CN102498886B

CN102498886B - Method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse

Info

Publication number: CN102498886B
Application number: CN 201110348122
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁志强; 李红
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-11-07
Filing date: 2011-11-07
Publication date: 2013-06-05
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-07
Also published as: CN102498886A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse, in particular to a method for hydroponic culture for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse under the condition of facility cultivation. The method comprises the following eight links: sunlight greenhouse construction, shallow pond lotus standardization pond construction, formula balanced fertilization, shallow pond lotus plant, stalk coverage and net fixing, shallow pond lotus management, hydroponic harvest, and storage and sales. The sunlight greenhouse shallow pond lotus cultivation can be appeared on the market in advance or later according to a market situation, so that not only is yield improved, but also the benefit is increased; a shallow pond is constructed for cultivating the shallow pond lotus, so that water and electricity can be saved, and the management and the harvest are favored; by using the method, stalk burning and the CO2 emission can be prevented, the resource advantage is integrated, the reutilization of agricultural wastes is promoted, the environment pollution is reduced, the labor and the effort are saved, the production and the income are increased, the harvest is favored, the yield and the quality of the shallow pond lotus are improved, and the economical and ecological benefits are obvious; and the yield of 666.67 m<2> is more than 4,800kg, so that not only is the yield high, but also the appearance in the market in advance or later is carried out according to the market situation, and the benefit is good.

Description

Method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse

Technical field

The invention belongs to the aquatic vegetable new cultivation technology of installment agriculture growth technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse.

Background technology

One of lotus rhizome is called for short lotus, and another name lotus dish, lotus lotus root etc. originate from China, and historical more than 3000 year of plantation is a kind of purposes aquatic economic crops very widely, and it not only can be edible, and is medicinal, or China's ten large famous flowers, liked by broad masses of the people.The lotus rhizome of the edible cultivation of China can be divided into two large classes: the first kind is that lotus root is with planting.Its rhizome is looser, crust white, and meat is tender and crisp, distinguishes the flavor of sweet, and output is high, and the knot lotus seeds are few; Equations of The Second Kind is that lotus use is planted, the lotus seeds of mainly gathering.Eat take lotus root with planting as main as vegetables.Nutrition: contain the several mineral materials such as much starch, protein, Cobastab, vitamin C, fat, carbohydrate and calcium, phosphorus, iron, meat fertilizer is tender, and is fair and clear round as a ball, and mouthfeel is sweet crisp, eats raw to match in excellence or beauty with pears.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks, eating lotus root raw can cool blood scattered silt, and prepared food can the bushing kidney-nourishing, has the effect of nourishing yin and nourishing blood, void that can tonifying five zang organs, strong muscles and bones, blood-supplementing blood-nourishing.Lotus rhizome can be rated as men and women, old and young's health food of summer and autumn.every 100 contained nutrient components of gram lotus rhizome are as follows: heat 70.0C, carbohydrate 16.4g, fat 0.2g, protein 1.9g, cellulose 1.2g, 3-Hydroxyretinol .0ug, vitamin C 44.0mg, vitamin E 0.73mg, carotene 20.0ug, thiamine 0.09mg, vitamin b3 0.03mg, nicotinic acid 0.3mg, magnesium 19.0mg, calcium 39.0mg, iron 1.4mg, zinc 0.23mg, copper 0.11mg, manganese 1.3mg, potassium 243.0mg, phosphorus 58.0mg, sodium 44.2mg, selenium (microgram) 0.39mg.In tubers food, the lotus rhizome iron-holder is higher, therefore rather suitable to the patient of hypoferric anemia.The sugar content of lotus rhizome is not very very high, contains again a large amount of vitamin Cs and food fiber, and it is all very useful that all have the people of disease of weakness for hepatopathy, constipation, diabetes etc.Lotus rhizome is rich in vitamin C and raw fiber, can help digest, prevent constipation, can supply with again carbohydrate and trace element that human body needs, prevents arteriosclerosis, improves blood circulation, is of value to healthy.General recommendations is the eat three times lotus rhizome weekly, and it is best that effect is eaten in dinner, and lotus rhizome is stewed soup with large white peas or beans, can improve the sleep quality after eating.The abundant nutrition of lotus rhizome makes people plant with breed of variety especially to favor.

The lotus rhizome whole body is precious, and its root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit have economic worth.Except lotus root and lotus seeds edible, pollen, lotus leaf, lotus core etc. also can be made dish or beverage and health food.In lotus root general starch-containing 10～20%, protein 1～2%, the starch in lotus seeds and protein content is respectively up to 40～50% and 19～22%, and all contains multivitamin, be good aquatic vegetable and non-staple foodstuff good merchantable brand, can eat raw, prepared food, processing canning, make preserved fruit and lotus root starch etc.Product is storage tolerance and transportation relatively, at home and abroad has a great sale on market, is the important goods of foreign exchange earning.The medicine that lotus rhizome or the traditional Chinese medical science are commonly used, rhizoma nelumbinis, lotus root, lotus core, petal, stamen, lotus leaf etc. all can be used as medicine.Lotus, because of gorgeous colourful, the graceful delicate fragrance of her flower, leaf, the important vegetable material that the Chang Zuowei water scenery is arranged in classical Chinese garden.

Lotus rhizome distributes very wide in China, aboundresources, from the northeast the earth to Hainan Island, the trace that it is arranged from the shore of Dong Hai to the Tibet plateau, the cultivation main producing region is at the Yangtze river basin and Huanghuai Area, maximum with the cultivated area that economize in Hubei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong etc., estimate at present national area under cultivation at 50～700,000 hm2, Hubei Province's area under cultivation is at 90,000 hm ²The left and right, from now on, along with the exploitation of vast region of rivers and lakes lakeshore resource, the adjustment of the structure of rural undertaking and further opening, the lotus rhizome production and selling of China will obtain new development and raising.

According to different foundations, lotus rhizome can be divided into different types: take the Main Cultivation purpose as foundation, lotus rhizome can be divided into Hua Lian, seed lotus and lotus root lotus three major types type; Be called Hua Lian to see flower as purpose; Be called the seed lotus take the lotus seed of gathering as purpose; Be called the lotus root lotus take the loose underground root-like stock of gathering as purpose, usually also referred to as lotus rhizome, lotus dish, lotus root etc.Take the suitable cultivation depth of water as foundation: be divided into two classes, a class is shallow water lotus root, refers to cultivate the suitable depth of water and be the kind of 5～50 centimetres; One class is the deep water lotus root, refers to cultivate the suitable depth of water and be the kind of 50～100 centimetres.In addition, also can according to ripe property be divided into precocious type, in ripe type, late-maturing type etc.

Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province Yicheng District (ancient claim: Yi county) has just had the custom of cultivation shallow water lotus root since Jia canal (canal, the Tai Er village-Zaozhuang, canal, Hangzhoupro, capital section) is arranged, apart from the modern history that has nearly 500 years.Cross in the Yi border of the county in You Yu Jia canal, and water resource is abundant, and just there has been the custom of plantation lotus root the two sides, canal, the village from the canal away from for the using water wisely peasant just innovation planted the custom of shallow water lotus root.Deep water lotus root, field, shallow water lotus root field in flakes, green leaf connects day, lotus shines red, croaking of a frog is heard fragrantly, has produced the famous He Xiang that enjoys fleeting fame--the ancient Shao Zhen of Yicheng District.

The inventor in 1991 leads group of people and stays the shallow water lotus root planting habit that village (the ancient Cao Shao Zhen Hu Yuancun of Zaozhuang City's Yicheng District) has recovered to shelve five, six years, has summed up some planting technologies, becomes bright spot agricultural at that time.

Zaozhuang City Yicheng District Gu Shao Town Government had implemented " the lotus root construction of base of shallow pond " project in 2006: it is the most southern that ancient Shao Zhen is located in Yicheng District, and the border is worn and mistake in Grand Canal, Hangzhoupro, capital, more than 10,000 mu of total canal beaches.Town party committee, government are according to the edge fortune beach reality that flood season, easy waterlogging was caused disaster, the plantation of development shallow pond lotus root as the in-depth structural adjustment, widen the Important Action that increases income channel and grab, according to market priming, the typical case drives, service promotes and policy pulls policy, by organizing the member of party and government, government functionary, Yan Yun village branch secretary and peasant to represent the ground visiting and learning such as mountain booth, Tengzhou and Xue Cheng, effectively excited enthusiasm and the resolution of cadres and masses to the exploitation of shallow pond lotus root.In advance take large Zaozhuang village as pilot, invest 3,000,000 yuan, 300, construction criteria lotus root pond, introduce 200,000 jin of high yield and high quality " celestial beautiful lotus No. 2, No. 3 " new varieties from Beijing aquatic products research institute, unified planning in the town, Uniting, unified construction, unified purchasing are planted and unified cultivation management, to 2000 yuan of each lotus root pond subsidies, and help peasant household to coordinate loan, pond lotus root good harvest last year, the mu income reaches more than 10,000 yuan, has obtained mainly leader's the abundant affirmation of city, district.The town has set up shallow pond lotus root plantation association in good time, has registered " fortune He Lian " board shallow pond lotus root trade mark, declaration national greening food.

2007, the ancient Shao Zhen of Zaozhuang City's Yicheng District party committee combined development shallow pond lotus root with development ecological agriculture sightseeing base, canal, and new expanding species is planted 1000 mu of areas, plans by 2010, develops 10000 mu of shallow pond lotus root areas.Engage to economize tourism planning design and research institute and rely on lotus root base, shallow pond high standard to plan " ancient fortune lotus township ecological agriculture Tourism Garden of Ecological ", and the investment of trade and investment promotion Zaozhuang Bo Rui Co., Ltd builds, put forth effort to make the southern Shandong ecological agriculture new base of going sightseeing.

the ancient fortune of ancient Shao Zhen lotus in 2008 township's ecological agriculture Tourism Garden of Ecological gross investment has reached more than 2,000 ten thousand yuan, develop more than 2000 mu of shallow pond lotus root, all plantations " celestial beautiful lotus No. 2 ", " celestial beautiful lotus No. 3 ", fine quality such as " space lotuses ", registered " canal lotus " board trade mark in State Bureau for Industrial and Commercial Administration, be chosen as " 3A " level pollution-free food by the national Ministry of Agriculture, declared again organic food the same year, for producing organic food, formulated organic lotus root standardized production technology in the town, require travelling trader (or peasant household) fully by standard production, the inaccurate agricultural chemicals that uses, chemical fertilizer, more can not use banned pesticides, in case find through " electronic eyes ", in time correct, stopping to plant the family manages in violation of rules and regulations.

At present, shallow pond lotus root becomes the important vegetables industry of Shandong Province, and there is development in various degree the whole province various places.

China's custom of the shallow pond of plantation lotus root at present is surging forward, and the shallow pond of plantation, coastal area lotus root seems particularly extensive, technology maturation because water resource is abundant.

But, adopt but have no report, the especially north cold area of greenhouse by solar heat shallow pond lotus root straw cultivation hydromining off the net method to adopt also having never heard of of the inventive method.

Main body of the present invention is the shallow pond lotus root stalk hydromining off the net cultivation method under Protected Cultivation, comprising: greenhouse by solar heat is built, the pond is built in the lotus root standardization of shallow pond, balance formula fertilising, the plantation of shallow pond lotus root, stalk cover the button net, 8 links are sold in the management of shallow pond lotus root, hydromining results, storage.

Application number is 90105594.8, the applying date is November 10 nineteen ninety, and the day for announcing is that on 05 27th, 1992, denomination of invention have been illustrated a kind of cultivation technique of lotus roots for the patent of " cultivation technique of lotus roots " and belonged to the aquatic plant cultivation method.This patent has changed lotus seed and has grown seedlings and plant the tradition cultivation value method that lotus root is planted, employing is planted with two joints or the two above main lotus root whips of joint of vertical leaf, this method has not only extended and can plant the time, and postpone and planting, improved working condition, get simultaneously kind of an amount and increase considerably, improved efficiency, labour intensity also reduces greatly, and the survival rate of planting is planted identically with kind of a lotus root again, is a kind of cost-effective method for planting that is worthy to be popularized.

Application number is 99120633.9, the applying date is on December 22nd, 1999, the day for announcing is that a kind of method of lotus rhizome virus-elimination seedlings Fast-propagation has been illustrated for the patent of " a kind of method of lotus rhizome virus-elimination seedlings Fast-propagation " on 07 05th, 2000, denomination of invention, belongs to the vegetable seedling production technical field.Be exclusively used in the Fast-propagation of lotus rhizome virus-elimination seedlings.Comprise: getting the lotus rhizome stem apex is explant, is seeded in additional: the MS of 0.01-8.0mg/l6-BA or ZRs and 0-10mg/lNAA or B ₅In medium, after cultivating 60-80d, get test-tube plantlet band joint position and carry out subculture and cultivate: 0.01-6.4mg/l6-BA, 0-8.0mg/lNAA, the MS of 30-100g/l sugar or B ₅In medium, 30-60d can form a large amount of test-tube plantlets and transfer in additional 0.01-4.0mg/l6-BA, 1.0-20.0mg/lNAA, the MS of 30-150mg/l sugar or B ₅In medium, can form a large amount of root systems after 20-50d, cultivate transplantation of seedlings field survival rate and reach more than 80%.The detoxic seedling growing way is healthy and vigorous, and detoxification efficiency is good, is fit to factorial seedling growth, but commercialization production.

The patent No. is ZL 02135607.6, the applying date to be on 09 27th, 2002, the day for announcing, to be on 04 30th, 2003, denomination of invention related to agriculture field for the patent of " culture technique of green xerophyte lotus root ", a kind of culture technique of green xerophyte lotus root particularly, adopt following steps: (1), set up antiseep lotus root pond, the mixture of the mellow soil of tiling 30～40 cm thicks and fertilizer, dregs of beans in the lotus root pond, then pour into pollution-free underground water, make the lotus root pool inner water deeply remain on 7～10 centimetres; (2), plant after grain rains, select high-quality kind lotus root, every mu of planting density lotus root field is with 5000～6000 kilograms of kind lotus roots, 2～3 meters of line-spacings; (3), at the seedling growth stage of non-irrigated lotus root and assimilation organ growing period, often remove pasture and water, time lotus root, pluck floating leaf, windproof; (4), becoming lotus root period, keep dark 10～15 centimetres of lotus root pool inner water, prevention aphid and lotus root maggot; (5), the winter management in lotus root pond, evenly replenish fertilizer, then pour water to the lotus root pool inner water dark 25～30 centimetres.The present invention has changed the growing environment of lotus rhizome in the past, overcome in its management be difficult for fertilising, wayward ground temperature water temperature, yield poorly, inferior defective, the lotus rhizome output of plantation is high, quality better.

The patent No. is ZL 02115461.9, the applying date to be on 01 24th, 2002, the day for announcing, to be on 08 06th, 2003, denomination of invention disclosed a kind of at agriculture field for the patent of " double-crop cultivation method of lotus rhizome ", particularly disclose a kind of double-crop cultivation method of lotus rhizome, mainly solved all very low deficiencies of lotus root field availability and lotus root output in existing culture technique.The key takeaway of the method is the digging opportunity that changes lotus rhizome: the coach's growing kind of lotus root is in the process of bright lotus root, when bright lotus root is expanded the shaping phase when completing, when namely coach's upper second termination leaf appearance and field lotus leaf are dark green, bright lotus root on timely digging coach, remove its apical dominance, the nutrient that on recycling lotus root water in field face, the lotus leaf of part is made promotes the side whip further to grow, and allows the side whip also can grow up to bright lotus root through after regrowth.Like this, twice results of the present invention's field planting of energy are greatly saved lotus rhizome amount and improve bright lotus root single rate, and are adapted at domestic all lotus rhizome producing region application.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse, be the shallow pond lotus root stalk hydromining off the net cultivation method under Protected Cultivation, comprise: greenhouse by solar heat is built, the pond is built in the lotus root standardization of shallow pond, balance formula fertilising, the plantation of shallow pond lotus root, stalk cover the button net, 8 links are sold in the management of shallow pond lotus root, hydromining results, storage; It is characterized in that:

(1) pond is built in shallow pond lotus root standardization:

1.1 lotus root pond addressing: be selected in sunny, wasteland, the edge of the village, waste residence, discarded pit-pond, Collapse by Mining district and the saline land, the waterlogged lowland that do not have trees to cover;

1.2 the pond is built in standardization: the dark 40cm in pond is dug in cement stripping and slicing pond, and pool wall is vertical; Pound and help the pond to dig the dark 53cm in pond, 60 ° of pool wall gradients at the hammer end;

1.2.1 build cement stripping and slicing pond: buildup depth is 30cm, every 666.67m ²With 30cm * 770 of 20cm cement strippings and slicings, 425# cement 12t, sand 60t, Φ 0.2mm Kapton, Kapton is reacted the resin solution that produces in extremely strong property solvent by pyromellitic acid anhydride and 4.4-diaminodiphenyl ether, then process through film forming, high temperature dehydration etc.; Method is first to use Φ 0.2mm Kapton or Φ 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film shop fixtures and surrounding, then uses cement, sand, and ratio: 1:4-6 mixing stirs evenly, and floor file 5～8cm, striaght cement are wiped one's face; Use is found in 30cm * 20cm cement stripping and slicing, the husky grey jointing of cement, wipes one's face, and wipes one's face with striaght cement at last;

1.2.2 the side pond is pounded at the construction hammer end; Build up the dark 60cm in pond, lime 2t need be used, cement 8t, sand 30t, 8 film more than 800 m in every 666.67m2 lotus root pond ², approximately 230 of 50cm * 70cm, thick 5cm prefabricated sections; Method is: the one, pound side lime is skimmed at the bottom of the pond at the hammer end, revolve 2～3 times with rotary plow, dark 20cm, after native ash mixes, will leveling compacting at the bottom of the pond with machinery, with 3:7 dirt with the pool wall compacting; The 2nd, plastic film mulch; Hammer is after the end pounds side, with Φ 0.2mm Kapton or Φ 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film with the pond at the bottom of, pool wall paves and completes; The 3rd, after the shop fixtures plastic film mulch, floating with the concrete that 2～5cm is thick; The 4th, vertical swash plate; (length * wide * thick=60cm * 30cm * 5cm) stand in the sidewall surrounding of pool wall wipes seam with cement with ready prefabricated cement swash plate;

(2) greenhouse by solar heat is built:

After the pond is built in the lotus root standardization of shallow pond, to carry out greenhouse by solar heat and build or first build greenhouse by solar heat, laggard column criterion is built the pond;

Different according to geographic latitude, greenhouse by solar heat is built and built equally with local winter warm type green house of vegetables, and requirement is: the pond is built in standardization, and will to be fit to that greenhouse by solar heat builds be the winter warm type big shack construction; Require front construction by the end of January complete on time, and complete the button canopy, be beneficial to improve ground temperature;

(3) balance formula fertilising:

Build and carry out the balance formula fertilising behind the pond:

3.1 balance formula fertilising index: according to breediness and the regulation of fertilizer requirement of shallow pond lotus root, carry out the balance formula fertilising; The balance formula fertilising, kg/666.67m ², N:P ₂O ₅: K ₂O: borax: zinc sulphate percentage by weight index: 15～25:8～22:15～22:0.2～0.4:0.2～0.4;

3.2 balance formula fertilizing method: first spread stalk after building the pond, with crushed stalk to 5～10cm length such as wheat straw, corn stalk, straw or weeds, puddle evenly with bacterial classification 1kg " No. 001 plant vaccine " according to every 500kg stalk, paving enters thickness 5～30cm in the pond, then cover topsoil loam 10～15cm, require P in soil H value will be controlled in 6-8, best pH value is 6.5-7, select the garden mould of river embankment mud, paddy soils, vegetable field, can not use industrial Polluted Soil; Every 666.67m again ²Use farmyard manure 5000kg, simultaneously with 666.67m ²Using potassium sulphate 50～60kg is radix, according to balance formula fertilising index, is equipped with that diammonium phosphate, urine are disorderly, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, mixes and spreads fertilizer over the fields; Little water flood irrigation after completing, the depth of water 0.5～2cm is advisable; Require on time before to complete by the end of January, be beneficial to the raising water temperature;

(4) shallow pond lotus root plantation:

When water temperature reaches 10～15 ℃, carry out the lotus root plantation of shallow pond; Generally at the early and middle ten days in February, shift to an earlier date 30～50 days than field production;

4.1 shallow pond lotus root screening varieties: select the lotus root shallow water lotus root will select lotus root and all less early-maturing variety of leaf, select the Jinan Rhizoma Saururi, E Liansi, No. five, " celestial beautiful lotus No. 2 ", " celestial beautiful lotus No. 3 ", " space lotus " kind; Plant lotus root and generally dig out before facing cultivation, choosing meets this breediness and does the lotus root kind with the whole lotus root of sub-lotus root, and sub-lotus root must to same direction growth, extend the lotus whip regularly; Note not damaging terminal bud when digging lotus root; Kind of lotus root generally the 2nd successively after 1.7cm place cut-out, must guard against with hand and break off with the fingers and thumb, cause rotten kind in case muddy water pours into the lotus root hole; After digging lotus root, standby after vexed 1 day to 50% carbendazim liquid of 400～500 times of kind of lotus root sprays, in case rot occurs;

4.2 lotus root is planted in shallow pond; The row of crying lotus root again, every 666.67m ²With 500 kilograms of left and right of lotus root, line-spacing is 150～200cm, and spacing in the rows is 60～100cm; Row's lotus root method: it is dark that seeding row spacing row lotus root in accordance with regulations, general lotus root head are imbedded in stalk 12～15cm, rear joint slightly stuck up on the water surface, improves temperature to utilize sunlight, promotes rudiment; Row lotus root mode is a lot, have towards a direction, also there are several row relatively to arrange, with leg-of-mutton, sky is arranged better between each strain, the lotus whip is evenly distributed, avoids crowded, require the first rule of surrounding row lotus root when planting in the pond, in order to avoid the lotus whip stretches out outside the ridge, saved like this operation that the lotus rhizome vigorous period turns the lotus root head;

(5) stalk covers the button net

Shallow pond lotus root plant complete after, carry out stalk and cover the button net; Stalk covers:, except maize straw, puddle evenly with bacterial classification 1kg " No. 001 plant vaccine " and wheat straw, straw, weeds stalk according to every 500kg stalk, cover thickness 3～10cm; Detain the net compacting: the nylon wire that is 3～10cm with width of mesh covers, and surrounding is wound around with wooden stick or the bamboo pole of long 100～300cm, diameter 5～10cm, is placed on the pool side compacting, does not move about as standard take stalks mulching; The depth of water is to exceed stalk 2～7cm as suitable;

Twice stalk covers, every 666.67m ²Need with 10000～15000 kg, approximately 25 mu of (666.67m ²) the crops straw amount;

(6) shallow pond lotus root management:

After stalk covered the button net, enter the shallow pond lotus root field management stage: require water temperature 15-25 ℃ in booth, temperature 15-33 ℃, air humidity RH was 50-85%.

6.1 weeding, priming leaf, defloration:

At lotus leaf Feng Hangqian not, carry out weeding in conjunction with fertilising, weeding should be carried out in the both sides of leaf roll, pulls up weeds and fills in immediately below lotus root as fertilizer sources in mud; About field planting 1 month, floating leaf is gradually withered, should pluck, and sunlight is penetrated improve water temperature in water, and when 5～6 leaves were arranged, at this moment lotus leaf was luxuriant, had sealed row, and underground morning, lotus root began to sit lotus root, and the weeding of should not going to the field again is in order to avoid the lotus root body of damaging; To adopt lotus root as the lotus root pond of purpose, the knot of blooming consumes nutrient, and having bud to occur should be tortuous with bennet, not broken, in order to avoid rainwater causes rotten by the pore intrusion; Every the two weeks left and right, fish for once with dredger, duckweed and moss are pulled out from the pond; If found in the pond that water is continuous, must prevent and treat with the method for full pool spilling head copper-bath; The consumption of copper sulphate is decided according to the depth of water, every 666.67m ²The consumption in field calculates according to the consumption of 10cm depth of water 0.5kg copper sulphate; Often pull out the weeds on the limit, pond, improve ventilation condition;

Enter by the end of May, should throw off the film of the booth in greenhouse fully, improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition;

Enter for 6～July and just enter and finish the lotus root phase: become the lotus root phase to need certain soil temperature; Become the lotus root phase: shallow water, in order to improving soil temperature, accelerate the formation of lotus root; From the knot lotus root phase, cement no longer adds water in the pond, and its natural evaporation of leaving;

6.2 topdress:

The lotus rhizome happiness is fertile, and fertilizer is generally take base manure as main, and base manure accounts for full phase fertilizing amount 70%, topdresses to account for 50% of full phase fertilizing amount; Seeding is close, the fertilising early of gathering is many; The every 666.67m of base manure ²Approximately execute the 5000kg fertilizer; Topdress and be divided into twice, the 1 time when the lotus root lotus bears 6～7 leaves and just entering vigorous period, every 666.67m ²Execute diammonium phosphate 10kg, potash fertilizer 10kg, boron fertilizer 0.1kg, zinc fertilizer 0.1kg; The 2nd when beginning, be called " urge lotus root fertile ", 666.67m inferior to the knot lotus root ²Execute tri compound 50kg; Should put shallow water before each fertilising, allow fertilizer suck in soil, and then pour water to the original degree of depth; The rear slow clear water that waters that topdresses rinses lotus leaf, as fertile not enough, can chase after Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg/666.67m ²Proportion of additional fertilizer strictly carries out according to balance formula fertilising index;

6.3 water level is regulated:

Shallow pond lotus root kept shallow water 2～5cm to the budding stage in more than 10 days after the row lotus root, with the raising soil temperature, impel germination; Along with the vigorous growth of Li Ye and branch adds profundal zone to 5～12cm gradually, until sit lotus root period; 1 month should put shallow water position 2～7cm before gathering, and promotes the knot lotus root;

6.4 prevention and elimination of disease and pests:

Shallow pond lotus root Major Diseases is rot, and the method for preventing and treating is used lime disinfection, every 666.67m before the row lotus root ²With quicklime 50～70kg, quicklime is evenly put into lotus root pond with water, come this disease of prevention and cure by lime, have simultaneously the effect of the pasture and water of going out; Major Pests is aphid and prodenia litura, and aphid can be used Imidacloprid, the control of aphid lice removing pesticide; Prodenia litura can be used pyrethrin pesticide, presses down hooligan, stuck gram, dish happiness pesticide control;

(7) become lotus root phase hydraulic giant to gather:

Enter August, at first remove the nylon netting twine when adopting lotus root; When adopting lotus root first with lotus root pond water emptying, with giant (pressure: 50-150Mpa, Guangzhou Lin Jun mechanical ﹠ electronic equipment corporation, Ltd provides, lower same) " peel off " in order rotten grass and mud on one side from certain, until whole lotus root manifest fully can catch rear slowly proposing, simple and fast, the lotus root soma is clean without damaged; The water that hydraulic giant penetrates can discharge simultaneously or hydraulic giant recycling;

(8) storage is sold:

Lotus rhizome is burying in the pond, neither can rot, and also undergoes no deterioration, and can gather in the crops spring in the coming year always.

Good effect of the present invention:

1, the shallow pond of greenhouse by solar heat lotus root cultivation can be done sth. in advance and postpone listing according to market conditions, not only improves output but also increase benefit;

2, build the shallow pond of cultivation, shallow pond lotus root, can using water wisely, electricity consumption, be beneficial to management and gather;

3, shallow pond lotus root stalk culture underglass off the net, can prevent crop straw burning, CO ₂Discharging, the advantage of reallocating resources promotes the recycling of agricultural wastes, and environmental contamination reduction saves labor, and increasing both production and income is beneficial to and gathers, and improves shallow pond lotus root yield and quality, and economy, ecological benefits are remarkable; 666.67m ²Output is more than 4800kg.

4, the shallow pond of balance formula fertilising cultivation lotus root, can save fertilizer, reduce cost, expansion benefit, produces organic products.

5, shallow pond lotus root hydromining, gather with hydraulic giant exactly, can be time saving and energy saving, raise labour efficiency more than 10 doubly, and reduce disconnected lotus root quantity, improve whole lotus root rate, grade and economic benefit.

6,666.67m ²Output is more than 4800kg, and not only output is high, and can do sth. in advance and postpone listing according to market conditions, and is profitable.Management is simple, is easy to promote.

Embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment:

Technical solution of the present invention is as follows: main body of the present invention is the shallow pond lotus root stalk hydromining off the net cultivation method under Protected Cultivation, comprising: greenhouse by solar heat is built, the pond is built in the lotus root standardization of shallow pond, balance formula fertilising, the plantation of shallow pond lotus root, stalk cover the button net, 8 links are sold in the management of shallow pond lotus root, hydromining results, storage.Concrete technical scheme is as follows:

1. the pond is built in shallow pond lotus root standardization

1.1 lotus root pond addressing: be selected in sunnyly, there is no wasteland, the edge of the village, waste residence, discarded pit-pond, Collapse by Mining district and saline land that trees cover, waterlogged lowland etc.

1.2 the pond is built in standardization: the dark 40cm in pond is dug in cement stripping and slicing pond, and pool wall is vertical.Pound and help the pond to dig the dark 53cm in pond, 60 ° of pool wall gradients at the hammer end.

1.2.1 build cement stripping and slicing pond.Buildup depth is 30cm, every 666.67m ²(reacted the resin solution that produces by pyromellitic acid anhydride and 4.4-diaminodiphenyl ether in extremely strong property solvent, then process through film forming, high temperature dehydration etc. with 30cm * 770 of 20cm cement strippings and slicings, 425# cement 12t, sand 60t, Φ 0.2mm Kapton.This film has good warm tolerance (200) cold-resistant (60), radiation resistance, resistance to water, acid resistance, anti-solvent and anti-fluorine Lyons property.The extraordinary insulating material factory in Penglai City produces); Method is first to use Φ 0.2mm Kapton or Φ 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film shop fixtures and surrounding, then (ratio: 1:4-6) mixing stirs evenly, and floor file 5～8cm, striaght cement are wiped one's face to use cement, sand.Use is found in the 3rd, 30cm * 20cm cement stripping and slicing, the husky grey jointing of cement, wipes one's face, and wipes one's face with striaght cement at last.

1.2.2 the side pond is pounded at the construction hammer end.Build up the dark 60cm in pond, lime 2t need be used, cement 8t, sand 30t, 8 film more than 800 m in every 666.67m2 lotus root pond ², approximately 230 of 50cm * 70cm, thick 5cm prefabricated sections; Method is: the one, pound side lime is skimmed at the bottom of the pond at the hammer end, revolve 2～3 times with rotary plow, dark 20cm, after native ash mixes, will leveling compacting at the bottom of the pond with machinery, with 3:7 dirt with the pool wall compacting.The 2nd, plastic film mulch.Hammer is after the end pounds side, with Φ 0.2mm Kapton or Φ 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film with the pond at the bottom of, pool wall paves and completes.The 3rd, after the shop fixtures plastic film mulch, floating with the concrete that 2～5cm is thick.The 4th, vertical swash plate.(length * wide * thick=60cm * 30cm * 5cm) stand in the sidewall surrounding of pool wall wipes seam with cement with ready prefabricated cement swash plate.

2 greenhouse by solar heats are built

After the pond is built in the lotus root standardization of shallow pond, to carry out greenhouse by solar heat and build or first build greenhouse by solar heat, laggard column criterion is built the pond.

Different according to geographic latitude, greenhouse by solar heat is built with local winter warm type green house of vegetables construction, and requirement is: the pond is built in standardization will be fit to greenhouse by solar heat construction (winter warm type big shack) construction.Require front construction by the end of January complete on time, and complete the button canopy, be beneficial to improve ground temperature.

3. balance formula fertilising

Carry out the balance formula fertilising after building the pond.

3.1 balance formula fertilising index.According to breediness and the regulation of fertilizer requirement of shallow pond lotus root, carry out the balance formula fertilising.Balance fertilizing can promote that each position growth of lotus rhizome is coordinated, stalwartness, lays the first stone for improving resistance and obtaining high yield.Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer ratio unreasonable (nitrogenous fertilizer or nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer are more, potash fertilizer is less), and do not use boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, output are generally low more than 20% than the formula balance fertilizing, and disease resistance weakens, and easily suffer serious rot.

Balance formula fertilising (kg/666.67m ²) (N:P ₂O ₅: K ₂O: borax: zinc sulphate) percentage by weight index: 15～25:8～22:15～22:0.2～0.4:0.2～0.4.This is 666.67m ²Output is at the above balance formula Application Ratio of 4800kg.

3.2 balance formula fertilizing method.first spread stalk after building the pond, with wheat straw, corn stalk, the crushed stalk to 5 such as straw or weeds～10cm length, (sky, Shandong and biotechnology Co., Ltd produce with bacterial classification 1kg " No. 001 plant vaccine " according to every 500kg stalk, can be the needed carbonic acid gas of crop with the stalk decomposition and inversion, heat, mineral element, organic etc., and then acquisition high yield, high-quality, non-harmful agricultural product) puddle evenly, paving enters thickness 5～30cm in the pond, then cover topsoil loam 10～15cm, require P in soil H value will be controlled in 6-8, best pH value is 6.5-7, the most handy river embankment mud, paddy soils, the garden mould of vegetable field, but definitely can not recruitment industry Polluted Soil.Every 666.67m again ²Use farmyard manure 5000kg, simultaneously with 666.67m ²Using potassium sulphate 50～60kg is radix, according to balance formula fertilising index, is equipped with that diammonium phosphate, urine are disorderly, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, mixes and spreads fertilizer over the fields.Little water flood irrigation after completing, the depth of water 0.5～2cm is advisable.Require on time before to complete by the end of January, be beneficial to the raising water temperature.

4. shallow pond lotus root plantation

When water temperature reaches 10～15 ℃, carry out the lotus root plantation of shallow pond.Generally at the early and middle ten days in February, shift to an earlier date 30～50 days than field production.

4.1 shallow pond lotus root screening varieties.Select the lotus root shallow water lotus root will select lotus root and all less early-maturing variety of leaf, as the Jinan Rhizoma Saururi, the kind such as E Liansi, No. five, " celestial beautiful lotus No. 2 ", " celestial beautiful lotus No. 3 ", " space lotus ".Plant lotus root and generally dig out before facing cultivation, choosing meets this breediness and does the lotus root kind with the whole lotus root of sub-lotus root, and sub-lotus root must to same direction growth, extend the lotus whip regularly.Note not damaging terminal bud when digging lotus root.Kind of lotus root generally the 2nd successively after 1.7cm place cut-out, must guard against with hand and break off with the fingers and thumb, cause rotten kind in case muddy water pours into the lotus root hole.After digging lotus root, standby after vexed 1 day to 50% carbendazim liquid of 400～500 times of kind of lotus root sprays, in case rot occurs.

4.2 lotus root is planted in shallow pond.The row of crying lotus root again.Every 666.67m ²With lotus root 500kg left and right, line-spacing is 150～200cm, and spacing in the rows is 60～100cm.Row's lotus root method: it is dark that seeding row spacing row lotus root in accordance with regulations, general lotus root head are imbedded in stalk 12～15cm, rear joint slightly stuck up on the water surface, improves temperature to utilize sunlight, promotes rudiment.Row lotus root mode is a lot, have towards a direction, also there are several row relatively to arrange, with leg-of-mutton, sky is arranged better between each strain, the lotus whip is evenly distributed, avoids crowded, require the first rule of surrounding row lotus root when planting in the pond, in order to avoid the lotus whip stretches out outside the ridge, saved like this operation that the lotus rhizome vigorous period turns the lotus root head.

5. stalk covers the button net

Shallow pond lotus root plant complete after, carry out stalk and cover the button net.Stalk covers: (sky, Shandong and biotechnology Co., Ltd produce with bacterial classification 1kg " No. 001 plant vaccine " according to every 500kg stalk, can be the needed carbonic acid gas of crop, heat, mineral element, organic matter etc. with the stalk decomposition and inversion, and then obtain high yield, high-quality, non-harmful agricultural product) with stalks such as wheat straw, straw, weeds (except maize straw, because stalk is too large, become thoroughly decomposed above being placed on too slow) puddle evenly, cover the thick 3～10cm of thickness.Due to the stalk light specific gravity, easily swim in the water surface after covering, must detain the net compacting: the nylon wire that is 3～10cm with width of mesh covers, and surrounding is wound around with wooden stick or the bamboo pole of long 100～300cm, diameter 5～10cm, be placed on the pool side compacting, do not move about as standard take stalks mulching.The depth of water is to exceed stalk 2～7cm as suitable.

Twice stalk covers, every 666.67m ²Need with 10000～15000 kg, approximately 25 mu of (666.67m ², lower with) the crops straw amount.Be one of best reformulations of crops straw, the stalk consumption is large, can effectively stop " the three autumn jobs as harvesting, tilling and planting three summer jobs " peasant and disorderly burn the bad habit of stalk, has reduced environmental pollution and CO ₂Discharging.

6. the management of shallow pond lotus root

Stalk enters the shallow pond lotus root field management stage after covering the button net.Require water temperature 15-25 ℃ in booth, temperature 15-33 ℃, air humidity RH is 50-85%.

6.1 weeding, priming leaf, defloration

At lotus leaf Feng Hangqian not, carry out weeding in conjunction with fertilising, weeding should be carried out in the both sides of leaf roll, pulls up weeds and fills in immediately below lotus root as fertilizer sources in mud.About field planting 1 month, floating leaf is gradually withered, should pluck, and sunlight is penetrated improve water temperature in water, and when 5～6 leaves were arranged, at this moment lotus leaf was luxuriant, had sealed row, and underground morning, lotus root began to sit lotus root, and the weeding of should not going to the field again is in order to avoid the lotus root body of damaging.To adopt lotus root as the lotus root pond of purpose, the knot of blooming consumes nutrient, and having bud to occur should be tortuous with bennet, not broken, in order to avoid rainwater causes rotten by the pore intrusion.

Along with the rising of temperature, duckweed and moss in the pond slowly grow, if having duckweed to cover in the pond and the moss covering, can reduce water temperature, affect germination and the normal growth of lotus root whip.Therefore, every the two weeks left and right, should fish for once with dredger, duckweed and moss are pulled out from the pond.

Sometimes a kind of special moss can occur in the pond, be " water is continuous ".Floating on the water surface of " water is continuous " masses salvages it, will show Fibrotic essence.Dry later water is continuous, silk fibre thread, coming if spread in water, lotus rhizome will be dead because of anoxic.If found in the pond that water is continuous, can't fall to despise, must prevent and treat with the method for full pool spilling head copper-bath.The consumption of copper sulphate is decided according to the depth of water, and the consumption in every mu of field calculates according to the consumption of 10cm depth of water 0.5kg copper sulphate.

After lotus rhizome exhibition leaf, close in the pond, ventilation condition variation, and the weeds on this moment limit, pond are also very luxuriant, therefore, often pull out the weeds on the limit, pond, improve ventilation condition is beneficial to the growth of lotus rhizome very much.

Enter by the end of May, should throw off the film of the booth in greenhouse fully, improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition.

Enter for 6～July and just entered " knot lotus root phase ": lotus rhizome is bloomed the later stage, and underground " lotus root whip " no longer extends, and begins to enlarge into lotus root.General subterranean stem the 15th joint begins into lotus root later, and the forming process of lotus root approximately needs through 15-20 days.

Becoming the characteristics of lotus root phase is that plant overground part poor growth is gradually stopped, but the conversion acceleration of the inner nutriment of plant, subterranean stem increases thick hypertrophy.At this moment need certain soil temperature.To hope for success the lotus root phase according to the management characteristic of the overboard lotus root of lotus of rising: shallow water, in order to improving soil temperature, accelerate the formation of lotus root.From the knot lotus root phase, cement no longer adds water in the pond, and its natural evaporation of leaving.

6.2 topdress

The lotus rhizome happiness is fertile, and fertilizer is generally take base manure as main, and base manure accounts for full phase fertilizing amount 70%, topdresses to account for 50% of full phase fertilizing amount.Seeding is close, the fertilising early of gathering is many.Every mu, base manure is approximately executed the 5000kg fertilizer.Topdressing is divided into twice, the 1 time when the lotus root lotus bears 6～7 leaves and just entering vigorous period, executes diammonium phosphate 10kg, potash fertilizer 10kg, boron fertilizer 0.1kg, zinc fertilizer 0.1kg for every mu; The 2nd when beginning, be called " urge lotus root fertile " inferior to the knot lotus root, mu is executed tri compound 50kg.Should put shallow water before each fertilising, allow fertilizer suck in soil, and then pour water to the original degree of depth.The rear slow clear water that waters that topdresses rinses lotus leaf, as fertile not enough, can chase after Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg/ mu.Proportion of additional fertilizer strictly carries out according to balance formula fertilising index.

6.3 water level is regulated

Shallow pond lotus root kept shallow water 2～5cm to the budding stage in more than 10 days after the row lotus root, with the raising soil temperature, impel germination.Along with the vigorous growth of Li Ye and branch adds profundal zone to 5～12cm gradually, until sit lotus root period.1 month should put shallow water position 2～7cm before gathering, and promotes the knot lotus root.

6.4 prevention and elimination of disease and pests

Shallow pond lotus root Major Diseases is rot, is caused by sickle-like bacteria.The method of preventing and treating is used lime disinfection row before lotus root, and every mu with quicklime 50～70kg, and quicklime is evenly put into lotus root pond with water, comes this disease of prevention and cure by lime, has simultaneously the effect of the pasture and water of going out.Major Pests is aphid and prodenia litura, and aphid can be used the pesticide controls such as Imidacloprid, aphid lice be clean.Prodenia litura can be used pyrethrin pesticide, press down the pesticide controls such as hooligan, stuck gram, dish happiness, stops pesticide pollution and low-residual, guarantees the production of organic products.

7. become lotus root phase hydraulic giant to gather

Enter August, when lotus leaf is withered or when sallow, shallow pond lotus root enters into the lotus root phase, can according to market conditions at any time hydraulic giant adopt lotus root.At first remove the nylon netting twine when adopting lotus root.High due to lotus root field straw content, become thoroughly decomposed fast, soil property is few, so lotus root field soil property is soft, easily gather.First with lotus root pond water emptying, " peel off " in order rotten grass and mud from certain on one side with giant (electronic or gasoline engine drive) when adopting lotus root, until whole lotus root manifest fully can catch rear slowly proposing, simple and fast, the lotus root soma is clean without breakage.The water that hydraulic giant penetrates can discharge simultaneously or hydraulic giant recycling.More than can receiving lotus root 4000kg for each person every day, more traditionally dig that lotus root 400kg/ days efficient is high, suitable for all ages, innovation is gathered, and pattern is outstanding.

8. storage is sold

According to the market in market in batches hydraulic giant excavate ahead of time and postpone listing, before and after the Mid-autumn Festival, National Day, New Year's Day, constant pitch day in the Spring Festival, the demand of lotus rhizome is large, price is high, is chosen in these times to sell high efficiency.

Embodiment 1

1. the pond is built in shallow pond lotus root standardization

1.2 the pond is built in standardization: the dark 40cm in pond is dug in cement stripping and slicing pond, and pool wall is vertical.Pound and help the pond to dig the dark 53cm in pond, 60 ° of pool wall gradients at the hammer end.Buildup depth is 30cm, every 666.67m ²(reacted the resin solution that produces by pyromellitic acid anhydride and 4.4-diaminodiphenyl ether in extremely strong property solvent, then process through film forming, high temperature dehydration etc. with 30cm * 770 of 20cm cement strippings and slicings, 425# cement 12t, sand 60t, Φ 0.2mm Kapton.This film has good warm tolerance (200) cold-resistant (60), radiation resistance, resistance to water, acid resistance, anti-solvent and anti-fluorine Lyons property.The extraordinary insulating material factory in Penglai City produces); Method is first to use Φ 0.2mm Kapton or Φ 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film shop fixtures and surrounding, then (ratio: 1:4-6) mixing stirs evenly, and floor file 5～8cm, striaght cement are wiped one's face to use cement, sand.Use is found in the 3rd, 30cm * 20cm cement stripping and slicing, the husky grey jointing of cement, wipes one's face, and wipes one's face with striaght cement at last.

2. greenhouse by solar heat is built

3. balance formula fertilising

Carry out the balance formula fertilising after building the pond.

Balance formula fertilising (kg/666.67m ²) (N:P2O5:K2O: borax: zinc sulphate) percentage by weight index: 15～25:8～22:15～22:0.2～0.4:0.2～0.4.This is 666.67m ²Output is at the above balance formula Application Ratio of 4800kg.

4. shallow pond lotus root plantation

4.2 lotus root is planted in shallow pond.The row of crying lotus root again.Every mu with 500 kilograms of left and right of lotus root, and line-spacing is 150～200cm, and spacing in the rows is 60～100cm.Row's lotus root method: it is dark that seeding row spacing row lotus root in accordance with regulations, general lotus root head are imbedded in stalk 12～15cm, rear joint slightly stuck up on the water surface, improves temperature to utilize sunlight, promotes rudiment.Row lotus root mode is a lot, have towards a direction, also there are several row relatively to arrange, with leg-of-mutton, sky is arranged better between each strain, the lotus whip is evenly distributed, avoids crowded, require the first rule of surrounding row lotus root when planting in the pond, in order to avoid the lotus whip stretches out outside the ridge, saved like this operation that the lotus rhizome vigorous period turns the lotus root head.

5. stalk covers the button net

Shallow pond lotus root plant complete after, carry out stalk and cover the button net.Stalk covers: (sky, Shandong and biotechnology Co., Ltd produce with bacterial classification 1kg " No. 001 plant vaccine " according to every 500kg stalk, can be the needed carbonic acid gas of crop, heat, mineral element, organic matter etc. with the stalk decomposition and inversion, and then obtain high yield, high-quality, non-harmful agricultural product) with stalks such as wheat straw, straw, weeds (except maize straw, because stalk is too large, become thoroughly decomposed above being placed on too slow) puddle evenly, cover thickness 3～10cm.Due to the stalk light specific gravity, easily swim in the water surface after covering, must detain the net compacting: the nylon wire that is 3～10cm with width of mesh covers, and surrounding is wound around with wooden stick or the bamboo pole of long 100～300cm, diameter 5～10cm, be placed on the pool side compacting, do not move about as standard take stalks mulching.The depth of water is to exceed stalk 2～7cm as suitable.

Twice stalk covers, and every mu needs with 10000～15000 kg, approximately 25 mu of (666.67m ², lower with) the crops straw amount.Be one of best reformulations of crops straw, the stalk consumption is large, can effectively stop " the three autumn jobs as harvesting, tilling and planting three summer jobs " peasant and disorderly burn the bad habit of stalk, has reduced environmental pollution and CO2 discharging.

6. shallow pond lotus root management

6.1 weeding, priming leaf, defloration

Sometimes a kind of special moss can occur in the pond, be " water is continuous ".Floating on the water surface of " water is continuous " masses salvages it, will show Fibrotic essence.Dry later water is continuous, silk fibre thread, coming if spread in water, lotus rhizome will be dead because of anoxic.If found in the pond that water is continuous, can't fall to despise, must prevent and treat with the method for full pool spilling head copper-bath.The consumption of copper sulphate is decided according to the depth of water, and the consumption in every mu of field calculates according to the consumption of the 10 centimetres of depth of water 0.5 kilo sulfuric acid copper.

6.2 topdress

6.3 water level is regulated

6.4 prevention and elimination of disease and pests

7. become lotus root phase hydraulic giant to gather

8. storage is sold

Embodiment 2:

1. the pond is built in shallow pond lotus root standardization

1.2 the pond is built in standardization: building the hammer end pounds the side pond.Build up the dark 60cm in pond, every 666.67m ²Lime 2t need be used in the lotus root pond, cement 8t, sand 30t, 8 film more than 800 m ², approximately 230 of 50cm * 70cm, thick 5cm prefabricated sections; Method is: the one, pound side lime is skimmed at the bottom of the pond at the hammer end, revolve 2～3 times with rotary plow, dark 20cm, after native ash mixes, will leveling compacting at the bottom of the pond with machinery, with 3:7 dirt with the pool wall compacting.The 2nd, plastic film mulch.Hammer is after the end pounds side, with Φ 0.2mm Kapton or Φ 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film with the pond at the bottom of, pool wall paves and completes.The 3rd, after the shop fixtures plastic film mulch, floating with the concrete that 2～5cm is thick.The 4th, vertical swash plate.(length * wide * thick=60cm * 30cm * 5cm) stand in the sidewall surrounding of pool wall wipes seam with cement with ready prefabricated cement swash plate.

2. greenhouse by solar heat is built

3. balance formula fertilising

Carry out the balance formula fertilising after building the pond.

Balance formula fertilising (kg/666.67m ²) (N:P ₂O ⁵: K ₂O: borax: zinc sulphate) percentage by weight index: 15～25:8～22:15～22:0.2～0.4:0.2～0.4.This is that 666.67m2 output is at the above balance formula Application Ratio of 4800kg.

4. shallow pond lotus root plantation

5. stalk covers the button net

6. shallow pond lotus root management

6.1 weeding, priming leaf, defloration

6.2 topdress

6.3 water level is regulated

6.4 prevention and elimination of disease and pests

7. become lotus root phase hydraulic giant to gather

8. storage is sold

Claims

1. method for hydroponic culture by using stalks under net in greenhouse, be the shallow pond lotus root stalk hydromining off the net cultivation method under Protected Cultivation, comprise: greenhouse by solar heat is built, the pond is built in the lotus root standardization of shallow pond, balance formula fertilising, the plantation of shallow pond lotus root, stalk cover the button net, 8 links are sold in the management of shallow pond lotus root, hydromining results, storage; It is characterized in that:

(1) pond is built in shallow pond lotus root standardization:

1.1 lotus root pond addressing: be selected in sunny, wasteland, the edge of the village, waste residence, discarded pit-pond, Collapse by Mining district or the saline land, the waterlogged lowland that do not have trees to cover;

1.2.1 build cement stripping and slicing pond: buildup depth is 30cm, every 666.67m ²With 30cm * 770 of 20cm cement strippings and slicings, 425# cement 12t, sand 60t, thickness 0.2mm Kapton, Kapton is reacted the resin solution that produces in extremely strong property solvent by pyromellitic acid anhydride and 4.4-diaminodiphenyl ether, then process through film forming, high temperature dehydration; Method is first to use thickness 0.2mm Kapton or thickness 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film shop fixtures and surrounding, then uses cement, sand, and ratio: 1:4-6 mixing stirs evenly, and floor file 5～8cm, striaght cement are wiped one's face; Use is found in 30cm * 20cm cement stripping and slicing, the husky grey jointing of cement, wipes one's face, and wipes one's face with striaght cement at last;

1.2.2 the side pond is pounded at the construction hammer end: build up the dark 60cm in pond, every 666.67m ²Lime 2t need be used in the lotus root pond, cement 8t, sand 30t, thickness 0.2mm film more than 800 m ², length * wide * thick=70cm * 50cm * approximately 230 of 5cm swash plate prefabricated sections; Method is: the one, revolve 2～3 times with rotary plow at the bottom of pounding side lime being sprinkled into the pond at the hammer end, dark 20cm, after native ash mixes, will leveling compacting at the bottom of the pond with machinery, with 3:7 dirt with the pool wall compacting; The 2nd, plastic film mulch; Hammer is after the end pounds side, with thickness 0.2mm Kapton or thickness 0.2mm polytetrafluoroethylene film with the pond at the bottom of, pool wall paves and completes; The 3rd, after the shop fixtures plastic film mulch, floating with the concrete that 2～5cm is thick; The 4th, vertical swash plate; With ready prefabricated cement swash plate, stand in the sidewall surrounding of pool wall, with cement, seam is wiped;

(2) greenhouse by solar heat is built:

(3) balance formula fertilising:

Build and carry out the balance formula fertilising behind the pond:

3.1 balance formula fertilising index: according to breediness and the regulation of fertilizer requirement of shallow pond lotus root, carry out the balance formula fertilising; The balance formula fertilising, N:P ₂O ₅: K ₂O: borax: zinc sulphate percentage by weight index: 15～25:8～22:15～22:0.2～0.4:0.2～0.4;

3.2 balance formula fertilizing method: first spread stalk after building the pond, it is 5～10cm that wheat straw, corn stalk, straw or weeds are crushed to length, puddle evenly with 1kg " No. 001 plant vaccine " bacterial classification according to every 500kg stalk, paving enters thickness 5～30cm in the pond, then cover topsoil loam 10～15cm, require P in soil H value to be controlled at 6～8, select the garden mould of river embankment mud, paddy soils, vegetable field, can not use industrial Polluted Soil; Every 666.67m again ²Use farmyard manure 5000kg, simultaneously every 666.67m ²Using potassium sulphate 50～60kg is radix, according to balance formula fertilising index, is equipped with diammonium phosphate, urea, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, mixes and spreads fertilizer over the fields; Little water flood irrigation after completing, the depth of water 0.5～2cm; Require on time before to complete by the end of January, be beneficial to the raising water temperature;

(4) shallow pond lotus root plantation:

When water temperature reaches 10～15 ℃, carry out the lotus root plantation of shallow pond; At the early and middle ten days in February, shift to an earlier date 30～50 days than field production;

4.1 shallow pond lotus root screening varieties: select the lotus root shallow water lotus root will select lotus root and all less early-maturing variety of leaf; Plant lotus root and dig out before facing cultivation, choosing meets this breediness and does the lotus root kind with the whole lotus root of sub-lotus root, and sub-lotus root must to same direction growth, extend the lotus whip regularly; Note not damaging terminal bud when digging lotus root; Kind of lotus root the 2nd successively after 1.7cm place cut-out, must guard against with hand and break off with the fingers and thumb, prevent that muddy water from pouring into the lotus root hole and causing rotten kind; After digging lotus root, standby after vexed 1 day to 50% carbendazim liquid of 400～500 times of kind of lotus root sprays, prevent that rot from occuring;

4.2 lotus root is planted in shallow pond: the row of crying lotus root again, every 666.67m ²With 500 kilograms of left and right of lotus root, line-spacing is 150～200cm, and spacing in the rows is 60～100cm; Row's lotus root method: it is dark that seeding row spacing row lotus root in accordance with regulations, lotus root head are imbedded in stalk 12～15cm, rear joint slightly stuck up on the water surface, improves temperature to utilize sunlight, promotes rudiment; The row lotus root is arranged relatively towards a direction or a few row, with leg-of-mutton, sky is arranged between each strain, and the lotus whip is evenly distributed, avoid crowded, require the first rule of surrounding row lotus root when planting in the pond, in order to avoid the lotus whip stretches out outside the ridge, saved like this operation that the lotus rhizome vigorous period turns the lotus root head;

(5) stalk covers the button net

Shallow pond lotus root plant complete after, carry out stalk and cover the button net; Stalk covers: with 1kg " No. 001 plant vaccine " bacterial classification and wheat straw, straw, weeds stalk, puddle evenly according to every 500kg stalk, cover thickness 3～10cm; Detain the net compacting: the nylon wire that is 3～10cm with width of mesh covers, and surrounding is wound around with wooden stick or the bamboo pole of long 100～300cm, diameter 5～10cm, is placed on the pool side compacting, does not move about as standard take stalks mulching; The depth of water exceeds stalk 2～7cm;

Twice stalk covers, every 666.67m ²Need with 10000～15000 kg;

(6) shallow pond lotus root management:

After stalk covered the button net, enter the shallow pond lotus root field management stage: require water temperature 15-25 ℃ in booth, temperature 15-33 ℃, air humidity RH was 50-85%;

6. 1.Grass, priming leaf, defloration:

At lotus leaf Feng Hangqian not, carry out weeding in conjunction with fertilising, weeding should be carried out in the both sides of leaf roll, pulls up weeds and fills in immediately below lotus root as fertilizer sources in mud; About field planting 1 month, floating leaf is gradually withered, should pluck, and sunlight is penetrated improve water temperature in water, and when 5～6 leaves were arranged, at this moment lotus leaf was luxuriant, had sealed row, and underground morning, lotus root began to sit lotus root, and the weeding of no longer going to the field is in order to avoid the lotus root body of damaging; To adopt lotus root as the lotus root pond of purpose, the knot of blooming consumes nutrient, and having bud to occur should be tortuous with bennet, does not fracture, in order to avoid rainwater causes rotten by the pore intrusion; Every the two weeks left and right, fish for once with dredger, duckweed and moss are pulled out from the pond; If found in the pond that water is continuous, must prevent and treat with the method for full pool spilling head copper-bath; The consumption of copper sulphate is decided according to the depth of water, every 666.67m ²The consumption in field calculates according to the consumption of 10cm depth of water 0.5kg copper sulphate; Often pull out the weeds on the limit, pond, improve ventilation condition;

Enter for 6～July and just enter and finish the lotus root phase: the knot lotus root phase needs certain soil temperature; The knot lotus root phase: shallow water, in order to improving soil temperature, accelerate the formation of lotus root; From the knot lotus root phase, cement no longer adds water in the pond, its natural evaporation of leaving;

6.2 topdress:

The lotus rhizome happiness is fertile, and fertilizer is take base manure as main, and base manure accounts for full phase fertilizing amount 70%, topdresses to account for 30% of full phase fertilizing amount; Seeding is close, the fertilising early of gathering is many; The every 666.67m of base manure ²Approximately execute the 5000kg fertilizer; Topdress and be divided into twice, the 1 time when the lotus root lotus bears 6～7 leaves and just entering vigorous period, every 666.67m ²Execute diammonium phosphate 10kg, potash fertilizer 10kg, boron fertilizer 0.1kg, zinc fertilizer 0.1kg; The 2nd when beginning, be called " urge lotus root fertile ", 666.67m inferior to the knot lotus root ²Execute tri compound 50kg; Should put shallow water before each fertilising, allow fertilizer suck in soil, and then pour water to the original degree of depth; The rear slow clear water that waters that topdresses rinses lotus leaf, as fertile not enough, chases after Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg/666.67m ²Proportion of additional fertilizer strictly carries out according to balance formula fertilising index;

6.3 water level is regulated:

6.4 prevention and elimination of disease and pests:

Shallow pond lotus root Major Diseases is rot, and the method for preventing and treating is used lime disinfection, every 666.67m before the row lotus root ²With quicklime 50～70kg, quicklime is evenly put into lotus root pond with water, come this disease of prevention and cure by lime, have simultaneously the effect of the pasture and water of going out; Major Pests is aphid and prodenia litura, and aphid prevents and treats with Imidacloprid, aphid lice removing pesticide; Prodenia litura with pyrethrin pesticide, press down hooligan, stuck gram, dish happiness pesticide control;

(7) become lotus root phase hydraulic giant to gather:

Enter August, at first remove the nylon netting twine when adopting lotus root; First with lotus root pond water emptying, use giant, pressure when adopting lotus root: 50-150MPa, Yi Bian " peel off " in order rotten grass and mud from certain, treat that whole lotus root manifests fully, catch rear slowly proposing, simple and fast, the lotus root soma is clean without damaged; The water that hydraulic giant penetrates discharge simultaneously or hydraulic giant recycling;

(8) storage is sold:

Lotus rhizome is burying in the pond, neither can rot, and also undergoes no deterioration, and gathers in the crops spring in next year always.