CN114009295A

CN114009295A - High-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic

Info

Publication number: CN114009295A
Application number: CN202111288606.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵培光
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-11-02
Filing date: 2021-11-02
Publication date: 2022-02-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic, and particularly relates to the technical field of garlic cultivation, and the cultivation technology comprises the following specific steps: s1, preparing before sowing; s2, selecting land and finishing soil; s2.1, turning over the ground; s2.2, making ridges; s2.3, applying a base fertilizer; s3, sowing seeds; s4, field management; s4.1, watering; s4.2 topdressing; s4.3, pest control. According to the method, in the process of selecting and soil preparation, soil is deeply ploughed by 40-50cm, the soil in the deep part can be turned to the surface layer, and garlic maggots and other parasites usually live in the soil on the surface layer, so that the soil without the parasites in the deep part can be turned to the surface layer for planting, and then the insect repellent liquid containing natural components such as mint, plant ash and dandelion is sprayed, so that the insect repellent effect of natural plants is utilized, the damage of the garlic maggots is reduced, the yield of garlic is improved, and the adverse effect of traditional chemical medicine insect repellent on garlic is avoided.

Description

High-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of garlic cultivation, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic.

Background

Garlic is a common vegetable in daily life, and many people cannot avoid the garlic in time due to pungent smell, but the garlic has great nutrient components, can improve the resistance of human bodies when eaten, has a killing effect on some pathogenic bacteria in intestinal tracts, and has a certain prevention effect on intestinal diseases, so that the garlic is beneficial to human bodies when eaten more than a certain amount.

The garlic planting has a long history in China, nowadays, along with the progress and development of science and technology, the garlic cultivation technology is developed, in the garlic planting process, parasites such as garlic maggots in soil have great harm to garlic, the prior art usually sprays some chemical agents for treatment, the quality of garlic has certain influence, in addition, the garlic has large demand on water and poor water absorption, the soil for garlic planting is loose and is not beneficial to water storage, and therefore frequent watering is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a technique for cultivating garlic with high quality and high yield, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic comprises the following specific steps:

s1, preparation before sowing: before the garlic is sowed, firstly, the garlic needs to be aired for 2-3 days in the sun, then garlic cloves are separated, outer garlic skins are removed, the garlic is soaked in water for 5-7 hours, and the garlic cloves are cut off by 20% -25% by a knife after being fished;

s2, selecting land and soil preparation: the growth of the garlic selects sandy soil with flat terrain to be optimal, the soil is loose and fertile and is rich in organic matters, continuous cropping planting of crops such as the garlic, the onions, the Chinese chives and the like is avoided as far as possible, and the soil preparation method comprises the following specific steps:

s2.1, turning over the ground: further deeply ploughing the soil for 40-50cm, turning the deep soil to the surface layer, airing the soil for 2-3 days, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil by utilizing ultraviolet rays in sunlight, evaporating redundant water in the bottom layer soil, and spraying 250kg of insect repellent liquid into the soil according to 200 + one per mu, wherein the insect repellent liquid is prepared by the following steps:

adding 5-10kg of plant ash into per 100kg of purified water, placing 5-8kg of mint leaves into a container for mashing, enabling juice to flow out, pouring the mashed mint leaves into water, placing 2-3kg of dandelion seedlings into the water, taking 1.5-3kg of anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, scattering the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, placing the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers into the water, heating the water to 50-60 ℃, standing for 5-8 hours, filtering out solids in the water after the water is cooled, and finally dripping 0.1-0.2kg of geranium essential oil into the water;

s2.2, making ridges: after the soil is aired and tidied, raking the soil to be fine and scarified, paving a mulching film at a position 25-35cm deep in the soil, exposing the edge of the outer end of the mulching film out of the ground surface, and then making a furrow, wherein the furrow is 1-1.5 meters long and 3-5 meters wide, and can also be made into a furrow with a length of 50cm and a width of 4 meters according to actual conditions;

s2.3, applying a base fertilizer: applying 3-4 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 75-80 kilograms of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 40-50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 30-35 kilograms of potassium sulfate or 15-18 kilograms of potassium chloride to each mu of land, or applying 60-70 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer containing 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and applying 1-2 kilograms of zinc sulfate to each mu of land;

s3, sowing:

sowing the treated garlic cloves to a position 3-4cm below soil, wherein the row spacing is 16-18cm, the plant spacing is 8-12cm, and 3.5-4.5 thousands of plants per mu are planted;

s4, field management:

s4.1, watering; watering properly for one or two times in the seedling stage of garlic according to the humidity degree of soil, generally not watering before winter, watering again after applying garlic striking manure in the next year, continuously watering when the water demand is large in the elongation stage of garlic shoots to ensure that the soil is always in a humid state, watering after harvesting the garlic shoots, avoiding insolation, and stopping watering 5 days before harvesting;

s4.2 topdressing; topdressing is carried out once before overwintering, topdressing is carried out once after green turning, topdressing is carried out once in the elongation period of garlic shoots, topdressing is carried out once in the growth period of garlic heads, the topdressing mainly comprises nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are matched if necessary;

s4.3, pest control; reasonably applying fertilizer, reasonably close planting, ditching and draining in time, reducing temperature, enhancing disease resistance of plants, and preventing and treating diseases in time at the early stage of disease attack;

further, in step S3, when the garlic cloves are cut, the germs of the garlic are not damaged.

Further, in step S2.2, holes are punctured in the surface of the mulching film laid in the soil.

Further, in step S2.3, the fertilizer is applied in order to avoid using too much fertilizer to prevent the growth of garlic from being inhibited and the yield from being affected, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer must be thoroughly decomposed to avoid the garlic roots from being burned by the raw fertilizer fermentation.

Furthermore, garlic is generally sown in late 9 to 10 months, and sowing in late autumn is not suitable to avoid freezing damage caused by low temperature.

Further, the density of garlic seeding in step S3 is generally 3.5-4.5 ten thousand, but needs to be adjusted according to the variety, use and the like of garlic, generally, the garlic clove seeding is preferably diluted, and the small garlic clove seeding is preferably dense; the sowing of the variety with opened leaf shape is preferably thin, and the sowing of the upright and compact leaf shape is preferably dense; the sowing of fertile soil is preferably sparse, and the sowing of barren soil is preferably dense; the garlic planted by mulching is preferably diluted.

Further, in step S4.3, the diseased garlic strains are burnt out in time.

The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:

1. according to the method, in the process of selecting and soil preparation, soil is deeply ploughed by 40-50cm, the soil in the deep part can be turned to the surface layer, and garlic maggots and other parasites usually live in the soil on the surface layer, so that the soil without the parasites in the deep part can be turned to the surface layer for planting, and then the insect repellent liquid containing natural components such as mint, plant ash and dandelion is sprayed, so that the insect repellent effect of natural plants is utilized, the damage of the garlic maggots is reduced, the yield of garlic is improved, and the adverse effect of traditional chemical medicine insect repellent on garlic is avoided.

2. According to the invention, the mulching film is paved at the position of 30cm deep in the soil, so that the water in the soil is prevented from permeating downwards through the mulching film on the premise of not influencing the normal growth of the garlic root system, the soil moistening time is prolonged, the garlic root system can absorb the water in the soil for a longer time, and the irrigation frequency is reduced.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1: a high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic comprises the following specific steps:

s1, preparation before sowing: before the garlic is sowed, firstly, the garlic needs to be aired for 2 days in the sun, then garlic cloves are separated, outer garlic skins are removed, so that the garlic is promoted to absorb moisture, then the garlic is soaked in water for 5 hours, the garlic cloves are cut off by a knife for 20 percent after being fished up, and when the garlic cloves are cut, the garlic germs of the garlic are not damaged;

s2.1, turning over the ground: further ploughing soil deeply by 40cm, turning the soil in the deep to the top layer, then airing the soil for 2 days, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil by utilizing ultraviolet rays in sunlight, evaporating redundant moisture in the bottom soil, and then spraying insect repellent liquid according to 200kg per mu in the soil, wherein the insect repellent liquid is prepared by the following steps:

adding 5kg of plant ash into every 100kg of purified water, placing 5kg of mint leaves into a container to be smashed, enabling juice to flow out, pouring the smashed mint leaves into the water, taking 2kg of dandelion seedlings into the water, taking 1.5kg of anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, scattering the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, placing the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers into the water, heating the water to 50 ℃, standing for 5 hours, filtering out solids in the water after the water is cooled, and finally dripping 0.1kg of geranium essential oil into the water;

s2.2, making ridges: after the soil is aired and tidied, raking the soil to be fine and scarified, paving a mulching film at a position 25cm deep in the soil, pricking holes on the surface of the mulching film, exposing the edge of the outer end of the mulching film out of the ground surface, and then making a bed with the length of 1 m and the width of 3 m;

s2.3, applying a base fertilizer: 3 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 75 kilograms of standard nitrogenous fertilizer, 40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate or 15 kilograms of potassium chloride are sprayed per mu, 1 kilogram of zinc sulfate is additionally sprayed, excessive fertilizer is avoided in the fertilizing process, the growth of garlic is prevented from being inhibited, the yield is influenced, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is required to be fully decomposed to prevent the garlic roots from being burnt by the raw fertilizer fermentation;

s3, sowing:

sowing in late 9 months, namely sowing the treated garlic cloves to 3cm under the soil, wherein the row spacing is 16cm, the plant spacing is 8cm, 1 ten thousand of garlic are sown, the sowing time of the garlic is generally from late 9 months to late 10 months, and sowing in late autumn is not suitable so as to avoid freezing damage caused by low temperature;

s4, field management:

s4.1, watering; watering is properly carried out twice according to the humidity degree of soil in the young seedling stage of garlic, watering is not carried out before winter generally, watering is carried out again after applying green-turning fertilizer to garlic in the next year, continuous watering is required when the water demand is large in the elongation stage of garlic shoots, the soil is ensured to be always in a humid state, watering is carried out after harvesting the garlic shoots, insolation is avoided, and watering is stopped 5 days before harvesting;

s4.2 topdressing; topdressing is carried out once before overwintering, topdressing is carried out once after green turning, topdressing is carried out once in the elongation period of garlic shoots, topdressing is carried out once in the growth period of garlic bulbs, and the topdressing mainly comprises nitrogen fertilizers;

s4.3, pest control; reasonable fertilization, reasonable close planting, timely ditching and draining, temperature reduction, plant disease resistance enhancement, timely medicament prevention and treatment in the initial disease stage, and timely concentrated burning of diseased garlic plants.

Example 2: a high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic comprises the following specific steps:

s1, preparation before sowing: before the garlic is sowed, firstly, the garlic needs to be aired for 3 days in the sun, then garlic cloves are separated, the outer garlic skin is removed, so that the garlic is promoted to absorb moisture, then the garlic is soaked in water for 6 hours, the garlic cloves are cut off by a knife for 22.5 percent after being fished, and when the garlic cloves are cut, the garlic germs of the garlic are not damaged;

s2.1, turning over the ground: further ploughing soil deeply for 45cm, turning the soil in depth to the top layer, then airing the soil for 3 days, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil by utilizing ultraviolet rays in sunlight, evaporating redundant moisture in the bottom soil, and then spraying insect repellent liquid according to 225kg per mu in the soil, wherein the insect repellent liquid is prepared by the following steps:

adding 8kg of plant ash into every 100kg of purified water, placing 6.5kg of mint leaves into a container for mashing, enabling juice to flow out, pouring the mashed mint leaves into the water, placing 2.5kg of dandelion seedlings into the water, taking 2kg of anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, scattering the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, placing the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers into the water, heating the water to 55 ℃, standing for 6.5 hours, filtering out solids in the water after the water is cooled, and finally dripping 0.15kg of geranium essential oil into the water;

s2.2, making ridges: after the soil is aired and tidied, raking the soil to be fine and scarified, paving a mulching film at a position 30cm deep in the soil, pricking holes on the surface of the mulching film, exposing the edge of the outer end of the mulching film to the ground, and then making a bed with the length of 1.2 meters and the width of 4 meters;

s2.3, applying a base fertilizer: 3.5 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 77.5 kilograms of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 45 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 32.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate are sprayed per mu, 1.5 kilograms of zinc sulfate are additionally sprayed, the chemical fertilizer is surely prevented from being excessively used in the fertilizing process so as not to inhibit the growth of garlic and influence the yield, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed so as to prevent the garlic roots from being burnt by raw fertilizer fermentation;

s3, sowing:

sowing in the last 9 th month, namely sowing the treated garlic cloves to 3.5cm under the soil, wherein the row spacing is 17cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, 1 ten thousand garlic cloves are sown, the garlic sowing time is generally from the last 9 th month to the last 10 th month, and the garlic cloves are not suitable for sowing in late autumn so as to avoid freezing damage caused by low temperature;

s4, field management:

s4.1, watering; watering the garlic in a seedling stage twice according to the humidity degree of the soil, normally not watering before winter, watering the garlic again after applying a green-turning fertilizer in the next year, continuously watering the garlic in a seedling stage with large water demand to ensure that the soil is always in a humid state, watering the garlic in a seedling stage without insolation, and stopping watering 5 days before harvesting;

Example 3: a high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic comprises the following specific steps:

s1, preparation before sowing: before the garlic is sowed, firstly, the garlic needs to be aired for 3 days in the sun, then garlic cloves are separated, the outer garlic skin is removed, so that the garlic is promoted to absorb moisture, then the garlic is soaked in water for 7 hours, the garlic cloves are fished up and cut off by 25 percent with a knife, and when the garlic cloves are cut, the garlic germs of the garlic are not damaged;

s2.1, turning over the ground: further ploughing soil deeply by 50cm, turning the deep soil to the surface layer, then airing the soil for 3 days, sterilizing and disinfecting the soil by utilizing ultraviolet rays in sunlight, evaporating redundant moisture in the bottom soil, and then spraying insect repellent liquid into the soil according to 250kg per mu, wherein the insect repellent liquid is prepared by the following steps:

adding 10kg of plant ash into every 100kg of purified water, placing 8kg of mint leaves into a container to be smashed, enabling juice to flow out, pouring the smashed mint leaves into the water, taking 3kg of dandelion seedlings into the water, taking 3kg of anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, scattering the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers, placing the anthelmintic chrysanthemum flowers into the water, heating the water to 60 ℃, standing for 8 hours, filtering out solids in the water after the water is cooled, and finally dripping 0.2kg of geranium essential oil into the water;

s2.2, making ridges: after the soil is aired and tidied, raking the soil to be fine and scarified, then paving a mulching film at a position 35cm deep in the soil, pricking holes on the surface of the mulching film, exposing the edge of the outer end of the mulching film out of the ground surface, and then making a ridge with the length of 1.5 meters and the width of 5 meters;

s2.3, applying a base fertilizer: 4 cubic meters of organic fertilizer, 80 kilograms of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 50 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 35 kilograms of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land, 2 kilograms of zinc sulfate are additionally applied, the chemical fertilizer is surely saved from excessively large dosage in the fertilizing process so as not to inhibit the growth of garlic and influence the yield, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed so as to avoid the garlic roots from being burnt by raw fertilizer fermentation;

s3, sowing:

sowing in ten days of 10 months, sowing the treated garlic cloves to 4cm under the soil, wherein the row spacing is 18cm, the plant spacing is 12cm, 1 ten thousand of garlic are sown, the sowing time of the garlic is generally from ten days of 9 months to ten days of 10 months, and sowing in late autumn is not suitable so as to avoid freezing damage caused by low temperature;

s4, field management:

Example 4:

selecting the cultivation method of the above examples 1-3 and the comparison example method to cultivate 4 ten thousand garlic, each 1 ten thousand of garlic is divided into four groups to be cultivated, and after one season of cultivation, obtaining the following data:

the above table shows that the garlic cultivation method of the embodiment 2 is most suitable, the incidence rate of garlic maggots can be greatly reduced, the irrigation times are reduced, the garlic yield is increased, and meanwhile, the field management is more convenient.

And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology for garlic is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:

s3, sowing:

s4, field management:

s4.3, pest control; reasonable fertilization, reasonable close planting, timely ditching and draining, temperature reduction, plant disease resistance enhancement, and timely medicament prevention and control in the early disease stage.

2. A high-quality high-yield cultivation technique for garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, when the garlic cloves are cut, the germs of the garlic are not damaged.

3. A high-quality high-yield cultivation technique for garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2.2, holes are drilled in the surface of the mulch film laid in the soil.

4. A high-quality high-yield cultivation technique for garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2.3, the fertilizer is applied in order to avoid excessive use of fertilizer, so as to avoid inhibiting growth of garlic and affecting yield, and the organic fertilizer must be thoroughly decomposed to avoid raw fertilizer fermentation and burning garlic roots.

5. A high-quality high-yield cultivation technique for garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the garlic is generally sown from late 9 to late 10 months, and is not suitable for sowing in late autumn so as to avoid freezing damage caused by low temperature.

6. A high-quality high-yield cultivation technique for garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the density of garlic seeding is generally 3.5-4.5 ten thousand, but needs to be adjusted according to the variety, application and other aspects of garlic, generally, the garlic clove seeding is preferably diluted, and the small garlic clove seeding is preferably dense; the sowing of the variety with opened leaf shape is preferably thin, and the sowing of the upright and compact leaf shape is preferably dense; the sowing of fertile soil is preferably sparse, and the sowing of barren soil is preferably dense; the garlic planted by mulching is preferably diluted.

7. A high-quality high-yield cultivation technique for garlic as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S4.3, the diseased garlic strains need to be burnt out in time.