CN102211814A - Method for controlling algae in eutrophic freshwater body by cultivating Sinilabeo fishes - Google Patents
Method for controlling algae in eutrophic freshwater body by cultivating Sinilabeo fishes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102211814A CN102211814A CN2010101374121A CN201010137412A CN102211814A CN 102211814 A CN102211814 A CN 102211814A CN 2010101374121 A CN2010101374121 A CN 2010101374121A CN 201010137412 A CN201010137412 A CN 201010137412A CN 102211814 A CN102211814 A CN 102211814A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- dace
- magnificent
- algae
- water
- fish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling algae in eutrophic freshwater body by cultivating Sinilabeo fishes, relating to a water treatment method. Aiming at the problem that blue-green algae frequently outbreaks in eutrophic freshwater body during pond cultivation, Sinilabeo fishes only propagating in a mountain stream running water environment are introduced for eating algae and detritus matters at the same time so as to achieve the purpose of thoroughly purifying a cultivating environment in the eutrophic freshwater body. The method is characterized in that the Sinilabeo fishes are cultivated in the eutrophic freshwater body; before cultivation, fingerlings are specified to be within 24 months old and are transferred to the pond to be purified by using a keep-alive transportation method; and the big Sinilabeo fishes are caught and small ones are reserved yearly according to the density of the Sinilabeo fishes cultivated in the water environment. By use of the method, the algae content in the eutrophic freshwater body for cultivating can be effectively reduced, and nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salts in the water and humus in the water bottom are brought out of the water body by harvesting the proliferous Sinilabeo fishes, so that the quality of the water body for cultivating is greatly improved, and the algae outbreak is controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water treatment method, being specifically related to a kind of mountain stream flowing water Mesichthyes and moving the method for supporting control algae content in the eutrophication fresh water water body, is the method that is applicable to that the high algae water of prevention and control occurs in the eutrophy fresh water water body environments such as landlocked reservoir, pond on a hill, pond, artificial wet land system, the preposition storehouse of waterhead area, lake.
Background technology
Because the excessive input natural waters of nutritive substance such as nitrogen, phosphorus, the natural water eutrophication is more and more serious, pond culture feeds intake many, and ight soil and residual bait accumulate in a large number, annual autumn in summer high temperature season, algae excessive growth in the water, blue-green alga bloom breaks out again and again, and stench is unpleasant, water quality deterioration, the ecosystem is unbalance, influences fish production.
Present algae control method both domestic and external has three classes: a class is easily to cause secondary pollution and chemical method residual but instant effect; One class is the very high physics method of cost that wastes time and energy; Also having a class is biological process, and biological process is low because of removing the algae cost, does not have by product and receives increasing concern, and its ultimate principle is to adopt special organism to control the growth of algae and algae food chain moiety.In biological method, indigenous waterplant the eutrophication degree than the heavy water body in recovery rate not high always, exotic plants such as Herba Eichhorniae can be caused species invasion, use the microbiological manipulation algae to have health risk and ecological risk.Abroad by throwing in predacious fish or manually fishing for the fish that remove food zooplankton in the water body, the population quantity that improves zooplankton in the water body controls algae content, and this method effect in the big water surface and deep water body is not obvious, and success ratio is not high.Domesticly directly filter in the drinking water algae and control algae by putting filter-feeding fishes such as silver carp, flathead in a suitable place to breed, but owing to silver carp, flathead only can effectively filter food to macro, small-sized algae but increases rapidly, often makes before algae aggregate level and chlorophyll concentration are handled in the water body higher.In recent years, the breeding environment cleaning project is carried out rapidly, its core is with waterplant, filter feeder and substrate deposition property refuse is had the detritus feeding habits animal of the effect of ingesting is clean biometric, strengthen the environment cleaning function, reduce the Pollutant levels of breeding environment and existence water body, reach the degree of depth, thoroughly control the purpose of algae.
It is famous-brand and high-quality fish of a class fresh water in the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream river basin, water system upstream that the China dace belongs to fish.Be distributed in the Zhujiang River, the Min River, Han Jiang, Hainan Island, the island of Taiwan, Yuanjiang River and Lancang River water system, see Vietnam abroad, with living algae is main foodstuff, the cutin edge of Chang Yiqi lower jaw is scraped on objects such as water-bed rock and is got food, also eats chip and the water-bed humus matter of some zooplanktons and higher plant.Sexual maturity was 2 ages in winter, and generative phase is longer, since March, can be extended down to 8, September.Chase mutually in the gregarious spawning ground of parent population between overflow stage, also can send cluck ... cluck ... courtship song, the spawning place many in the river, the upstream.
The China dace is distributed in Upper Yangtze River master stream and each the big tributary, is many with the mountain stream streams that The turbulent river crashes its way through, water quality is limpid, Chuan Dong basin especially.The sibling species of China dace has 11 kinds, and wherein Dongting Lake China dace (Sinilabeotungting is commonly called as: imperial fish, imperial pike, black carp) is distributed in Jingjiang section, the Changjiang river, Hubei, Hunan Dongting Lake, Yuanjiang water system; (Sinilabeo decorus is commonly called as osmanthus China dace: black cloth); Sinilabeo decorus tungting Sinilabeo decorus tungting (Nichols).Inhabit in the current anxious river and mountain stream streams, be the end dwelling property fish, the life of happiness cluster.Often haunt in the rock gap, on the matrix at the bottom of the chad, look for food, utilize the sharp keen cutin edge of lower jaw to scrape and getting living algae, also eat branches and leaves, chip of higher plant etc.Go into after the winter, then tens of tails of magnificent dace even tail cluster up to a hundred are survived the winter seldom outdoor activity in the deep water cave.Get final product sexual maturity 2 ages.Parent population enters an abortive egg in 4-6 month cluster, and the spawning ground is beach, the torrent shoal tail of chad substrate.So far do not see to move to support in fresh water eutrophication pond environment, to be used as clean biometric the environment of purifying waste water, the report of control blue algae bloom in patent and the document.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortage of pond culture water technology, blue-green algae is broken out again and again, influence the practical situation of fish production, provide a kind of eutrophication fresh water water body to move and support magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, this method cost is low, simple to operate, does not have secondary pollution, because it is magnificent dace belongs to the fish detritus material of also eating in the algae that eats, more thorough than silver carp, flathead purifying treatment effect; They can only be grown in the eutrophication freshwater and can not natural propagation, can not bring species invasion, when purifying water, can also increase than silver carp, flathead fine aquaculture product more, increase economy and social value.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of eutrophication fresh water water body moves supports magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, moves in the pond culture eutrophication water and supports magnificent dace genus fish; Move foster specification for culturing the fingerling in 24 months ages, total length 2-5 centimetre fingerling is preferably taked nearby then or remote surviving transportation method is transferred in the water surrounding that needs to purify and be cultured; Moving foster fish moves foster by different age gradings or mixing; The biomass density situation that belongs to fish according to water surrounding China dace catch year by year stay greatly little.
The present invention is finished by following steps: it is foster that 1. magnificent dace belongs to moving of fish: the magnificent dace of 1-24 month monthly age size is belonged to fish move and support in specific Cultivation container, guarantee the dissolved oxygen abundance, make magnificent dace belong to the fish fry and fingerling and adapt to fresh water eutrophication breeding environment fully; Moving and supporting best age is the 1-6 monthly age month, the monthly age is big more move support difficult more; 2. magnificent dace is belonged to the fish fry and fingerling nearby or remote keep-alive be transported to eutrophication water, put in a suitable place to breed by monthly age or total length size fractionation; 3. every mu of area of magnificent dace genus fish fry of 2-5 centimetre is put the 50-500 tail in a suitable place to breed, allow its self-sow breed, every cubic metre capacity reaches 10-300 gram and can filter the food algae up hill and dale in the environment, detritus material in the water surrounding of eating simultaneously, reach the purpose of more thorough control algae, the fish body weight surpasses when 1000 grams and every cubic metre of environmental capacity restrain greater than 300 fishes for, and also can according to circumstances fish in advance in good time; 4. eutrophication fresh water water body moves and supports magnificent dace and belong to the fish algae control method, and its feature moves that foster magnificent dace belongs to that fish comprise but not only for magnificent dace, Dongting Lake China dace, osmanthus China dace, Sinilabeo decorus tungting, dace and the filial generation that produces mutually thereof.
This programme obligee moves and supports the zone is landlocked eutrophic water environment, move and support purpose for controlling algae content, improving water quality, increase transparency and increase output of aquatic products, other move support that magnificent dace belongs to and dace belong to fish handing-over both sides, both sides of supply and demand, grant and accept both sides and retrained by this programme, the rights and interests of infringement this programme obligee's innovation achievement.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1. the present invention compares with existing algae control method, and it is low, simple to operate to have a cost, does not have secondary pollution, and the magnificent dace of introduction belongs to fish can not natural propagation in the pond, does not have the ecological risk of alien species invasion.The magnificent dace of fishing for results simultaneously belongs to fish and takes part detritus material in nutritive salt such as algae, a part of nitrogen phosphorus and the substrate in the water out of water surrounding, and purifying water body also can produce certain additional economic benefit.
2. benefit of the present invention is to utilize the magnificent dace of introducing to belong to fish and is eating algae simultaneously, the detritus material of also eating, and environment purification more completely, more effective reduction algae bio amount reaches control algae content and alleviates the dual purpose of eutrophication.
3. the present invention China dace genus fish are the detritus feeding fish, in the ecosystem, play the effect of desilting, the freshwater sediment organic matter is transported in the water, make matter and energy round-robin more optimized structure and reasonable in the ecosystem, additionally increase the output rate of freshwater settling organic matter.
4. the present invention moves at eutrophication fresh water water body and supports magnificent dace and belong to the experiment of fish and obvious in the effect of the Shanghai area lake enclosure experiment confirm control algae and the environment of purifying waste water, the comparison of algae content reduces 70-85% according to water body, has effectively controlled the outburst of eutrophic water body blue-green alga bloom the anniversary.
5. unit of water body is required during algae moves foster fish quantity than additive method still less, carrying difficulty when reducing the operation of control algae in control in the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail by following embodiment, but the technology contents that this embodiment is narrated is illustrative, rather than determinate, should not limit to protection scope of the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1: a kind of eutrophication fresh water water body moves supports magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, moves in the pond culture water body and supports magnificent dace genus fish; Move and allow magnificent dace belong to fish before supporting to adapt to fresh water eutrophication living environment, move foster specification and be total length 2-5 centimetre or culture fingerling in 24 months, take then nearby or remote surviving transportation method is transferred in the eutrophication water surrounding that needs to purify and be cultured; Move and move foster by different age gradings or mixing when supporting; According to the magnificent dace of propagation belong to fish biomass density situation in water surrounding catch year by year stay greatly little.
Embodiment 2: present embodiment comprises that particular content is that moving of 1. magnificent dace genus fish is foster: move the magnificent dace genus fish of 1-24 month monthly age size foster in specific Cultivation container, guarantee the dissolved oxygen abundance, make magnificent dace belong to the fish fry and fingerling and adapt to fresh water eutrophication breeding environment fully; Moving and supporting optimum specifications is the 1-6 monthly age month, the monthly age is big more move support difficult more; 2. the magnificent dace that has adapted to fresh water eutrophication breeding environment belong to the fish fry and fingerling nearby or remote keep-alive be transported to eutrophication water, put in a suitable place to breed by monthly age or size fractionation; 3. move the magnificent dace of supporting the pond and belong to the fish fry and fingerling, every mu of area of 2-5 centimetre fry is put the 50-500 tail in a suitable place to breed, allow its self-sow breed, every cubic metre capacity reaches the 10-300 gram in the environment, algae up hill and dale can eat, detritus material in the water surrounding of eating simultaneously reaches the purpose of more thorough control algae, and the fish body weight surpasses when 1000 grams and every cubic metre of environmental capacity restrain greater than 300 fishes for.The present embodiment utilization moves foster magnificent dace and belongs to fish the eat algae and the soil ulmin of eating, and to make the big water surface water body of eutrophication remove algae more abundant from more profound, purifies more thorough.Experimental result shows, after extra increase moves foster magnificent dace genus fish, compares with control group, and the algae average removal rate is 92.6%.
Embodiment 3: present embodiment and embodiment 2 differences are that magnificent dace genus fry control algae is added in the pond culture of 1.5 meters of average depths, move and support 2-5 centimetre of magnificent dace genus fish, the total quantity of every mu of immigration is the 100-300 tail, can effectively control algae content in the pond waters, the comparison of algae content reduces 70% according to water body, effectively control the outburst of eutrophic water body blue-green alga bloom the anniversary, avoided the growth of aquaculture water blue algae bloom.
Embodiment 4: present embodiment and enforcement 2 differences are that magnificent dace genus fish fingerling control algae is added in the pond culture of 1.5 meters of average depths, move foster 100-300 and restrain magnificent dace genus fish, the total amount of every mu of immigration is the 10-50 kilogram, can effectively control algae content in the pond waters, the comparison of algae content reduces 80% according to water body, effectively control the outburst of eutrophic water body blue-green alga bloom the anniversary, avoided the growth of aquaculture water blue algae bloom.
Embodiment 5: eutrophication fresh water water body moves foster magnificent dace and belongs to the fish algae control method, it is characterized in that moving foster magnificent dace genus fish and includes but are not limited to magnificent dace, Dongting Lake China dace, osmanthus China dace, Sinilabeo decorus tungting, dace and the mutual filial generation that produces thereof.
This programme obligee moves and supports the zone is water surroundings such as landlocked pond culture eutrophic water environment, landlocked freshwater lake, river course, reservoir, pond, artificial swamp, the preposition storehouse of waterhead area, move support purpose that magnificent dace belongs to fish for control algae content, improve water quality, increase transparency and increase output of aquatic products, forbid moving support affined object that magnificent dace belongs to fish comprise other handing-over both sides, both sides of supply and demand, grant and accept both sides.
Claims (8)
1. eutrophication fresh water water body moves and supports magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, in eutrophication freshwater aquiculture water body, move and support magnificent dace genus fish, move foster specification and be total length 2-5 centimetre or culture fingerling in 24 months, take then nearby or remote surviving transportation method is transferred in the water surrounding that needs to purify and be cultured; Moving foster fish moves foster by different age gradings or mixing; According to move support magnificent dace belong to fish density situation of biomass in water surrounding catch year by year stay greatly little.
2. move according to claims 1 described eutrophication fresh water water body and support magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, it is characterized in that moving in eutrophication freshwater aquiculture water body foster magnificent dace genus fish can only breed in flowing water environment.
3. move according to claims 1 described eutrophication fresh water water body and support magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, it is characterized in that it is interior fingerling of 24 months monthly ages that magnificent dace genus fish move foster specification, best moving that to support specification be the fry and fingerling of 1-6 in the monthly age month from the age angle, is total length 2-5 centimetre fry from the total length angle.
4. move according to claims 1 described eutrophication fresh water water body and support magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, it is characterized in that in eutrophication freshwater aquiculture water body, moving foster magnificent dace and belong to the fish fry and fingerling, every mu of area of 2-5 centimetre fry is put the 50-500 tail in a suitable place to breed, allow its self-sow breed, every cubic metre capacity reaches the 10-300 gram in the environment, the algae that can eat up hill and dale and breed in the pond, detritus material in the water surrounding of eating, reach the purpose of thorough control algae, the fish body weight surpasses when 1000 grams and every cubic metre of environmental capacity restrain greater than 300 fishes for.
5. move according to claims 1 described eutrophication fresh water water body and support magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, it is characterized in that adding the magnificent dace of breed at 1 meter depth of water eutrophication fresh water water body belongs to fish fry control algae, move and support 2-5 centimetre of magnificent dace genus fish, the total quantity of every mu of immigration is the 50-300 tail, can effectively control algae content in the pond waters, the comparison of algae content reduces 70%-90% according to water body.
6. move according to claims 1 described eutrophication fresh water water body and support magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, it is characterized in that adding magnificent dace at 1 meter depth of water eutrophication fresh water aquifer cultivation belongs to fish fingerling control algae, move foster 100-300 and restrain magnificent dace genus fish, the total amount of every mu of immigration is the 10-50 kilogram, can effectively control algae content in the pond waters, the comparison of algae content reduces 80%-90% according to water body.
7. move according to claims 1 described eutrophication fresh water water body and support magnificent dace and belong to the fish algae control method, it is characterized in that moving that foster magnificent dace belongs to that fish comprise but not only for magnificent dace, Dongting Lake China dace, osmanthus China dace, Sinilabeo decorus tungting and the filial generation that produces mutually thereof.
8. move according to claims 1 described eutrophication fresh water water body and support magnificent dace genus fish algae control method, it is characterized in that moving foster zone and be landlocked eutrophic water environment, move support purpose for control algae content, improve water quality, increase transparency and increase output of aquatic products, forbid moving support magnificent dace belong to fish be tied object for other handing-over both sides, both sides of supply and demand, grant and accept both sides.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101374121A CN102211814A (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2010-04-01 | Method for controlling algae in eutrophic freshwater body by cultivating Sinilabeo fishes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101374121A CN102211814A (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2010-04-01 | Method for controlling algae in eutrophic freshwater body by cultivating Sinilabeo fishes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102211814A true CN102211814A (en) | 2011-10-12 |
Family
ID=44743386
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101374121A Pending CN102211814A (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2010-04-01 | Method for controlling algae in eutrophic freshwater body by cultivating Sinilabeo fishes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102211814A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104355416A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-02-18 | 上海能正渔业科技开发有限公司 | Algae-controlling and water-purifying biocenosis |
| CN105347502A (en) * | 2015-12-12 | 2016-02-24 | 潘宏坚 | Method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water body |
| CN106719124A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省水产原种场 | A kind of method of domestication's Sinilabeo decorus tungting juvenile fish |
-
2010
- 2010-04-01 CN CN2010101374121A patent/CN102211814A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104355416A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-02-18 | 上海能正渔业科技开发有限公司 | Algae-controlling and water-purifying biocenosis |
| CN105347502A (en) * | 2015-12-12 | 2016-02-24 | 潘宏坚 | Method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water body |
| CN106719124A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省水产原种场 | A kind of method of domestication's Sinilabeo decorus tungting juvenile fish |
| CN106719124B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2019-09-20 | 湖南省水产原种场 | A kind of method of domestication's Sinilabeo decorus tungting juvenile fish |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Feng et al. | Development of mariculture and its impacts in Chinese coastal waters | |
| CN102040282B (en) | Alga control method for freshwater environment based on cultivation of barracudas and mullets | |
| Shpigel et al. | A proposed model for “environmentally clean” land-based culture of fish, bivalves and seaweeds | |
| CN102211819B (en) | Method for biological resource recovery of industrial marine fish aquaculture wastewater | |
| CN107258651A (en) | A kind of stereo ecological cultivating system of control body eutrophication | |
| CN103922478A (en) | Method for eutrophication treatment of deepwater of reservoirs | |
| CN110771543B (en) | Litopenaeus vannamei high-density culture method based on multistage biological self-regulation system | |
| WO2021227534A1 (en) | Biological combined purification pond for freshwater aquaculture tail water | |
| CN103548737A (en) | Low-carbon and environment-friendly fish-farming method | |
| CN102084837A (en) | Sea cucumber seedling culture method | |
| CN104285868A (en) | Litopenaeus vannamei and fish mixed culturing ecological breeding method | |
| CN105540855A (en) | Combined biomanipulation method for water-area ecological restoration | |
| CN111919808A (en) | Comprehensive fish and shrimp breeding purification system | |
| CN105941289A (en) | Highly-efficient low-polluted greenhouse soft-shelled turtle cultivation system and recycling method of cultivation waste water | |
| CN102369889A (en) | Snakehead fish cultivation method | |
| CN105254015A (en) | Food chain reconstruction method for lake water ecological management | |
| CN103355224A (en) | Novel stichopus japonicus fry breeding method | |
| CN102084842B (en) | Method for controlling algae in freshwater pond by cultivating mullets | |
| CN102211814A (en) | Method for controlling algae in eutrophic freshwater body by cultivating Sinilabeo fishes | |
| CN101622973A (en) | Soilless Nereid breeding method | |
| CN102084843B (en) | Method for controlling algae in freshwater pond by cultivating striped mullets | |
| CN101322479A (en) | Trepang intermediate nursing method | |
| CN106259068B (en) | A kind of polyculture method of Holothuria scabra and Penaeus Vannmei tank interior | |
| CN103803707B (en) | Inland eutrophication freshwater method is repaired in the purification of seawater grey mullet | |
| CN107381827B (en) | Spirogyra and attached algae control method based on water quality maintenance |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: SHANGHAI NENGZHENG FISHERY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI MIAOXING ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. Effective date: 20120920 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20120920 Address after: Qing'an road Qingpu town Qingpu District of Shanghai City, 408 Lane 25, Room 501 Applicant after: Shanghai Nengzheng Fishery Technology Development Co., Ltd. Address before: Qing'an road Qingpu town Qingpu District Shanghai city 201700 408 Lane 25, Room 501 Applicant before: Shanghai Miaoxing Environmental Protection Technology Development Co.,Ltd. |
|
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20111012 |