slope protection sequentially through the planting wet area, the ecological permeable dam and the biological purification area, and finally discharging the culture tail water into the culture pond through a backflow pipeline for recycling;
and S4, arranging a biological floating bed on the upper part of the water body of the biological purification area, and planting aquatic plants on the biological floating bed.
Therefore, the whole ecological culture system adopts the water body heterotopic restoration technology, and the culture tail water generated by the culture pond is timely discharged to each downstream treatment facility, so that the water body load of the culture pond can be reduced on the one hand, the ion exchange between water and soil at the bottom of the culture pond can be reduced on the other hand, and the influence of the salinization at the bottom of the culture pond on the water quality is reduced. The culture tail water is subjected to biological and ecological purification through facilities such as an ecological slope protection, a planting wet area, an ecological permeable dam, a biological purification area and the like in sequence, the water quality reaches the fishery water quality standard after system treatment and restoration, and the culture tail water can flow back to the culture pond for cyclic utilization.
Further, the step S1 further includes the following steps:
s11, arranging an interception net on the culture pond according to the area ratio of 9:1 to form a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area;
s12, putting fish larvae with the volume larger than the meshes of the interception net in the fish culture area;
s13, putting the shrimp larvae of which the volume is smaller than that of the mesh of the interception net in the shrimp culture area.
Thus, a water body in-situ restoration technology is adopted in the culture pond, according to biological principles such as ecological balance of pond water body, species symbiosis mutual benefit, multi-level utilization of substances and the like, a multi-nutrition-level comprehensive culture mode is constructed by arranging a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area, and multiple culture species such as mainly cultured fish, polycultured herbivory, omnivory, carnivorous, filter-feeding fish, benthic shrimps and the like are cultured in the same water body according to a certain quantity relation on the basis of fully utilizing natural productivity and prolonging a food chain, so that the biological species in the water area of the culture pond are increased, the ecological system is more complex and stable, the resistance to external factors is enhanced, the stability of the culture environment is maintained, the growth of the culture species is promoted, the bait utilization rate is improved, and the circulation of energy and substances in the culture water body is promoted.
Further, the step S3 includes the following steps:
s31, constructing an ecological permeable dam in the ecological purification pond by using gravel and broken stones, planting aquatic plants on the ecological permeable dam, and culturing microorganisms;
s32, planting lotus seeds in the wet planting area;
s33, cultivating filter-feeding fishes in the water body of the biological purification area.
Furthermore, the area ratio of the planting wet area to the biological purification area in the ecological purification pond is 3: 2. Thus, by building the ecological permeable dam, reasonably planning a planting wet area and a biological purification area in the ecological purification pond, planting lotus seeds, aquatic plants and culturing filter-feeding fishes, and further purifying the culture tail water by utilizing the principles of biological absorption purification and artificial wetland.
The ecological permeable dam is built by gravel and broken stones, has percolation effect, simultaneously plants aquatic plants and culture microorganisms which have purification effect on water quality on the dam body of the ecological permeable dam, combines percolation principle and biological absorption purification principle, can further purify culture tail water, and is additionally provided with the ecological permeable dam, so that a buffer zone can be formed in a planting wetland zone at the upstream of the dam, the settlement of suspended particulate matters and nutrient salt in the culture tail water is promoted by prolonging the retention time of the culture tail water, meanwhile, the nutrient salt is further absorbed, adsorbed and intercepted by the aquatic plants and the microorganisms on the lotus seeds and the dam, and finally, the culture tail water which is subjected to biological and ecological purification flows back along a return pipeline to enter the culture pond for cyclic utilization.
Further, what plant on the ecological bank protection holds root plant is alfalfa, and alfalfa vitality is strong, easily plants, and the adaptability is good, and output is high, has good nutritive value and economic value, plants alfalfa on the ecological bank protection and can play fine filtration, absorption, purification effect to breeding the tail water, additional production economic benefits.
Furthermore, the mesh gap of the interception net arranged in the culture pond is 1-3 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the characteristics of high pH value, high carbonate salinity and high ion concentration of the water body of the bicarbonate type saline-alkali land pond, the bicarbonate type saline-alkali land pond ecological culture system and the bicarbonate type saline-alkali land pond ecological culture method are formed by adopting a pond bottom pollution discharge technical measure and applying a multi-nutrition level comprehensive culture mode and a saline-alkali land pond culture tail water biological purification mode, so that the quality safety of aquatic products is guaranteed, the comprehensive economic benefit of the pond is improved, and the bicarbonate type saline-alkali land pond ecological culture system and the bicarbonate type saline-alkali land pond ecological culture method have wide popularization.
Under the background of development space restriction and environmental protection restriction in the aquaculture industry, the aquaculture system and the aquaculture method scientifically and reasonably utilize the saline-alkali wasteland to develop aquaculture and become one direction of aquaculture development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the stratum section of the bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological aquaculture system.
In the figure: 1-culture pond, 10-sewage discharge pipeline, 101-first drainage pump, 11-fish culture zone, 12-shrimp culture zone, 13-interception net, 14-sedimentation channel, 15-sewage collecting well, 16-bottom discharge pipeline, 161-escape-proof net, 2-ecological slope protection, 3-ecological purification pond, 30-ecological permeable dam, 31-planting wet area, 32-biological purification zone, 321-biological floating bed, 4-backflow pipeline and 41-second drainage pump.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for better illustration of the present embodiment, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The description of "first" and "second" referred to in the embodiments of the present invention is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance or implicit indication of the number of technical features indicated, whereby the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
Meanwhile, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, so to speak, as communicating between the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-2, a bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological culture system comprises a culture pond 1, a sewage discharge pipeline 10, an ecological slope protection 2, an ecological purification pond 3 and a backflow pipeline 4 in sequence along the flow direction of culture tail water;
the culture pond 1 comprises a fish culture area 11 and a shrimp culture area 12;
a sedimentation channel 14 is arranged on the pond bank at the side of the culture pond 1, and culture tail water generated by the culture pond 1 is discharged into the sedimentation channel 14 through a sewage discharge pipeline 10 for sedimentation;
the ecological slope protection 2 is positioned on one side of the sedimentation channel 14 far away from the culture pond 1, the precipitated culture tail water flows into the ecological slope protection 2 through the sedimentation channel 14, and root-accumulating plants are planted on the ecological slope protection 2;
the ecological purification pond 3 is positioned at the bottom side of the ecological protection slope 2, and the culture tail water after being filtered and adsorbed by the ecological protection slope 2 flows into the ecological purification pond 3;
an ecological permeable dam 30 is arranged in the ecological purification pond 3, so that the ecological purification pond 3 is divided into a planting wet area 31 and a biological purification area 32, and the culture tail water treated by the ecological purification pond 3 is introduced into the culture pond 1 through a return pipeline 4 for cyclic utilization.
The bottom of the culture pond 1 is designed into a funnel shape with high periphery and low center, thus being beneficial to enabling culture sediments at the bottom of the culture pond 1 to automatically flow to the center of the bottom of the culture pond along with the movement of fishes or shrimps and the stirring of an aerator so as to be intensively pumped out;
a sewage collecting well 15 is arranged at one corner of the bottom of the culture pond 1, a water inlet of the sewage discharge pipeline 10 extends into the sewage collecting well 15, and the sewage collecting well 15 is arranged, so that culture tail water can be intensively pumped out by the sewage discharge pipeline 10, and the growth activities of fishes or shrimps are prevented from being disturbed in the sewage discharge process;
a bottom drainage pipe 16 is buried at the bottom of the culture pond 1, a water inlet of the bottom drainage pipe 16 penetrates through the center of the bottom of the culture pond 1, an escape-preventing net 161 is arranged near the water inlet of the bottom drainage pipe 16, a water outlet of the bottom drainage pipe 16 is connected into the sewage collecting well 15, the bottom drainage pipe 16 is obliquely arranged, and the water inlet of the bottom drainage pipe 16 is higher than the water outlet, so that deposited wastes at the bottom of the culture pond 1 can automatically flow into the sewage collecting well 15 along with culture tail water by means of gravity.
The water inlet of the return pipeline 4 extends into the water body at the bottom of the biological purification area 32, the water outlet of the return pipeline 4 leads to the upper part of the culture pond 1, the biological floating bed 321 is arranged at the upper part of the biological purification area 32, and aquatic plants are planted on the biological floating bed 321, so that soluble nutritive salt in water can be further absorbed and utilized.
The drainage pipeline 10 is provided with a first drainage pump 101, the backflow pipeline 4 is provided with a second drainage pump 41, and the drainage pumps are arranged to provide power for water pressurization, accelerate water flow speed and improve drainage efficiency.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1-2, in example 2, the bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding system is used for ecological breeding, and the breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging an interception net in a culture pond 1, so that the culture pond 1 is divided into a fish culture area 11 and a shrimp culture area 12 according to the area proportion, respectively culturing fishes and shrimps, and discharging culture tail water generated in the culture pond 1 into a sedimentation channel 14 for sedimentation through a sewage discharge pipeline 10;
s2, filling clay on the ecological slope protection 2, planting alfalfa in a covering mode, and carrying out primary filtering, absorption and adsorption treatment on the culture tail water overflowing from the sedimentation channel 14. The alfalfa planted on the ecological slope protection 2 can play a good role in filtering, adsorbing and purifying the culture tail water, and additionally generates economic benefits;
s3, respectively planting aquatic plants and cultured fishes in a planting wet area 31, an ecological permeable dam 30 and a biological purification area 32 of the ecological purification pond 3, purifying, utilizing and treating the culture tail water passing through the ecological protection slope 2 sequentially through the planting wet area 31, the ecological permeable dam 30 and the biological purification area 32, and finally discharging the culture tail water into the culture pond 1 through a backflow pipeline 4 for recycling;
s4, arranging a biological floating bed 321 on the upper part of the water body in the biological purification area 32, and planting aquatic plants on the biological floating bed 321.
Therefore, the whole culture system adopts the water heterotopic restoration technology, the culture tail water generated by the culture pond 1 is discharged to a downstream treatment facility in time, on one hand, the water load of the culture pond 1 can be reduced, on the other hand, the ion exchange between water and soil at the bottom of the culture pond 1 can be reduced, and the influence of salinization at the bottom of the pond on the water quality is reduced. The culture tail water is biologically and ecologically purified through facilities such as an ecological slope protection 2, a planting wet area 31, an ecological permeable dam 30, a biological purification area 32 and the like, the water quality reaches the fishery water quality standard after system treatment and restoration, and the culture tail water can flow back to the culture pond 1 for cyclic utilization.
Wherein, in the step S1, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s11, arranging an interception net in the culture pond 1 according to the area ratio of 9:1 to form a fish culture area 11 and a shrimp culture area 12, wherein the mesh gap of the interception net is 1-3 cm;
s12, putting fish larvae with the volume larger than the meshes of the interception net in the fish culture area 11;
s13, putting the shrimp larvae with the volume smaller than the mesh of the intercepting net in the shrimp culture area 12.
Thus, a water body in-situ restoration technology is adopted in the culture pond 1, according to biological principles such as ecological balance of pond water body, species symbiotic mutual benefit, multi-level utilization of substances and the like, a multi-nutrition-level comprehensive culture mode is constructed by arranging the fish culture area 11 and the shrimp culture area 12, and various culture species such as mainly cultured fishes, mixedly cultured herbivory, omnivory, carnivorous, filter-feeding fishes, demersal shrimps and the like are cultured in the same water body according to a certain quantity relationship by fully utilizing natural productivity and prolonging a food chain as a principle, so that the biological species in the water area of the culture pond 1 are increased, an ecological system is more complex and stable, the resistance to external factors is enhanced, the culture environment is maintained to be stable, the growth of culture species is promoted, the bait utilization rate is improved, and the circulation of energy and substances in the culture water body is promoted.
Wherein, in the step S3, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s31, constructing an ecological permeable dam 30 by using gravel and gravels, planting aquatic plants on the ecological permeable dam 30, and culturing microorganisms;
s32, planting the lotus seeds in the planting wet area 31, wherein the lotus seeds can absorb and utilize nutrient substances in the water body, purify the water body and increase economic benefits;
s33, filter feeding fishes are cultured in the water body of the biological purification area 32, so that the water body can be further purified, and additional economic benefits are generated.
The area ratio of the planting wet area 31 to the biological purification area 32 in the ecological purification pond 3 is 3: 2. Thus, by constructing the ecological permeable dam 30, reasonably planning the planting wet area 31 and the biological purification area 32 in the ecological purification pond 3, planting the lotus, the aquatic plants and culturing the filter-feeding fishes, and combining the rapid infiltration principle, the biological absorption purification and the constructed wetland principle, the culture tail water can be further purified.
Example 3:
the ecological breeding system and the breeding method of the invention are adopted to realize a mode of breeding cyprinus carpio, and the specific breeding process is as follows:
① 4, 500 yellow river carps/mu, 5 fish/jin in specification, 300 crucian carps/mu-500 fish/mu, 20 fish/jin-8 fish/jin in specification, 200 grass carps/mu, 10 fish/jin in specification, chub bighead carp thrown according to the ratio of 3:1, 100 g/tail-150 g/tail in specification and about 200 fish/mu are thrown in ten days of the month;
② 5 the 3 thousands of south America white prawn seedlings are put in the early month of 895.
Wherein the area of the culture pond 1 is 5 mu-10 mu, the culture pond is rectangular or square, the length-width ratio is not more than 3:2, the depth of the pond is 2.5 m-3 m, and the mesh gap of the interception net in the culture pond 1 is 2cm, so that the commodity penaeus vannamei boone can pass through the culture pond, but the fish can not pass through the culture pond.
The cultivation tail water generated by the cultivation pond 1 is pressurized by the first drainage pump 101 along the sewage discharge pipeline 10 and then discharged into the sedimentation channel 14, the cultivation tail water overflows into the ecological slope protection 2 after being precipitated in the sedimentation channel 14, and as the ecological slope protection 2 is filled with clay and planted with perennial root-storage alfalfa, the clay and the alfalfa can play a primary filtering and purifying role in the cultivation tail water;
in addition, the area of the ecological purification pond 3 accounts for 10% of the water surface area of the culture pond 11, an ecological permeable dam 30 is built in the ecological purification pond 3 according to the area ratio of 3:2, so that the ecological purification pond 3 is divided into a planting wet area 31 and a biological purification area 32, lotus seeds are planted in the planting wet area 31, filter-feeding fishes are cultured in the water body of the biological purification area 32, a biological floating bed 321 is arranged at the upper part of the biological purification area 32, and aquatic plants are planted on the biological floating bed 321;
the ecological permeable dam 30 is built by gravel and broken stones, has percolation effect, meanwhile, aquatic plants and culture microorganisms which have purification effect on water quality are planted on the dam body of the ecological permeable dam 30, the culture tail water is further purified by combining percolation principle and biological absorption purification principle, in addition, the ecological permeable dam 30 is arranged, a buffer area is formed in a planting wet area 31 at the upstream of the dam, the retention time of the culture tail water is prolonged, the sedimentation of suspended particles and nutrient salt in the culture tail water is promoted, meanwhile, the nutrient salt is further absorbed, adsorbed and intercepted by the lotus seeds and the aquatic plants and microorganisms on the dam, and finally, the culture tail water after biological and ecological purification flows back into the culture pond 1 for recycling after being pressurized by the second drainage pump 41 along the backflow pipeline 4.
Example 4:
the ecological breeding system and the breeding method of the invention are adopted to implement a main grass carp breeding mode, and the specific breeding process is as follows:
① 4 in ten days of the month, 500 grass carp/mu with the specification of 10 grass carp/jin are thrown, 300-500 crucian carp/mu with the specification of 20 grass carp/jin-8 grass carp/jin, silver carp and bighead carp are thrown according to the ratio of 3:1 with the specification of 100-150 g/tail and about 200 grass carp/mu;
② 5 the south America white prawn seedlings are put in the early month of 895 for 2 ten thousand tails per mu.
Wherein the area of the culture pond 1 is 5 mu-10 mu, the culture pond is rectangular or square, the length-width ratio is not more than 3:2, the depth of the pond is 2.5 m-3 m, and the mesh gap of the interception net in the culture pond 1 is 3cm, so that the commodity penaeus vannamei boone can pass through the culture pond, but the fish can not pass through the culture pond.
The cultivation tail water generated by the cultivation pond 1 is pressurized by the first drainage pump 101 along the sewage discharge pipeline 10 and then discharged into the sedimentation channel 14, the cultivation tail water overflows into the ecological slope protection 2 after being precipitated in the sedimentation channel 14, and the ecological slope protection 2 is filled with clay and planted with perennial root-storage alfalfa, so that the clay and the alfalfa can play a role in primary filtration and purification of the cultivation tail water;
in addition, the area of the ecological purification pond 3 accounts for 10% of the water surface area of the culture pond 11, an ecological permeable dam 30 is built in the ecological purification pond 3 according to the area ratio of 3:2 so as to divide the ecological purification pond 3 into a planting wet area 31 and a biological purification area 32, lotus seeds are planted in the planting wet area 31, filter-feeding fishes are cultured in the water body of the biological purification area 32, a biological floating bed 321 is arranged at the upper part of the biological purification area 32, and aquatic plants are planted on the biological floating bed 321;
the ecological permeable dam 30 is built by gravel and broken stones, has percolation effect, meanwhile, aquatic plants with purification effect on water quality are planted on the dam body of the ecological permeable dam 30, the culture tail water is purified to a certain degree by combining a rapid percolation principle and an artificial wetland principle, the ecological permeable dam 30 is arranged, a buffer area can be formed in a planting wet area 31 upstream of the dam, the retention time of the culture tail water is prolonged, the settlement of suspended particulate matters and nutrient salts in the culture tail water is promoted, meanwhile, the nutrient salts are further absorbed, adsorbed and intercepted by the lotus seeds and the aquatic plants and microorganisms on the dam, and finally, the culture tail water after biological and ecological purification flows back into the culture pond 1 after being pressurized by the second drainage pump 41 along the backflow pipeline 4 for recycling.
In the drawings, the positional relationship is described for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the present patent; it should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological culture system is characterized by comprising a culture pond, a sewage discharge pipeline, an ecological slope protection, an ecological purification pond and a backflow pipeline in sequence along the flow direction of culture tail water;
the culture pond comprises a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area;
a sedimentation channel is arranged on a pond bank on the side of the culture pond, and culture tail water generated by the culture pond is discharged into the sedimentation channel through a sewage discharge pipeline for sedimentation;
the ecological slope protection is positioned on one side of the sedimentation channel far away from the culture pond, and the culture tail water after sedimentation flows into the ecological slope protection through the sedimentation channel;
the ecological purification pond is positioned at the slope bottom side of the ecological slope protection, an ecological permeable dam is arranged in the ecological purification pond so as to divide the ecological purification pond into a planting wet area and a biological purification area, and the culture tail water treated by the ecological slope protection flows into the ecological purification pond for further purification treatment and is finally discharged into the culture pond through a backflow pipeline for cyclic utilization.
2. The bicarbonate saline-alkali soil pond circulating water ecological aquaculture system of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the aquaculture pond is in a shape of a funnel with high periphery and low center;
a sewage collecting well is arranged at least one corner of the bottom of the culture pond, and a water inlet of the sewage discharge pipeline extends into the sewage collecting well;
a bottom drainage pipeline is buried at the bottom of the culture pond, a water inlet of the bottom drainage pipeline penetrates through the center of the bottom of the culture pond, a water outlet of the bottom drainage pipeline is connected into the sewage collecting well, and the bottom drainage pipeline is used for discharging culture deposition waste collected at the bottom of the pond into the sewage collecting well by means of culture tail water flowing;
an anti-escape net is arranged near the water inlet of the bottom drainage pipeline.
3. The bicarbonate saline-alkali soil pond circulating water ecological aquaculture system as claimed in claim 2, wherein a water inlet of the backflow pipeline extends into a bottom water body of the biological purification area, and a biological floating bed is arranged at the upper part of the biological purification area.
4. The bicarbonate saline-alkali soil pond circulating water ecological aquaculture system of claim 3, wherein a first drainage pump is arranged on the sewage discharge pipeline, and a second drainage pump is arranged on the return pipeline.
5. The method for the pond circulating water ecological aquaculture of the bicarbonate saline-alkali land is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, arranging an interception net in a culture pond, so that the culture pond is divided into a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area according to the area proportion, and the fish and the shrimp are respectively cultured;
s2, filling clay on the ecological slope protection, covering and planting root-accumulating plants, and carrying out primary filtration, absorption and adsorption treatment on the culture tail water overflowing from the sedimentation channel;
s3, respectively planting aquatic plants and cultured fishes in a planting wet area, an ecological permeable dam and a biological purification area of the ecological purification pond, and purifying, utilizing and treating the culture tail water passing through the ecological slope protection sequentially through the planting wet area, the ecological permeable dam and the biological purification area;
and S4, arranging a biological floating bed on the upper part of the biological purification area, and planting aquatic plants on the biological floating bed.
6. The method for the ecological aquaculture of the bicarbonate saline-alkali land with pond circulating water as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step S1, the method further comprises the following steps:
s11, arranging an interception net in the culture pond according to the area ratio of 9:1 to form a fish culture area and a shrimp culture area;
s12, putting fish larvae with the volume larger than the meshes of the interception net in the fish culture area;
s13, putting the shrimp larvae of which the volume is smaller than that of the mesh of the interception net in the shrimp culture area.
7. The method for the ecological aquaculture of the bicarbonate saline-alkali land with the pond circulating water as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s31, constructing an ecological permeable dam in the ecological purification pond by using gravel and broken stones, and planting aquatic plants on the ecological permeable dam;
s32, planting lotus seeds in the wet planting area;
s33, filter feeding fishes are cultured in the biological purification area.
8. The method for the pond circulating water ecological breeding of the bicarbonate saline-alkali soil according to claim 7, wherein the area ratio of the planting wet area to the biological purification area in the ecological purification pond is 3: 2.
9. The method for the pond-circulating water ecological breeding of bicarbonate saline-alkali soil according to claim 8, wherein the root-accumulating plant planted on the ecological slope protection is alfalfa.
10. The bicarbonate saline-alkali land pond circulating water ecological breeding method as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the mesh gap of the intercepting net is 1-3 cm.
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| CN115191395A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-10-18 | 江西省水产科学研究所(江西省鄱阳湖渔业研究中心、江西省渔业资源生态环境监测中心) | Freshwater pond recirculating aquaculture device and system |
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