CN105254015A - Food chain reconstruction method for lake water ecological management - Google Patents
Food chain reconstruction method for lake water ecological management Download PDFInfo
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- CN105254015A CN105254015A CN201510627580.1A CN201510627580A CN105254015A CN 105254015 A CN105254015 A CN 105254015A CN 201510627580 A CN201510627580 A CN 201510627580A CN 105254015 A CN105254015 A CN 105254015A
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a food chain reconstruction method for lake water ecological management. The invention utilizes original food web breaking, new food web construction, and food web maintenance and management to establish a reasonable pyramid energy transfer mode; and reduces the stock and proportion of original small and omnivorous fish by driving, fishing, and stocking of large carnivorous fish for predation. The method avoids water turbidity caused by agitation of excessive bottom agitating and water agitating fish and difficult sedimentation, low water transparency, insufficient illumination needed by plants, and plant growth inhibition or even death, and kills harmful pathogens and larvae able to cause illness of submerged plants and fish in wate and sediment. The method provided by the invention has stable and lasting effects, assists construction of a submerged plant system, improves lake's recovery of self-adjustment ability, and beautifies the environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of environmental management, be specifically related to a kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, the standard of living of people improves constantly, and most of landscape lake is positioned at densely populated place, and the pollution stress be subject to is larger.And most of lake is once all as the important place of aquaculture, is main mainly with four large Chinese carps, therefore for ensureing high yield, predacious fish receives strict control.When people require more and more higher to standard of living; the water environment situation be degrading receives and extensively denounces; so policy of how putting into effect domestic is banned river,lake and reservior net cage, is forbidden that fertilising is breeded fish; and combine with protection with Ecology civilization construction, water environment treatment; propelling people is put sky support and implement clear water engineering and combine; outstanding solve net cage fertilising and to breed fish the problem of polluted water; accelerate to repair, rebuild river,lake and reservior waters Ecology pace of construction, carry out water pollution improvement and water conservation work comprehensively.
At present, unilaterally ban river,lake and reservior cage culture, forbid that fertilising is breeded fish, advance people to put sky and support, fundamentally can not solve the problem that unreasonable structure is brought, therefore the clear water engineering being redeveloped into prerequisite with food web must be implemented.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management is provided, for fundamentally solving the technical problem of water pollution improvement and water conservation.
Consider the problems referred to above of prior art, according to an aspect disclosed by the invention, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A food chain method for reconstructing for Lake Water ecological management, it comprises:
I) by driveing, fishing for, put in a suitable place to breed the predation of large-scale predacious fish, reduce storage and the ratio of original small-sized, ominivore-fish;
II) submerged plant and the sick harmful levels of pathogens of fish and larva can be caused in dissipation water body and bed mud.
In order to realize the present invention better, further technical scheme is:
According to one embodiment of the invention, the mode of throwing in chlorinated lime is adopted to drive cleaning to former fish system.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the consumption of described chlorinated lime is 15 ~ 20g/m
3.
According to another embodiment of the invention, throw in that the medicament such as chlorinated lime or potassium permanganate is disturbed pathogenic bacterium in water body and bed mud, water snout moth's larva ovum and larva, lobster adult and ovum, spearhead, China disturbs and carries out dissipation, for preventing, submerged vegetation is subject to lobster, water snout moth's larva destroys and disappears, and lake surface floating disconnected leaf and fish in a large number suffer hemorrhagic disease, gill rot, fish molds.
According to another embodiment of the invention, when external source pollution is effectively controlled, plantation is for absorbing bed mud and the mesotrophic submerged plant of water, and the planting patterns of described submerged plant adopts cuttage, and planting range is more than 70% of region, waters.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it also comprises the structure of zoobenthos.
According to another embodiment of the invention, described zoobenthos comprises puts hydriopsis cumingii, spiral shell and freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed, and the standard of putting in a suitable place to breed is: hydriopsis cumingii selects length to be 5 ~ 10cm, 1 ~ 2 year age, breeding density: 1/m
2; Spiral shell selects length to be 1 ~ 2cm, and breeding density is 2/m
2; Freshwater shrimp selects length to be 2 ~ 4cm, and breeding density is every two square metres and puts a tail in a suitable place to breed.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it also comprises the structure of fish system, it comprises putting in a suitable place to breed of filter-feeding fish and predacious fish, filter-feeding fish selects silver carp, bighead, duckbilled sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, and predacious fish selects mandarin fish, catfish, snakehead, Yellow catfish, perch, erythroculter ilishaeformis; Breeding density is: every mu, bighead 6 tail; Silver carp: 20 every mu, tails; Mandarin fish: 10 tails/mu; Snakeheaded fish: 15 every mu, tails; Yellow catfish: 15 every mu, tails; Juvenile fish is put in newly-built lake in a suitable place to breed, and specification is at 10g-50g/ tail; The transformation of old lake must put juvenile fish in a suitable place to breed to adult fish, and specification is at 100g-500g/ tail; Other specifications: other Fishs are grown up in 1/2 of predacious fish body length.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it also comprises the maintenance and management of food chain, and the maintenance and management of described food chain comprises the management of submerged plant, the maintenance of water quality and the management and utilization of fish system and zoobenthos system, the process of emergency situation.
The present invention can also be:
According to another embodiment of the invention, the described management to submerged plant comprises: pull out the strand of submerged plant, reseed, prune; Or according to the surviving rate of submerged plant of plantation and upgrowth situation, this kind is reseeded or changed; If submerged plant growing way is better emerged, water surface impact is attractive in appearance, prunes for 20cm place under water, has pruned to use and has drawn in the net the weeds that the removing water surface leaves over; If stand density is too little, then reseed, if density is too large, appropriate pulls out;
The management and utilization of described fish system comprises: the fishing for of fish, the putting in a suitable place to breed of fish, adjustment fish structure reaches filter-feeding fish accounting <15%, predacious fish accounting >55%, ominivore-fish accounting <20%.In ominivore-fish, carp and herbivorous fishes control below every mu of 1 tail; Fish structure comprises demersal fish, mesopelagic fish, pelagic fish, predacious fish containing large-scale, small-sized, pursue and attack type, ambuscade type, mild, violent type;
The management and utilization of described zoobenthos system comprises puts and is harmful to catching of zoobenthos to the benefit of zoobenthos;
If a large amount of unartificial disconnected leaf appears in surface, lake, take cage mode, confirming and catching is lobster or crab, and the catfish putting 500g-1000g/ tail in a suitable place to breed assists cage, can well control lobster and crab quantity;
If by observing water float, plant leaf surface, lakebed, the above plant of the water surface or cliff, be defined as the factors such as radish spiral shell and Fushou spiral shell, at the radish spiral shell having shell frangible in leaf surfaces or travelling, when more than the water surface having the oval ovum of the pink colour of attachment to pile, utilize the selectivity grazing behavior of black carp to put in a suitable place to breed and control radish spiral shell and Fushou spiral shell, coordinate artificial salvaging large-scale mode that is individual and manually removing worm's ovum simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The food chain method for reconstructing of a kind of Lake Water ecological management of the present invention, free of contamination clear water type Ecological Recovery of Water engineering mode is adopted to improve body eutrophication level, utilize that former food web is broken, the structure of new food net, rational pyramid energy transfer mode is set up in the maintenance management of food web, there is stable lasting effect, facilitate the structure of submerged plant system, improve the ability that lake self-recovery regulates, beautified environment and there is good ecological education meaning.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
A food chain method for reconstructing for Lake Water ecological management, utilizes that former food web is broken, the structure of new food net, the maintenance management of food web sets up rational pyramid energy transfer mode.Its feature: stablize dauer effect, auxiliary submerged plant system constructing, lake recovery capacity of self-regulation, beautifies the environment and ecological education meaning.Particularly:
Former food web is broken and is comprised by driveing, fishing for, put in a suitable place to breed the predation of large-scale predacious fish, reduces storage and the ratio of original small-sized, ominivore-fish.The stirring of avoid excessively stirring die bed, stirring water type fish causes the muddiness of water quality and not free settling, water transparency is low, illumination needed for plant is inadequate, suppresses the growth of plant even dead, can cause submerged plant and the sick harmful levels of pathogens of fish and larva in dissipation water body and bed mud.
Driveing fish to adopt the mode of throwing in chlorinated lime to drive cleaning to former fish system, concrete consumption 15 ~ 20g/m
3.
Fishing for fish: fishing style has multiple, mainly uses gill net, trap, cage, lifts the fishing style such as net, trawlnet.
Dissipation harmful levels of pathogens and larva: throw in the medicament such as chlorinated lime or potassium permanganate and dissipation is carried out to pathogenic bacterium, water snout moth's larva ovum and larva, lobster adult and ovum in water body and bed mud, spearhead is disturbed, China disturbs etc., in case submerged vegetation is subject to lobster, water snout moth's larva destroys and disappears, cause the floating a large amount of disconnected leaf of lake surface.Prevent fish from suffering hemorrhagic disease, gill rot, fish molds etc.
The structure of higher plant: rely on the plant absorbing bed mud and the life of water Middle nutrition, its can for fish, microorganism, raw biology provide hide place, organic nutrition, to water body delivering oxygen.
The plantation of submerged plant: planting patterns adopts cuttage, and planting range is more than 70% of region, waters, to ensure that submerged vegetation function meets the demand of water nutrition control, prerequisite is that the external source pollutions such as sewage are effectively controlled.Kinds of planting select adapt to native environment be easy to growth, the kind as far as possible making the four seasons change is planted.Such as: the kinds such as eel grass, p.malaianus, hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton maackianu, comb tooth Herba potamogetonis distincti and watermifoil will be selected to carry out intersection plantation in Sichuan.
The structure of zoobenthos: the defect that compensate for float regulation and control to a certain extent, adds stability and the regulating effect of system.And the filter food effect of bivalves can be accelerated Nutrient cycle, promotes suspended substance flocculating settling, effectively reduces the suspended matters such as planktonic algae, be improved water transparency in zoobenthos.In zoobenthos, the periphyton tectum of plant surface is removed in the food effect of herding of snail effectively, reduce plant illumination restriction and with the harmful effect such as the nutritive salt competition of epiphytic algae, facilitate the growth of waterplant.For indivedual fish provide ovum condition, the zoobenthos young and small individual can provide bait for juvenile fish.Put the zoobenthos such as hydriopsis cumingii, spiral shell and freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed, the standard of putting in a suitable place to breed is: hydriopsis cumingii selects length to be 5 ~ 10cm, 1 ~ 2 year age, breeding density: 1/m
2; Spiral shell selects length to be 1 ~ 2cm, and breeding density is 2/m
2; Freshwater shrimp selects length to be 2 ~ 4cm, and breeding density is every two square metres and puts a tail freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed.
The structure of fish system: fish refer to putting in a suitable place to breed of filter-feeding fish and predacious fish, filter-feeding fish is mainly food with plankton, and the plankton that can reduce in water increases water transparency.The quantity acting as control wild fishes of predacious fish, avoids too much wild fishes to stir in water, causes water body muddy.Predacious fish juvenile fish base Yellow catfish effectively can control water snout moth's larva ovum and larva, spearhead is disturbed, China disturbs, mosquitos and flies larva etc., effectively can destroy water body periphery mosquitos and flies reproductive process.Filter-feeding fish selects silver carp, bighead, duckbilled sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt etc. usually, and predacious fish selects mandarin fish, catfish, snakehead, Yellow catfish, perch, erythroculter ilishaeformis etc.Breeding density is: every mu, bighead 6 tail, silver carp: 20 every mu, tails, mandarin fish: 10 tails/mu, snakeheaded fish: 15 every mu, tails, Yellow catfish, 15 every mu, tails.Juvenile fish is put in newly-built lake in a suitable place to breed, specification is at 10g-50g/ tail, the transformation of old lake must put juvenile fish or adult fish in a suitable place to breed, and (the wild fishes growth time in old lake is longer, and not necessarily cleaned out when the original fish of cleaning, therefore need to put the quantity that adult predacious fish controls original wild fishes in a suitable place to breed, and the worry feeding fish of juvenile fish, juvenile fish or adult fish is selected) according to lake situation, specification at 100g-500g/ tail, other specifications: other Fishs grow up in predacious fish body long 1/2.
The maintenance and management of food chain: the management of submerged plant, the maintenance of water quality, and the management and utilization of fish system and zoobenthos system, the process of emergency situation.
The management of submerged plant: tell submerged plant management refer to that the strand of submerged plant is pulled out, reseeds, pruned.According to surviving rate and the upgrowth situation of the submerged plant of plantation, this kind is reseeded or changed.If submerged plant growing way is better emerged, water surface impact is attractive in appearance, available reaping hook, and scissors (processing snathe voluntarily) is pruned for 20cm place under water, has pruned to use and has drawn in the net the weeds that the removing water surface leaves over.If stand density is too little, then can reseed, what density too greatly can be appropriate pulls out, and the method for pulling out is that strand is pulled out and harrowed and drags for.
The management and utilization of fish system: the fishing for of fish, the putting in a suitable place to breed of fish.Fishing style has multiple, mainly uses gill net, trap, cage, lifts the fishing style such as net, trawlnet.Management main purpose reaches filter-feeding fish accounting <15%, predacious fish accounting >55%, ominivore-fish accounting <20% for adjusting fish mechanism.In ominivore-fish, carp and herbivorous fishes control below every mu of 1 tail.Fish structure should be comprehensive, comprises demersal fish, mesopelagic fish, pelagic fish, predacious fish containing large-scale, small-sized, pursue and attack type, ambuscade type, mild, violent type etc.
One is by visual inspection, if water body occurs part muddiness and enters without sewage, fall-out sediment effect of settling is not good, then consider that the demersal fish in lake are more, and the muddiness that bed mud causes lake water is stirred in the activity of demersal fish.Two is that the density of surveying fish confirms, measuring method adopts two of 40*1.5m to refer to, each a slice of three finger sticky nets.If the Shuo Liang≤0.25 tail/m2 of the wild fishes after certain hour in sticky net, then can carry out fishing for or select to throw in predacious fish.
The maintenance of zoobenthos system: the benefit of zoobenthos is put, be harmful to catching of zoobenthos.There is a large amount of disconnected leaf (this disconnected leaf non-artificial pruning in surface, lake, disconnected leaf with dentation), then likely having brought the ovum to the disadvantageous Fushou spiral shell of system, radish spiral shell, lobster, crab or individuality into when planting pasture and water, also may be herbivorous fishes.Can take cage mode, confirming and catching is lobster or crab, and the catfish putting 500g-1000g/ tail in a suitable place to breed assists cage can well control lobster and crab quantity.By observing water float, plant leaf surface, lakebed, the above plant of the water surface or cliff, the factors such as radish spiral shell and Fushou spiral shell can be determined, than if any the frangible radish spiral shell of shell in leaf surfaces or travelling, more than the water surface have the oval ovum heap of pink colour etc. of attachment.The selectivity grazing behavior of black carp can be utilized to put in a suitable place to breed and to control radish spiral shell and Fushou spiral shell.Coordinate artificial salvaging large-scale mode that is individual and manually removing worm's ovum simultaneously.
In this specification sheets, each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment, identical similar portion cross-reference between each embodiment.
Spoken of in this manual " embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " embodiment ", etc., refer to the specific features, structure or the feature that describe in conjunction with this embodiment and be included at least one embodiment of the application's generality description.Multiple place occurs that statement of the same race is not necessarily refer to same embodiment in the description.Furthermore, when describing specific features, structure or a feature in conjunction with any embodiment, what advocate is also fall within the scope of the invention to realize this feature, structure or feature in conjunction with other embodiments.
Although with reference to multiple explanatory embodiment of the present invention, invention has been described here, but, should be appreciated that, those skilled in the art can design a lot of other amendment and embodiment, these amendments and embodiment will drop within spirit disclosed in the present application and spirit.More particularly, in the scope of and claim open in the application, multiple modification and improvement can be carried out to the building block of subject combination layout and/or layout.Except the modification of carrying out building block and/or layout is with except improvement, to those skilled in the art, other purposes also will be obvious.
Claims (10)
1. a food chain method for reconstructing for Lake Water ecological management, is characterized in that it comprises:
By driveing, fishing for, put in a suitable place to breed the predation of large-scale predacious fish, reduce storage and the ratio of original small-sized, ominivore-fish;
Submerged plant and the sick harmful levels of pathogens of fish and larva can be caused in dissipation water body and bed mud.
2. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, is characterized in that adopting the mode of throwing in chlorinated lime to drive former fish system or clear up.
3. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 2, is characterized in that the consumption of described chlorinated lime is 15 ~ 20g/m
3.
4. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterized in that throwing in that chlorinated lime or potassium permanganate are disturbed pathogenic bacterium in water body and bed mud, water snout moth's larva ovum and larva, lobster adult and ovum, spearhead, China disturbs and carries out dissipation, for prevent submerged vegetation be subject to lobster, water snout moth's larva destruction and disappear; And a large amount of disconnected leaf that cleaning lake surface is floating, suffer hemorrhagic disease, gill rot, fish molds for preventing fish.
5. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when external source pollution is effectively controlled, plantation is for absorbing bed mud and the mesotrophic submerged plant of water, the planting patterns of described submerged plant adopts cuttage, and planting range is more than 70% of region, waters.
6. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, is characterized in that it also comprises the structure of zoobenthos.
7. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 6, it is characterized in that the structure of described zoobenthos comprises and put hydriopsis cumingii, spiral shell and freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed, the standard of putting in a suitable place to breed is: hydriopsis cumingii selects length to be 5 ~ 10cm, 1 ~ 2 year age, breeding density: 1/m
2; Spiral shell selects length to be 1 ~ 2cm, and breeding density is 2/m
2; Freshwater shrimp selects length to be 2 ~ 4cm, and breeding density is every two square metres and puts a tail in a suitable place to breed.
8. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it also comprises the structure of fish system, it comprises putting in a suitable place to breed of filter-feeding fish and predacious fish, filter-feeding fish selects silver carp, bighead, duckbilled sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, and predacious fish selects mandarin fish, catfish, snakehead, Yellow catfish, perch, erythroculter ilishaeformis;
Breeding density is: every mu, bighead 6 tail; Silver carp: 20 every mu, tails; Mandarin fish: 10 tails/mu; Snakeheaded fish: 15 every mu, tails; Yellow catfish: 15 every mu, tails; Juvenile fish is put in newly-built lake in a suitable place to breed, and specification is at 10g-50g/ tail; The transformation of old lake must put juvenile fish or adult fish in a suitable place to breed, and specification is at 100g-500g/ tail; Other specifications: other Fishs are grown up in 1/2 of predacious fish body length.
9. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it also comprises the maintenance and management of food chain, the maintenance and management of described food chain comprises the management of submerged plant, the maintenance of water quality and the management and utilization of fish system and zoobenthos system, the process of emergency situation.
10. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 9, is characterized in that the described management to submerged plant comprises: pull out the strand of submerged plant, reseed, prune; Or according to the surviving rate of submerged plant of plantation and upgrowth situation, this kind is reseeded or changed; If submerged plant growing way is better emerged, water surface impact is attractive in appearance, prunes for 20cm place under water, has pruned to use and has drawn in the net the weeds that the removing water surface leaves over; If stand density is too little, then reseed, if density is too large, appropriate pulls out;
The management and utilization of described fish system comprises: the fishing for of fish, the putting in a suitable place to breed of fish, and adjustment fish structure makes filter-feeding fish accounting be less than 15%, predacious fish accounting is greater than 55%, and ominivore-fish accounting is less than 20%; In ominivore-fish, carp and herbivorous fishes control below every mu of 1 tail; Fish structure comprises demersal fish, mesopelagic fish, pelagic fish, predacious fish containing large-scale, small-sized, pursue and attack type, ambuscade type, mild, violent type;
The management and utilization of described zoobenthos system comprises puts and is harmful to catching of zoobenthos to the benefit of zoobenthos;
If a large amount of unartificial disconnected leaf appears in surface, lake, when being judged as that lobster or crab cause, take cage mode to catch lobster or crab, and the catfish putting 500g-1000g/ tail in a suitable place to breed assist earthworm, for controlling the quantity of lobster or crab;
If by observing water float, plant leaf surface, lakebed, the above plant of the water surface or cliff, be defined as the factors such as radish spiral shell and Fushou spiral shell, there iing radish spiral shell in leaf surfaces or travelling, and when more than the water surface having the oval ovum of attachment pink colour to pile, then put black carp in a suitable place to breed, utilize the selectivity grazing behavior of black carp to control the quantity of radish spiral shell, Fushou spiral shell, and coordinate artificial salvaging large-scale mode that is individual or manually removing worm's ovum.
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