CN1311726C - Cultivating technology of erigeron breviscapus - Google Patents
Cultivating technology of erigeron breviscapus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a culture technique for erigeron breviscapus. The technique comprises the steps of seed processing, seedling culture, transplantation, fertilization, disease prevention and elimination and harvest. Seeds are soaked by liquid whose weight is 800 to 1200 times of that of carbendazim powder for 8 to 12 hours. 0.5 to 1.5g of seeds is sown in every 1 square meter of land for culturing seedlings. The seedlings are transplanted when the young seedlings have 6 to 8 leaves. The seedlings are transplanted according to the plant row spacing of (20+30) cm*20cm. Base fertilizer is previously applied before transplantation. Additional fertilizer is applied after the young seedlings survive. Plant diseases and insect pests are prevented and eliminated in time in the growth process. Erigeron breviscapus is finally harvested after bud emergence periods and flowering periods. The erigeron breviscapus is a traditional Chinese medicinal material for treating cardiovascular diseases. The present invention improves the yield and the quality of the medicinal material by scientific and normalized planting, and promotes the standardized and industrial development of erigeron breviscapus medicinal industry.
Description
One, technical field: plant husbandry.
Two, background technology
Fleabane flower has another name called Erigeron breviscapus (Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz.), belong to the composite family bitter fleabane and belong to wild herb, its medicine is sweet in flavor and warm in property, major function is an expelling cold and relieving exterior syndrome, the long-pending pain relieving of dispelling rheumatism, relax the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation, disappear, paralysis due to the cardio-cerebralvascular diseases and brain sequelae etc. had tangible curative effect, spend like oil lamp because of it, root has another name called erigeron breviscapus like the root of Chinese wild ginger.Because people are to the continuous growth of such pharmaceutical requirements, wild resource is in continuous minimizing, the development that can not satisfy social needs by the mode of excavating wild resource.For satisfying the demand of society to the oil lamp flower drugs, the mode of artificial planting is the effective ways that address this problem.The fleabane flower artificial planting can not only be protected wild plant, also helps the standardization and industrialization development that promotes fleabane flower.Fleabane flower mainly is distributed in Zhong Shan and the inferior high mountain of China western part and west and south height above sea level 1200～3500m, is born in open patana or border, and plant profile and individual size are changeable different, and leaf and fine hair also often changes.Its photosynthetic day process shows as bimodal curve, has " afternoon nap " phenomenon noon, is grown in the clonal photosynthetic rate in spacious meadow and is higher than the clone that is grown in the border area.Its plant general flavone content Chang Yinyuan vegetatively, change with the different months of gathering between the different parts, different plants of height above sea level, plant vegetatively.
The correlative study of relevant fleabane flower artificial planting is less.Modes such as known application organizes cultivation, water planting, division propagation and seminal propagation are bred seedling, wherein studied the collection and the storage procedures of seed, bred seedling 3～September, sowing quantity needs 200～250 gram/mus, seeding quantity be 4～5 the gram/square metre, but 60～80 days Cheng Miao.Cheng Miaohou transplants according to the transplanting specification of 15 * 20 centimetres, 20 * 20 centimetres or 20 * 30 centimetres, plants 1.5～2.0 ten thousand caves for every mu, and 2～3 strains of every cave are planted seedling 3.75～4.0 ten thousand strains for average every mu.Use N20 kilogram, P for every mu
2O
5And K
2Each 10 kilograms of O.Transplant the first year, and next year gathers, and output can reach more than 150 kilograms/mu.
Three, summary of the invention
1, the objective of the invention is the continuous growth to fleabane flower class pharmaceutical requirements, the continuous minimizing of wild resource, this problem of development that can not satisfy social needs by the mode of excavating wild resource at people.The method of artificial planting has been proposed, to satisfy the demand of society to such medicine.Can not only protect wild plant resource, promote sustainable development; Further aim of the present invention is to improve medicinal material output and quality by normalized artificial planting, promotes the standardization and industrialization development of fleabane flower medicine company.
2, technical scheme: the present invention finishes by following steps.
(1) seed treatment: seed soaking was 8～12 hours before 800～1200 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder weight were broadcast.
(2) grow seedlings: usefulness fine earth and barnyard manure are pressed 2: 1 volume ratio mixing as seedling medium, seeding quantity sowing by 0.5～1.5 gram seed/square metre soil, in after planting one month, keep moisture in the soil face relative moisture of the soil at 70-80%,, watered once in 2～3 days in order to emerging.Two leaves begin the hardening of ventilating wholeheartedly the time, ventilate to ascendingly progressively taking exercise.Growing period finds that plant takes off fertilizer, and growth rate is crossed when slow, and the urea of used weight percentage concentration 0.2%～0.3% sprays and imposes.Seedling enters the 6-8 leaf phase and can become transplantation of seedlings after 80-100 days.
(3) transplant: field planting turned over the ground of cutting the earth in preceding 7～10 days, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, smooth, by 1.8 meters furrow, and 1.5 meters of furrow face widths, 0.3 meter of furrow width, 0.2 meter of ditch depth becomes high furrow to hang down ditch.After the furrow face was smooth, basal dressing by the seeding row spacing plantation of 20 centimetres of (20+30) cm x, was planted seedling 1.2～1.5 ten thousand caves for every mu, and every cave plants seedling 1 strain, plants seedling 1.2～1.5 ten thousand strains for average every mu.
(4) fertilising: 1. before transplanting in conjunction with wholely every mu use 3000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures, 80 kilograms of superphosphate, and clay fertilizer is in contact with one another by turning over the shoveling piece, mix the well-balanced base manure that is used as.2. fleabane flower needs spraying fertilizer after days seedling of 20-28 after the transplanting survives, and adopts 5～7 kilograms of/mu row replacements of urea.When entering vigorous vegetative growth phase, be 6 kilograms/mu and 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing row replacements of potassium sulphate with urea.Tap the back at every turn and use 6 kilograms/mu in urea and 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing row replacements of potassium sulphate in one week.
(5) extermination of disease and insect pest: 1. select ground: land used should be selected loam and sandy soil plantation.2. keep rural area cleaning, remove invalid plant, weeds fleabane flower growing period and will accomplish that duty is looked into and early control that field growing has weeds and diseased plant occurs and should in time remove by hand.This can improve the field microclimate condition, reduces the chance that pathogen quantity and germ are infected once more, creates to help the fleabane flower growth, is unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease takes place, and reduces the generation of disease.For the plot of planting fleabane flower for the first time, turn over plow harrow ground with the soil that fully is exposed to the sun in the time in the beginning of spring, reduce the quantity in worm source; In time gather in conjunction with field management for the plot that has planted, invalid body is in time removed and is concentrated and burn, to reduce the quantity of disease.Do the spraying of moisture in the soil face at the bactericide of selecting some wide spectrums for use then, as fenaminosulf, carbendazim etc.3. chemical control fleabane flower growing period will be checked damage by disease and insect in 3～5 days a situation arises.If weather conditions have satisfied the demand that disease takes place, and fragmentary scab occurs, promptly should be at 3 days with interior dispenser control.Method is: fleabane flower downy mildew: remove the disease leaf; concentrate and burn; overcast and rainy continuously foggy application bordeaux mixture protection; every 7～10 days once; 2-3 time continuously, at the initial stage of a disease with 500～600 times of liquid of concentration expressed in percentage by weight 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn and 600-800 times of liquid spraying of concentration expressed in percentage by weight 75% tpn wetting powder.Fleabane flower rust: remove invalid body, concentrate and burn, protect with bordeaux mixture before and after the bolting phase; their early stage is with 50% powder, 500～800 times of liquid of clear wetting powder that become rusty; 500～800 times of liquid sprayings of 15% triadimefon wetting powder, harvesting in time reduces the aeciospore amount.Fleabane flower leaf-curl: must restrain 800～1000 times of liquid sprayings with 3.95% virus.Find that in addition aphid is in time with ten thousand spirit controls.The fleabane flower root-knot nematode: must restrain in sowing or before transplanting with nematode and to do soil treatment, 0.5～1.0 kilogram of every mu of usefulness is mixed soil and is done the moisture in the soil face and spread fertilizer over the fields.Above-mentioned medicament and prescription should be used alternatingly or rationally use with.Per twice dispenser interlude is 5～10 days, and every kind of agricultural chemicals access times in a year are no more than at most five times, and last dispenser should be apart from fleabane flower picking time more than 30 days.
(6) optimal harvest time: optimal harvest time is to arrive full-bloom stage squaring period.
(7) technical-economic index that reaches: emergence rate reaches more than 20%.After planting 80～100 days, seedling 6～8 leaves, 14～20 centimetres of plant heights, long 8～11 centimetres of root, no scab, growth potential is excellent.Transplant 40～42 days boltings in back, buddingged in 47～51 days, bloomed in 54～56 days.Plant height 45.1 (± 1.0) cm, basal leaf long 16.6 (± 0.6) cm, wide by 2.65 (± 0.08) cm, stem leaf long 6.63 (± 0.26) cm, wide by 1.18 (± 0.07) cm, the individual plant branch amount is 18.2 ± (0.3), individual plant flower number is 49.4 (± 1.4) piece.Transplant the back and can tap for three times in 40～60 days, 70～100 days, 110～150 days, output is 200 kilograms/mu of open countrys, 300 kilograms/mu on protection ground.Scutellarin content 〉=1.5%, impurity content is≤3.0%.Persticide residue is low, reaches industry standard WM2-2001 " medicinal plant and preparation the export green industry standard " requirement of The Ministry of the Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People's Republic of China, MOFTEC.
3, compare the advantage that this invention has with known technology
(1) this technology then more comprehensive and systematically with regard to the fleabane flower seed treatment, sow, grow seedlings, transplant, aspects such as fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, timely collecting have formed the comparatively perfect planting technology system of a cover.Simultaneously, also more deep on the research degree, all carry out comparatively detailed research on each sport technique segment and formed concrete and abundant technical connotation.
(2) stable high yield shows that through years of researches and development result this technology can obtain 200 kilograms of open country per unit area yields, the output that protection ground is 300 kilograms.
(3) medical material quanlity is good, the fleabane flower scutellarin of the present invention's plantation is more than 1.5%, average out to 1.9%, impurity content is below 3%, persticide residue is low, reaches industry standard WM2-2001 " medicinal plant and preparation the export green industry standard " requirement of The Ministry of the Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People's Republic of China, MOFTEC.
(4) standardization and standardization, this technical system are clear and definite some key techniques of fleabane flower planting process.Can realize normalizing operation.
Four, embodiment
Example 1:2003 on 3.2 mu of well-drained red soil that face south, broadcasts preceding seed soaking 12 hour with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder in fleabane flower planting base, Luxi County maincenter town numerous mountains company hamlet 2～October.Press fine earth and barnyard manure by 2: 1 volume ratio mixing as matrix, 1 gram/square metre seeding quantity sowing, cover with pine tag and to grow seedlings, when seedling all sprouts, can throw off 1/3rd pine tag, all taken off when throwing off 1/3rd, three true leaves when seedling grows to two true leaves again.Urea with 0.2% sprays and imposes.Emergence rate is that seedling entered for 6～8 leaf phases and can become transplantation of seedlings after 29.3%, 100 day.Cheng Miaohou transplants 60 mu in this base, and field planting selected fine day in time to turn in preceding 10 days and dig, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, smooth, plays furrow by 1.8m, furrow face width 1.5m, and furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.2m, high furrow hang down ditch.After the furrow face is smooth,, turns over after 80 kilograms/even the spreading fertilizer over the fields per mu of superphosphate and dig with 3000 kilograms/mu of well-rotted farmyard manures.By the seeding row spacing plantation of (20+30) cm * 20cm, plant seedling 1.3 ten thousand strains for every mu.Transplant 5 kilograms of urea bars of back 20 days every mu of usefulness and impose on the moisture in the soil face, 50 days is 6 kilograms/mu and 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing row replacements of potassium sulphate with urea.Keep the rural area cleaning, remove invalid plant, weeds, early July sprays 2-3 time with bordeaux mixture continuously, and late July becomes rusty with 500 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn and 50% powder and sprays 1-2 time after 500 times of liquid of clear wetting powder are converted water.Transplanting back 81 days plant enters initial bloom stage and gathers.Tapping back 4 days is that 6 kilograms/mu and 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing bars of potassium sulphate impose on the moisture in the soil face with urea, transplants the back and taps for the second time in 111～114 days, taps and topdresses once in back 6 days, transplants the back and taps for the last time in 143～146 days.The result reaches 314.6 kilograms for every per mu yield, and scutellarin content is 2.04%.Impurity content is 1.78%.Persticide residue and content of beary metal are all up to standard.
Example 2:2003 does fleabane flower planting base, mountain company three river 2～October in Luxi County San He town, on 11.2 mu of well-drained yellow earth that face south, broadcast preceding seed soaking 10 hours with 800 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder.Press fine earth and barnyard manure by 2: 1 volume ratio mixing as matrix, 1 gram/square metre the seeding quantity sowing, cover with pine tag and to grow seedlings.When seedling all sprouts, can throw off 1/3rd pine tag, all take off when throwing off 1/3rd, three true leaves when seedling grows to two true leaves again.Watered once in later 2～3 days.Spray with 0.3% urea when seedling is neat and impose, emergence rate is 23.7%.Seedling entered for 6～8 leaf phases and can become transplantation of seedlings after 90 days.Simultaneously transplant 235 mu in base, three rivers, field planting selected fine day in time to turn in preceding 7～10 days and digs, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, smooth, played furrow by 1.8m, furrow face width 1.5m, and furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.2m, high furrow hang down ditch.After the furrow face is smooth, turns over after spreading fertilizer over the fields with 3000 kilograms/mu of well-rotted farmyard manures and 80 kilograms of/mu mixings of superphosphate and dig.By the seeding row spacing plantation of (20+30) cm * 20cm, plant seedling 1.4 ten thousand strains for every mu.Transplant every mu of back 25～28 days and impose on the moisture in the soil face with 7 kilograms of bars of urea, 53～59 days is that 6 kilograms/mu and 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing bars of potassium sulphate impose on the moisture in the soil face with urea.Keep the rural area cleaning, remove invalid plant, weeds, early July sprays 2-3 time with bordeaux mixture continuously, and late July becomes rusty with 600 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn and 50% powder and sprays 1-2 time behind 600 times of liquid of clear wetting powder.Transplanting back 85 days plant enters full-bloom stage and gathers.Tapping back 6 days is that 6 kilograms/mu, 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing bars of potassium sulphate impose on the moisture in the soil face with urea, transplants the back and taps for the second time in 111～114 days, taps and topdresses once in back 5 days, transplants the back and taps for the last time in 143～147 days.The result reaches 324.5 kilograms for every per mu yield, and scutellarin content is 1.98%.Impurity content is 2.06%.Persticide residue and content of beary metal are all up to standard.
Example 3:2002 on 2 mu of well-drained red soil that face south, broadcasts preceding seed soaking 12 hour with 1000 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder in Luxi County maincenter town numerous mountains company fleabane flower planting base 2～May.Press fine earth and barnyard manure by 2: 1 volume ratio mixing as matrix, 1.5 grams/square metre the seeding quantity sowing, cover with pine tag and to grow seedlings.When seedling all sprouts, can throw off 1/3rd pine tag, all take off when throwing off 1/3rd, three true leaves when seedling grows to two true leaves again.Watered once in later 2～3 days.Spray with 0.2% urea during neat seedling and impose, emergence rate is 26.7%.Seedling entered for 6～8 leaf phases and can become transplantation of seedlings after 80 days.31.6 mu of red soils that Cheng Miaohou is transplanted to Long Dian village, maincenter town 6 family peasant households 6～November on the ground, field planting turned over and digs, suns the earth which has been ploughed up in preceding 7～8 days, smooth, played furrow by 1.8m, furrow face width 1.5m, furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.2m.After the furrow face is smooth, dig with turning over after 3000 kilograms/mu of well-rotted farmyard manures and 80 kilograms/even the spreading fertilizer over the fields per mu of superphosphate.By the seeding row spacing plantation of (20+30) cm * 20cm, plant seedling 1.4 ten thousand strains for every mu.Transplant and imposed on the moisture in the soil face with 5～7 kilograms of urea bars in back 23 days, 53 days is that 6 kilograms/mu, 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing bars of potassium sulphate impose on the moisture in the soil face with urea.Keep the rural area cleaning, remove invalid plant, weeds, early July sprays 2-3 time with bordeaux mixture continuously, and late July becomes rusty with 600 times of liquid of 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn and 50% powder and sprays 1-2 time after 600 times of liquid of clear wetting powder are converted water.Transplanting back 83 days plant enters initial bloom stage and gathers for the first time.Tapping back 7 days is that 6 kilograms/mu, 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing bars of potassium sulphate impose on the moisture in the soil face with urea, transplant the back gathered for the second time in 111～116 days, tapping back 8 days is that 6 kilograms/mu, 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixings of potassium sulphate topdress once with urea, transplants after back 154 days squaring period and gathers for the last time to full-bloom stage.The result reaches 187.9 kilograms for every per mu yield, and scutellarin content is 1.72%.Impurity content is 2.91%.Persticide residue and content of beary metal are all up to standard.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of fleabane flower kind method for planting is characterized in that method is finished by following step:
(1) seed treatment: seed soaking was 8～12 hours before 800～1200 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder weight were broadcast;
(2) grow seedlings: usefulness fine earth and barnyard manure are pressed 2: 1 volume ratio mixing as seedling medium, seeding quantity sowing by 0.5～1.5 gram seed/square metre soil, after planting cover and grow seedlings with pine tag, when all sprouting, throws off seedling 1/3rd pine tag, when growing to two true leaves, seedling throws off 1/3rd again, all taken off during three true leaves, in after planting one month, keep moisture in the soil face relative moisture of the soil at 70-80%, watered once in 2～3 days, two leaves begin the hardening of ventilating wholeheartedly the time, and seedling enters the 6-8 leaf phase and can become transplantation of seedlings after 80-100 days;
(3) transplant: field planting turned over the ground of cutting the earth in preceding 7～10 days, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, smooth, played furrow by 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters of furrow face widths, and 0.3 meter of furrow width, 0.2 meter of ditch depth becomes high furrow hang down ditch, and after the furrow face was smooth, basal dressing was pressed the seeding row spacing of 20 centimetres of (20+30) cm x and is planted;
(4) fertilising: 1. before transplanting in conjunction with wholely every mu use base manure, and clay fertilizer is in contact with one another by turning over the shoveling piece, mix, 2. fleabane flower needs spraying fertilizer after days seedling of 20-28 after the transplanting survives, and also needs the bar spraying fertilizer at vigorous vegetative growth phase and after tapping at every turn in the week;
(5) the discovery damage by disease and insect is in time administered, chemical prevention and control method is a fleabane flower downy mildew: remove the disease leaf, concentrate and burn, overcast and rainy continuously foggy application bordeaux mixture protection, every 7～10 days once, 2-3 time continuously, use 500～600 times of liquid of concentration expressed in percentage by weight 58% metalaxyl-mn-zn at the initial stage of a disease, 600-800 times of liquid spraying of concentration expressed in percentage by weight 75% tpn wetting powder; Fleabane flower rust: remove invalid body, concentrate and burn, protect with bordeaux mixture before and after the bolting phase, their early stage is with 50% powder, 500～800 times of liquid of clear wetting powder that become rusty, 500～800 times of liquid sprayings of 15% triadimefon wetting powder, harvesting in time reduces the aeciospore amount; Fleabane flower leaf-curl: must restrain 800～1000 times of liquid sprayings with 3.95% virus; Find that in addition aphid prevents and treats with ten thousand spirits, the fleabane flower root-knot nematode must restrain in sowing or before transplanting with nematode and do soil treatment, 0.5～1.0 kilogram of every mu of usefulness is mixed soil and is done the moisture in the soil face and spread fertilizer over the fields, above-mentioned medicament and prescription should be used alternatingly or use with, per twice dispenser interlude is 5～10 days, every kind of agricultural chemicals access times in a year are no more than at most five times, and last dispenser should be apart from fleabane flower picking time more than 30 days;
(6) growing to squaring period is picking time to full-bloom stage.
2, fleabane flower kind method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the growing period of growing seedlings finds that growth rate crosses when slow, sprays with the urea of concentration expressed in percentage by weight 0.2%～0.3% to impose.
3, fleabane flower kind method for planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that, plants seedling 1.2～1.5 ten thousand caves for every mu, and every cave plants seedling 1 strain.
4, want 1 described fleabane flower kind method for planting according to right, it is characterized in that, base manure is every mu and uses 3000 kilograms of well-rotted farmyard manures and 80 kilograms of superphosphate, topdress and be 5～7 kilograms of/mu row replacements of urea, when entering vigorous vegetative growth phase urea is 6 kilograms/mu and 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing row replacements of potassium sulphate, taps the back at every turn and uses 6 kilograms/mu in urea and 6.4 kilograms of/mu mixing row replacements of potassium sulphate in one week.
5, according to each described fleabane flower kind method for planting among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described plantation soil property is red soil or yellow soil or sandy soil.
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| CN101243751B (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2010-06-02 | 云南大学 | Artificial cultivation method for controlling total flavone of erigeron breviscapus and total caffeic acid ester content |
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