CN103477837B - Erigeron breviscapus cultivating method for increasing content of breviscapinum - Google Patents
Erigeron breviscapus cultivating method for increasing content of breviscapinum Download PDFInfo
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- CN103477837B CN103477837B CN201310423126.5A CN201310423126A CN103477837B CN 103477837 B CN103477837 B CN 103477837B CN 201310423126 A CN201310423126 A CN 201310423126A CN 103477837 B CN103477837 B CN 103477837B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an erigeron breviscapus cultivating method for increasing the content of breviscapinum, and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine planting technologies. The erigeron breviscapus cultivating method is characterized in that endophyte strains which are separated from wild erigeron breviscapus plants are selected and are subjected to artificial liquid-state fermentation to obtain endophyte liquid. The erigeron breviscapus cultivating method includes 1, soaking seeds in the endophyte liquid by 10-18 hours before the seeds are sown, draining the seeds, drying water on the surfaces of the seeds and then sowing the seeds; 2, moistening roots of seedlings with the endophyte liquid while transplanting the seedlings. Other cultivating management measures are conventional and can be adjusted according to local conditions. The micro-ecology of the host plants can be adjusted by the aid of endophyte in the plants, so that the breviscapinum synthesis ability of the erigeron breviscapus plants can be improved, growth of the erigeron breviscapus plants can be promoted, and the stress tolerance of the erigeron breviscapus plants can be improved. Besides, the content of the breviscapinum, which is a medicinal component, of the erigeron breviscapus cultivated by the erigeron breviscapus cultivating method can be increased by about 30%, the yield per unit of the erigeron breviscapus can be increased by about 20%, and the stress tolerance of the erigeron breviscapus can be improved. The erigeron breviscapus cultivating method has the advantages of simplicity in operation, good quality, high yield and economical benefit, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fleabane flower cultivation method improving Breviscapinun content, belong to traditional Chinese medicine planting technology field.
Background technology
Fleabane flower be feverfew Erigeron breviscapus (
erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) Hand-Mazz) herb, have another name called erigeron breviscapus, oil lamp chrysanthemum etc., main product in Yunnan, be the eighties Yunnan excavate a kind of peculiar medicinal plants.Fleabane flower has the removing toxic substances that is slightly cold, dispels rheumatism, effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, anti-inflammatory analgetic.Current fleabane injection is clinically except being mainly used in diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems; the treatment of diabetes, ephrosis, cervical vertigo, geriatric disease also there is good curative effect; one of required medicines for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease are become; be decided to be the indispensable Chinese patent drug of national institute of traditional Chinese medicine emergency treatment; be classified as national Chinese medicine protection kind, have broad application prospects in pharmaceutical industry.Research proves, the main active of fleabane flower is Breviscapinun (breviscapine, Bre), for Flavonoid substances, be mainly scutellarin (Scutellarin) and oil lamp A prime (Apigenin), wherein lamp-dish flower acetic content is higher, in dry medicinal material, be about 5.7mg/g.
Though fleabane flower has realized extensive artificial planting now, all there has been planting base on the ground such as Red River, mountain of papers, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Qujing, Dali, Lijing of the southern regions of the Yunnan Province, Yunnan Province and the western regions of the Yunnan Province.The active constituent content of general wild fleabane flower is 0.40-0.50%, tamely reaches 0.80-2.90%, and the active constituent content of the fleabane flower of Red River plantation is higher, exceeds 37% to 50% than other areas.But seed is few, price is high, culture technique difficulty is large, the injured susceptible lethality of plant is high, plant biological yield is low, and active constituent content is low, lacks improved seeds and comparatively ripe culture technique, seriously constrain the development of fleabane flower, the output of fleabane flower and Breviscapinun can not be met the need of market far away.At present, meet market to the approach of scutellarin demand except expansion fleabane flower cultivated area, how improving the content of scutellarin in the fleabane flower of artificial planting, is a crucial matter of science and technology expecting to solve very much.
Endophyte refers to that a class survives in health plant organization internal in its part or all of history of life, and does not make host plant show the microorganism of obvious infection symptoms.Endophyte is the natural part of plant microecosystem.Forefathers' research shows, due to the coevolution of endophyte of plant and host plant, endophyte can produce the material identical with host plant, also can promote the generation of host plant active component or accumulation, promotion host plant grows, improve host to modes such as the resistances of biotic or abiotic stress, promote the formation of high-quality genunie medicinal materials, its principle utilizes endophyte as carrier, by ectogenic channel genes host plant.Our early-stage Study finds: the endophyte of fleabane flower with Fusarium (
fusarium sp.) (fungi), Alternaria (
alternaria sp.) (fungi) and streptomyces (
streptom yces) (actinomycetes), bacillus (Bacillus) (bacterium) be dominant population, they have synthesis and promote the ability of fleabane flower synthesis Breviscapinun.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the problems such as the plant biological yield existed for current fleabane flower manual scale planting is low, active constituent content is low, the injured susceptible lethality of plant is high, a kind of fleabane flower cultivation method of simple to operate, output is high, Breviscapinun content is high, good in economic efficiency good quality and high output is provided.
Select the endophyte bacterial strain be separated in wild fleabane flower plant, artificial liquid state fermentation obtains the endophyte bacterium liquid of mixing; Use endophyte bacterium immersion kind 10-18 hour prior to seeding, pull out and dry the surface of the seed moisture, after sow again; When transplanting, be stained with root with endophyte bacterium liquid, with being stained with cultivation; All the other cultivation management measures, with conventional, are suited measures to local conditions.The fleabane flower of the method cultivation, its medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content improves about 30%, and per unit area yield increases about 10%, and resistance strengthens.Concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) select to produce the active high endophyte of Breviscapinun from 3 strains of separating and preserving in wild fleabane flower plant: fusarium, streptomycete, bacillus (3 strain bacterium are by the separation of Institute of Micro-biology of Yunnan Province, qualification, preservation), after adopting conventional liquid zymotechnique to ferment separately, be mixed into mixing endophyte bacterium liquid in the ratio of 1:2:2.
(2) after completing, prior to seeding wholely, with above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid at 30-35 DEG C of seed soaking 10-18 hour, pull out after drying the surface of the seed moisture, broadcast sowing nursery.
(3) to emerge 60-80 days, transplant at the cloudy day.During transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.Endophyte bacterium liquid is joined in normal root water and irrigates.
(4) by known conventional cultivation method carry out whole, sow, transplant, shade, apply fertilizer, diseases prevention insect protected, the administrative skill such as draining, intertill and clean tillage of pouring water measure.
(5), after transplanting 60-80 days (when breeding time reaches 130-150 days), after fleabane flower enters initial bloom stage, gather in time.Otherwise output and scutellarin content can decline.
Use the cultivation method that this invents, its medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content reaches about 3.0%, improves about 30% than conventional cultivation method; Per mu yield fleabane flower medicinal material dry product reaches more than 360 kilograms, and per unit area yield increases about 20%; Resistance strengthens, and damage by disease and insect obviously reduces.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In May, 2012, in planting base, Institute of Medical Plants of academy of agricultural sciences, little Shao Yunnan Province, Kunming, plant 30 square metres, seed is provided by Yunnan Biological Valley Breviscapin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd..
Wherein, 10 square metres adopt known conventional cultivation method, that is:
1, nursery:
(1) wholely: plough deeply 20 cm, hack, rake rake carefully; Execute decomposed manure 3,000 thousand grams/acre, composite fertilizer 30,000 grams/acre makes base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, furrow furrow width 30 centimetres, and accomplish that furrow face is smooth, upturned soil is in small, broken bits, up-small and down-big, excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower.
(2) seed treatment: seed is exposed to the sun 3 hours in the sun, with the water seed soaking 12 hours of about 30 DEG C, then uses 50% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion kinds 2 hours.Seed is pulled out, is placed to surface moisture slightly dry, be mixed in thin wet sand and mix thoroughly.
(3) soil disinfection: the 1:1 carbendazim with 0.2% and fenaminosulf mixed liquor carry out soil disinfection.
(4) sow: broadcast sowing nursery, seeding quantity 2 grams/m, after evenly sowing seeds, cover 0.5 centimetre with mull, finally with pine tag or rice straw mulching, and water, then cover film.
(5) managing: from being seeded into the little cross phase, water every day once, keeping ground moistening, keep water content at 70-80%; The grand cross phase, be watered pouring 1 time with composite fertilizer 6,000 grams/acre, drench once, in case seedling of burning with clear water after fertilising; Entering the grand cross phase starts hardening, takes off film and ventilates and ascendingly progressively to take exercise; Enter Fast-growing stage, take off film completely; By " close stay rare, weak stay strong " principle thinning; Transplant first 15 days, start suitably to control fertilizer, control water.
2, field production
(1) wholely: plough deeply 25 cm, hack, rake rake carefully; Execute decomposed manure 2,500 thousand grams/acre, composite fertilizer 25,000 grams/acre, general calcium 30,000 grams/acre makes base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, furrow furrow width 30 centimetres; Require intensive cultivation, topsoil is fully loose in small, broken bits, and degree of tightness is suitable.
(2) transplant: when height of seedling 8 cm, occur 8 true leaves, start to occur axillalry bud, transplant when seedling age reaches 70 days; Balled transplanting, with getting with cultivation; Seeding row spacing 10 × 20 centimetres, every mu of 2.5-2.7 ten thousand strain; Irrigate normal root water, cover the thing that shelters from heat or light.
3, land for growing field crops field management
(1) to pour water draining: remain ground moistening, prevent field ponding.
(2) intertill and clean tillage: carry out 2-3 intertill and clean tillage in branch budding period and initial bloom stage, remove weeds in time.
(3) topdress: by a small amount of principle repeatedly.Transplant and within latter 10 days, carry out first time and impose, every mu, with urea 3 kilograms+superphosphate 5 kilograms+potassium sulfate 2 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and within latter 25 days, carry out second time and topdress, every mu, with urea 5 kilograms+superphosphate 7 kilograms+potassium sulfate 3 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and within latter 45 days, carry out third time and topdress, every mu of urea 5 kilograms+superphosphate 7 kilograms+potassium sulfate 3 kilograms, is watered to water and executes.Carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.
(4) diseases prevention insect protected: the 1:1 carbendazim with 0.1% and fenaminosulf mixed liquor carry out prevention three times in 10,25,45 days after transplanting.
(5) bud is plucked: select fine day regularly to extract bud noon.
(6) harvested management: should note reducing the damage of young shoot during harvesting as far as possible and preventing plant to pull up, should carry out in time topdressing, pour water, weed with a hoe, the field management work such as diseases prevention insect protected after harvesting, impels its early growth and quick tiller.
4, gather and process
After transplanting 60-80 days (when breeding time reaches 130-150 days), after fleabane flower enters initial bloom stage, carry out first time in time and gather, otherwise output and scutellarin content can decline.To cede territory upper part from root 1-2 centimeters with reaping hook when gathering, tap and be placed in frame, dry in time.After gathering 5 days for the first time, weed a garden, every mu of urea 8 kilograms+superphosphate 8 kilograms+potassium sulfate 4 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; After 45 days, carry out second time and gather.After second time is gathered latter 5 days, weed a garden, every mu of urea 10 kilograms+superphosphate 10 kilograms+potassium sulfate 5 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; After 50 days, carry out second time and gather.
Use above technology, plant 10 square metres, fresh goods 9.6 kilograms of gathering for the first time, is processed into dry product 2.2 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 2.54%; Second time is gathered fresh goods 6.7 kilograms, is processed into dry product 1.4 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 2.21%; Third time gathers fresh goods 4.8 kilograms, is processed into dry product 1.0 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 1.95%.
In addition, 20 square metres have employed cultivation method of the present invention: on the basis adopting above-mentioned known culture technique, add by endophyte bacterium immersion kind and are stained with root link, that is:
1, while arrangement seedling ground, select to produce the active high endophyte of Breviscapinun from 3 strains of separating and preserving in wild fleabane flower plant: fusarium, streptomycete, bacillus, after adopting conventional liquid zymotechnique to ferment separately, be mixed into mixed bacteria liquid in the ratio of 1:2:2.
2, prior to seeding, with above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid 30 DEG C of seed soaking 12 hours, pull out after drying the surface of the seed moisture, broadcast sowing nursery.
3, emerge 70 days, transplant at the cloudy day.During transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.Residue endophyte bacterium liquid is joined in normal root water and irrigates.
Adopt the technology of the present invention, plant 20 square metres, fresh goods 22.1 kilograms of gathering for the first time, be processed into dry product 5.4 kilograms, Breviscapinun content reaches 3.32%; Second time is gathered fresh goods 14.5 kilograms, is processed into dry product 3.5 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 3.16%; Third time gathers fresh goods 10.6 kilograms, is processed into dry product 2.4 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 2.78%.Medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content reaches 3.16%, improves 36.80% than known conventional cultivation method; Per mu yield fleabane flower medicinal material dry product reaches more than 377 kilograms, and per unit area yield increases by 22.8%; Resistance strengthens, and damage by disease and insect obviously reduces.
Embodiment 2:
In October, 2012, in planting base, Institute of Medical Plants of academy of agricultural sciences, little Shao Yunnan Province, Kunming, plant 2 mu, seed is gathered by the field of planting last time and obtains.
Wherein, 1 mu adopts known conventional cultivation method, that is:
1, nursery:
(1) meticulous wholely: plough deeply 20 cm, hack, rake of raking be thin; Execute decomposed manure 3,000 thousand grams/acre, composite fertilizer 30,000 grams/acre makes base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, furrow furrow width 30 centimetres, and accomplish that furrow face is smooth, upturned soil is in small, broken bits, up-small and down-big, excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower.
(2) seed treatment: seed is exposed to the sun 3 hours in the sun, with the water seed soaking 18 hours of about 35 DEG C, then uses 50% carbendazim, 500 times of immersion kinds 1 hour.Seed is pulled out, is placed to surface moisture slightly dry, be mixed in thin wet sand and mix thoroughly.
(3) soil disinfection: the 1:1 carbendazim with 0.2% and fenaminosulf mixed liquor carry out soil disinfection.
(4) sow: broadcast sowing nursery, seeding quantity 2 grams/m, after evenly sowing seeds, cover 0.5 centimetre with mull, finally with pine tag or rice straw mulching, and water, then cover film.
(5) managing: from being seeded into the little cross phase, water every day once, keeping ground moistening, keep water content at 70-80%; The grand cross phase, be watered pouring 1 time with composite fertilizer 6,000 grams/acre, drench once, in case seedling of burning with clear water after fertilising; Entering the grand cross phase starts hardening, takes off film and ventilates and ascendingly progressively to take exercise; Enter Fast-growing stage, take off film completely; By " close stay rare, weak stay strong " principle thinning; Transplant first 15 days, start suitably to control fertilizer, control water.
2, field production
(1) wholely: plough deeply 25 cm, hack, rake rake carefully; Execute decomposed manure 2,500 thousand grams/acre, composite fertilizer 25,000 grams/acre, general calcium 30,000 grams/acre makes base manure; Furrow are done in leveling, and furrow are wide 2 meters, furrow furrow width 30 centimetres; Require intensive cultivation, topsoil is fully loose in small, broken bits, and degree of tightness is suitable.
(2) transplant: when height of seedling 8 cm, occur 8 true leaves, start to occur axillalry bud, transplant when seedling age reaches 80 days; Balled transplanting, with getting with cultivation; Seeding row spacing 10 × 20 centimetres, every mu of 2.5-2.7 ten thousand strain; Irrigate normal root water, cover the thing that shelters from heat or light.
3, land for growing field crops field management
(1) to pour water draining: remain ground moistening, prevent field ponding.
(2) intertill and clean tillage: carry out 2-3 intertill and clean tillage in branch budding period and initial bloom stage, remove weeds in time.
(3) topdress: by a small amount of principle repeatedly.Transplant and within latter 10 days, carry out first time and impose, every mu, with urea 3 kilograms+superphosphate 5 kilograms+potassium sulfate 2 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and within latter 25 days, carry out second time and topdress, every mu, with urea 5 kilograms+superphosphate 7 kilograms+potassium sulfate 3 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; Transplant and within latter 45 days, carry out third time and topdress, every mu of urea 5 kilograms+superphosphate 7 kilograms+potassium sulfate 3 kilograms, is watered to water and executes.Carry out in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage.
(4) diseases prevention insect protected: the 1:1 carbendazim with 0.1% and fenaminosulf mixed liquor carry out prevention three times in 10,25,45 days after transplanting.
(5) bud is plucked: select fine day regularly to extract bud noon.
(6) harvested management: should note reducing the damage of young shoot during harvesting as far as possible and preventing plant to pull up, should carry out in time topdressing, pour water, weed with a hoe, the field management work such as diseases prevention insect protected after harvesting, impels its early growth and quick tiller.
4, gather and process
After transplanting 60-80 days (when breeding time reaches 130-150 days), after fleabane flower enters initial bloom stage, carry out first time in time and gather, otherwise output and scutellarin content can decline.To cede territory upper part from root 1-2 centimeters with reaping hook when gathering, tap and be placed in frame, dry in time.After gathering 5 days for the first time, weed a garden, every mu of urea 8 kilograms+superphosphate 8 kilograms+potassium sulfate 4 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; After 45 days, carry out second time and gather.After second time is gathered latter 5 days, weed a garden, every mu of urea 10 kilograms+superphosphate 10 kilograms+potassium sulfate 5 kilograms, is watered to water and executes; After 50 days, carry out second time and gather.
Use above technology, plant 1 mu, fresh goods 561 kilograms of gathering for the first time, is processed into dry product 125 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 2.50%; Second time is gathered fresh goods 459 kilograms, is processed into dry product 102 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 2.18%; Third time gathers fresh goods 318 kilograms, is processed into dry product 74 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 1.81%.
In addition, 1 mu have employed cultivation method of the present invention: on the basis adopting above-mentioned known culture technique, adds with the seed soaking of endophyte mixed liquor and is stained with root link, that is:
1, while arrangement seedling ground, select to produce the active high endophyte of Breviscapinun from 3 strains of separating and preserving in wild fleabane flower plant: fusarium, streptomycete, bacillus, after adopting conventional liquid zymotechnique to ferment separately, be mixed into endophyte bacterium liquid in the ratio of 1:2:2.
2, prior to seeding, with above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid 35 DEG C of seed soaking 18 hours, pull out after drying the surface of the seed moisture, broadcast sowing nursery.
3, emerge 80 days, transplant at the cloudy day.During transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation.Residue endophyte bacterium liquid is joined in normal root water and irrigates.
Adopt the technology of the present invention, plant 1 mu, fresh goods 710 kilograms of gathering for the first time, be processed into dry product 158 kilograms, Breviscapinun content reaches 3.25%; Second time is gathered fresh goods 567 kilograms, is processed into dry product 126 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 3.01%; Third time gathers fresh goods 409 kilograms, is processed into dry product 91 kilograms, Breviscapinun content 2.41%.Medicinal ingredient Breviscapinun content reaches 2.97%, improves 33.58% than known conventional cultivation method; Per mu yield fleabane flower medicinal material dry product reaches more than 375 kilograms, and per unit area yield increases by 24.58%; Resistance strengthens, and damage by disease and insect obviously reduces.
Claims (2)
1. improve a fleabane flower cultivation method for Breviscapinun content, comprise wholely, seed treatment, sowing and transplanting, field management, gather and process, it is characterized in that:
(1) before sowing, adopt fleabane flower endophyte bacterium liquid, at 30-35 DEG C of seed soaking 10-18 hour, pull out after drying the surface of the seed moisture and sow;
(2), when transplanting, fleabane flower endophyte bacterium liquid is adopted to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation;
(3) emerge 70 days, transplant at the cloudy day, during transplanting, after lifting, band soil adopts above-mentioned endophyte bacterium liquid to be stained with root, with being stained with cultivation, residue endophyte bacterium liquid being joined in normal root water and irrigates;
Wherein said fleabane flower endophyte bacterium liquid is the endophyte bacterial strain selecting to be separated to from wild fleabane flower plant inside: fusarium, streptomycete and bacillus.
2. fleabane flower cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described fusarium, streptomycete and bacillus microorganism fluid zymotechnique conveniently ferments separately, mix in the ratio of 1:2:2.
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| CN104380953B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-03-02 | 弥渡县众联中药材种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of method of plastic greenhouse cultivation fleabane flower |
| CN107254504A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-10-17 | 云南大学 | A kind of method that microbial bacterial agent improves lamp-dish flower acetic content |
| CN115708462B (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2024-09-24 | 云南师范大学 | Standardized planting method for improving content of active ingredients of pterodontoseisis plants |
| CN116308148B (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2024-08-30 | 中电金信软件有限公司 | Activity flow processing method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN117986063A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-05-07 | 四川国光园林科技股份有限公司 | Pesticide composition for improving output of erigeron breviscapus and yield increasing method |
| CN117986064A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-05-07 | 四川国光园林科技股份有限公司 | Pesticide composition for improving output of erigeron breviscapus and yield increasing method |
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| CN102257913B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-09-12 | 红河千山生物工程有限公司 | Erigeron breviscapus direct seeding planting technology in small plastic greenhouse |
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