CN113519364A - Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and Jujun grass - Google Patents
Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and Jujun grass Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and pennisetum hydridum, which comprises the following steps: selecting a planting land; seed stem selection; land preparation and farmyard manure application; standard cultivation; and (4) pest control. The method protects the growth environment of the konjak planting field, reduces soil pollution, improves the output value per mu and increases benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological cultivation, in particular to an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and Jujun grass.
Background
Amorphophallus konjac (Amorphophalus konjac) also called Amorphophallus konjac belongs to Araceae (Araceae) Amorphophallus (Amorphophalus blume), perennial tuber plants, mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, etc. The konjak tuber contains rich glucomannan, has the characteristics of water absorption, gel property, caking property and low-heat edible property, and has wide application in food processing, daily chemicals, health care products and the like. The rhizoma Amorphophalli has effects of lowering blood sugar level, reducing blood lipid, lowering blood pressure, removing toxic substance, caring skin, dredging collaterals, reducing weight, relaxing bowels, and promoting appetite, and is a health food.
Jujun grass is a grass species which is introduced into China in 1983 by the scientist of the national fungus grass engineering technology research center and the fungus grass technology inventor forest Zhang 29114and is suitable for the climate soil environment of China after more than 20 years, and is named as 'Jujun grass' by the forest Pan researcher.
The perennial gramineous upright fasciculate plant has stronger tillering capability. The high-yield and high-quality fungus grass is suitable for growth in tropical zone, subtropical zone and temperate zone and artificial cultivation. The plant is tall and big, the stress resistance is strong, the yield is high, the crude protein and sugar content are high, and the plant is upright, clustered and developed in root system. The ratio of the photosynthesis to the transpiration of the Jujun grass is low, so that the growth of the Jujun grass needs moist soil conditions besides high temperature. Jujun grass can tolerate drought for a short period of time but is not tolerant to waterlogging.
Jujuncao is one of high-yield and high-quality fungi, and is used as culture material for culturing 49 edible fungi and medicinal fungi, such as shiitake mushroom, ganoderma lucidum, etc. Besides being used as fungus material, the said fertilizer can also be used as feed and excellent grass for water and soil conservation. In 08 years, the method is applied to energy applications such as biomass power generation, fiber boards, fuel ethanol production and the like.
However, when konjak is planted, suitable intercropping crop groups of konjak are not explored, reasonable intercropping is not carried out, the konjak is multipurpose in one land and is planted in a three-dimensional mode, light energy and places cannot be fully utilized, and the yield and the quality of crops in unit area are not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and Jujun grass.
The invention provides an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and pennisetum hydridum, which comprises the following steps:
s1 selecting a planting field;
the konjak is preferably cultivated in a half-shady, warm and moist land;
the method is characterized in that the giant fungus grass planting field is selected as the konjak;
s2 seed stem selection;
the konjak is selected from a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance, the appearance form is round or oval, the bud pit is small and shallow, the corm is full, the terminal bud is thick and strong, the konjak is disease-free and injury-free, the terminal bud is bright red, and the weight of each single fine variety is 0.01-0.2 kg. The seed taro is turned over and aired for 1-2 days before sowing, and then mixed with multi-element disinfection powder before sowing;
jujun grass: selecting stems which are healthy in growth and are not suffered from diseases and insect pests, and cultivating and transplanting the stems into seedlings according to 1-2 buds per mu.
S3 land preparation and farmyard manure application;
konjak: deep ploughing, drying soil and carrying out thin furrow soil on the pre-planted land blocks at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months, ridging with the furrow surface width of 1.5m, the ridge height of about 25cm and the furrow width of about 30cm, so as to facilitate drainage and provide a good growth environment for the growth process of the konjak;
fertilizing: the organic fertilizer is used as the main material, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is used as the auxiliary material, the base fertilizer is applied again, and the additional fertilizer is applied again. Applying 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu, and applying the compound fertilizer to each mu twice, wherein the first topdressing is performed in the late 6 th day; applying 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu in 8 middle-ten days of topdressing for the second time;
jujun grass: the Jujun grass is suitable for growing in loose and breathable soil, the Jujun grass can be planted by humus soil with rich trace element content and good water drainage, the soil needs to be renovated and aired before planting to kill pests in the soil, and base fertilizer can be applied to the soil to improve the fertilizer content of the soil;
s4 standard cultivation;
the konjak and the giant fungus grass are intercropped and scientifically planted according to local conditions, the konjak and the giant fungus grass are sowed from spring to clear, the konjak and the giant fungus grass are sowed according to 150 cm stretching and furrow opening planting, the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surfaces are arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surfaces, the strip-furrow transplanting is carried out, 4 rows are planted on each furrow surface, the row spacing is 30cm, the giant fungus grass and the konjak are intercropped, the plant spacing is 45 cm, and the konjak and the giant fungus grass are planted on two sides of the furrow surfaces.
S5 pest control;
the disease of the konjak mainly comprises soft rot, southern blight and the like, the devil's-shaped rot cleaner is used together with the konjak spirit for watering roots or spraying on leaf surfaces for preventing and treating, rainwater is more in 7-8 months, and is a peak period of the konjak disease, and in the period, the water is required to be drained in ditches, so that the water channel is ensured to be unblocked, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
jujun grass: the pennisetum hydridum has strong disease resistance, diseases and insect pests rarely occur, occasionally, the diseases include armyworm and aphid, the diseases include powdery mildew and rust disease, and emamectin benzoate is applied to prevent and control the armyworm; spraying 800 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl liquid to prevent and treat powdery mildew.
Preferably, in the step S1, the konjac and the pennisetum hydridum prefer temperature and shade, prefer cool and heat, do not tolerate strong light and rain and flood, are typical negative plants, should be selected to be leeward and sunny, have convenient irrigation and drainage, preferably adopt gentle slopes of half-yin and half-yang and mountain valley lands with good illumination conditions but without strong illumination, and are best in sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil layer, acid bias property rich in organic matters and humus and easy drainage.
According to the ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping the konjac and the giant-fungus grass, the konjac and the giant-fungus grass are planted according to a certain plant-row spacing proportion, the giant-fungus grass can form a competitive advantage with weeds in a konjac land to inhibit the weeds to become a substitute plant for the weeds, a diversity environment can be formed to slow down the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and the height habit of the konjac and the giant-fungus grass is utilized to form stereoscopic planting, so that the land space is fully utilized.
The method protects the growth environment of the konjak planting field, reduces soil pollution, improves the output value per mu and increases benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and pennisetum hydridum provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and pennisetum hydridum comprises the following steps:
s1 selecting a planting field;
the konjak is preferably cultivated in a half-shady, warm and moist land;
the method is characterized in that the giant fungus grass planting field is selected as the konjak;
s2 seed stem selection;
the konjak is selected from a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance, the appearance form is round or oval, the bud pit is small and shallow, the corm is full, the terminal bud is thick and strong, the konjak is disease-free and injury-free, the terminal bud is bright red, and the weight of each single fine variety is 0.01-0.2 kg. The seed taro is turned over and aired for 1-2 days before sowing, and then mixed with multi-element disinfection powder before sowing;
jujun grass: selecting grass seeds which grow healthily and are not suffered from diseases and insect pests;
s3 land preparation and farmyard manure application;
konjak: deep ploughing, drying soil and carrying out thin furrow soil on the pre-planted land blocks at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months, ridging with the furrow surface width of 1.5m, the ridge height of about 25cm and the furrow width of about 30cm, so as to facilitate drainage and provide a good growth environment for the growth process of the konjak;
fertilizing: the organic fertilizer is used as the main material, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is used as the auxiliary material, the base fertilizer is applied again, and the additional fertilizer is applied again. Applying 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu, and applying the compound fertilizer to each mu twice, wherein the first topdressing is performed in the late 6 th day; applying 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu in 8 middle-ten days of topdressing for the second time;
jujun grass: the Jujun grass is suitable for growing in loose and breathable soil, the Jujun grass can be planted by humus soil with rich trace element content and good water drainage, the soil needs to be renovated and aired before planting to kill pests in the soil, and base fertilizer can be applied to the soil to improve the fertilizer content of the soil;
s4 standard cultivation;
the konjak and the giant fungus grass are intercropped and scientifically planted according to local conditions, the konjak and the giant fungus grass are sowed from spring to clear section, the konjak and the giant fungus grass are sowed by stretching according to 150 cm, the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surface is well arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the strip-furrow transplanting is carried out, 4 rows are planted on each furrow surface, the row spacing is 30cm, the giant fungus grass and the konjak are intercropped, and the plant spacing is 45 cm; after seedling cultivation, planting on two sides or one side of the moist soil surface.
S5 pest control;
the disease of the konjak mainly comprises soft rot, southern blight and the like, the devil's-shaped rot cleaner is used together with the konjak spirit for watering roots or spraying on leaf surfaces for preventing and treating, rainwater is more in 7-8 months, and is a peak period of the konjak disease, and in the period, the water is required to be drained in ditches, so that the water channel is ensured to be unblocked, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
jujun grass: the pennisetum hydridum has strong disease resistance, diseases and insect pests rarely occur, occasionally, the diseases include armyworm and aphid, the diseases include powdery mildew and rust disease, and emamectin benzoate is applied to prevent and control the armyworm; spraying 800 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl liquid to prevent and treat powdery mildew.
In the invention, the konjak and the Jujun grass in the step S1 are warm-loving, shade-tolerant, cool-loving, heat-fearing, intolerant to strong light and rain-waterlogging, are typical negative plants, are preferably gentle slopes and mountain valley lands which are leeward and exposed to the sun, convenient to drain and irrigate, good in illumination condition and free of strong illumination and are semi-yin and semi-sun, and are best in sandy loam which is deep in soil layer, loose and fertile, contains organic matters and humus and is acid in nature and easy to drain.
The invention comprises the following steps: the konjak and the pennisetum hydridum intercropping can increase the biodiversity, inhibit the growth of land weeds, inhibit the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and reduce the economic loss caused by the plant diseases and insect pests; the konjak is a negative plant, is suitable for growing under vegetation with a shading effect, and can achieve the effects of preventing diseases and reasonably utilizing sunlight by intercropping the konjak and the Jujun grass; the two crops are intercropped and cultivated together, the labor cost can be reduced, the planting and harvesting time of the konjak and the Jujun grass is close, the field management is convenient, the labor input can be reduced, the working time is saved, and the cost is reduced.
The stable yield and the conservation and the reasonable intercropping can utilize different crop characteristics of the konjak and the Jujun grass, enhance the stress resistance to plant diseases and insect pests and disastrous weather, achieve the stable yield and the conservation, improve the land utilization rate, reduce land rent and coordinate the contradiction of land competition of crops.
Economic benefit of intercropping konjak and pennisetum hydridum;
(1) yield: the result of the intercropping planting test of the konjak and the Jujun grass shows that the yield of konjak (commercial konjak and seed konjak) in one mu of land is 1615 kg, the yield of commercial konjak is 1061 kg, the yield of seed konjak is 554 kg, and the seed konjak has two types of konjak and seed konjak (wherein the yield of the two types of konjak is 413 kg, and the yield of the seed konjak is 141 kg); the yield of the pennisetum hydridum is 10 tons.
(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the fresh konjak in 2019, the commercial konjak is 6 yuan per kg, and the yield of 1061 kg is 6366 yuan; 15 yuan per kilogram of the second konjak, and 6195 yuan for the output of 413 kilograms; the yield of the yam per kilogram is 35 yuan, and the yield of 141 kilograms is 4935 yuan; the total yield of rhizoma Amorphophalli is 17496 yuan. According to the current market price of the Jujun grass, the Jujun grass is 320 yuan per ton, and the yield of the Jujun grass with the yield of 10 tons is 3200 yuan. The total value of one acre of the konjak and the Jujun grass intercropping is 20696 yuan.
(3) Cost and expense: the method comprises the following steps of 3500 yuan for purchasing konjak seeds, 300 yuan for purchasing seedlings by using giant-fungus grass seeds, 600 yuan for land lease, 1000 yuan for planting labor cost, 1500 yuan for collecting labor cost, 200 yuan for management cost and 500 yuan for fertilizer. The cost for intercropping the konjak and the Jujun grass for one mu is 7600 yuan.
(4) Profit: 13096 yuan can be gained by intercropping the konjak and the Jujun grass in one mu of land.
The economic benefit of pure konjak;
(1) yield: 1730 kg per unit of pure konjak planted in one mu of land, (wherein 1140 kg of commercial konjak, 423 kg of secondary konjak and 167 kg of seed konjak).
(2) Yield value: according to the market price of the fresh konjak in 2019 years, the yield of the commercial konjak is 6 yuan per kg, and the commercial konjak yield of 1140 kg is 6840 yuan; the yield of the konjac II is 15 yuan per kg, and the yield of the konjac II with the yield of 423 kg is 6345 yuan; the yield of the seed taro is 35 yuan per kilogram, and the yield of the seed taro with the yield of 167 kilograms is 5845 yuan. And (4) comprehensively calculating, wherein the total yield of the pure konjac planted in one mu of land is 19030 yuan.
(3) Cost and expense: the purchasing cost of the konjak seeds is 3500 yuan, the land lease cost is 600 yuan, the planting labor cost is 1000 yuan, the weed removal labor cost is 1500 yuan, the collection labor cost is 1500 yuan, the management cost is 220 yuan, the fertilizer cost is 500 yuan, and the pesticide cost is 200 yuan. The total number is 9020 yuan.
(4) Profit: the pure konjak planted in one mu of land can obtain the pure profit income of 10010 yuan.
Testing and comparing the conclusion;
(1) although the yield of the konjak intercropping huge fungus grass is reduced by 115 kilograms and 6.6 percent compared with that of the pure konjak, the total benefit is increased (firstly, the artificial weeding cost is reduced by 1500 yuan, the pesticide is 200 yuan, the total cost is 1700 yuan, and secondly, the income of the planted huge fungus grass is increased by 3200 yuan), the total profit of the konjak and huge fungus grass intercropping is increased by 3086 yuan compared with that of the pure konjak, the profit is increased by 31 percent compared with that of the pure konjak, the environmental pollution pressure is reduced by not applying the pesticide, and the raw materials of the produced pollution-free food are ecological and social benefits which cannot be calculated.
(2) The konjak and the Jujun grass intercropping can generate two economic benefits, the reasonable intercropping has the effect of increasing the yield compared with the single intercropping, the income can be increased, and the intercropping with reasonable synergism can exchange less investment for more economic income. According to the national policy, two reductions are implemented in agricultural production, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the use of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides can be reduced by intercropping the konjak and the pennisetum hydridum, so that the production cost is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and Jujun grass is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1 selecting a planting field;
the konjak is preferably cultivated in a half-shady, warm and moist land;
the method is characterized in that the giant fungus grass planting field is selected as the konjak;
s2 seed stem selection;
the konjak is selected from a new variety Jindi No. 1 with strong disease resistance, the appearance form is round or oval, the bud pit is small and shallow, the corm is full, the terminal bud is thick and strong, the konjak is disease-free and injury-free, the terminal bud is bright red, and the weight of each fine variety is 0.1-0.2 kg. The seed taro is turned over and aired for 1-2 days before sowing, and then mixed with multi-element disinfection powder before sowing;
jujun grass: selecting grass seeds which grow healthily and are not suffered from diseases and insect pests;
s3 land preparation and farmyard manure application;
konjak: deep ploughing, drying soil and carrying out thin furrow soil on the pre-planted land blocks at the bottom of 2 months and at the beginning of 3 months, ridging with the furrow surface width of 1.5m, the ridge height of about 25cm and the furrow width of about 30cm, so as to facilitate drainage and provide a good growth environment for the growth process of the konjak;
fertilizing: the organic fertilizer is used as the main material, the high-potassium compound fertilizer is used as the auxiliary material, the base fertilizer is applied again, and the additional fertilizer is applied again. Applying 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 20kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu, and applying the compound fertilizer to each mu twice, wherein the first topdressing is performed in the late 6 th day; applying 20kg of compound fertilizer per mu in 8 middle-ten days of topdressing for the second time;
jujun grass: the Jujun grass is suitable for growing in loose and breathable soil, the Jujun grass can be planted by humus soil with rich trace element content and good water drainage, the soil needs to be renovated and aired before planting to kill pests in the soil, and base fertilizer can be applied to the soil to improve the fertilizer content of the soil;
s4 standard cultivation;
the konjak and the giant fungus grass are intercropped and scientifically planted according to local conditions, the konjak and the giant fungus grass are sowed from spring to clear section, the konjak and the giant fungus grass are sowed by stretching according to 150 cm, the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow surface width is 120 cm, the furrow height is 30cm, the furrow surface is well arranged, the operation is carried out on the furrow surface, the strip-furrow transplanting is carried out, 4 rows are planted on each furrow surface, the plant spacing of the konjak is 30cm, the giant fungus grass and the konjak are intercropped, and the plant spacing is 45 cm; planting on two sides or one side of the dead soil;
s5 pest control;
the disease of the konjak mainly comprises soft rot, southern blight and the like, the devil's-shaped rot cleaner is used together with the konjak spirit for watering roots or spraying on leaf surfaces for preventing and treating, rainwater is more in 7-8 months, and is a peak period of the konjak disease, and in the period, the water is required to be drained in ditches, so that the water channel is ensured to be unblocked, and meanwhile, diseased plants are removed and disinfected;
jujun grass: the pennisetum hydridum has strong disease resistance, diseases and insect pests rarely occur, occasionally, the diseases include armyworm and aphid, the diseases include powdery mildew and rust disease, and emamectin benzoate is applied to prevent and control the armyworm; spraying 800 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl liquid to prevent and treat powdery mildew.
2. The ecological cultivation method for controlling weeds by intercropping konjak and pennisetum hydridum according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is characterized in that konjak and pennisetum hydridum are warm-shady, cool-feared, intolerant to heat, and intolerant to strong light and rain-waterlogging, are typical negative plants, are selected from gentle slopes and mountain valleys which are leeward and exposed to the sun, convenient to drain and irrigate, good in illumination conditions but free of strong light and semi-negative semi-sun, and are best in sandy soil which is deep in soil layer, loose and fertile, contains organic matters, humus and is slightly acidic and easy to drain.
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| CN114391445A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-26 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for intercropping Jujun grass and bulbil konjak |
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