CN114521464A - Crop rotation planting method for soybean, wheat and corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soybean, wheat and corn crop rotation planting method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: fertilizing and preparing soil in spring of the same year, and sowing soybeans between 10 and 30 days after 4 months; and 2, step: fertilizing and preparing the harvested soybean stubble in the step 1, and sowing wheat between 1 and 15 days of 10 months; and 3, step 3: after the wheat in the step 2 is mature, the wheat straws are crushed and no-tillage covering and returning to the field after stubble harvesting, and then corn is sowed; and 4, step 4: and (3) after the corn is harvested, repeating the step 1, the step 2 and the step 3. The soybean, wheat and corn crop rotation planting method can reduce water consumption and improve soil fertility.

Description

Soybean wheat corn rotation planting method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting methods, in particular to a method for crop rotation of soybean, wheat and corn.

Background technique

Among the related technologies, the planting mode of the North China Plain is winter wheat-summer maize twice a year, and the production of wheat and maize accounts for 52% and 30% of the national total, respectively. However, the annual rainfall distribution in the North China Plain is uneven, and 70% of the winter wheat growing season needs to rely on groundwater for irrigation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is made based on the inventors' findings and understanding of the following facts and problems:

The inventors of the present application found that the wheat and jade planting mode in the related art resulted in an increase in farmland greenhouse gas emissions due to frequent irrigation, high nitrogen application rate and high agricultural input. In addition, the planting structure of wheat and jade in the related technology is too single, and the input of material and energy is too single, which leads to a series of negative effects such as poor soil structure, aggravation of pests and weeds, greatly reduced biodiversity and low economic income, which seriously restricts the farmland in this area. Ecosystem health and the development of sustainable agriculture.

The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. To this end, the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for crop rotation of soybean, wheat and corn, which can reduce water consumption and improve soil fertility.

The soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting method according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: step 1: fertilizing the land in the spring of the current year, and sowing soybeans between April 10-30; step 2: harvesting the soybean stubble in step 1 after harvesting Fertilize and prepare the land, sow wheat between October 1-15; Step 3: When the wheat in Step 2 is mature, after the stubble is harvested, the wheat straw is crushed and returned to the field with no-tillage cover, and then corn is sown; Step 4: Wait for After the corn is harvested, repeat steps 1, 2, and 3.

In some embodiments, a soybean basal fertilizer is applied before sowing soybeans, the soybean basal fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and urea, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 375 kg/hm ² , and the application amount of the potassium sulfate is 300kg/hm ² , and the applied amount of the urea is 180kg/hm ² .

In some embodiments, wheat base fertilizer is applied before sowing wheat, and the wheat base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea, and the application amount of diammonium phosphate is 375kg/hm ² , and the application amount of urea is 3.3kg/hm 2 . hm ² .

In some embodiments, top dressing is performed at the jointing stage of the wheat, and the applied amount of the top dressing of the wheat is 416.7 kg/hm ² .

In some embodiments, irrigation is not performed when the wheat is sown, and winter storage irrigation is performed on the wheat before winter, and the irrigation amount of the winter storage irrigation is 60-80 mm.

In some embodiments, sowing irrigation is performed when the corn is sown, and the irrigation amount of the seeding irrigation is 60-80 mm, and the irrigation is performed during the corn jointing period, and the irrigation amount of the corn jointing period is 60-80 mm, And topdressing was carried out at the jointing stage of the corn. The application amount of the topdressing of the corn was 616.7 kg/hm ² . When the soybean was sown, the irrigation amount was 60-80 mm.

In some embodiments, the soybean is treated with an insect repellant at intervals of 5-7 days during the flowering period of the soybean, and the applied amount of the insect repellent is 600 ml/hm ² .

In some embodiments, 100 to 200 times the amount of pendimethalin is used for herbicidal treatment at the heading stage of the corn, and/or, 800 to 1500 times the amount of dimethoxin is used for in-and-out insect control treatment, and in the wheat During the jointing period, the wheat is sprayed with 1300-1500 times of anthelmintic medicine, and/or 1300-1500 times of anti-disease medicine at intervals of 5-7 days.

In some embodiments, the wheat is sown by machine tillage, the row spacing of the wheat is 15-25 cm, the corn is sown in holes, the row spacing of the corn is 40-50 cm, and each sowing hole has 1 or 2 seeds, and the sowing hole spacing of the corn is 25-30 cm.

In some embodiments, the stubble height of the wheat is 15-25 cm, the root system of the soybean remains in the soil after the soybean stubble is harvested, and the stubble height of the soybean is 5-6 cm.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the rotation planting method of soybean, wheat and corn according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The soybean wheat corn rotation planting method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises:

Step 1: Fertilize the land in the spring of the current year and plant soybeans between April 10-30.

It should be noted that in the spring of that year, the land was rotary tilled and turned over, and soybeans were sown by hole sowing on April 26, with a hole depth of 3 to 5 cm to ensure that the seeds emerged at suitable soil temperature and provide suitable conditions for the development of the primary soybean root system. The breathing environment is suitable, the number of soybean seeds in each sowing hole is 4 or 5, to ensure the emergence rate of each hole, the hole spacing is 25-27 cm, and the row spacing is 30-45 cm. When the planting density is 25-27 cm, the row spacing is 30-45 cm, the strength of soybean root system can be avoided if the planting density is too high.

For example, the hole depth can be 3, 3.5cm, 4cm, 4.5cm or 5cm, the hole distance is 25cm, 25.5cm, 26cm, 26.5cm, 27cm, and the row spacing is 30cm, 35cm, 40cm or 45cm.

Step 2: After harvesting the soybean stubble in Step 1, fertilize and prepare the land, and sow wheat between October 1-15.

It should be noted that, before sowing wheat, use octyl sulfuric acid to dress the seeds, turn the soil and level the ground, and use machine tillage to sow wheat. The row spacing of wheat is 15cm to 25cm. For example, the row spacing of wheat is 15cm, 18cm, 20cm. , 23cm, 25cm.

Preferably, after the soybean stubble is harvested, the soybean root system remains in the soil, and the soybean stubble height is 5-6 cm, for example, the soybean stubble height is 5 cm, 5.5 cm, 6 cm, and the soybean stubble and underground root system are in the next stubble. Wheat is ploughed in the soil before sowing, and turned into humus to provide nutrients for subsequent crops, and can also replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is conducive to fertilizing soil fertility and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

Step 3: When the wheat in Step 2 is mature, after the stubble is harvested, the wheat straw is crushed and returned to the field with no-tillage cover, and then corn is sown.

It should be noted that the stubble height of wheat is 15-25cm. For example, the stubble height of wheat is 15cm, 18cm, 20cm, 23cm, and 25cm. High soil water content, which can improve the efficiency of water production, and can enhance the stability of crop production, and can improve yield and resource utilization.

Corn is sown by hole-sowing, and the row spacing of corn is 40-50cm. For example, the row spacing of corn can be 40cm, 42cm, 45cm, 48cm, and 50cm. There are 1 or 2 seeds in each sowing hole, and the corn sowing hole spacing is 25-30cm, for example, the hole spacing is 25cm, 27cm, 28cm, 30cm. In the planting method of the embodiment of the present invention, when the corn sowing row spacing and the number of seeds are within the above-mentioned ranges, a more suitable corn sowing density is obtained, under the planting density, the photosynthesis of the corn crop is increased, and the competition of corn nutrition and water with excessive density is avoided. Lead to insufficient individual development and ultimately reduce yield, which is a reasonable planting density to meet the conditions of machine farming.

Step 4: After the corn is harvested, repeat Step 1, Step 2 and Step 3.

Compared with the traditional wheat-corn mode, the soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting method of the embodiment of the present invention is changed from the planting mode of two crops a year to three crops in two years, which reduces the annual water consumption, slows down the decline of the groundwater level, and reduces greenhouse gases. Emission, through the rotation of the previous crop of soybean, the soil fertility at the stubble stage is improved. With the nitrogen fixation effect of leguminous green manure, the nitrogen fertilizer input for wheat cultivation can be reduced, and at the same time, it can balance soil nutrients and eliminate potential obstacles to continuous cropping. The return of wheat straw to the field and soybean Remaining stubble and root system can significantly increase the content of organic matter and effective N, P and other nutrients in farmland soil plough layer, and then can replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is beneficial to fertilize soil fertility and achieve sustainable agricultural development, and soybean stubble will keep the root system in the cultivated land. In this way, wind erosion can be reduced and a higher soil water content can be maintained, which can then be used for the growth and development of wheat in the next season, thus improving the efficiency of water production, enhancing the stability of crop production, and improving yield and resource utilization.

In some embodiments, soybean basal fertilizer is applied before sowing soybeans, the soybean basal fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and urea, and the application amount of diammonium phosphate is 375kg/hm ² and the application amount of potassium sulfate is 300kg/hm ² , The application rate of urea was 180kg/hm ² . Supplementing basal fertilizer at the soybean seedling stage was helpful for the growth and development of soybean in the early stage of growth. Too low basal fertilizer amount would reduce the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean crops in the later stage, and excessive fertilization would lead to serious leaching loss of soil fertility.

In some embodiments, wheat basal fertilizer is applied before sowing wheat, and the wheat basal fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea, and the application rate of diammonium phosphate is 375 kg/hm ² and the application rate of urea is 3.3 kg/hm ² . Nitrogen-reduced fertilization reduces soil carbon emissions while ensuring annual crop rotation yields, and is an effective fertilization system to achieve carbon neutrality goals.

In some embodiments, the top dressing is performed at the jointing stage of the wheat, and the applied amount of the top dressing for the wheat is 416.7 kg/hm ² .

In some embodiments, no irrigation is performed when the wheat is sown, and winter storage irrigation is performed on the wheat before winter, and the irrigation amount of the winter storage irrigation is 60-80 mm.

It should be noted that there is no need for sowing and irrigation to sow wheat, and winter storage irrigation should be performed before winter. output.

In some embodiments, sowing irrigation is carried out during corn sowing, and the irrigation amount of sowing irrigation is 60-80 mm, and the irrigation is carried out during the corn jointing period, and the irrigation amount in the corn jointing period is 60-80 mm, and topdressing is carried out during the corn jointing period, The application amount of top dressing of corn was 616.7 kg/hm ² , and the irrigation amount was 60-80 mm during soybean sowing.

For example, the irrigation amount of sowing irrigation can be 60cm, 65cm, 70cm, 75cm, 80cm to ensure the germination rate of corn, and the irrigation amount at the jointing stage of corn can be 60cm, 65cm, 70cm, 75cm, 80cm, to ensure the growth of corn, improve corn output.

In some embodiments, the soybean is treated with insect repellent at intervals of 5-7 days during the soybean flowering period, and the application amount of the insect repellent is 600 ml/hm ² .

It should be noted that the type of insect repellent can be chlorfenapyr or lufenuron or a mixed solution of chlorfenapyr and lufenuron, and the number of times of applying the insect repellent during the flowering period of soybean is twice, and the time interval between the two applications is 5. ~7 days, for example may be 5, 6 or 7 days apart, the application of the repellent during the flowering period of soybean can prevent aphid growth, the repellent is applied twice, and the two repellants are applied 5 to 7 days apart , which can reduce the amount of insect repellent used and improve the insect repellent effect.

In some embodiments, 100-200 times of pendimethalin is used for herbicidal treatment at the heading stage of corn, and/or, 800-1500 times of dimethoxin is used for in and out insect control treatment, and 1300 times is used at jointing stage of wheat. Wheat is sprayed with ~1500 times the anthelmintic and/or 1300~1500 times the disease prevention medicine at intervals of 5 to 7 days.

It should be noted that, at the heading stage of corn, pendimethalin can be applied alone or trimethoxin alone or pendimethalin can also be applied with dimethoxin. For example, the dilution ratio of pendimethalin is 100 times, 150 times, 200 times, the dilution ratio of trichlorfon is 800 times, 900 times, 1200 times, 1350 times, 1450 times or 1500 times. The application of pendimethalin can remove the weeds in the cultivated land and ensure the nutrients required for corn production, and the application of dimethoxin can prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the corn and improve the corn yield.

In the jointing stage of wheat, the anthelmintic drug is applied alone or the disease preventive drug is applied alone, or both the anthelmintic drug and the disease preventive drug are applied. For example, the anthelmintic drug can be dichlorvos, acetamiprid or a mixture of dichlorvos and acetamiprid. The insecticide can be diluted by 1300 times, 1350 times, 1400 times, 1450 times or 1500 times, the application amount of the anthelmintic drug is 1.5kg/hm ² , the disease prevention drug can be fenoxystrobin, and the anthelmintic drug can be diluted 1300 times , 1350 times, 1400 times, 1450 times or 1500 times.

For example, the number of applications of anthelmintic and disease-preventing drugs can be twice, and the interval between two applications is 5 days, 6 days or 7 days. The application of de-worming and disease-preventing drugs can prevent the breeding of insect pests and ensure the growth of wheat. To increase the yield of wheat, apply two times of anthelmintics and disease prevention drugs, and the interval between the two applications is 5 to 7 days, which can reduce the amount of pesticides used, and can also improve the effect of deworming.

The following describes some specific examples of soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting methods of the present invention with reference to FIG. 1 .

1. Test site, test materials and test crop varieties

1. Test location: This experiment was carried out at the Luancheng Ecological Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (N37°50′, E113°40′, 50.1m above sea level), Luancheng County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, which belongs to the continental monsoon warm temperate semi-humid semi-arid climate , the main climate features are four distinct seasons, hot and rainy in summer, cold and dry in winter, the total annual radiation is 543.3KJ cm-3, the annual average temperature is 12.2℃, the monthly average maximum temperature appears in July (26.4℃), and the monthly average minimum temperature appears in In January (-3.9℃), the accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ is 4710℃, the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ is 4232℃, the annual sunshine hours are 2500～2800 hours, the frost-free period is 200 days, the annual rainfall is 400～550mm, 80% of the rainfall In the summer corn growing season (June to September), there is a water gap of more than 400 mm in the winter wheat growing season, which requires a large amount of groundwater to be pumped to supplement irrigation, which is also the main reason for the continuous decline of the local groundwater level.

2. Test material: Test fertilizer: N, P content of 18%, 46% diammonium phosphate, N content of 46% urea, K content of 50% potassium sulfate

3. Tested pesticides: soybean pesticides: chlorfenapyr, lufenuron; wheat pesticides: acetamiprid, dichlorvos, fenoxystrobin, dioxsulam; corn pesticides: trichlorfon, pendimethalin spirit.

4. Varieties of crops tested: soybean (Jidou No. 4), winter wheat (Xinshi 633), summer corn (Dadi 916)

2. Planting method

Spring soybean→winter wheat-summer corn three-cropping rotation pattern in two years

Soybeans were sown around April 26, the base fertilizer was 375kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate, 300kg/hm2 of potassium sulfate, and 180kg/hm2 of urea. The ground was leveled and irrigated before sowing. The irrigation amount was 75mm. , The depth of the holes is about 3cm, the distance between the holes is 25-27cm, and the row spacing is 45cm.

Around May 31st, the soybeans were irrigated 75mm.

Around June 25, the anthelmintic drugs chlorfenapyr and lufenuron were applied at an application rate of about 600ml/hm ² , and repeated spraying was carried out around July 2 a week later to prevent pest damage.

Spring soybeans were harvested around September 12, with 5 to 6 cm of stubble left on the ground. The upper part of the ground was harvested, and the remaining stubble and underground roots were ploughed in the soil before the next winter wheat sowing, and turned into humus to provide nutrients for subsequent crops.

Winter wheat was sown around October 11. Before sowing, phoxim was used for seed dressing. The base fertilizer was 375kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate and 3.3kg/hm2 of urea.

Around November 20, the winter wheat was irrigated with 75mm of overwintering water.

On March 20 of the following year, the herbicide ^Dioxsulam (diluted at 4.5g/hm2) was sprayed.

On March 30th, urea was topdressed at 416.7kg/hm ² and irrigated at 75mm.

On May 5 and May 22, pesticides were sprayed on the wheat ears of winter wheat respectively (the anthelmintic dichlorvos and acetamiprid mixed, 2.25kg/hm ² ; the disease-preventing drug Benzostrobin, diluted 1300-1500 times), To control winter wheat aphids, rust, powdery mildew and so on.

Irrigation of winter wheat on May 17, 75mm.

The winter wheat was harvested by machine around June 8, leaving 18 to 20 cm of stubble, and the straw was crushed to cover the surface and returned to the field to increase the content of organic matter and available N, P and other nutrients in the plough layer of the farmland soil, which in turn could replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is conducive to fertilizing soil fertility.

Summer corn was sown around June 11, and the machine was finely sown 1 grain/hole, with a hole spacing of 28cm and a row spacing of 45cm.

On June 17, summer corn was irrigated 75mm.

On June 25, the summer corn was sprayed with the herbicide pendimethalin (diluted 150 times) and the insect repellant diphenthion (diluted 1000 times).

On July 26, summer corn was topdressed with 616.7kg/hm ² of urea and supplemented with 75mm of irrigation.

The summer corn will be harvested around September 30 and will enter the next crop rotation cycle.

In this experiment, the winter wheat-summer maize model with two crops a year was set as the control group, and the planting method was the same as above.

3. Experimental results and analysis

Table 1 Comparison of annual water consumption, economic benefits and carbon footprint between the grain-bean model and the wheat-yu model

The experimental results in Table 1 show that, compared with the traditional wheat-jade model, the spring soybean→winter wheat-summer corn rotation model can reduce annual water consumption by 24%, alleviate the decline of groundwater level by 42%, and reduce farmland net greenhouse gas emissions by 29%. , increase the annual economic income by 4.6%, and increase the economic water utilization efficiency by 33.6%. At the same time, the input of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation is reduced, the content of high-quality protein in the system is increased, and the planting structure and dietary structure of the area are optimized.

In this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean a specific feature, structure, material, or description described in connection with the embodiment or example. Features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Embodiments are subject to variations, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims (10)

1. a soybean wheat corn rotation planting method, is characterized in that, comprises: Step 1: Fertilize the land in the spring of that year, and sow soybeans between April 10-30; Step 2: After the soybean stubble in Step 1 is harvested, fertilize and prepare the land, and sow wheat between October 1-15; Step 3: When the wheat in Step 2 is mature, after the stubble is harvested, the wheat straw is crushed and covered with no-tillage and returned to the field, and then corn is sown; Step 4: After the corn is harvested, repeat Step 1, Step 2 and Step 3. 2. soybean wheat corn rotation planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before sowing soybean, apply soybean basal fertilizer, described soybean basal fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and urea, and the application of described diammonium phosphate The amount is 375kg/hm ² , the application amount of the potassium sulfate is 300kg/hm ² , and the application amount of the urea is 180kg/hm ² . 3. soybean wheat corn rotation planting method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, before sowing wheat, apply wheat basal fertilizer, described wheat basal fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and urea, and the application amount of described diammonium phosphate is 375kg /hm ² , the applied amount of the urea was 3.3 kg/hm ² . 4 . The soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting method according to claim 3 , wherein topdressing is performed at the jointing stage of the wheat, and the application amount of the topdressing of the wheat is 416.7 kg/hm ² . 5. soybean wheat corn rotation planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, do not irrigate when described wheat sowing, carry out winter storage irrigation to described wheat before entering winter, the irrigation amount of described winter storage irrigation 60 to 80mm. 6. The soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting method according to claim 5, characterized in that, when the corn is sown, sowing irrigation is performed, and the irrigation amount of the sowing irrigation is 60-80 mm, and irrigation is performed at the corn jointing stage. , the amount of irrigation at the jointing stage of the corn is 60-80 mm, and topdressing is carried out at the jointing stage of the corn, the application amount of the topdressing of the corn is 616.7kg/hm ² , and the amount of irrigation is 60 mm when the soybean is sown. ~80mm. 7 . The soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting method according to claim 1 , wherein the soybean is treated with insect repellent at intervals of 5 to 7 days during the flowering period of the soybean, and the application amount of the insect repellant is 10 . 600ml/hm ² . 8. The soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting method according to claim 7, characterized in that, at the heading stage of the corn, 100-200 times of pendimethalin is used for weeding treatment, and/or 800-1500 times of pendimethalin is used for weeding treatment. In the insect control treatment of diphthion in and out, the wheat is sprayed with 1,300-1,500 times the anthelmintic drug and/or 1,300-1,500 times the anti-disease drug at intervals of 5-7 days during the jointing stage of the wheat. 9 . The soybean, wheat, and corn rotation planting method according to claim 1 , wherein the wheat is machine-cultivated and row-sown, the sowing row spacing of the wheat is 15-25 cm, the corn is hole-sown, and the corn is sown in a row. 10 . The row spacing is 40-50 cm, each sowing hole has 1 or 2 seeds, and the corn sowing hole spacing is 25-30 cm. The soybean-wheat-corn rotation planting method according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the height of the stubble of the wheat is 15-25 cm, and the root system of the soybean after the stubble of the soybean is harvested It remains in the soil, and the stubble height of the soybean is 5-6c.

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