CN101622973A - Soilless Nereid breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of clamworm soilless culture method, utilizes cement pond as the clamworm breeding pond, seawater is filtered with 300 mesh sieve silk bags after dark sedimentation and secondary sand filtration, and chooses Gracilaria as the habitat environment of clamworm, After the breeding pond and Gracilaria are sterilized, spread Gracilaria evenly on the bottom of the pond, add filtered seawater, and put young clamworms with a body length of 2-3cm at a density of 1500-2000/m ² . Monocellular algae and artificial compound feed, fish mince, change the water every day and clean the culture pond regularly, control the light in the range of 400-1000Lux, and increase the number of Gracilaria as the clamworm grows, and the clamworm passes through 8-10 Monthly breeding, the yield can reach 5-7kg/m ² when harvested, which is 40% higher than the traditional breeding method. The method uses Gracilaria to replace silt as the habitat of clamworms, which is easy to clean and reduces a lot of manpower, fully improves the breeding environment, reduces the occurrence of diseases, is beneficial to the growth of clamworms and increases the breeding density, and Gracilaria can also be used as Merchandise for sale.

Description

Soilless cultivation method of clamworm

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical fields of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, in particular to a soilless culture method for clam worms.

Background technique

The clam worm (Perinereis aibuhitensis Gnlbe) belongs to the annelid phylum, Polychaeta, Nereidida, Neteididae, Neteidinae, rich in protein, eicosapentaenoic acid , the economic value is extremely high. First of all, the meat is fat and big, which is a superior bait, known as "universal bait", and it is also a good variety for export and earning foreign exchange, with a price of about 10,000 US dollars per ton; secondly, it is a high-quality fresh bait for fish, shrimps and crabs, etc. Or as an additive and attractant for aquatic bait, it can save bait in shrimp ponds, clarify water quality, and reduce shrimp diseases; third, it inhabits estuaries, and its larvae and adults can be used as good biological indicators for detecting water pollution . There are abundant tidal flat resources along the coast of my country, and there is great potential for clamworm breeding.

At present, the cultivation of clamworm is mainly concentrated in Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang along the coast, and there are no reports of cultivation in Guangdong and Guangxi in the south. It mainly adopts the following breeding methods for clamworm breeding: one is extensive tidal flat breeding, and the high and low tide tidal flats with high mud content and high tide level with plant distribution are selected for breeding. The characteristics of this breeding method are: the cost is very low Low, low breeding technology requirements, simple management, unstable output, and economic benefits are up and down. The second is semi-artificial breeding and breeding in tidal flats. A certain area of low ponds is surrounded on the breeding tidal flats as a natural breeding ground for clam worms. During the breeding season, fertilize and water first, and then put different clam worm bodies into it to obtain some seedlings. It is only a small cost more than the extensive farming method, but it can receive several times or even dozens of times the effect. It is the most ideal method for tidal flat clamworm breeding at present. The third is extensive pond culture, which uses shallow, old ponds or wasteland ponds that are not suitable for fish and shrimp farming, and undergoes nereist culture management such as clearing ponds, plowing, fertilizing water, releasing seedlings, and feeding bait; or mixed with fish and shrimp. It can improve the geological environment of fish and shrimp ponds, thereby reducing the incidence of fish and shrimp, and can also provide high-nutrition natural bait for fish and shrimp. The characteristics of this farming method are: relatively large investment, high requirements for farming technology, and belong High-density intensive breeding, high yield, remarkable economic and ecological benefits. The fourth is industrialized artificial breeding, using cement ponds for cultivating fish, shrimp, crabs, and shellfish, artificially raising seedlings in cement ponds that are not covered with sand, and then throwing sand to start breeding when the larvae are fast attached. The characteristics of this breeding method are : The input is large, and the output is also large, all of which are cultivated under artificial control.

In the above clamworm breeding, no matter in the extensive tidal flat culture, semi-artificial tidal flat culture, extensive pond culture or factory artificial culture, the habitat provided to clam worms is sand, and the residual bait they eat, daily life, etc. The metabolites of the species are all buried in the sand, and it is difficult to clean, which makes the breeding environment easily polluted and causes the occurrence of diseases.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art that the metabolites in clamworm culture are all buried in the sand, making cleaning difficult, causing the breeding environment to be easily polluted and causing diseases, and to provide a method using large seaweed—— A soilless breeding method for clamworms in which the clams replace silt as the living environment of clamworms.

For realizing the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is that this lugworm soilless cultivation method is as follows:

(1) Aquaculture facilities and water for aquaculture

The bottom area of the cement pond for cultivating clamworms is about 30-40m ² , the depth of the pond is 1.2m, and there are drainage holes at the bottom. The bottom area of the algae cultivation pond is 10m ² and the depth is 1.2m. ² Placement, the seawater temperature in the pool is 18℃～30℃, pH7.8～8.6, salinity 24～30, after dark precipitation and secondary sand filtration, the specific treatment path is as follows: seawater → dark precipitation → primary sand filtration → secondary Sand filter → 300 mesh sieve silk bag → culture pond or algae culture pond;

(2) Selection of Gracilaria

Select Gracilaria that grows in relatively high seawater salinity, remove the nereid pests attached to Gracilaria, clean it and set aside;

(3) Stocking of clamworm seedlings

Thoroughly disinfect the cleaned culture pond and Gracilaria, spread Gracilaria on the bottom of the culture pond, the number of laying is 4-5 kg/m ² , add sand-filtered seawater to a depth of 30cm, and then put in 2-3cm in length , that is, young clamworms with more than 11 ganglia, the density is 1500-2000/m ² ;

(4) Daily management

Feed once a day at 8:30, 15:00, and 21:00. The first two feeds are mainly single-celled algae, and the feeding amount is 50,000-70,000 cells/mL. The minced fish crushed by the mixer, and then fed with artificial compound feed and minced fish, the amount of feeding depends on the feeding situation of the clamworm; change the water every morning, and then add water to the original height; drain every 4 to 5 days Thoroughly clean the breeding pond with water to wash off the dirt attached to Gracilaria. During the cultivation process, the light intensity should be kept between 400-1000Lux. With the growth of clamworms, the number of Gracilaria will increase to 7-8 kg/ m ² .

Cultivate unicellular algae in the algae culture tank, add _water to a depth of 80cm, sterilize the seawater with strong chlorine and pour it _into the _{tank .} After ~5 days, the young clam worms can be put in a suitable place after the Monocellular algae grows up.

Described unicellular algae is flat algae, isochrysis zhanjiang and cloud tail algae;

The artificial compound bait is shrimp chips and BP powder.

The soilless cultivation method of clamworm of the present invention is based on the living habits of clamworm, because the habitat environment of the traditional culture method cannot be cleaned and is easily polluted, causing diseases. — Gracilaria replaces sediment, which can optimize the breeding environment of clam worms. Because Gracilaria, as the habitat of clamworms, is not only easy to clean and improve the environment, but also has many branches, and there is enough space for clamworms to inhabit. At the same time, Gracilaria can use the excrement of clamworms as their own nutrient purification. environment, promote the growth of Gracilaria and increase the output of Gracilaria, and Gracilaria can be sold as a commodity to improve economic benefits. This invention technology can improve the habitat environment of clam worms to the greatest extent, reduce the occurrence of pollution and diseases, thereby improving the survival rate and growth speed of clam worms, and increasing the output. The output of traditional clam worms cultured in cement ponds is generally 3 ～4.5kg/m ² , and the output of this invention reaches 5～7kg/m ² ; at the same time, it can reduce the number of times of cleaning the sand layer, save a lot of manpower and reduce labor intensity.

specific implementation

The soilless cultivation method of clamworm of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1. The cement pond with a bottom area of 30-40m ² and a depth of 1.2m (that is, the cultivation pond for cultivating abalone or shrimp seedlings) for clamworm breeding ponds. If the cement pond is too deep, it is inconvenient to operate, and press 1 The number of air stones/5-6m ² is laid and the breeding pond is cleaned. Selection of Gracilaria: There are currently two types of Gracilaria: one is cultured artificially in ponds, and the other is grown in natural sea areas. The salinity of seawater in which Gracilaria is cultivated artificially in ponds is relatively low, while the salinity of seawater required for cultivating clamworms is Higher, the Gracilaria that grows in the low-salinity environment moves to the high-salinity seawater, and it is easy to cause the death of the Gracilaria due to the sudden change of the environment. Therefore, Gracilaria, which grows in higher salinity, should be selected as the habitat of clamworm. At the same time, there are many small shellfish, ciliates and other organisms attached to the Gracilaria, which are the enemies of the clamworm, and must be completely removed. Clean the Gracilaria for later use.

2. Feed the algae used as bait for clamworms. The bottom area of the cultivation pond is about 10m ² and the depth is 1.2m. Place 6 loose air stones, add water to a depth of 80cm, sterilize the seawater with strong chlorine essence and pour it into the pond. The temperature of the seawater is 18℃. ~30°C, pH7.8~8.6, salinity 24~30, after dark precipitation and secondary sand filtration, the specific treatment path is as follows: seawater → dark precipitation → primary sand filtration → secondary sand filtration → 300-mesh sieve silk bag →Algae cultivation pool.

The nutrient salt formula for cultivating unicellular algae is NaNO ₃ 50ppm, KH ₂ PO ₄ 5ppm, FeCl ₃ 0.5ppm, and then connect algae species (types include flat algae, Zhanjiang dinoflagellates and cloud tail algae) for 4 to 5 days After the Monocellular algae grows up, the young clamworms can be stocked.

3. Clean the breeding pond with bleaching powder, thoroughly disinfect the Gracilaria with formaldehyde, and spread the Gracilaria on the bottom of the breeding pond. The amount of Gracilaria laid at the beginning is about 4 to 5 kg/m ² (dry weight) and added through the sand filter. The seawater is 30cm deep, the water temperature of the cultured seawater is 18℃～30℃, the pH is 7.8～8.6, and the salinity is 24～30. After dark precipitation and secondary sand filtration, the specific treatment path is as follows: seawater → dark precipitation → primary sand filtration → Secondary sand filter → 300 mesh sieve silk bag → breeding pond. Afterwards, young lugworms with a body length of 2 to 3 cm (that is, more than 11 knots) are put in at a density of 1,500 to 2,000/m ² .

4. For daily management, feed once a day at 8:30, 15:00, and 21:00. The first two feeds are mainly unicellular algae, and the feeding amount is 50,000-70,000 cells/mL. Artificial compound feed (shrimp chips and BP powder) or minced fish crushed by a mixer, the feeding amount depends on the size and food intake of the clamworm. Then feed the artificial compound feed and minced fish, because the Monocellular algae is a live bait, the feeding amount can be more, and the artificial compound feed and minced fish are likely to cause water quality deterioration, and the amount of feeding depends on the feeding situation of the clamworm. Change the water once a day around 8:00 am, and add water to the original height; drain the water every 4 to 5 days and thoroughly clean the culture pond to wash away the dirt attached to the Gracilaria. Because the growth of Gracilaria requires a certain amount of light, the light intensity should be kept between 400 and 1000 Lux during the breeding process. At the same time, as the nereis grows, the activity space it needs gradually increases, and the number of Gracilaria also needs to increase continuously, reaching 8-10 kg/m ² in the final stage of breeding. The clam worm can be harvested after 8-10 months of cultivation, and the output can reach 5-7kg/m ² , which is 40% higher than that of the traditional breeding method.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of soilless Nereid breeding method is characterized in that step by the following method:

(1) breeding facility and breeding water

Culture the about 30～40m of cement pit floor space of clam worm ², the dark 1.2m in pond, bottom have osculum, algae culture pond floor space 10m ², dark 1.2m, and at the bottom of each pond, press 1 gas stone/5～6m ²Lay, 18 ℃～30 ℃ of pond maritime interior waters water temperatures, pH7.8～8.6, salinity 24～30, through obscure shallow lake, the husky filter of secondary, it is as follows specifically to handle the path: husky → 300 mesh sieve thin,tough silk bag → breed pond or the algae culture ponds of filtering of the husky filter → secondary of seawater → obscure shallow lake → one-level;

(2) selection of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts

Selection is grown in the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts in the higher seawater salinity, removes the clam worm harmful organisms that is attached to above the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, and it is standby to clean up the back;

(3) the clam worm seedling is put in a suitable place to breed

Breed pond that has cleaned up and fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts thorough disinfection, lay fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts at the bottom of culturing the pond, lay quantity is 4～5 jin/m ², the seawater 30cm that adds the process sand filtration is dark, throws in the long 2～3cm of body afterwards, promptly 11 has just saved above young clam worm, and density is 1500～2000/m ²

(4) daily management

Every day 8:30, each bait throwing in of 15:00,21:00 once, preceding secondary is based on the unit cell algae, feeding volume be 50000～70000 cell/mL. days, the double simultaneously fish meat emulsion of throwing some artifical compound feeds or smashing through agitator, then once throw something and feed artifical compound feed, fish meat emulsion, feeding volume is decided according to the situation of ingesting of clam worm; Every morning is changed water once, adds water then to original height; Drained water in per 4～5 days and thoroughly clean the breed pond, rinse out the foul that is attached on the fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts, intensity of illumination should remain between 400～1000Lux in breeding process, and along with the growth of clam worm, the quantity of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts is increased to 7～8 jin/m ²

2, according to the described soilless Nereid breeding method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: cultivate the unit cell algae in the algae culture pond, it is dark to add water 80cm, and with injecting in the pond behind the strong chlorine oil sterilization seawater, its nutritive salt prescription is NaNO ₃50ppm, KH ₂PO ₄5ppm, FeCl ₃0.5ppm, connect the algae kind afterwards, treated just can put young clam worm in a suitable place to breed after unit cell algae length is got up in 4～5 days.

3, according to claim 1 or 2 described soilless Nereid breeding methods, it is characterized in that: described unit cell algae is flat algae, Zhanjiang Isochrysis galbana and cloud tail algae;

4, according to the described soilless Nereid breeding method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Articial bait making is prawn slice and BP powder.