CN105254015B - The food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management - Google Patents
The food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management Download PDFInfo
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- CN105254015B CN105254015B CN201510627580.1A CN201510627580A CN105254015B CN 105254015 B CN105254015 B CN 105254015B CN 201510627580 A CN201510627580 A CN 201510627580A CN 105254015 B CN105254015 B CN 105254015B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management, broken using former food web, rational pyramid energy transfer mode is set up in the maintenance management of the structure of new food net, food web；Preyed on by driveing, fishing for, putting in a suitable place to breed large-scale predacious fish, reduce original small-sized, ominivore-fish storage and ratio.Avoid it is excessive stir die bed, the agitation of stirring water type fish causes the muddy of water quality and not free settling, water transparency is low, not enough, the growth for suppressing plant is even dead, and submerged plant and the sick harmful levels of pathogens of fish and larva are can result in dissipation water body and bed mud for illumination needed for plant.The present invention, which has, stablizes lasting effect, aids in submerged plant system constructing, lake recovery capacity of self-regulation has beautified environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of environmental management, and in particular to a kind of food chain reconstruction side of Lake Water ecological management
Method.
Background technology
With the development of society, the living standard of people is improved constantly, most of landscape lakes are located at densely populated place,
The pollution stress being subject to is larger.And most of lake is once all as the important place of aquaculture, more based on four large Chinese carps,
Therefore to ensure high yield, predacious fish receives strict control.When people require more and more higher to living standard, it is degrading
Water environment situation is received to denounce extensively, and then the country puts into effect policy and bans river,lake and reservior net cage, forbids fertilising to breed fish more, with
And combine with Ecology civilization construction, water environment treatment with protection, promote people put day support with implementation clear water engineering combined
Get up, it is prominent solve net cage fertilising breed fish polluted water the problem of, accelerate to repair, rebuild river,lake and reservior waters Ecology construction step
Cut down, carry out water pollution improvement and water resource protection work comprehensively.
At present, unilaterally ban river,lake and reservior fish culture in net pen, forbid fertilising to breed fish, promote people to put day and support, it is impossible to from basic
It is upper to solve the problem of unreasonable structure is brought, thus must implement by food web rebuild premised on clear water engineering.
The content of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided a kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management, use
In the technical problem for fundamentally solving water pollution improvement and water resource protection.
In view of the above mentioned problem of prior art, according to one side disclosed by the invention, the present invention uses following technology
Scheme：
A kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management, it includes：
I) preyed on by driveing, fishing for, putting in a suitable place to breed large-scale predacious fish, reduce original small-sized, ominivore-fish storage
And ratio；
II) submerged plant and the sick harmful levels of pathogens of fish and larva are can result in dissipation water body and bed mud.
In order to which the present invention is better achieved, further technical scheme is：
According to one embodiment of the invention, former fish system is carried out by the way of bleaching powder is delivered to drive clearly
Reason.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the consumption of the bleaching powder is 15~20g/m3。
According to another embodiment of the invention, the medicament such as bleaching powder or potassium permanganate is delivered to being caused in water body and bed mud
Germ, water snout moth's larva ovum and larva, lobster adult and ovum, spearhead are disturbed, China disturbs carry out dissipation, for preventing submerged vegetation by dragon
Shrimp, the destruction of water snout moth's larva disappear, and a large amount of disconnected leaves of lake surface floating and fish are by hemorrhage, gill rot, saprolegniasis.
According to another embodiment of the invention, in the case where external source pollution is effectively controlled, plant for inhaling
Bed mud and the mesotrophic submerged plant of water are received, the planting patterns of the submerged plant uses cuttage, and planting range is waters
More than the 70% of region.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it also includes the structure of zoobenthos.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the zoobenthos includes putting hydriopsis cumingii, spiral shell and freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed, puts
Foster standard is：Hydriopsis cumingii is 5~10cm, 1~2 year age, breeding density from length：1/m2；Spiral shell is 1 from length
~2cm, breeding density is 2/m2；Freshwater shrimp is 2~4cm from length, and breeding density is every two square metres and puts a tail in a suitable place to breed.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it also includes the structure of fish system, it include filter-feeding fish with
And predacious fish is put in a suitable place to breed, filter-feeding fish selects silver carp, bighead, duckbilled sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, and predacious fish selects mandarin fish
Fish, catfish, snakehead, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, perch, erythroculter ilishaeformis；Breeding density is：Every mu of the tail of bighead 6；Silver carp：20 every mu of tails；Mandarin fish：
10 tails/mu；Snakeheaded fish：15 every mu of tails；Pelteobagrus fulvidraco：15 every mu of tails；Juvenile fish is put in newly-built lake in a suitable place to breed, and specification is in 10g-50g/ tails；It is old
Lake transformation must put juvenile fish in a suitable place to breed to adult fish, and specification is in 100g-500g/ tails；Other specifications：Other Fish length are more than carnivorous fish
The 1/2 of class body length.
According to another embodiment of the invention, it also includes the maintenance and management of food chain, the dimension of the food chain
Shield includes to the management of submerged plant, the maintenance of water quality and the management of fish system and zoobenthos system and dimension with management
Shield, the processing of emergency.
The present invention can also be：
According to another embodiment of the invention, the management to submerged plant includes：The strand of submerged plant is pulled out,
Reseed, trim；Or according to the survival rate and upgrowth situation of the submerged plant of plantation, the kind is reseeded or changed；If
Submerged plant growing way preferably emerge the water surface influence it is attractive in appearance, trimmed for 20cm under water at, trimming complete using draws in the net removing
The weeds that the water surface is left；If stand density is too small, reseed, it is appropriate if density is too big to pull out；
The management of the fish system includes with maintenance：The fishing for of fish, fish are put in a suitable place to breed, and adjustment fish structure reaches filter
Feeding fish accounting<15%th, predacious fish accounting>55%, ominivore-fish accounting<20%.In ominivore-fish carp with
Herbivorous fishes are controlled below every mu of 1 tail；Fish structure includes demersal fishes, midwater fishes, epipelagic fish, predacious fish
Containing it is large-scale, small-sized, pursue and attack type, ambuscade type, mild, violent type；
The management of the zoobenthos system is with safeguarding the capture for including the benefit of zoobenthos being put and is harmful to zoobenthos；
If a large amount of non-artificial disconnected leaves occurs in lake surface, cage mode is taken, it is lobster or crab to confirm and capture, and is put
The catfish auxiliary cage of 500g-1000g/ tails is supported, control lobster and crab quantity is can be very good；
If by observing water float, plant leaf surface, lakebed, water surface above plant or cliff, being defined as radish spiral shell
With the factor such as Pomacea canaliculata, there is the frangible radish spiral shell of shell in leaf surfaces or travelling, more than the water surface there is the oval ovum of pink colour of attachment
In the case of heap, control radish spiral shell and Pomacea canaliculata are put in a suitable place to breed using the selective grazing behavior of black carp, while coordinating artificial salvaging large-scale
Individual and the artificial mode for removing worm's ovum.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effects of the present invention are：
A kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management of the present invention, is repaiied using free of contamination clear water type Ecology
Multiple engineering mode improves body eutrophication level, is broken using former food web, the structure of new food net, the maintenance pipe of food web
Reason sets up rational pyramid energy transfer mode, with lasting effect is stablized, facilitates the structure of submerged plant system,
The ability of lake self-recovery regulation is improved, has beautified environment and with preferable ecological education meaning.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to this.
A kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management, broken using former food web, the structure of new food net, food
Rational pyramid energy transfer mode is set up in the maintenance management of thing net.Its feature：Stable dauer effect, aids in submerged plant
System constructing, lake recovery capacity of self-regulation is beautified the environment and ecological education meaning.Specifically：
Former food web is broken including being preyed on by driveing, fishing for, putting in a suitable place to breed large-scale predacious fish, reduces original small-sized, miscellaneous
The storage and ratio of feeding fish.Avoid it is excessive stir die bed, the agitation of stirring water type fish causes the muddy of water quality and not free settling,
Water transparency is low, and not enough, the growth for suppressing plant is even dead, can be led in dissipation water body and bed mud for the illumination needed for plant
Cause submerged plant and the sick harmful levels of pathogens of fish and larva.
Fish are driven can drive cleaning by the way of bleaching powder is delivered to the progress of former fish system, and specific consumption 15~
20g/m3。
Fish are fished for：Fishing style has a variety of, is mainly fished for using gill net, trap, cage, lift net, trawlnet etc.
Mode.
Dissipation harmful levels of pathogens and larva：The medicament such as bleaching powder or potassium permanganate is delivered to pathogenic bacteria, water in water body and bed mud
Snout moth's larva ovum and larva, lobster adult and ovum, spearhead are disturbed, China disturbs etc. carries out dissipation, is destroyed to prevent submerged vegetation by lobster, water snout moth's larva
Disappear, cause lake surface floating largely disconnected leaf.Prevent fish by hemorrhage, gill rot, saprolegniasis etc..
The structure of higher plant：By the plant that nutrition is lived in bed mud and water is absorbed, it can be fish, micro- life
Thing, raw biological provide hide place, organic matter nutrition, convey oxygen to water body.
The plantation of submerged plant：Planting patterns uses cuttage, and planting range is more than the 70% of waters region, to ensure
Submerged vegetation function meets the demand of water nutrition control, on condition that the pollution of the external source such as sewage is effectively controlled.Plant and plant
Class is easy to growth from adaptation native environment, causes that the four seasons kind of replacing is planted as far as possible.Such as：It will be selected in Sichuan
Intersection plantation is carried out with kinds such as eel grass, p.malaianus, hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton maackianu, comb tooth bog pondweed and watermifoils.
The structure of zoobenthos：The defect of float regulation and control is compensate for a certain extent, adds the stability of system
And regulating effect.And the filter food effect of bivalves can accelerate Nutrient Cycle, promote suspension flocculating setting, have in zoobenthos
The suspended materials such as the reduction planktonic algae of effect, raising water transparency.The food effect of herding of snail is effectively removed in zoobenthos
The epizoite coating of plant surface, reduces the illumination limitation of plant and its harmful with the nutritive salt competition of epiphytic algae etc.
Influence, promotes the growth of water plant.Ovum condition is provided for indivedual fish, the zoobenthos young and small individual can be
Juvenile fish provides bait.Put the zoobenthos such as hydriopsis cumingii, spiral shell and freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed, the standard of putting in a suitable place to breed is：Hydriopsis cumingii selects length
For 5~10cm, 1~2 year age, breeding density：1/m2；Spiral shell is 1~2cm from length, and breeding density is 2/m2；It is blue or green
Shrimp is 2~4cm from length, and breeding density is every two square metres and puts a tail freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed.
The structure of fish system：Fish refer to putting in a suitable place to breed for filter-feeding fish and predacious fish, and filter-feeding fish is main
Using plankton as food, the plankton increase water transparency in water can be reduced.Predacious fish act as control
The quantity of wild fishes, it is to avoid excessive wild fishes is stirred in water, causes water body muddy.Predacious fish juvenile fish base Pelteobagrus fulvidraco can
Effectively to control that water snout moth's larva ovum and larva, spearhead are disturbed, China disturbs, mosquitos and flies larva etc., can effectively destroy the mosquitos and flies breeding of water body periphery
Process.Filter-feeding fish is generally from silver carp, bighead, duckbilled sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt etc., and predacious fish selects mandarin fish, catfish, crow
Murrel, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, perch, erythroculter ilishaeformis etc..Breeding density is：Every mu of the tail of bighead 6, silver carp：20 every mu of tails, mandarin fish：10 tails/mu,
Snakeheaded fish：15 every mu of tails, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, 15 every mu of tails.Juvenile fish is put in newly-built lake in a suitable place to breed, and specification is in 10g-50g/ tails, old lake transformation
Juvenile fish or adult fish must be put in a suitable place to breed, and (the wild fishes growth time in old lake is longer, and differs when original fish are cleared up
It is fixed to be cleaned out, therefore the quantity that the predacious fish of adult controls original wild fishes need to be put in a suitable place to breed, and the worry of juvenile fish is eaten
Property fish, juvenile fish or adult fish are selected according to lake situation), specification is in 100g-500g/ tails, other specifications：Other Fishs are grown up
In the 1/2 of predacious fish body length.
The maintenance and management of food chain：The management of submerged plant, the maintenance of water quality, and fish system and zoobenthos system
The management and maintenance of system, the processing of emergency.
The management of submerged plant：The management of told submerged plant refers to that the strand of submerged plant is pulled out, reseeds, trimmed.According to kind
The survival rate and upgrowth situation of the submerged plant of plant, are reseeded or are changed to the kind.If submerged plant growing way preferably emits
Water outlet face rings attractive in appearance, and reaping hook, and scissors (voluntarily processing snathe) can be used to have been trimmed for being trimmed at 20cm under water
Into using drawing in the net to remove the weeds left of the water surface.If stand density is too small, it can reseed, density can be pulled out greatly very much in right amount, be pulled out
The method fallen is pulled out and harrowed for strand and drags for.
The management and maintenance of fish system：The fishing for of fish, fish are put in a suitable place to breed.Fishing style has a variety of, main to use thorn
The fishing styles such as net, trap, cage, lift net, trawlnet.Management main purpose reaches that filter-feeding fish is accounted for for adjustment fish mechanism
Than<15%th, predacious fish accounting>55%, ominivore-fish accounting<20%.Carp and herbivorous fishes in ominivore-fish
Control is below every mu of 1 tail.Fish structure should be comprehensive, and comprising demersal fishes, midwater fishes, epipelagic fish, predacious fish contains
It is large-scale, small-sized, pursue and attack type, ambuscade type, mild, violent type etc..
One is to observe by the naked eye, if water body part muddiness occurs and is discharged into without sewage, fall-out sediment effect of settling is not good,
Then consider that the demersal fishes in lake are more, the activity agitation bed mud of demersal fishes causes the muddiness of lake water.Two be actual measurement fish
Density confirmed, measuring method using 40*1.5m two refer to, three refer to sticky nets it is each a piece of.If after certain time in sticky net
Shuo Liang≤0.25 tail/m2 of wild fishes, then can be fished for or be selected to deliver predacious fish.
The maintenance of zoobenthos system：The benefit of zoobenthos is put, the capture of harmful zoobenthos.Lake surface occurs a large amount of
Disconnected leaf (this disconnected leaf and non-artificial trimming, the disconnected leaf with dentation), it is likely that brought into when planting pasture and water to system not
Pomacea canaliculata, radish spiral shell, lobster, the ovum or individual of crab of profit, it is also possible to herbivorous fishes.Cage mode can be taken, is confirmed
And it is lobster or crab to capture, the catfish auxiliary cage for putting 500g-1000g/ tails in a suitable place to breed can be very good control lobster and crab number
Amount.By observing water float, plant leaf surface, lakebed, water surface above plant or cliff, it may be determined that radish spiral shell and good fortune
The factors such as longevity spiral shell, than, in leaf surfaces or travelling, more than the water surface there is the oval ovum heap of pink colour of attachment if any the frangible radish spiral shell of shell
Deng.Control radish spiral shell and Pomacea canaliculata can be put in a suitable place to breed using the selective grazing behavior of black carp.Coordinate artificial salvaging large-scale individual simultaneously
And the artificial mode for removing worm's ovum.
The embodiment of each in this specification is described by the way of progressive, what each embodiment was stressed be with it is other
Identical similar portion cross-reference between the difference of embodiment, each embodiment.
" one embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " embodiment " for being spoken of in this manual, etc., refer to knot
Specific features, structure or the feature for closing embodiment description are included at least one embodiment of the application generality description
In.It is not necessarily to refer to same embodiment that statement of the same race, which occur, in multiple places in the description.Appoint furthermore, it is understood that combining
When one embodiment describes a specific features, structure or feature, what is advocated is this to realize with reference to other embodiment
Feature, structure or feature are also fallen within the scope of the present invention.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for multiple explanatory embodiments of the invention, however, it is to be understood that
Those skilled in the art can be designed that a lot of other modification and embodiment, and these modifications and embodiment will fall in this Shen
Please be within disclosed spirit and spirit.More specifically, can be to master in the range of disclosure and claim
The building block and/or layout for inscribing composite configuration carry out a variety of variations and modifications.Except what is carried out to building block and/or layout
Outside variations and modifications, to those skilled in the art, other purposes also will be apparent.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management, it is characterised in that it includes：
Preyed on by driveing, fishing for or putting in a suitable place to breed large-scale predacious fish, reduce original small-sized, ominivore-fish storage and ratio
Example；
Submerged plant and the sick harmful levels of pathogens of fish and larva are can result in dissipation water body and bed mud；
Also include the maintenance and management of food chain, the maintenance and management of the food chain includes the management to submerged plant, water quality
Maintenance and fish system and zoobenthos system management and maintenance, the processing of emergency；
The management to submerged plant includes：The strand of submerged plant is pulled out, reseed, trimmed；Or according to the submerged plant of plantation
Survival rate and upgrowth situation, the kind is reseeded or changed；If submerged plant growing way is preferably emerged, water surface influence is beautiful
See, trimmed at 20cm under water, trimming, which completes to use, draws in the net to remove the weeds that the water surface is left；If stand density is too small,
Then reseed, it is appropriate if density is too big to pull out；
The management of the fish system includes with maintenance：The fishing for of fish, fish are put in a suitable place to breed, and adjustment fish structure makes filter-feeder fish
Class accounting is less than 15%, predacious fish accounting and is more than 55%, and ominivore-fish accounting is less than 20%；Carp in ominivore-fish
With herbivorous fishes control below every mu of 1 tail；Fish structure includes demersal fishes, midwater fishes and epipelagic fish, carnivorous
Fish containing it is large-scale, small-sized, pursue and attack type, ambuscade type, mild and violent type；
The management of the zoobenthos system is with safeguarding the capture for including the benefit of zoobenthos being put and is harmful to zoobenthos；
If a large amount of non-artificial disconnected leaves occurs in lake surface, in the case of being judged as caused by lobster or crab, cage mode is taken
Lobster or crab are captured, and puts the catfish auxiliary cage of 500g-1000g/ tails, the quantity for controlling lobster or crab in a suitable place to breed；
If by the observation to water float, plant leaf surface, lakebed, water surface above plant or cliff, being defined as radish spiral shell and Fu Shou
The factor of spiral shell, is having radish spiral shell in leaf surfaces or travelling, and in the case of more than the water surface having the oval ovum heap of attachment pink colour,
Then put black carp in a suitable place to breed, control the quantity of radish spiral shell and Pomacea canaliculata using the selective grazing behavior of black carp, and coordinate artificial salvage greatly
Type individual or the artificial mode for removing worm's ovum.
2. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterised in that floated using delivering
The mode of white powder is driven or cleared up to former fish system.
3. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the bleaching powder
Consumption be 15~20g/m3。
4. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterised in that deliver bleaching powder
Or potassium permanganate is to pathogenic bacteria, water snout moth's larva ovum and larva, lobster adult and ovum, spearhead are disturbed, China disturbs and disappeared in water body and bed mud
Kill, for prevent submerged vegetation by lobster, the destruction of water snout moth's larva and disappear；And the largely disconnected leaf of cleaning lake surface floating, it is used for
Prevent fish by hemorrhage, gill rot, saprolegniasis.
5. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in external source pollution
In the case of being effectively controlled, plant for absorbing bed mud and the mesotrophic submerged plant of water, the kind of the submerged plant
Plant mode uses cuttage, and planting range is more than the 70% of waters region.
6. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it also includes bottom
Dwell the structure of animal.
7. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 6, it is characterised in that dwell at the bottom
The structure of thing includes putting hydriopsis cumingii, spiral shell and freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed, and the standard of putting in a suitable place to breed is：Hydriopsis cumingii is 5~10cm, age from length
1~2 year, breeding density：1/m2；Spiral shell is 1~2cm from length, and breeding density is 2/m2；Freshwater shrimp from length be 2~
4cm, breeding density is every two square metres and puts a tail in a suitable place to breed.
8. the food chain method for reconstructing of Lake Water ecological management according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it also includes fish
The structure of class system, it includes putting in a suitable place to breed for filter-feeding fish and predacious fish, and filter-feeding fish selects silver carp, bighead, duck
Mouth sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, predacious fish select mandarin fish, catfish, snakehead, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, perch, erythroculter ilishaeformis；
Breeding density is：Every mu of the tail of bighead 6；Silver carp：20 every mu of tails；Mandarin fish：10 tails/mu；Snakeheaded fish：15 every mu of tails；Pelteobagrus fulvidraco：15
Every mu of tail；Juvenile fish is put in newly-built lake in a suitable place to breed, and specification is in 10g-50g/ tails；Old lake transformation must put juvenile fish or adult fish in a suitable place to breed, and specification exists
100g-500g/ tails；Other specifications：Other Fish length are more than the 1/2 of predacious fish body length.
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| CN107381827B (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2021-02-23 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Spirogyra and attached algae control method based on water quality maintenance |
| CN108901789B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2020-11-24 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Method for breeding ornamental fishes after restoration of landscape water body ecological system |
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