CN1404727A - Method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali marshland - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a carbonate type heavy saline swamp fish-breeding method, which includes: excavating open water channel on the heavy saline swamp, putting up fishpond, reasonable applying fertilizer, improving water quality, at the same time injecting water and discharging water at the right moment, reasonable breeding fishes, and effectively controlling animal plankton proliferation and mass growth of trisetose gold alga, ensuring ecological environment for normal growth of fishes and providing mass bait. Said invention can reduce pH value of heavy saline swamp, and its salt content and alkalinity, which can meet the growth condition of fishes.

Description

Method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali marshland

Technical field

The invention belongs to the fish culture in the agrotechnique, is a kind of method of cultured fishes in the bubble natural pond, relates in particular in carbonate type severe bubble natural pond Mesichthyes cultural technique.

Background technology

Saline and alkaline bubble natural pond is one of main type of saline land resource.Contain salt component by soil, can be divided into chloride type, sulfate type and carbonate type; By salt content, can be divided into slight, moderate and heavy salinized bubble natural pond again.The slightly a small amount of at present and saline and alkaline bubble of moderate natural pond has been developed and has been breeded fish, and especially heavy salinized bubble natural pond, most of saline and alkaline bubble natural pond utilizes as yet.Heavy salinized bubble natural pond water quality PH is more than 8.82, and salt content surpasses 5.7 grams per liters, total alkalinity also 12 mMs/liter more than, fish can not the self-sow breeding under this condition of water quality.To heavy salinized bubble natural pond, take corresponding technical measures, make water quality satisfy fish growth procreation condition, cultured fishes therein.Because it is saline and alkaline bubble natural pond only is confined to indivedual areas under natural environment, therefore also rare in the literature to the cultural technique in saline and alkaline bubble natural pond.

(CN121212.0A) patent application that the Chinese patent communique disclosed on March 31st, 1999 a kind of " alkali lake bubble semilate rice fish livestock and poultry grass comprehensive cultural technique ", the feature of this patent application is to introduce high-quality fresh water at the alkali lake bubble, the pH value of water quality is reduced to below 7.5, diversion irrigation lakeshore kind rice again, rice bar and rice chaff are raised livestock and poultry, utilize prolific humidogene and water plants on the water surface of rice field, culture the fish fowl poultry kind.

Summary of the invention

Characteristics such as the present invention is directed to carbonate type heavy salinized bubble natural pond salinity height, basicity is big, water quality is complicated and changeable in conjunction with the change of water quality rule in the process of breeding fish, provide a kind of in carbonate type heavy salinized bubble natural pond Mesichthyes cultural method.

The present invention comprises six key technologies, and existing division is as follows.

1, builds the fish pond natural bubble natural pond is transformed, be transformed into the fish pond that is fit to the fish life, mainly comprise following several respects.1. remove the fragmentary tower head that distributes, float upturned soil and boundling weeds, make the interior pasture and water district of bubble area account for the 65%-75% of the bubble end gross area; 2. carry the dam building than the lowland shed repair of lake, and offer water filling port and discharge outlet at the highest and lowest part, the shunting at a distance of respectively establishing the gate regulation and control more than the 200-300 rice, to grasp the water level and the flow direction, is convenient to arrange salt water and is drawn fresh water as far as possible, sets up trash rack and fish screen simultaneously; 8. root out all de-luxe compartments in the bubble, make each little dwell surface continuous,, improve the ecological environment to widen the water surface of breeding fish; 4. 50-80 centimetre of fish hole generally dug in the open fire district down in the bubble, and the water level depth of breeding fish is everlasting about 1.0-1.2 rice.Pasture and water density larger part go out clearly 2-3 rice wide and with dark open fire ditches such as open fire district, fish can in time be swum out of thick grass when both helping draining, prevent stranded dead fish, can strengthen the ventilated performance in the careless pool again, improve the ecological environment, and are suitable for fish to perch and look for food; 5. at the internal side of dyke or dam of bubble end physical features lower side, excavate a wide 15-20 rice, dark about 1.0 meters annular ditch concentrates on fish in the ditch by draining during fishing, catches with long the drawing in the net for a short time of 20-30 rice again, and its area accounts for about the 5-8% of the bubble end gross area.Above-mentioned measure has small investment, instant effect, saving of labor, laborsaving, characteristics that efficient is high, profitable, both has been fit to the concrete environmental quality of the moist many water of marshland, is convenient to construction and operation again.

2, the rational application of fertilizer, improvement water quality.Saline and alkaline bubble natural pond soil depletion, the fish production poor-performing, plankton quantity is few, natural resources shortage, water quality is thin; Salinity height (more than 4 grams per liters), basicity big (10 mMs/liter more than), the water body productivity is lower, and fish growth is slow, even jeopardizes its existence.Therefore, exploitation is breeded fish and must be taked measures of fertilizer to improve, and with propagation floatability natural bait resource, improves fish growth and habitat.In the test after the annual spring break to putting fish preceding about 10 days, execute the fertilizer 2-3 ton/hectare of fermentation maturity; May, June and day in September are executed the 35-40 mg/litre.Its method is: the organic manure of fermentation maturity is converted water, and to stir evenly back concentration be the 500-600 grams per liter, and full bubble is splashed.July and August high temperature season execute fertilizer weekly one time, quantity reduces 1/2, begins to impose chemical fertilizer simultaneously.The chemical fertilizer application method is: water temperature was executed urea 4-6 mg/litre, ammonium sulfate 3-10 mg/litre and superphosphate 3-5 mg/litre one time in every 5-7 days at 20-24 ℃, and the moon is executed 5-6 time; Water temperature was executed 1 time at 25-30 ℃ in per about 10 days, and the moon is executed 3-4 time.Principle to fertilize is on a small quantity repeatedly.The allocation proportion of annual fertilizer consumption is to account for 65%-75% in the past July, and high temperature season accounts for 5%-10%, accounts for 15%-20% autumn.In addition, set fire spring and burn bubble end vegetation, to increasing soil fertility, improving the content of organic matter and fish production performance in the water layer, effect is more remarkable.

3, water filling in good time, draining.For preventing the secondary salinization of soil of lake inside and surrounding soil thereof, rise when catching annual autumn, former lake water all is discharged into away from the waste grassy marshland of the bubble of breeding fish or the bubble depression, natural pond of laying idle, and before freezing, fill it up with fresh water, fresh water is taken from lake, storehouse, water in a canal or underground water, to prevent that doing the underground water infiltration of bubble back stockpiles and cause the saline and alkaline rising, the seasonal accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil occurs, the harm fish when causing breed fish next year.Before putting fish next year the water that injects winter in the first year is drained, change fresh waterflood then in order to putting fish, place with good conditionsi is preferably washed 1-2 time earlier, further improves the effect of breeding fish.During the breed, per about the 15 days higher water of bubble bottom saline and alkaline of draining, drainage discharge 60%-70% fills it up with new water then.Annotate in per about 10 days of May, June and September 1 time new water 10-15 centimetre, carried out 3-4 time in every month; Annotate weekly in July and August 1 time new water 5-8 centimetre, month annotate 4-5 time.To guarantee that the interior water level of bubble is higher than near the water accumulation level in other saline and alkaline bubble natural pond (untapped utilization) all the time, helps pressing alkali to fall salt, improvement water quality.The principle of water filling is that spring and autumn is suitable shallow, and high temperature will be expired rainy season.

4, control zooplankton propagation.The zooplankton biomass is an important feature of the saline and alkaline bubble of carbonate type natural pond fish-culture water quality environment usually greater than phytoplankton.Especially frequent notes, draining during culture in sandy saline-alkali soil bubble natural pond, or new water is concentrated when increasing in a large number in cloudy weather for several days running sky bubble, comparatively favourable to the growth of macrozooplanktons such as cladocera, copepoda, and unfavorable to phytoplankton blooms.The zooplankton phytoplankton that ingests has in a large number been destroyed the water ecology balance in addition, even heavy dressing water quality also is difficult for changeing fertile.By test, increase bighead, reduce the stocking rate of silver carp, can control zooplankton quantity effectively.The ratio of stocking of general bighead and silver carp is 2～3: 1, and both weight ratios reach 2～3: 1, and its net production ratio is 3～4: 1, accelerates the growth rate of bighead, has suppressed a large amount of breedings of zooplankton.This employing biological means is controlled a large amount of breedings of zooplankton in the saline and alkaline bubble natural pond, both eliminated the biological oxygen consumption factor of water body, be aided with measures of fertilizer again and cultivate the biological enhancementoxygen function that phytoplankton can be brought into play water body, it is fertile to reach water body, help improveing the ecotope of breeding water body, avoid using chemicals (conventional method of control zooplankton is to use crystal chlorophos), reduce environmental pollution.

5, control Prymnesium parvum Carter.Prymnesium parvum Carter is breed fish a common algae in the water body of the saline and alkaline bubble of carbonate type natural pond, and be grown in salt content is in the brackish water water body of 2-12 grams per liter more, particularly falls heavy rain after the drought and breeds very easily in a large number.Contain a kind of ichtyhotoxisin in the metabolite of this algae, fish are poisoned to death.Utilize this algal grown slowly, the relatively poor biology characteristics of interspecies competition power, on fertilizing method, change on a small quantity repeatedly fertilising into by disposable heavy dressing of past, make the fertilizer utilization that is decomposed quickly, constantly replenish the source of manure, increase organic matter, improve water body fertilizer degree, promoted various phytoplanktons, especially conceal a large amount of propagation of Flagellataes such as algae, little latent algae, red born of the same parents algae, two flagellate, chlamydomonas, green shuttle algae, thereby suppressed a large amount of breedings and the growth of Prymnesium parvum Carter.Adopt fertilization method to prevent this algae, fundamentally eliminated the harm of algae, effect is remarkable, has improved saline and alkaline bubble natural pond water quality again simultaneously, kills two birds with one stone.

6, reasonable stocked carp.Because saline and alkaline bubble natural pond fish cultural technique is architectonical not as yet, particularly carbonate type heavy salinized bubble natural pond fish cultural technique still belongs to blank, therefore, develops this type of natural saline and alkaline bubble natural pond and breeds fish still with rare that to put thin the receipts be principle.Putting kind and the quantity of fish in a suitable place to breed mainly decides according to natural bait resource situation in the bubble.Bigger in the pasture and water coverage rate, the more rich bubble of zoobenthos resource natural ponds such as submerged plant such as water caltrop, eel grass, poly-grass, hydrilla verticillata, hornwort and oligochaetes, snail are the main body fish with carp, grass carp generally, arrange in pairs or groups silver carp, flathead, crucian and megalobrama amblycephala.The ratio of stocking is: carp accounts for 55～60%, and grass carp accounts for 10～15%, silver carp 5～8%, flathead 13-22%, crucian 1-3%, megalobrama amblycephala 2-5%.Specification is carp 45-55 gram/tail, grass carp 80-120 gram/tail, silver carp and flathead 50-60 gram/tail, crucian 20-25 gram/tail, megalobrama amblycephala 25-30 gram/tail.Per hectare stocking rate 30-60 kg/ha (750-1500 tail/hectare).Whether the above-mentioned structure of putting in a suitable place to breed should (wait as natural bait abundance, supplementary feeding) as the case may be at any time and adjust.

The present invention adopts and build the fish pond on heavy salinized bubble natural pond, to the fish pond rational application of fertilizer, improvement water quality, water filling in good time simultaneously, draining, reasonable stocked carp, control the technical measures such as raised growth of zooplankton propagation and Prymnesium parvum Carter on this basis, reduce heavy salinized bubble natural pond water and soil pH value, salt content and basicity, make heavy salinized bubble natural pond form the environment that is easy to fish growth, and by changing the ecological balance, provide to fish to help the bait of growing in a large number, make the marketable fish net production reach 192.7～283.3 kg/ha, economic input-output ratio is 1.5821～3.3619.

Embodiment

Embodiment: 1990-1995, western Daan City fork is done scientific and technological demonstration area, town in Jilin Province, Chinese song-Nen plain innerland, has carried out the carbonate type heavy salinized bubble natural pond development experiments of breeding fish.Develop 29 in transformation bubble natural pond altogether according to abovementioned technology, single bubble area is 5-70hm ², accumulative total test area 563hm ²Test bubble natural pond soil salt content 6.3-12.7 gram/kilogram, pH value 8.7-10.2; Water quality salt content 4.7-6.9 grams per liter, pH value 9.2-9.9, total alkalinity 7.37-13.82 mM/liter, belong to carbonate type heavy salinized bubble natural pond.1991-1995, marketable fish net production 192.7-283.3 kg/ha, average 231.6 kg/ha; Economic input-output ratio is 1.5821-3.3619, and is average 2.7466, and following table is the breed actual achievement of 285 hectares of bubble natural pond nineteen ninety-fives flatly.

Put in a suitable place to breed	Rise and catch
		Fish specification weight amount ratio (gram/tail) (kg/ha) (tail/hectare) (%)	Specification part by weight individuality increases (%) heavy multiple of (gram/tail) (kg/ha)
Carp 52 17.3 333 68 grass carps 134 2.9 21 11 silver carps 63 1.1 17 4 bigheads 60 2.6 44 10 crucians 20 1.8 90 7 add up to 25.7 505 100	????492???????240.6??????71????8.7 ????968???????79.2???????8?????7.1 ????183???????25.8???????4?????7.3 ????824???????70.1???????11????11.2 ????113???????17.0???????6?????6.4 ??????????????432.7??????100???8.7

Claims (3)

1, a kind of method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali marshland is characterized in that building the fish pond, is included in the lower and repaiies dykes and dams, sets up shunting water filling port and discharge outlet, digs Yu Keng under the open fire district, and the pasture and water district goes out the open fire ditch clearly, bubble lower, end excavation fish gathering ditch; The rational application of fertilizer, improvement water quality is put the preceding 10 days left and right sides of fish organic fertilizer 2-3 ton/hectare, later on interval organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer at regular intervals; Water filling in good time, draining are filled it up with fresh water before freezing, and put before the fish its discharge, and the bubble bottom high salinity water of draining every 13-18 days during the breed is filled it up with new water then, and once new water 5-15 centimetre of filling in every 7-10 days per month carried out 3-5 time in every month; Control zooplankton propagation increases bighead, reduces the silver carp stocking rate; The control Prymnesium parvum Carter adopts repeatedly fertilization method, disposable heavy dressing method is changed on a small quantity repeatedly implemented, and successively replenishes the source of manure; Determine to put in a suitable place to breed kind and quantity according to the natural bait resource situation, rationally stocked carp.

2, method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali marshland according to claim 1 is characterized in that building the fish pond and also comprises and weeding a garden, and makes the 65-75% that pasture and water district area accounts for the bubble end gross area in the bubble, roots out interior all de-luxe compartments of bubble, widens the water surface; May, June and day in September organic fertilizer 35-40 mg/litre, July, August, organic fertilizer was once weekly, quantity reduces to 50%, 7, August, water temperature was at 20 ℃-24 ℃, executed urea 4-5 mg/litre, ammonium sulfate 8-10 mg/litre and process calcium phosphate 3-4 mg/litre in every 5-7 days one time, the moon is executed 5-6 time, and water temperature is at 25 ℃-30 ℃, per 10 days left and right sides Shi Yici, the moon is executed 3-4 time; The stocking rate of bighead and silver carp is than being 2-3: 1, and net production is than being 3-4: 1; In submerged plant and all more bubble natural pond of zoobenthos, with carp, grass carp is the main body fish, collocation silver carp, flathead, crucian and megalobrama amblycephala, ratio is that carp accounts for 55-60%, and grass carp accounts for 10-15%, and silver carp accounts for 5-8%, bighead accounts for 13-22%, crucian accounts for 1-3%, and megalobrama amblycephala 2-5%, stocking rate are the 30-60 kg/ha.

3, method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali marshland according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the water filling port of dykes and dams and discharge outlet are at a distance of 200-300 rice, fish pond, open fire district is 50-80 centimetre deeply, the depth of water 1.0-1.2 rice of being everlasting, the open fire ditch is at pasture and water density larger part, and is wide at 2-3 rice, the fish gathering ditch is at the internal side of dyke or dam of bubble end physical features lower side, wide 15-20 rice, dark 1.0 meters, area accounts for the 5-8% of the bubble end gross area; The allocation proportion of annual fertilizer consumption is to account for 68%-75% July in the past, high temperature season accounts for 5%-10%, accounts for 15%-20% autumn, annotate in per 10 days of May, June and September 1 time new water 10-15 centimetre, carried out 3-4 time in every month, annotate weekly in July and August 1 time new water 5-8 centimetre.