CN1404726A - Method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond - Google Patents
Method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN1404726A CN1404726A CN01138856A CN01138856A CN1404726A CN 1404726 A CN1404726 A CN 1404726A CN 01138856 A CN01138856 A CN 01138856A CN 01138856 A CN01138856 A CN 01138856A CN 1404726 A CN1404726 A CN 1404726A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The present invention to a carbonate type heavy saline reed bank fish-breeding method, it mainly includes the following technical measures: curving up and blocking, excavating circular channel and open water channel to put up fishpond, selectively breeding fish, applying organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to desalinating saline water quality, regulating water amount, reasonable application of fertilizer, burning the grass on waste land and ploughing, grass-cutting and light-permeating to improve ecological environment of reed bank. It not only can obtain high-quality reed, but also can obtain various commercial fishes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fish culture in the agrotechnique, be a kind of in carbonate type heavy salinized reed pond fish-cultivating method.
Background technology
China's saline and alkaline regional reed pond resource is very abundant, and only the saline alkali reed pond in area, Northeast China just has more than 380,000 hectare, and carbonate type heavy salinized reed pond is concentrated and is distributed in loose distant flat area, about 17.3 ten thousand hectares of area.These resources can be developed and breed fish, but only the utilization of partly breeding fish have been carried out in slight and the saline and alkaline reed pond of moderate at present, and all kinds of heavy salinized reed ponds are not then still had the measure that well utilizes.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the transformation by carbonate type heavy salinized natural reed pond, make saline and alkaline water quality desalination, technical measures such as the science regulation and control water yield and improvement reed pond ecotope, build the good life condition of fish, select stocked carp, purpose provides a kind of method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond.
The present invention mainly comprises following key technology.
1, builds the fish pond.Select the reed pond of single-block area 2-5 hectare,, also be divided into some, so that operational administrative in this ratio if concentrate big reed pond in flakes.Excavate the circular groove that 5-8 rice is wide, 0.8-1.0 rice is dark around in the reed pond, the fill of being unearthed.It is wide as wave eliminating band to reserve 5-10 rice between dam foundation inboard and the circular groove outer rim, and stormy waves was damaged dykes and dams and run fish when anti-sealing was big.Inside, reed pond is along the rarer relatively place of reed excavation open fire ditch, wide 1.2-1.5 rice, dark 0.5-0.8 rice, and communicate with circular groove, layout is " ten " font or " well " font.If water inlet 1 place, the water source mostly is water in a canal, river or underground water, and discharge outlet 1-2 place is advanced, the strict shunting of discharge outlet, is convenient to arrange buck and draws fresh water.Improved reed pond open fire face generally accounts for 20-30%, and reed grass coverage rate reduces to 70-80%.
2, reasonable stocked carp.Based on rare fish stocking pattern of supporting thin receipts, increasing economic efficiency.Have the more food resource characteristics of heavy water forage plant, zoobenthos and organic debris according to natural reed pond, the fish stocking pattern is the main body fish with grass carp, carp generally, raises together with silver carp, bighead, megalobrama amblycephala, bream and crucian.The ratio of stocking is: grass carp accounts for 40-50%, carp 20-25%, megalobrama amblycephala and bream 2-5%, silver carp 1-2%, bighead 3-5%, crucian 4-6%.The fingerling specification is: grass carp 80-120 gram/tail, carp 40-50 gram/tail, crucian 15-20 gram/tail, megalobrama amblycephala 25-30 gram/tail, silver carp, bighead 50-75 gram/tail.Total stocking rate 30-120 kg/ha, 750-2700 tail/hectare, and according to the bait situation with catch specification and adjust at any time.In addition, also can suitably increase predacious fishes such as putting catfish or snakehead, to make full use of the dead fish of abundant small fish resource and part, sick fish.According to reed pond natural bait aboundresources, produce viscid egg fish natural propagation condition characteristics preferably, can put some sexually matured carp and crucians in a suitable place to breed, allow it accrue, increasing both production and income.
3, the desalination of saline and alkaline water quality.The water quality desalination is the key problem that the exploitation of carbonate type heavy salinized reed pond is breeded fish, and also is the important measures that improve fish, reed output.Particularly those low-lying nmoncontributing area reed pond saline and alkalines are higher, water quality is complicated and changeable, wayward and regulate, summer is short of rain as arid, the evaporation of pool water, seepage, and water body concentrates, salinity can be elevated to 6.5 ‰, basicity reach 14 mMs/liter, pH value increases to more than 9.0, has a strong impact on even jeopardizes the normal vital movement of fish.Test shows, takes water filling and the method that fertilising combines, and can fully reduce saline and alkaline, and desalination water quality is more feasible technical measures.During culturing, executed the fertilizer 1.2-1.5 ton/hectare of 1 fermentation maturity every 10-15 days, the moon is executed 2-3 time.After each fertilising, when water colour begins in time to annotate new water 5-10 centimetre when bluish-green or grass green transform.Summer high temperature season when water temperature during at 20-28 ℃, imposed chemical fertilizer such as 1 sulphoxylic acid ammonium, diammonium phosphate and urea every 7-10 days, and consumption is the 20-30 mg/litre.After each spraying fertilizer water quality is changeed fertilizer, in time annotate new water 5-10 centimetre,, prevent bad change to regulate water quality.
4, the science regulation and control water yield.The water quantity management of breeding fish in the reed pond mainly is to utilize in the reed growth and development process to need the difference of time to regulate and control to moisture, and general principle is that the fish reed is taken into account, and realizes bumper harvests.Need the biological property of water according to the seasonality of reed " spring wet water autumn in summer do ", " shallow-dark-shallow " of taking " full autumn in shallow summer in spring is shallow " in the test be irrigation method intermittently.Be controlled at about 3-5 centimetre to the equal degree of depth of early June pool face level after putting fish, late June to early July deepens gradually to about 20-30 centimetre.This district is that pasture and water sprout the busy season June, and reed is on the occasion of the bud phase, and the water yield generally keeps getting final product about 3 centimetres, is beneficial to water and soil and heats, and vernalization is kept a full stand of seedings, and promotes food organisms propagation.Mid-July to early September is reed exhibition leaf and booting stage, and water requirement increases to the peak gradually, and the pool face depth of water should be steady in a long-term about 30-40 centimetre, makes fish that sufficient activity be arranged and the space of looking for food.For preventing the reed pond water body salification accumulation of salt in the surface soil, changed water 1 time in about 15 days therebetween, method be first draining to 3-5 centimetre of the pool face depth of water, mend full then.Reed enters heading and maturing stage after mid-September, and water requirement reduces, and the reed pond begins to remove water, and this moment, water temperature also descended gradually, fish growth slowly even stop growing, but the draining fishing.Water discharge method: 1. artificial drainage, its speed makes fish can have the sufficient time to swim out of reed thick grass in time to be advisable water level depression 3-5 centimetre of every day, prevents stranded dead fish, causes damage; 2. stop water filling, allow it consume naturally.These two kinds of methods all can make the reed pond dry before and after October 1, and fish all focus in the open fire ditch, can rise at any time and catch; Simultaneously the reed pond is removed water and can also be realized reed pond dry field in autumn, promotes the reed maturation, improves ground temperature, helps the subterranean stem Nutrient Accumulation, for next year the reed high yield lay foundation.
5, improvement reed pond ecotope.Adopt 3 kinds of measures to improve the reed pond ecotope in the test, received better effects.1. execute organic manure and impose chemical fertilizer.Put fish preceding about 10 days, and executed the organic manure 5-6 ton/hectare of fermentation maturity; June and day in September are executed the 40-50 mg/litre, and its method is above-mentioned fertilizer to be stirred evenly the back to water splash along open fire ditch both sides Quan Tang; 7-8 month high temperature season was executed 1 time in kind every 5-7 days.The plant that reed is a need potassium, nitrogen is stronger imposed 1 sulphoxylic acid potassium 10-12 mg/litre in per about 10 days during late June to August, and the moon is executed 3-4 time.Nitrogen fertilizer applying method and quantity as previously mentioned, the principle of fertilising is on a small quantity repeatedly.Annual fertilizer consumption July is 65-75% in the past, 7-8 month 20-25%, September 10-15%.2. burn the grass on waste land and plough.Reed, the wormwood of will not gather in before thawing spring are set fire and burn, plough again after thawing or heavy duty harrow 1 time, break ground dark about 7-10 centimetre, be beneficial to improve ground temperature, the quickening face of land in early spring thaws, promotion reed bud is early sent out the vegetative propagation with rhizome, alleviate damage by disease and insect, increase soil porosity, improve soil permeability and fertility, promote effective conversion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, remarkable to improving reed pond water and soil environmental activity; 3. the printing opacity of mowing.Duration of test when the reed grass grows water surface 50-60 centimetre, all slices off reed, wormwood in 2.0 meters of the open fire ditch both sides, can increase reed pond light transmission and air capacity of soils, improves illuminance, helps increasing water temperature and dissolved oxygen.The result of above-mentioned various measure comprehensive functions, make one vegetative period water body effective breed accumulated temperature increase by 213.2 ℃ than original reed pond, dissolved oxygen increases 1.7-2.9 doubly, plankton quantity increases 5.3-10.4 doubly.These three kinds of methods can be used simultaneously, also can use respectively, perhaps in twos in conjunction with using respectively.
At soil salt content is 7.72 gram/kilograms, water body salt content 6.88 grams per liters, PH is 9.81, water body total alkalinity 13.27 mMs/liter carbonate type heavy salinized reed pond adopt the present invention, can gather in the crops marketable fish annual production 401 kg/ha, reach as high as 615 kg/ha, increased by 7.8%, 10.2%, 13.6% and 5.3% before the reed density of the reed pond of breeding fish, basic stem are thick, plant height and production ratio are breeded fish.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Scientific and technological demonstration area, the dried town of western Daan City fork is total to 58.6 hectares of nature remodeling reed ponds in Chinese Jilin Province in employing the present invention.Develop preceding reed pond soil salt content 7.72 gram/kilograms, water body salt content 6.88 grams per liters, pH value is respectively 9.81 and 9.22; Water body total alkalinity 13.27 mMs/liter, be typical carbonate type heavy salinized reed pond.Adopt aforementioned cultural technique and put structure in a suitable place to breed, 1994-1996, average annual 401 kg/ha of marketable fish output, reed output 2793 kg/ha; 12.8 hectares of demonstration reed pond marketable fish output average 615 kg/ha wherein, average 3155 kg/ha of reed output.Simultaneously, breed fish that the reed density of reed pond, basic stem are thick, plant height and the production ratio reed pond (or before breeding fish) of not breeding fish increased by 7.8%, 10.2%, 13.6% and 5.3% respectively.The harmful insect of unit are, weeds and zoobenthos quantity have then reduced 32.4%, 47.5% and 62.8% respectively.The fish culture structure sees the following form.
Having put fishing class specification weight amount scale lattice part by weight individuality in a suitable place to breed increases
(g/fish), (kg/ha), (fish/ha), (%), (g/fish), (kg/ha), (%) heavy multiple carp 15.9 300 53 69.4 203.3 710 72.8 12.4 grass carps 2.0 24 82 8.7 20.5 930 7.4 10.4 silver carps 1.4 27 52 6.2 10.9 440 3.8 7.4 bigheads 3.0 56 54 13.1 36.7 720 13.1 12.4 crucians 0.6 19 28 2.6 6.9 430 2.9 14.3 add up to 22.9 426 100 278.3 100 11.4
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond is characterized in that building the fish pond a stroke piece is cut apart in the reed pond, excavation circular groove and open fire ditch, and circular groove communicates with the open fire ditch, establishes water inlet and discharge outlet; Based on rare fish stocking pattern of supporting thin receipts, increasing economic efficiency, rationally stocked carp is the main body fish with grass carp, carp, raises together with silver carp, bighead, megalobrama amblycephala, bream and crucian; Adopt water filling and the method that fertilising combines, carry out saline and alkaline water quality desalination;---deeply---shallow intermittence, irrigation method was regulated and control the water yield with shallow shallow in full autumn in shallow summer in spring; With fertilization method, burn the grass on waste land and plough and the method for the printing opacity of mowing, also available fertilization method or burn the grass on waste land method of ploughing or mowing printing opacity method, improvement reed pond ecotope.
2, method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that dividing the reed pond into single-block area at the 2-5 hectare, excavation 5-8 rice is wide, 0.8-1.0 the circular groove that rice is dark, be unearthed and build a dam, wide 1.2-1.5 rice is excavated along a reed rarer relatively place in inside, reed pond, dark 0.5-0.8 rice open fire ditch, if water inlet 1 place, discharge outlet 1-2 place; Main body water shield fish accounts for 40-50%, and carp accounts for 20-25%, raises together with fish megalobrama amblycephala 2-5%, silver carp 1-2%, flathead 3-5%, crucian 4-6%; During the breed, executed one time fertilizer 1.2-1.5 ton/hectare every 10-15 days, fertilising back water colour begins when bluish-green or grass green conversion, annotate new water 5-10 centimetre, water temperature is in the time of 20 ℃-28 ℃, imposed one time chemical fertilizer every 7-10 days, consumption 20-30 mg/litre, water quality are changeed in time water filling 5-10 centimetre of fertile back; Put behind the fish to early June, mean depth of water 3-5 centimetre, mid-June to early July deepens gradually to 20-30 centimetre, mid-July to early September the depth of water be stabilized in 30-40 centimetre, after mid-September, begin draining gradually.
3, method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond according to claim 2, it is wide as wave eliminating band to it is characterized in that reserving 5-10 rice between dam foundation inboard and the circular groove outer rim, the strict shunting of water inlet and discharge outlet; Raise together with fish and also comprise catfish or snakehead; Draining water level depression every day is 3-5 centimetre after mid-September.
4, according to claim 2 or 3 described method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond, it is characterized in that described fertilization method is to put fish preceding about 10 days, execute the fertilizer 5-6 ton/hectare of fermentation maturity, execute June and every day in September the 40-50 mg/litre, 7, execute once every 5-7 days August, imposed potassium sulphate 10-12 mg/litre in per about 10 days of late June to August, the moon is executed 34 times, annual fertilizer ratio is 65-75% before July, 7-8 month 20-25%, September 10-15%.
5, according to claim 2 or 3 described method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond, it is characterized in that the described method of ploughing of burning the grass on waste land is before thawing spring, reed, the wormwood of not harvesting are set fire and burn, plough again after thawing or heavy duty harrow once.
6, according to claim 2 or 3 described method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond, it is characterized in that described mowing printing opacity is during culturing, when the reed grass grows water surface 50-60 centimetre, the reed wormwood in 2.0 meters of the open fire ditch both sides is all sliced off.
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| CN01138856A CN1404726A (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2001-12-18 | Method for cultivation of fish in carbonate type heavy saline-alkali reed pond |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101869082A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Crab domesticating method for river crab ecologic breeding in soda type salinized reed wetland |
| CN101869083A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-10-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for ecologically breeding river crabs in soda type salinized reed wetland |
| CN102017919A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-04-20 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Crab-mandarin fish-xenocypris composite ecological cultivation method for soda type salinization reed swamp wet land |
| CN104737945A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | 天津市引滦工程尔王庄管理处 | Method for using fishery ecology resources to purify water body of reservoir |
| CN108064774A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-05-25 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | The regulation and control method breeded fish using biogas slurry |
| CN108901941A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A method of carbonate-type salt-soda soil is improved using fish culture |
-
2001
- 2001-12-18 CN CN01138856A patent/CN1404726A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101869082A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2010-10-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Crab domesticating method for river crab ecologic breeding in soda type salinized reed wetland |
| CN101869083A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-10-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for ecologically breeding river crabs in soda type salinized reed wetland |
| CN102017919A (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2011-04-20 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Crab-mandarin fish-xenocypris composite ecological cultivation method for soda type salinization reed swamp wet land |
| CN104737945A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | 天津市引滦工程尔王庄管理处 | Method for using fishery ecology resources to purify water body of reservoir |
| CN108064774A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-05-25 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | The regulation and control method breeded fish using biogas slurry |
| CN108901941A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | A method of carbonate-type salt-soda soil is improved using fish culture |
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