CN113383742A

CN113383742A - Series multi-step landscape type pond culture integrated system

Info

Publication number: CN113383742A
Application number: CN202110593013.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐民俊; 付京花; 唐雪莲; 徐民杰
Original assignee: South China Agricultural University
Current assignee: South China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-05-28
Filing date: 2021-05-28
Publication date: 2021-09-14

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture, and discloses an integrated multi-step landscape pond culture system in series. The integrated system includes aquaculture ponds, ecological ditches and tail water purification ponds, and the aquaculture ponds are connected by pipes; there is a gradient distribution between the aquaculture ponds and the tail water purification ponds; filter dams are set between the aquaculture ponds and between the aquaculture ponds and the tail water. Between the purification ponds; the filter dam is provided with a brush filter tank and a ceramsite nitrification tank, and the ecological ditch is located on one side of the breeding pond, which is connected with the brush filter tank; the tail water purification pond includes successively connected sedimentation areas, aeration The sedimentation area is connected with the ecological ditches, and after passing through the filter dam and the aquaculture water after the sedimentation area, it flows into the aeration area respectively; The purified water in the area is returned to the aquaculture pond through the pump to complete the water recycling; the sedimentation area is connected with the sewage collection well to realize the comprehensive utilization of the aquaculture water body.

Description

Series multi-step landscape type pond culture integrated system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological agriculture, and particularly relates to a series multi-ladder landscape type pond culture comprehensive system.

Background

With the improvement of living standard, the demand and quality of aquatic protein are higher and higher. High-density, intensive aquaculture has become an important model in aquaculture today because of the increasing popularity of many farmers to produce higher yields and quality of aquatic products in the same aquaculture area. However, high-density culture means higher water body load, and the problems of frequent disease occurrence, substandard culture tail water discharge and the like caused by water quality deterioration are increasingly prominent. The invention provides an internal circulation type ecological breeding system which utilizes comprehensive measures such as slope terrain, artificial wetland and the like to realize low-energy consumption serial water supply and drainage, high-efficiency water quality restoration, automatic sediment collection and standard purification of breeding tail water. The aquaculture mode can realize automation and high-efficiency water purification, increase oxygen content and improve aquaculture environment parameters, thereby reducing fish diseases and antibiotic use, being beneficial to improving the quality safety of aquatic products, and belonging to an ecological, circulating, pollution-free, zero-emission and environment-friendly modern aquaculture mode.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a series multi-step landscape type pond culture integrated system.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a series multi-step landscape type pond culture integrated system comprises a plurality of culture ponds, ecological channels and tail water purification ponds, wherein the bottoms of the culture ponds are communicated through closed drain pipes; the aquaculture pond and the tail water purification pond are distributed in a gradient manner; filter dams are arranged among the aquaculture ponds and between the aquaculture pond and the tail water purification pond; the filtering dam is provided with a brush filtering tank and a ceramsite nitrification tank which are connected through a pipeline; the ecological ditch is positioned on one side of the aquaculture pond and is connected with the brush filter tank, and sediment residues in the brush filter tank are pumped into the ecological ditch through an internally-arranged sewage suction pump; the tail water purification pond comprises a precipitation zone, an aeration zone, an artificial wetland restoration zone and a purified water collection zone which are connected in sequence; the sedimentation area is connected with the ecological ditch, and the aquaculture water body passing through the filtering dam and the sedimentation area respectively flows into the aeration area to be aerated and aerated; then the sewage flows into the artificial wetland restoration area and the purified water collecting area in sequence, and the purified water in the collecting area flows back to the culture pond through a water pump to complete the recycling of the water; the settling zone is connected with the sewage collecting well, and the collected fish manure is used for vegetable irrigation, so that the comprehensive utilization of the aquaculture water body is realized.

Furthermore, a water inlet pipeline is also arranged between the aquaculture ponds, and a water quality monitor is arranged on the water inlet pipeline to display main water quality parameters in real time; and a water level control valve is arranged on a pipeline at an inlet of each culture pond and used for adjusting the water level difference of each culture pond.

Preferably, the depth of the brush filter tank and the depth of the ceramsite nitrification tank are both 80-100 cm, and the width of the brush filter tank and the width of the ceramsite nitrification tank are both 50-100 cm; and a fall of 10-20 cm is formed between the brush filtering tank and the ceramsite nitrification tank.

Preferably, the gradient distribution span of the pond culture integrated system is 2-15 degrees, the bottom of the culture pond is a slope inclined to the filter dam, and the inclination angle is 2-10 degrees; the adjacent water level difference between the aquaculture ponds is 10-30 cm.

Furthermore, the aquaculture pond is also provided with a plurality of ecological floating rafts and fountain type floating rafts, and a water sprayer is arranged in the middle of each fountain type floating raft; the area of the tail water purification pond accounts for 10-20% of the total area of the aquaculture pond; and a plurality of ecological floating rafts are arranged in the tail water purification pond.

Furthermore, the ecological ditch is in a descending gradient structure, and water can automatically flow to the settling zone along the ecological ditch; the bottom of ecological irrigation canals and ditches is hard bottom structure, the width of ecological irrigation canals and ditches is 50 ~ 100cm, and the degree of depth is 80 ~ 100 cm.

Furthermore, cobblestones and ceramsite are laid at the bottom of the ecological ditch; and floating plants are planted in the ecological ditch.

Furthermore, ecological slopes are built on two sides of the ecological ditch, and the slope ratio of the ecological slopes is 1 (2-3).

Furthermore, the settling area is in a curved surface shape, and an isolation belt is arranged at the joint of the settling area and the ecological ditch; the median comprises a plurality of brushes, the brush is perpendicular with the direction of intaking.

Further, the bottom of the settling area is provided with a sewage pump, and the sewage pump is connected with a sewage collecting well.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the pond culture comprehensive system utilizes the self-gravity of water as power, realizes the filtration of water flow along the gradient of gradient and does not need energy consumption. Firstly, dirt filtered by the brush filter tank is sucked by a dirt sucking pump at regular time without manual intervention; the filth of sedimentation tank is collected by soil pick-up pump automatic timing, and automatic soil pick-up and filth are collected, need not artificial intervention. Except for the backwater water pump, each stage of water pump only works for 1-2 times per week, so that the water body is purified, and the energy loss is avoided.

2. The aquaculture water body of the pond aquaculture comprehensive system is subjected to ecological restoration for 3 times, and is absorbed by ecological floating raft plants in an aquaculture pond for the first time; secondly, the dirt in the brush filter tank is absorbed for the second time through the ecological ditch; and the third time is absorption of the constructed wetland restoration area.

3. The pond culture comprehensive system adopts the series water purification channels to communicate all levels of water, realizes the collection and aggregation of pollutants and is convenient to recycle.

4. According to the pond culture comprehensive system, a plurality of fountain type ecological floating rafts are arranged in each culture pond for carrying out first round aeration; the secondary aeration is carried out in the aeration tank to finish the oxidation ex-situ remediation, and the dissolved oxygen can be increased by multiple times of aeration, so that the effect of the aerator is superior to that of a common impeller type aerator.

5. In the comprehensive pond culture system, culture water is firstly filtered for the first time among culture ponds through the filter dam; and pumping the sediment residues in the brush filter tank into an ecological ditch through an internally-arranged sewage suction pump, performing secondary sedimentation on the sediment residues through the ecological ditch, finally performing tertiary sedimentation in a sedimentation tank of a tail water purification pond, reducing suspended matters through multiple multistage filtration, and effectively realizing sedimentation of the suspended matters.

6. The pond culture comprehensive system comprises tidal nitrification treatment of an ecological ditch and nitrification treatment of various levels of filter dams; the nitrite in the water body can be effectively removed through the multi-stage multi-nitrification treatment of the aquaculture water body.

7. Fountain type floating rafts and ecological floating rafts are arranged in each culture pond and each tail water purification pond in the pond culture comprehensive system; the floating plants and ecological slopes thereof planted in the ecological ditches absorb a large amount of ammonia nitrogen; meanwhile, emergent aquatic plants, flowers or rice are planted in the constructed wetland restoration area in the tail water purification pond, so that not only can high-density fish and shrimp culture be realized, but also the culture tail water can be effectively utilized. Further absorbing and treating ammonia nitrogen and nitrite through multiple multi-stage treatments, and increasing the content of dissolved oxygen; the cultivation tail water is treated while the landscape feeling is taken into consideration.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the integrated system for cascade multi-step landscape pond culture in embodiment 1.

Wherein, 1 is a culture pond; 11 is an ecological floating raft, and 12 is a fountain type floating raft; 2 is a tail water purification pond; 21 is an aeration zone; 22 is an artificial wetland restoration area; 23 is a precipitation zone; 24 is a purified water collecting area; 3 is a filtering dam; 31 is a ceramsite nitrification tank, 32 is a brush filter tank, and 321 is a sewage suction pump; 33 is a communicating pipeline; 4 is an ecological ditch; 5 is a water pump; 6 is a water quality monitor, 7 is a water level control valve, and 8 is a sewage collecting well; the arrow direction is the water flow direction.

Detailed Description

The following examples are presented to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

A series multi-step landscape type pond culture integrated system is shown in figure 1 and comprises a plurality of culture ponds 1, ecological channels 4 and tail water purification ponds 2, wherein the culture ponds 1 are connected in parallel through pipelines; the aquaculture pond 1 and the tail water purification pond 2 are distributed in a gradient manner; filter dams 3 are arranged among the aquaculture ponds 1 and between the aquaculture ponds 1 and the tail water purification pond 2; the filter dam 3 is provided with a ceramsite nitrification tank 31 and a brush filter tank 32, and the ceramsite nitrification tank 31 and the brush filter tank 32 are connected through a pipeline; the ecological ditch 4 is positioned at one side of the aquaculture pond 1, the ecological ditch 4 is connected with the brush filter tank 32, and sediment residues in the brush filter tank 32 are pumped into the ecological ditch 4 through an internally-arranged sewage suction pump 321; the tail water purification pond 2 comprises an aeration area 21, an artificial wetland restoration area 22, a sedimentation area 23 and a purified water collection area 24; the settling zone 23 is connected with the ecological ditch 4, and the culture water in the culture pond 1 passes through the filter dam 3 and then flows into the aeration zone 21 together with the supernatant water of the ecological ditch 4 after passing through the settling zone 23, and then is aerated and oxygenated; then the sewage flows into the artificial wetland restoration area 22 and the purified water collecting area 24 in sequence, and the purified water collecting area 24 pumps the purified water into the aquaculture pond 1 through the water pump 5 to complete the recycling of the water; the bottom of settling zone 23 is equipped with the dredge pump, the dredge pump is connected with dirty well 8 of collection, and the fish feces who will collect is used for the vegetables to irrigate, realizes the comprehensive utilization of aquaculture body.

The aquaculture ponds 1 are connected through pipelines, a water quality monitor 7 is arranged on the pipelines, main water quality parameters including pH value, dissolved oxygen and water temperature are displayed in real time, video monitoring is additionally arranged, and the condition of the fishpond can be remotely monitored; and a water level control valve 6 is arranged on an inlet pipeline of the aquaculture pond 1 and is used for adjusting the water level difference of each aquaculture pond and displaying main water quality parameters in real time.

The bottom of the aquaculture pond 1 is an inclined slope inclined to the filter dam, and the inclination angle is 2-10 degrees; the adjacent water level difference between the aquaculture ponds is 10-30 cm, and the water level of the upper aquaculture pond is higher than that of the lower aquaculture pond to form the water level difference.

The gradient distribution span of the pond culture comprehensive system is 2-15 degrees, and the area of the tail water purification pond 4 accounts for 10-20% of the total area of the culture pond 1.

The aquaculture pond 1 is also provided with a plurality of ecological floating rafts 11 and fountain type floating rafts 12, and a water sprayer is arranged in the middle of the fountain type floating rafts 12; a plurality of ecological floating rafts are arranged in the tail water purification pond 4.

The ecological ditch 1 is in a descending gradient structure, and water can automatically flow to the settling area 23 along the ecological ditch 1; the bottom of ecological ditch 1 is hard bottom structure, the width of ecological ditch is 50 ~ 100 centimetres, and the degree of depth is 80 ~ 100 cm.

Cobblestones and ceramsite are laid on the bottom of the ecological ditch; and floating plants are planted in the ecological ditch.

Ecological slopes are built on two sides of the ecological ditch, and the slope ratio of the ecological slopes is 1 (2-3).

The settling area 23 is in a curved surface shape, and an isolation belt is arranged at the joint of the settling area 23 and the ecological ditch 4; the median comprises a plurality of brushes, the brush is perpendicular with the direction of intaking, slows down water velocity, realizes simultaneously that aquaculture water secondary filth deposits. The curved surface form bottom of sedimentation zone adds 1 platform of water pushing machine, regularly opens 1h every day, promotes rivers and makes the filth of sediment to the bottom of a boiler gathering, by the sewage suction pump of setting in sedimentation zone 23 bottom regularly collect collection dirty well 8, after waiting to collect the water in the dirty well, by the soil pick-up car siphoning away, accomplish the precipitate and collect and be used for doing the plant irrigation. The filtered water automatically flows into the aeration zone 21 for aeration through the self-gravity of the water. The water after aeration flows into the artificial wetland restoration area 22 and finally is collected into the purified water collection area 24. Then pumped to the culture pond 1 by a water pump 5 to complete water flow circulation. The sewage suction pump of each filtering dam and the sewage pump of the settling zone are controlled by a timing device and are opened and closed at regular time, so that the energy consumption and the labor cost are reduced.

The filtering dam is internally provided with two parts, namely a brush filtering tank 32 and a ceramsite nitrification tank 31, wherein the depth of the brush filtering tank 32 and the depth of the ceramsite nitrification tank 31 are both 80-100 cm, and the width of the brush filtering tank 32 and the width of the ceramsite nitrification tank 31 are both 50-100 cm; a fall of 10-20 cm is formed between the brush filter tank 32 and the ceramsite nitrification tank 31, water flows through the brush filter tank 32 and overflows to the ceramsite nitrification tank 31 through a pipeline by virtue of gravity, and after filtration of sewage and conversion of nitrite are completed, the water flows into a secondary aquaculture pond from the ceramsite nitrification tank 31. Similarly, the culture water in the second-level culture pond flows into the third-level culture pond after being treated by the second filtering channel, and the like.

The dirt in the brush filter tanks 32 of the filtering dams at all levels is collected to the ecological ditch 4 at one side of the aquaculture pond 1 through a dirt suction pipeline by a dirt suction pump 321, and automatically flows into the sedimentation area 23 of the tail water purification pond 4. The sewage suction pump is arranged in the brush filter tank 32, is controlled by a time control device connected with a power supply, and only works for 1-2 times per week. The ecological ditch is 50-100 cm deep and 80-150 cm wide, and various floating plants such as water lettuce and the like are planted in the ecological ditch.

The bottom of each level of aquaculture pond is a 2-10 degree slope, and the slope is inclined towards the respective filter dam, so that the sewage can be collected conveniently. Various floating plants and emergent aquatic plants are planted in the artificial wetland restoration area 22 and are used for absorbing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite. In addition, a closed drain pipe 33 with the pipe diameter of about 200cm is arranged between the aquaculture ponds 1, the drain pipe is positioned beside the ceramsite nitrification pond 31 of the filter dam 3, and the aquaculture ponds are communicated with each other through the closed drain pipe 33, so that water can be drained conveniently during aquaculture and fishing.

The breeding species in the breeding pond are mixed according to the quantity ratio of 7:2: 1. 70 percent of the fish is target economic fish, 20 percent of the fish is silver carp or bighead carp, and 1 percent of the fish is black carp. Silver carps or bighead carps are mainly used for maintaining algae balance in water, and the black carps are used for eliminating snails such as river snails and ampullaria gigas and the like, so that comprehensive utilization of the water is realized. Vegetables or aquatic plants, such as water spinach and water lettuce, accounting for 10-20% of the water surface are planted in each culture pond through the ecological floating rafts 11. A water sprayer is arranged in the middle of the fountain type ecological floating raft 12, water is sprayed into the air, and the landscape is formed while oxygen is exposed.

When water in the culture pond 1 passes through the brush filter tank 32 and the ceramsite nitrification tank 32 arranged on the filter dam 3, the water is firstly precipitated and filtered through the brush filter tank 32, the precipitated water enters the ceramsite nitrification tank 31 for nitrification under the overflow action, and then automatically flows into the next-stage culture pond under the gradient action. The residue from the brush filter 32 is pumped into the ecological ditch 4 by the sewage suction pump 321 2 times a week. The ecological ditch is of a hard bottom structure, cobblestones and ceramsite are laid on the ecological ditch, floating plants are planted in the ecological ditch, and plants are planted on two sides of the ecological ditch to serve as ecological slopes. The sediment filtered by the brush filter tank 32 is pumped into the ecological ditch by the sewage suction pump 321, and the sewage with high-concentration sediment of sediment residues automatically flows downstream along the ecological ditch 4 due to the descending gradient and flows into the sedimentation area 23 of the tail water purification pond 2 for sedimentation. Because the sewage suction pump 321 is used for regularly pumping sewage containing high-concentration sediments, the water in the ecological ditch 4 has a tidal action, namely, the tidal circulation action of 'soaking-non-soaking-non-soaking', which is beneficial to the operation of nitrifying bacteria in cobblestones and ceramsite, thereby realizing high-efficiency nitrite conversion. The water in the last stage of aquaculture pond directly enters the aeration area 21 through the filtering dam. After the water in the ecological ditch is settled in the settling zone 23, the supernatant water also flows into the aeration zone 21.

The supernatant water precipitated in the precipitation zone and the water entering from the last stage of aquaculture pond flow into the aeration zone to be converged, aerated and oxygenated, and then flow into the constructed wetland restoration zone 22. Emergent aquatic plants or paddy rice are planted in the artificial wetland restoration area 22, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are further absorbed, the pH value is adjusted to a normal cultivation range, and then the emergent aquatic plants or the paddy rice automatically flow into the purified water collection area 24 through the overflow effect and the water self-gravity, so that the purified water collection is realized. The collected purified water is pumped to the first-stage aquaculture pond through the water pump 5, and the water recycling is completed.

In addition, a water outlet pipe with the pipe diameter of about 110cm is led out from the first-stage aquaculture pond and is respectively connected with other aquaculture ponds at different stages. And a water level control valve 7 is arranged on an inlet pipeline of each stage of aquaculture pond and is used for adjusting the water level of each stage of pond so as to prevent the difference of aquaculture water levels caused by the difference of water speeds among the aquaculture ponds.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A series multi-step landscape type pond culture integrated system is characterized by comprising a plurality of culture ponds, ecological channels and tail water purification ponds, wherein the bottoms of the culture ponds are communicated through closed drain pipes; the aquaculture pond and the tail water purification pond are distributed in a gradient manner; filter dams are arranged among the aquaculture ponds and between the aquaculture pond and the tail water purification pond; the filtering dam is provided with a brush filtering tank and a ceramsite nitrification tank which are connected through a pipeline; the ecological ditch is positioned on one side of the aquaculture pond and is connected with the brush filter tank, and sediment residues in the brush filter tank are pumped into the ecological ditch through an internally-arranged sewage suction pump; the tail water purification pond comprises a precipitation zone, an aeration zone, an artificial wetland restoration zone and a purified water collection zone which are connected in sequence; the sedimentation area is connected with the ecological ditch, and the aquaculture water body passing through the filtering dam and the sedimentation area respectively flows into the aeration area to be aerated and aerated; then the sewage flows into the artificial wetland restoration area and the purified water collecting area in sequence, and the purified water in the collecting area flows back to the culture pond through a water pump to complete the recycling of the water; the settling zone is connected with the sewage collecting well, and the collected fish manure is used for vegetable irrigation, so that the comprehensive utilization of the aquaculture water body is realized.

2. The integrated system for pond culture with the cascade multi-step landscape according to claim 1, wherein a water inlet pipeline is arranged between the culture ponds, a water quality monitor is arranged on the water inlet pipeline, and main water quality parameters are displayed in real time; and a water level control valve is arranged on a pipeline at an inlet of each culture pond and used for adjusting the water level difference of each culture pond.

3. The integrated system for pond culture with the cascade multi-step landscape according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the brush filter tank and the ceramsite nitrification tank is 80-100 cm, and the width of the brush filter tank and the ceramsite nitrification tank is 50-100 cm; and a fall of 10-20 cm is formed between the brush filtering tank and the ceramsite nitrification tank.

4. The integrated system for pond culture with the cascade multi-step landscape according to claim 1, wherein the span of gradient distribution of the integrated system for pond culture is 2-15 degrees, the bottom of the culture pond is a slope inclined to the filter dam, and the inclination angle is 2-10 degrees; the adjacent water level difference between the aquaculture ponds is 10-30 cm.

5. The integrated system for pond culture with multi-step landscapes in series connection of claim 1, wherein the culture pond is further provided with a plurality of ecological rafts and fountain rafts, and a water sprayer is arranged in the middle of each fountain raft; the area of the tail water purification pond accounts for 10-20% of the total area of the aquaculture pond; and a plurality of ecological floating rafts are arranged in the tail water purification pond.

6. The integrated system for pond culture according to claim 1, wherein the ecological channel is in a descending gradient structure, and water automatically flows along the ecological channel to the settling zone; the bottom of ecological irrigation canals and ditches is hard bottom structure, the width of ecological irrigation canals and ditches is 50 ~ 100cm, and the degree of depth is 80 ~ 100 cm.

7. The integrated system for pond culture with multi-step landscape in series connection of claim 6, wherein the bottom of the ecological ditch is paved with cobblestones and ceramic particles; and floating plants are planted in the ecological ditch.

8. The integrated system for pond culture with the cascade multi-step landscape according to claim 6, wherein ecological slopes are built on two sides of the ecological ditch, and the slope ratio of the ecological slopes is 1 (2-3).

9. The integrated system for pond culture with multi-step landscape in series connection of claim 1, wherein the sedimentation area is curved, and an isolation belt is arranged at the connection position of the sedimentation area and the ecological ditch; the median comprises a plurality of brushes, the brush is perpendicular with the direction of intaking.

10. The integrated system for pond culture according to claim 9, wherein a sewage pump is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation zone and connected with a sewage collecting well.