CN103960019B - The method of rot control in one seed lotus plantation - Google Patents
The method of rot control in one seed lotus plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960019B CN103960019B CN201410203089.1A CN201410203089A CN103960019B CN 103960019 B CN103960019 B CN 103960019B CN 201410203089 A CN201410203089 A CN 201410203089A CN 103960019 B CN103960019 B CN 103960019B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for rot control in a seed lotus plantation, the method is for the rot in seed lotus planting process, and propose sterilized by land for growing field crops, lotus kind is sterilized, vertical foliar spray medicine and diseased plant process four steps coordinate the method for integrated control carrying out putting prevention first, Soil tillage when the method is by planting lotus kind, the process of lotus kind, stand in leaf fertilizer and field management operating process all in conjunction with the use of medicament, effectively reduce the incidence of disease of rot, reach the object of the seed output and quality improving seed lotus, and the composite drug consumption used is few, and control efficiency is good, safety and environmental protection, cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for rot control in a seed lotus plantation, belong to rot efficient green Control Technology field.
Background technology
Seed Nelumbo nymphaeaceae plant is a kind of perennial root herbaceous plant of extensively plantation both at home and abroad.China's seed lotus plantation is with a long history, because it abounds with the flower of ornamental value and the lotus seeds of nutritive value, has very high economic worth, has become one of important crops of peasant economy growth.
In recent years, along with the increase gradually of seed lotus cultivated area, being on the rise of seed lotus rot, rot infects the important soil-borne disease of the one caused by Fusarium, the subterranean stem of main harm seed lotus and root, generally can cause seed lotus underproduction 15%-40%, reach more than 60% time serious, even have no harvest.First there is symptom at the subterranean stem of being injured in this disease, thereafter just gradually on the ground blade and petiole show disease, because the pathogenetic environment particularity of corruption and blade show the hysteresis quality of disease, often cause the proper control time missing this disease, cause Severe Reduction.Rot prevention and controls of the prior art mainly adopts crop rotation, improves the aggregate measures such as application method, enhancement of field management.In view of the occurring and damage position of lotus rhizome rot is comparatively special, disease-resistant variety selection and popularization is without supporting technology, and crop rotation is difficult to carry out at Under the market economy condition.Therefore, current chemical control is still effective measures in integrated control, but prevents and treats this disease and there is no specific drug, and medication is single and miss proper control time, often causes control efficiency not good, a large amount of medication also caused environmental pollute, degradation consequence under lotus seed quality.
Sun Shuanjie is (" high-quality seed lotus high yield safety cultivation technology " the Changjiang river vegetables, 4th phase in 2003) in disclose a kind of method of medical treatment seed lotus rot, can adopt not in spite of illness and disease-resistant variety, pull out diseased plant in time, enrich the measure such as lime and phosphorus potash fertilizer, rice field-upland field rotation, rely mainly on prevention.Medicine can adopt 90% chlorophos or 80% ddvp emulsion, 1500 times of liquid, but only discloses method in literary composition, does not do comparative trial.
Kong Xiangjun etc. are (" different chemical chemical control seed lotus rot Preliminary Report on Experiment " the Changjiang river vegetables (scholarly edition), 16th phase in 2009) in disclose a kind of method preventing lotus rhizome rot, the open soil treatment of Wen Zhongyi effectively can reduce morbidity strain number, wherein best with fenaminosulf control efficiency.Soil and cauline leaf combined treatment, the incidence of disease that quicklime one Shi Jiale process, carbendazim one make hectogram process and fenaminosulf one easily protect process reduces by 60.33%, 59.71%, 38.72% than contrast (CK) respectively.
Although prior art rot in control seed lotus planting process is done a lot in studying, but study not detailed, and the medicament number of times used too much both can Heavy environmental pollution, lotus seed product quality can be reduced again, therefore, be necessary in fact to study a kind of efficient, environmental protection, the corrupt pathogenetic method of economic control, reduce rot incidence, improve seed lotus yield and quality.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome in seed lotus planting process for rot medication, the problem such as efficiency is low in proper control time improper caused preventing and treating, contaminated environment, product quality decline, pathogen develops immunity to drugs, the object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of safety and environmental protection, strong operability, effectively can prevent and treat the method for rot in the plantation of seed lotus, the method cost is low, can effectively improve lotus seeds productive rate, can extensive use.
The invention provides the method for rot control in a seed lotus plantation, the method is coordinated by land for growing field crops sterilization, the sterilization of lotus kind, vertical foliar spray medicine and diseased plant process four steps to carry out;
The sterilization of described land for growing field crops is the disinfecting soil process adopting mass ratio to be the quicklime of 14:1 ~ 18:1 and sulfur compounded thing before plantation lotus kind to after turning over;
Described lotus kind sterilization adopts composite drug to carry out immersion treatment to lotus kind;
Described vertical foliar spray medicine is when field cleaning lotus root branch, Shi Liye fertilizer, adopts composite drug to carry out the process of the filling root and stem of certain plants;
Morbidity strain is pulled out in described diseased plant process in time, adopts composite drug to carry out soil pouring process;
2800 ~ 3200 times of dilutions of described composite drug to be mass fraction the be mould clever pulvis of evil of 99% and mass fraction are the Mixed Pharmacy of 800 ~ 1200 times of dilutions of the powder of carbendazim of 50%, wherein, mass fraction be 99% the mould clever pulvis of evil and mass fraction be 50% powder of carbendazim mass ratio be 1:2.8 ~ 1:3.2.
In seed lotus plantation of the present invention, the method for rot control also comprises following preferred version:
In preferred method, in quicklime and sulfur compounded thing, quicklime and sulphur mass ratio are 16:1.
In preferred method, quicklime and the sulfur compounded thing use applied amount in the plowed soils in land for growing field crops is 70 ~ 90Kg/ mu; Most preferably be 85Kg/ mu.
3000 times of dilutions of preferred composite drug to be mass fraction the be mould clever pulvis of evil of 99% and mass fraction are the Mixed Pharmacy of 1000 times of dilutions of the powder of carbendazim of 50%, wherein, mass fraction be 99% the mould clever pulvis of evil and mass fraction be 50% powder of carbendazim mass ratio be 1:3.
When carrying out land for growing field crops sterilization in preferred method, quicklime and sulfur compounded thing are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields behind plowed soils surface, ploughs immediately and rake, water conservation 2 ~ 3cm, allow water naturally osmotic enter soil.
When carrying out the sterilization of lotus kind in preferred method, every mu of land for growing field crops is set up four water Taipa, water Taipa specification is 1.5m × 2m × 30cm, lotus kind 40 is put in each water Taipa, using composite drug soaking disinfection 20 ~ 28h, is the mould clever pulvis 0.3Kg of evil of 99% containing mass fraction in the composite drug in each water Taipa.
When carrying out diseased plant process in preferred method, when finding diseased plant, pull out diseased plant immediately, adopt cofferdam mode to be isolated by diseased plant simultaneously, soil pouring sterilization is carried out to region, diseased plant cofferdam composite drug.
The method of rot control in seed lotus plantation of the present invention, comprises following concrete steps:
Sterilize in step (1) land for growing field crops: select pollution-free, irrigation condition good, soil layer is deep and be rich in organic field, combine before lotus kind plants 4 ~ 7 days and turn over wholely, employing mass ratio is quicklime and the sulfur compounded thing of 14 ~ 18:1, after spreading fertilizer over the fields sterilization by the full field of the consumption of 70 ~ 90Kg/ mu, carry out ploughing immediately raking, water conservation 2 ~ 3cm, then allows water naturally osmotic go down;
Step (2) lotus kind is sterilized: four water Taipa are set up in every mu of land for growing field crops, and each water Taipa specification 1.5m × 2m × 30cm, puts into lotus kind 40 in each water Taipa, uses composite drug soaking disinfection 20 ~ 28h; Wherein, 2800 ~ 3200 times of dilutions of composite drug to be mass fraction the be mould clever pulvis of evil of 99% and mass fraction are the Mixed Pharmacy of 800 ~ 1200 times of dilutions of the powder of carbendazim of 50%, wherein, mass fraction be 99% the mould clever pulvis of evil and mass fraction be 50% powder of carbendazim mass ratio be 1:2.8 ~ 1:3.2; Be the mould clever pulvis 0.3Kg of evil of 99% containing mass fraction in composite drug in each water Taipa;
Step (3) founds foliar spray medicine: when carrying out the cleaning of lotus root branch, Shi Liye fertilizer in field, carry out the filling root and stem of certain plants, invade to prevent pathogen from wound with the composite drug in step (2);
Step (4) diseased plant process: find diseased plant, pull out disease immediately, adopts cofferdam mode to be isolated by diseased plant simultaneously, carries out soil pouring sterilization to the composite drug in region, diseased plant cofferdam step (2).
Advantageous Effects of the present invention: the rot that the present invention is directed in seed lotus planting process propose a kind of medication with cultivation combine with the method for integrated control puted prevention first, all in conjunction with the use of medicament in Soil tillage when the method is by planting lotus kind, the process of lotus kind, vertical leaf fertilizer and field management operating process, effectively reduce the incidence of disease of rot, reach the object of the yield and quality improving seed lotus, and the composite drug consumption used is few, and control efficiency is good, safety and environmental protection, cost is low; In addition the method can be grasped simply, and general peasant household is all easy to operate.Further determined that the composite concentration of composite drug needed for control seed lotus rot and usage amount in the preferred technical solution of the present invention, more improve the efficiency that control is corrupt, improve seed lotus yield and quality.
Embodiment
Following examples are intended to further illustrate content of the present invention, instead of restriction scope.
Embodiment 1
Three mu of lands for growing field crops are selected to do parallel laboratory test.
Sterilize in step (1) land for growing field crops: select pollution-free, irrigation condition good, soil layer is deep and be rich in organic field, combining before lotus kind plants 5 days turns over wholely, employing mass ratio is quicklime and the sulfur compounded thing of 16:1, after spreading fertilizer over the fields sterilization by the full field of the consumption of 85Kg/ mu, carry out ploughing immediately raking, water conservation 2 ~ 3cm, then allows water naturally osmotic go down;
Step (2) lotus kind is sterilized: four water Taipa are set up in every mu of land for growing field crops, and each water Taipa specification 1.5m × 2m × 30cm, puts into lotus kind 40 in each water Taipa, uses composite drug soaking disinfection 24h; Wherein, 3000 times of dilutions of composite drug to be mass fraction the be mould clever pulvis of evil of 99% and mass fraction are the Mixed Pharmacy of 1000 times of dilutions of the powder of carbendazim of 50%, wherein, mass fraction be 99% the mould clever pulvis of evil and mass fraction be 50% powder of carbendazim mass ratio be 1:3; Be the mould clever pulvis 0.3Kg of evil of 99% containing mass fraction in composite drug in each water Taipa;
Step (3) founds foliar spray medicine: when carrying out the cleaning of lotus root branch, Shi Liye fertilizer in field, carry out the filling root and stem of certain plants, invade to prevent pathogen from wound with the composite drug in step (2);
Step (4) diseased plant process: find diseased plant, pull out disease immediately, adopts cofferdam mode to be isolated by diseased plant simultaneously, carries out soil pouring sterilization to the composite drug in region, diseased plant cofferdam step (2).
Get the mean value of three mu of field experiments: the rot incidence of disease 4.69%, seed lotus output 145.6Kg/ mu.
Embodiment 2
The relation of land for growing field crops of the present invention sterilization various combination pharmacy application and rot incidence and seed lotus output.
Except the disinfecting process of land for growing field crops, other steps all routinely step are implemented.Quicklime, Cosan and quicklime+Cosan is adopted to carry out disinfection to land for growing field crops according to the land for growing field crops sterilisation step of embodiment 1, parallel test is done in each employing three mu of lands for growing field crops, get its mean value as result of the test, the statistics rot incidence of disease and seed lotus output, result is as shown in table 1.As shown in Table 1; adopt the method best results of quicklime+Cosan, both are combined control efficiency and seed lotus output is obviously better than single chemical control, and dosing when each medicament institute expense will be less than single use when being combined; both reduce production cost, protect environment again.
The relation of various combination pharmacy application and rot incidence and seed lotus output during the sterilization of table 1 land for growing field crops
| Application method | Formulation rate (Kg/ mu) | The rot incidence of disease (%) | Seed lotus output (Kg/ mu) |
| Quicklime | 100 | 20.43 | 108.7 |
| Cosan | 6 | 22.63 | 102.9 |
| Quicklime+sulphur | 80+5 | 14.67 | 120.6 |
Embodiment 3
The relation of lotus kind sterilization various combination pharmacy application of the present invention and rot incidence and seed lotus output.
Except lotus kind disinfecting process, other steps all routinely step are implemented.The mould spirit of evil, carbendazim and the mould spirit+carbendazim of evil is adopted to carry out disinfection to lotus kind according to the lotus kind sterilisation step of embodiment 1, parallel test is done in each employing three mu of lands for growing field crops, get its mean value as result of the test, the statistics rot incidence of disease and seed lotus output, result is as shown in table 2.As shown in Table 2; adopt and dislike the method best results of mould spirit+carbendazim, both are combined control efficiency and seed lotus output is obviously better than single chemical control, and dosing when each medicament institute expense will be less than single use when being combined; both reduce production cost, protect environment again.
The relation of various combination pharmacy application and rot incidence and seed lotus output during the sterilization of table 2 lotus kind
| Medicament title | Formulation rate (doubly) | The rot incidence of disease (%) | Seed lotus output (Kg/ mu) |
| Dislike mould spirit | 5000 | 15.83 | 108.2 |
| Carbendazim | 2000 | 16.81 | 107.5 |
| Dislike mould spirit+many bacterium | 3000+1000 | 10.54 | 124.4 |
Embodiment 4
The relation of vertical foliar spray medicine various combination pharmacy application of the present invention and rot incidence and seed lotus output.
Except vertical foliar spray medicine process, other steps all routinely step are implemented.The mould spirit of evil, carbendazim and the mould spirit+carbendazim of evil is adopted during vertical leaf, to carry out dispenser according to the vertical foliar spray medicine step of embodiment 1, parallel test is done in each employing three mu of lands for growing field crops, get its mean value as result of the test, the statistics rot incidence of disease and seed lotus output, result is as shown in table 3.As shown in Table 3; adopt and dislike the method best results of mould spirit+carbendazim, both are combined control efficiency and seed lotus output is obviously better than single chemical control, and dosing when each medicament institute expense will be less than single use when being combined; both reduce production cost, protect environment again.
The relation of various combination pharmacy application and rot incidence and seed lotus output when table 3 founds foliar spray medicine
| Medicament title | Formulation rate (doubly) | The rot incidence of disease (%) | Seed lotus output (Kg/ mu) |
| Dislike mould spirit | 5000 | 15.27 | 108.8 |
| Carbendazim | 2000 | 17.21 | 105.6 |
| Dislike mould spirit+carbendazim | 3000+1000 | 9.56 | 125.4 |
Embodiment 5
The relation of diseased plant process various combination pharmacy application of the present invention and rot incidence and seed lotus output.
Except diseased plant processing procedure, other steps all routinely step are implemented.Adopt and dislike mould spirit, carbendazim and the mould spirit+carbendazim of the evil diseased plant processing mode according to embodiment 1 to diseased plant process, parallel test is done in each employing three mu of lands for growing field crops, gets its mean value as result of the test, and the statistics rot incidence of disease and seed lotus output, result is as shown in table 4.As shown in Table 4; adopt and dislike the method best results of mould spirit+carbendazim, both are combined control efficiency and seed lotus output is obviously better than single chemical control, and dosing when each medicament institute expense will be less than single use when being combined; both reduce production cost, protect environment again.
The relation of various combination pharmacy application and rot incidence and seed lotus output during the process of table 4 diseased plant
| Medicament title | Formulation rate (doubly) | The rot incidence of disease (%) | Seed lotus output (Kg/ mu) |
| Dislike mould spirit | 5000 | 17.21 | 100.21 |
| Carbendazim | 2000 | 16.24 | 101.42 |
| Dislike mould spirit+carbendazim | 3000+1000 | 8.74 | 125.38 |
Embodiment 6
The relation of different administrated method of the present invention and the rot incidence of disease and seed lotus output
To be left intact as contrast, according to the land for growing field crops sterilization in embodiment 1, the sterilization of lotus kind and the formulation rate founding foliar spray medicine, treatment step is implemented, adopt land for growing field crops sterilization, the sterilization of lotus kind, vertical foliar spray medicine respectively, land for growing field crops sterilization+lotus kind is sterilized, foliar spray medicine is sterilized+stood in land for growing field crops, foliar spray medicine is sterilized+stood to lotus kind, land for growing field crops sterilization+lotus kind is sterilized+stood, and foliar spray medicine 7 kinds of methods carry out rot control, parallel test is done in each employing three mu of lands for growing field crops, get its mean value as result of the test, the statistics rot incidence of disease and seed lotus output, result is as shown in table 5.As shown in Table 5, adopt land for growing field crops sterilization+lotus kind to sterilize+stand the method best results of foliar spray medicine, the rot incidence of disease is minimum, and seed lotus output is the highest.
The relation of table 5 many kinds of application methods and rot incidence and seed lotus output
| Application method | The rot incidence of disease/% | Seed lotus output/Kg/ mu |
| Without any process | 55.13 | 59.5 |
| Sterilize in land for growing field crops | 18.65 | 111.4 |
| Lotus kind is sterilized | 17.86 | 114.5 |
| Vertical foliar spray medicine | 20.51 | 103.4 |
| Land for growing field crops sterilization+lotus kind sterilization | 8.78 | 124.6 |
| Sterilize+stand foliar spray medicine in land for growing field crops | 9.27 | 123.7 |
| Lotus kind is sterilized+stands foliar spray medicine | 8.45 | 126.3 |
| Land for growing field crops sterilization+lotus kind is sterilized+stands foliar spray medicine | 5.69 | 135.6 |
Comparative example 1
Adopt the research of prior art control rot
Adopt Kong Xiangjun etc. to disclose a kind of method of lotus rhizome rot that prevents in (" different chemical chemical control seed lotus rot Preliminary Report on Experiment ", the Changjiang river vegetables (scholarly edition), the 16th phase in 2009) to test, concrete grammar is as follows:
With 0.667Kg/ mu fenaminosulf process soil, with quicklime+Shi Jiale (0.25Kg/ strain: 800 times of liquid)
Combined treatment soil and cauline leaf, result is as shown in table 6, and as shown in Table 6, adopt land for growing field crops to sterilize+stand after foliar spray medicine processes simultaneously, the rot incidence of disease is respectively 9.63% and 121.36%.
The relation of table 6 many kinds of application methods and rot incidence and seed lotus output
| Application method | Formulation rate | The rot incidence of disease/% | Seed lotus output/Kg/ mu |
| Without any process | / | 57.36 | 60.28 |
| Sterilize in land for growing field crops | Fenaminosulf | 16.29 | 110.05 |
| Vertical foliar spray medicine | Quicklime+Shi Jiale | 12.39 | 119.40 |
| Sterilize+stand foliar spray medicine in land for growing field crops | Fenaminosulf+quicklime+Shi Jiale | 9.63 | 121.36 |
Comparing embodiment 1 and comparative example 1; known employing the method for the invention; namely sterilization is spread fertilizer over the fields by the full field of the consumption of 80Kg quicklime/mu+5Kg Cosan/mu; dislike mould clever pulvis 3000 times of liquid+powder of carbendazim 1000 times of liquid and stand the diseases prevention of foliar spray medicine; and carry out the filling root and stem of certain plants; cofferdam mode is adopted to be isolated by diseased plant; mould clever pulvis 3000 times of liquid+carbendazim 1000 times of liquid are disliked to region, diseased plant cofferdam and carries out the sterilization of the filling root and stem of certain plants; compared with prior art; control efficiency and seed lotus output are obviously better than prior art; and reduction production cost, be conducive to protection of the environment.
Claims (5)
1. the method for rot control in a seed lotus plantation, is characterized in that, is coordinated carry out by land for growing field crops sterilization, the sterilization of lotus kind, vertical foliar spray medicine and diseased plant process four steps;
The sterilization of described land for growing field crops is the disinfecting soil process adopting mass ratio to be the quicklime of 14:1 ~ 18:1 and sulfur compounded thing before plantation lotus kind to after turning over; Quicklime and the sulfur compounded thing use applied amount in the plowed soils in land for growing field crops is 70 ~ 90Kg/ mu; Quicklime and sulfur compounded thing are evenly spread fertilizer over the fields behind plowed soils surface, ploughs immediately and rake, water conservation 2 ~ 3cm, allow water naturally osmotic enter soil;
Described lotus kind sterilization adopts composite drug to carry out immersion treatment to lotus kind; When carrying out the sterilization of lotus kind, every mu of land for growing field crops is set up four water Taipa, water Taipa specification is 1.5m × 2m × 30cm, puts into lotus kind 40 in each water Taipa, using composite drug soaking disinfection 20 ~ 28h, is the mould clever pulvis 0.3Kg of evil of 99% containing mass fraction in the composite drug in each water Taipa;
Described vertical foliar spray medicine is when field cleaning lotus root branch, Shi Liye fertilizer, adopts composite drug to carry out the process of the filling root and stem of certain plants;
Morbidity strain is pulled out in described diseased plant process in time, adopts composite drug to carry out soil pouring process;
2800 ~ 3200 times of dilutions of described composite drug to be mass fraction the be mould clever pulvis of evil of 99% and mass fraction are the Mixed Pharmacy of 800 ~ 1200 times of dilutions of the powder of carbendazim of 50%, wherein, mass fraction be 99% the mould clever pulvis of evil and mass fraction be 50% powder of carbendazim mass ratio be 1:2.8 ~ 1:3.2.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in quicklime and sulfur compounded thing, quicklime and sulphur mass ratio are 16:1.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, quicklime and the sulfur compounded thing use applied amount in the plowed soils in land for growing field crops is 85Kg/ mu.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, 3000 times of dilutions of described composite drug to be mass fraction the be mould clever pulvis of evil of 99% and mass fraction are the Mixed Pharmacy of 1000 times of dilutions of the powder of carbendazim of 50%, wherein, mass fraction be 99% the mould clever pulvis of evil and mass fraction be 50% powder of carbendazim mass ratio be 1:3.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, when carrying out diseased plant process, when finding diseased plant, pulls out diseased plant immediately, adopts cofferdam mode to be isolated by diseased plant simultaneously, carries out soil pouring sterilization to region, diseased plant cofferdam composite drug.
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