CN106576866B - Three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng - Google Patents
Three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng, which comprises the following steps: s1, building a cultivation greenhouse; s2, preparing a three-dimensional cultivation frame; s3, preparing a culture medium; s4, accelerating germination of pseudo-ginseng seeds; s5, planting pseudo-ginseng; and S6, growth management. The technical scheme provided by the invention solves the problem of pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping obstacle and improves the space utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng.
Background
Pseudo-ginseng (panax notoginseng (buke.) f.h. chen) is a plant of panax of araliaceae, has the functions of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the like, and is an important raw material of Chinese patent medicines such as compound red sage root dripping pills, Yunnan white medicines, Xuesaitong, Pianzaihuang and the like. Pseudo-ginseng is an artificially cultivated medicinal plant, is mainly produced in Yunnan and Guangxi in the history of cultivation for about 400 years, and is a genuine production area.
Pseudo-ginseng is a typical yin-loving C3 plant, belongs to a perennial root plant cultivated in a no-tillage shade, has a long time in the ground, and is warm and humid in nature. However, the soil-borne diseases are serious after the continuous cropping of the panax notoginseng, the seedling survival rate is obviously reduced, and the panax notoginseng can be replanted by soil rotation for more than 8 years. The rotation period is prolonged due to continuous cropping obstacles, which causes the decrease of the land suitable for planting panax notoginseng year by year, and the continuous cropping obstacles of panax notoginseng seriously restrict the development of the panax notoginseng industry. The continuous cropping obstacle effect of panax notoginseng is mainly shown as follows: the germination rate and the germination index of the seeds are obviously reduced; the seedling rate and the plant height are obviously reduced; serious diseases and yield reduction. After the pseudo-ginseng is planted for one crop, continuous cropping is continued, which easily causes the occurrence and the prevalence of diseases such as root rot and the like; the rotation interval is long, the planting area is extended, and the medicinal material genuine property is difficult to ensure.
The continuous cropping obstacle of panax notoginseng is mainly caused by root rot of panax notoginseng and the self-toxicity of panax notoginseng. The pathogenic bacteria group of root rot of panax notoginseng mainly includes semiachalata (cylindrapostrycans) schelton), cylindrospermum (cindronapon tyloff-panacl' (hild), cylindrographolita (clindronaponbusan hild), cylindrographolita (cylindrocarb foundation mieza-wa), fusarium oxysporum (fusarium oxysporum schlecht), fusarium solani (Mart.)), rhizoctonia solani (rhizoctonia solani), Verticillium sp.
The application publication date is 2015, 12, and 2, and the application publication number is CN105103854A, and discloses a three-dimensional cultivation facility and a technique for panax notoginseng. The greenhouse is a sloping roof greenhouse, and two layers of sunshade nets with the light transmittance of 30 percent are paved on the periphery of the greenhouse and the roof. By building two layers of staggered-layer three-dimensional seedbeds, the cultivation space is fully utilized, the land utilization efficiency is improved to 128% from the traditional 77%, and the utilization rate is improved by more than 50%. However, the method cannot well solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the panax notoginseng.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng to solve the problem of pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping obstacle.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
s1, building a cultivation greenhouse: selecting a land with flat terrain to build a north-south cultivation greenhouse, wherein the greenhouse is a steel structure frame, the width of the greenhouse is 10-15 m, the height of the greenhouse is 2-4 m, the length of the greenhouse is determined according to the terrain, a plastic film is covered on the periphery of a steel frame or glass is arranged on the steel frame, and a sunshade net is arranged on the top of the greenhouse;
s2, preparing a three-dimensional cultivation frame: the cultivation frame comprises a first cross rod, a second cross rod, a vertical rod and a cultivation basket, wherein the first cross rod, the second cross rod and the vertical rod are vertically connected; the cultivation baskets are positioned on a supporting surface formed by the first cross bar and the second cross bar, and a plurality of layers of supporting surfaces formed by the first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged on one cultivation shelf; the cultivation frame is arranged in the cultivation greenhouse;
s3, preparation of a culture medium: the cultivation medium comprises surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the surface soil to the farmyard manure to the microbial fertilizer is 10:2:0.1, and the surface soil and the farmyard manure are subjected to steam sterilization at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours; uniformly mixing surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial manure, and then filling the mixture into the cultivation basket; the surface soil is selected from Yunnan Wenshan region; the high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization can kill germs in the matrix;
s4, accelerating germination of pseudo-ginseng seeds: collecting seeds of three-year-old radix Notoginseng, removing pericarp, cleaning, and air drying; wrapping the dried pseudo-ginseng seeds with gauze, and then placing the wrapped pseudo-ginseng seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of between 15 ℃ below zero and 10 ℃ below zero for freezing for one month; paving a layer of river sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm in a seedling raising tray, uniformly paving a layer of frozen pseudo-ginseng seeds on the river sand, paving a layer of river sand with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the pseudo-ginseng seeds, watering, keeping the water content at 60-70%, and placing in an environment at 15-25 ℃ for accelerating germination;
s5, planting pseudo-ginseng: after the pseudo-ginseng seeds are broken and germinated in the step S4, sowing the seeds in a cultivation basket according to the specifications of 25cm plant spacing and 30cm row spacing, covering a layer of farmyard manure, and watering thoroughly;
s6, growth management:
applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 5 months in the first year, applying a microbial fertilizer one week later, digging the pseudo-ginseng out of the cultivation basket after overground stem leaves wither, then carrying out steam sterilization on the cultivation substrate at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours, cooling the cultivation substrate to room temperature, adding the microbial fertilizer, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture into the cultivation basket, planting the pseudo-ginseng into the cultivation basket, and covering a layer of farmyard manure with the thickness of 1-2 cm; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the microbial fertilizer is 10: 0.1;
watering thoroughly in 3 months in the next year, applying calcium fertilizer in 4 months, applying microbial fertilizer in 7 months, picking off the flower shoots when the flower shoots are pulled out, applying potassium sulfate and copper chloride in 8 months, spraying 2% (m/v) magnesium sulfate solution on leaf surfaces, digging out the pseudo-ginseng from the cultivation basket after overground stem leaves wither, then carrying out steam sterilization on the cultivation matrix at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours, cooling the cultivation matrix to room temperature, adding plant ash and the microbial fertilizer, uniformly mixing, putting into the cultivation basket, planting the pseudo-ginseng into the cultivation basket, and covering with farmyard manure with the thickness of 1-2 cm; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the plant ash to the microbial fertilizer is 10:1: 0.1;
after the pseudo-ginseng is cultivated, pathogenic bacteria and pseudo-ginseng autotoxic substances in the cultivation substrate are increased to cause pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping obstacle, and the substrate cultivated with the pseudo-ginseng is treated at high temperature and high pressure to inactivate the pathogenic bacteria and the pseudo-ginseng autotoxic substances, so that the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping obstacle is solved.
Watering thoroughly 3 months in the third year, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for 4 months, collecting Notoginseng flowers in 7-8 months, applying calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers, excavating Notoginseng after stem of the Notoginseng turns yellow, removing stem leaves and soil, and storing;
during the whole growth process of the pseudo-ginseng, weeds and pseudo-ginseng disease plants are found to be removed in time.
In the three-dimensional cultivation method of panax notoginseng provided by the invention, preferably, the second cross bar is provided with a guide rail, and the guide rail is convenient for placing the cultivation basket into the cultivation frame and taking the cultivation basket out of the cultivation frame.
In the three-dimensional cultivation method of the pseudo-ginseng, preferably, only the root of the pseudo-ginseng is watered, and the leaves of the pseudo-ginseng are not watered, so that the self-toxic substances are prevented from transferring into the cultivation substrate after the water is sprayed on the leaves.
In the three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng provided by the invention, preferably, the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 20-30%.
In the three-dimensional cultivation method of panax notoginseng provided by the invention, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer preferably comprises the following components in a weight ratio of 4:1: 6.
In the three-dimensional cultivation method of panax notoginseng provided by the invention, the weight ratio of the components of the microbial fertilizer is preferably 2:1: 3. The bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis can be competitively combined with root rot pathogenic bacteria and the root of the pseudo-ginseng, so that the root rot pathogenic bacteria are prevented from being combined with the root of the pseudo-ginseng, and the metabolites of the bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis can inhibit the growth of the root rot pathogenic bacteria.
By adopting the technical scheme, the culture substrate is subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment before cultivation, after overground stem leaves of the pseudo-ginseng wither in the first year and the second year, germs and pseudo-ginseng autotoxic substances in the culture substrate are killed, and the microbial fertilizer is applied to inhibit root rot pathogens, so that the problem of pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping obstacle is solved; the three-dimensional cultivation frame is adopted to cultivate the pseudo-ginseng, so that the space utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a cultivation frame according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-vertical rod, 2-second cross rod, 3-first cross rod, 4-cultivation basket and 5-guide rail.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
s1, building a cultivation greenhouse: selecting a land with flat terrain to construct a cultivation greenhouse in the north-south direction, wherein the greenhouse is a steel structure frame, the width of the greenhouse is 10m, the height of the greenhouse is 2m, the length of the greenhouse is determined according to the terrain, a plastic film is covered on the periphery of the steel frame, a sunshade net is arranged on the roof of the greenhouse, and the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 20%;
s2, preparing a three-dimensional cultivation frame: as shown in fig. 1, the cultivation shelf comprises a first cross bar 3, a second cross bar 2, a vertical bar 1 and a cultivation basket 4, wherein the first cross bar 3, the second cross bar 2 and the vertical bar 3 are vertically connected; the cultivating basket 4 is positioned on a supporting surface formed by the first cross rod 3 and the second cross rod 2, and a plurality of layers of supporting surfaces formed by the first cross rod 3 and the second cross rod 2 are arranged on one cultivating frame; a guide rail 5 is arranged on the second cross rod 2, and the guide rail 5 is convenient for placing the cultivation basket 4 into the cultivation rack and taking the cultivation basket 4 down from the cultivation rack; the cultivation frame is arranged in the cultivation greenhouse;
s3, preparation of a culture medium: the cultivation medium comprises surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the surface soil to the farmyard manure to the microbial fertilizer is 10:2:0.1, and the surface soil and the farmyard manure are subjected to steam sterilization at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours; uniformly mixing surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial manure, and then filling the mixture into the cultivation basket; the surface soil is selected from Yunnan Wenshan region;
s4, accelerating germination of pseudo-ginseng seeds: collecting seeds of three-year-old radix Notoginseng, removing pericarp, cleaning, and air drying; wrapping the dried seeds of the pseudo-ginseng with gauze, and freezing and storing the seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of-10 ℃ for one month; paving a layer of river sand with the thickness of 2cm in a seedling culture tray, uniformly paving a layer of frozen pseudo-ginseng seeds on the river sand, paving a layer of river sand with the thickness of 1cm on the pseudo-ginseng seeds, watering, keeping the water content at 60-70%, and placing in an environment at 25 ℃ for accelerating germination;
s5, planting pseudo-ginseng: after the pseudo-ginseng seeds are broken and germinated in the step S4, sowing the seeds in a cultivation basket according to the specifications of 25cm plant spacing and 30cm row spacing, covering a layer of farmyard manure, and watering thoroughly;
s6, growth management:
50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is applied to each mu in 5 months in the first year, 10kg of microbial fertilizer is applied to each mu after one week, pseudo-ginseng is dug out of a cultivation basket after overground stems and leaves wither, then the cultivation substrate is subjected to steam sterilization at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours, the cultivation substrate is cooled to room temperature, and then the microbial fertilizer consisting of bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, namely 2:1:3, is added to the cultivation basket and mixed uniformly, the mixture is filled into the cultivation basket, the pseudo-ginseng is planted into the cultivation basket, and a layer of farmyard manure with the thickness of 1-2 cm is covered; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the microbial fertilizer is 10: 0.1;
watering thoroughly 3 months in the next year, applying 20kg of calcium fertilizer per mu for 4 months, applying 10kg of microbial fertilizer consisting of bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis 2:1:3 (weight ratio) per mu for 7 months, removing the flower shoots when the flower shoots are pulled out, applying 2kg of potassium sulfate and copper chloride per mu for 8 months, spraying 2% (m/v) magnesium sulfate solution on the leaf surfaces to the leaf surface dropping liquid, digging out the pseudo-ginseng from the cultivation basket after the overground stem leaves wither, then carrying out steam sterilization on the cultivation matrix for 4 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1Mpa, cooling the cultivation matrix to room temperature, adding plant ash and the microbial fertilizer consisting of the bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis 2:1:3 (weight ratio), uniformly mixing, putting the pseudo-ginseng into the cultivation basket, planting the pseudo-ginseng into the cultivation basket, and covering the layer of the agricultural fertilizer with the thickness of 1-2 cm; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the plant ash to the microbial fertilizer is 10:1: 0.1;
and in the third year, water is poured 3 months, 80kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied per mu for 4 months, and the weight ratio of the components of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is as follows, namely urea: potassium sulfate 4:1: 6; collecting Notoginseng flowers in 7-8 months, topdressing 30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu, digging Notoginseng after stem of Notoginseng turns yellow, removing stem and leaf and soil, and storing;
watering during the whole growth process of the pseudo-ginseng, only watering the root of the pseudo-ginseng, and not watering the leaves of the pseudo-ginseng, so as to prevent autotoxic substances from transferring into the culture medium after water is sprayed on the leaves; the weeds and the plants with the panax notoginseng diseases are found to be removed in time.
Example 2
A three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps:
s1, building a cultivation greenhouse: selecting a land with flat terrain to construct a cultivation greenhouse in the north-south direction, wherein the greenhouse is a steel structure frame, the width of the greenhouse is 15m, the height of the greenhouse is 4m, the length of the greenhouse is determined according to the terrain, glass is arranged on the steel frame, a sunshade net is arranged on the top of the greenhouse, and the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 30%;
s2, preparing a three-dimensional cultivation frame: as shown in fig. 1, the cultivation shelf comprises a first cross bar 3, a second cross bar 2, a vertical bar 1 and a cultivation basket 4, wherein the first cross bar 3, the second cross bar 2 and the vertical bar 3 are vertically connected; the cultivating basket 4 is positioned on a supporting surface formed by the first cross rod 3 and the second cross rod 2, and a plurality of layers of supporting surfaces formed by the first cross rod 3 and the second cross rod 2 are arranged on one cultivating frame; a guide rail 5 is arranged on the second cross rod 2, and the guide rail 5 is convenient for placing the cultivation basket 4 into the cultivation rack and taking the cultivation basket 4 down from the cultivation rack; the cultivation frame is arranged in the cultivation greenhouse;
s3, preparation of a culture medium: the cultivation medium comprises surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the surface soil to the farmyard manure to the microbial fertilizer is 10:2:0.1, and the surface soil and the farmyard manure are subjected to steam sterilization at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours; uniformly mixing surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial manure, and then filling the mixture into the cultivation basket; the surface soil is selected from Yunnan Wenshan region;
s4, accelerating germination of pseudo-ginseng seeds: collecting seeds of three-year-old radix Notoginseng, removing pericarp, cleaning, and air drying; wrapping the dried seeds of the pseudo-ginseng with gauze, and freezing and storing the seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of-15 ℃ for one month; spreading a layer of river sand with the thickness of 3cm in a seedling raising tray, uniformly spreading a layer of frozen pseudo-ginseng seeds on the river sand, spreading a layer of river sand with the thickness of 0.5cm on the pseudo-ginseng seeds, watering, keeping the water content at 60-70%, and placing in an environment at 15 ℃ for accelerating germination;
s5, planting pseudo-ginseng: after the pseudo-ginseng seeds are broken and germinated in the step S4, sowing the seeds in a cultivation basket according to the specifications of 25cm plant spacing and 30cm row spacing, covering a layer of farmyard manure, and watering thoroughly;
s6, growth management:
applying 40kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu in 5 months in the first year, applying 8kg of microbial fertilizer per mu after one week, digging out the pseudo-ginseng from the cultivation basket after overground stems and leaves wither, then carrying out steam sterilization on the cultivation substrate for 4 hours at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1Mpa, cooling the cultivation substrate to room temperature, adding the microbial fertilizer consisting of bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, namely 2:1:3, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture into the cultivation basket, planting the pseudo-ginseng into the cultivation basket, and paving a layer of farmyard manure with the thickness of 1-2 cm in the cultivation basket; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the microbial fertilizer is 10: 0.1;
and in the next year, 3 months, the water is thoroughly poured, 10kg of calcium fertilizer is applied to each mu in 4 months, and bacillus thuringiensis is applied to each mu in 7 months: trichoderma harzianum: 5kg of microbial fertilizer consisting of bacillus subtilis 2:1:3 (weight ratio), picking off the flower shoots when the flower shoots are drawn out, applying 3kg of potassium sulfate and copper chloride per mu in 8 months, spraying 2% (m/v) magnesium sulfate solution on the leaf surfaces until the leaf surfaces drip, digging out the pseudo-ginseng from the cultivation basket after overground stem leaves wither, then sterilizing the culture medium with steam at 121 deg.C and 0.1Mpa for 4 hr, cooling the culture medium to room temperature, adding plant ash and Bacillus thuringiensis: trichoderma harzianum: uniformly mixing microbial fertilizer consisting of bacillus subtilis 2:1:3 (weight ratio), putting into a cultivation basket, planting the pseudo-ginseng into a cultivation basket, and paving a layer of farmyard manure with the thickness of 1-2 cm in the cultivation basket; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the plant ash to the microbial fertilizer is 10:1: 0.1;
and in the third year, water is poured 3 months, 70kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied per mu for 4 months, and the weight ratio of the components of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is as follows: potassium sulfate 4:1: 6; collecting Notoginseng flowers in 7-8 months, topdressing 25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu, digging Notoginseng after stem of Notoginseng turns yellow, removing stem and leaf and soil, and storing;
watering during the whole growth process of the pseudo-ginseng, only watering the root of the pseudo-ginseng, and not watering the leaves of the pseudo-ginseng, so as to prevent autotoxic substances from transferring into the culture medium after water is sprayed on the leaves; the weeds and the plants with the panax notoginseng diseases are found to be removed in time.
Test examples
In 2013, 2 ten thousand panax notoginseng plants were planted in Kunming area of Yunnan according to the methods of examples 1 and 2, and a control group was set. The control group was planted using conventional fields and conventional methods. And (4) counting the germination rate in the germination accelerating process in 2013, and counting the survival rate and the root rot rate of the panax notoginseng before 11-month harvest in 2015. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistic results of germination rate, survival rate and root rot rate of Panax notoginseng
| Group of | Bud ratio | Survival Rate (%) | Root rot disease rate (%) |
| Example 1 | 98.23 | 98.50 | 1.12 |
| Example 2 | 97.67 | 96.90 | 1.00 |
| Control group | 88.02 | 81.12 | 16.24 |
It can be seen from the above table that the germination rate and survival rate of panax notoginseng cultivated according to examples 1 and 2 are significantly higher than those of the control group, and the root rot rate of panax notoginseng cultivated according to examples 1 and 2 is far lower than that of the control group. The cultivation method provided by the invention solves the problem of pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping obstacle.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, building a cultivation greenhouse: selecting a land with flat terrain to build a north-south cultivation greenhouse, wherein the greenhouse is a steel structure frame, the width of the greenhouse is 10-15 m, the height of the greenhouse is 2-4 m, the length of the greenhouse is determined according to the terrain, a plastic film is covered on the periphery of a steel frame or glass is arranged on the steel frame, and a sunshade net is arranged on the top of the greenhouse;
s2, preparing a three-dimensional cultivation frame: the cultivation frame comprises a first cross rod, a second cross rod, a vertical rod and a cultivation basket, wherein the first cross rod, the second cross rod and the vertical rod are vertically connected; the cultivation baskets are positioned on a supporting surface formed by the first cross bar and the second cross bar, and a plurality of layers of supporting surfaces formed by the first cross bar and the second cross bar are arranged on one cultivation shelf; the cultivation frame is arranged in the cultivation greenhouse;
s3, preparation of a culture medium: the cultivation medium comprises surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the surface soil to the farmyard manure to the microbial fertilizer is 10:2:0.1, and the surface soil and the farmyard manure are subjected to steam sterilization at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours; uniformly mixing surface soil, farmyard manure and microbial manure, and then filling the mixture into the cultivation basket; the surface soil is selected from Yunnan Wenshan region;
s4, accelerating germination of pseudo-ginseng seeds: collecting seeds of three-year-old radix Notoginseng, removing pericarp, cleaning, and air drying; wrapping the dried pseudo-ginseng seeds with gauze, and then placing the wrapped pseudo-ginseng seeds in a refrigerator at the temperature of between 15 ℃ below zero and 10 ℃ below zero for freezing for one month; paving a layer of river sand with the thickness of 2-3 cm in a seedling raising tray, uniformly paving a layer of frozen pseudo-ginseng seeds on the river sand, paving a layer of river sand with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm on the pseudo-ginseng seeds, watering, keeping the water content at 60-70%, and placing in an environment at 15-25 ℃ for accelerating germination;
s5, planting pseudo-ginseng: after the pseudo-ginseng seeds are broken and germinated in the step S4, sowing the seeds in a cultivation basket according to the specifications of 25cm plant spacing and 30cm row spacing, covering a layer of farmyard manure, and watering thoroughly;
s6, growth management:
applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 5 months in the first year, applying a microbial fertilizer one week later, digging the pseudo-ginseng out of the cultivation basket after overground stem leaves wither, then carrying out steam sterilization on the cultivation substrate at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours, cooling the cultivation substrate to room temperature, adding the microbial fertilizer, uniformly mixing, putting the mixture into the cultivation basket, planting the pseudo-ginseng into the cultivation basket, and covering a layer of farmyard manure with the thickness of 1-2 cm; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the microbial fertilizer is 10: 0.1;
watering thoroughly in 3 months in the next year, applying calcium fertilizer in 4 months, applying microbial fertilizer in 7 months, picking off the flower shoots when the flower shoots are pulled out, applying potassium sulfate and copper chloride in 8 months, spraying 2% (m/v) magnesium sulfate solution on leaf surfaces, digging out the pseudo-ginseng from the cultivation basket after overground stem leaves wither, then carrying out steam sterilization on the cultivation matrix at the temperature of 121 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1Mpa for 4 hours, cooling the cultivation matrix to room temperature, adding plant ash and the microbial fertilizer, uniformly mixing, putting into the cultivation basket, planting the pseudo-ginseng into the cultivation basket, and covering with farmyard manure with the thickness of 1-2 cm; the weight ratio of the culture medium to the plant ash to the microbial fertilizer is 10:1: 0.1;
watering thoroughly 3 months in the third year, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for 4 months, collecting Notoginseng flowers in 7-8 months, applying calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers, excavating Notoginseng after stem of the Notoginseng turns yellow, removing stem leaves and soil, and storing;
during the whole growth process of the pseudo-ginseng, weeds and pseudo-ginseng disease plants are found to be removed in time.
2. The method for three-dimensional cultivation of panax notoginseng according to claim 1, wherein the second cross bar is provided with a guide rail.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the watering is carried out only at the root of the pseudo-ginseng and not at the leaves of the pseudo-ginseng.
4. The three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 20-30%.
5. The three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: potassium sulfate 4:1: 6.
6. The three-dimensional cultivation method of pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the components of the microbial fertilizer is bacillus thuringiensis, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, 2:1: 3.
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