CN110881373A - Two-season dry farming cultivation technical method for ratoon rice system - Google Patents
Two-season dry farming cultivation technical method for ratoon rice system Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-season dry farming cultivation technical method for a ratoon rice system, which comprises the following steps: sowing the regenerated rice seeds; managing water; making the paddy field have no water layer in the seedling emergence and seedling establishment stages, and keeping the water content of the soil to be more than 80%; after the tillering stage, mainly rain culture is adopted, and when the leaves are obviously curled, the water content of the soil is kept above 80% by one-time irrigation; rain culture is carried out in the booting stage, heading stage and grouting stage, when the leaves are obviously curled, the irrigation is continued for one time to moisten the field and keep the water content of the soil to be more than 80%; harvesting first season rice: and (5) moisture management in the regeneration season. Compared with the conventional cultivation mode of dry farming and early and late rice of rice in one season, the method has the advantages that the stubble openings of the two seasons are closely connected, the time and the labor are saved, the utilization efficiency of land and light and temperature resources is improved, and the benefit yield in agricultural production is increased. Compared with the conventional ratoon rice cultivation mode, the method adopts a reasonable water management mode in two seasons, greatly reduces irrigation water input and manual input, and obviously reduces cost input in agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ratoon rice systems, in particular to a two-season dry farming technical method for a ratoon rice system.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops in China, the planting area is wide, but the current rice production faces a plurality of challenges; for example, seasonal drought, severe water waste, low agricultural mechanization and insufficient agricultural practitioners; further improvement of agricultural production efficiency is limited; aiming at the outstanding problems in agricultural production, the rice water-saving cultivation mode which is light, simple and economical and efficient is developed to improve the agricultural production benefit, and is necessary for increasing the attraction of agricultural production and carrying out sustainable development of agriculture.
In recent years, economic and market potential of ratoon rice (ratoon rice has high quality and low production investment) is gradually discovered; in addition, in part of double cropping rice cropping areas of one year, the application of the ratoon rice cultivation mode is expanded year by year. However, if the two-season dry farming is realized in the ratoon rice cultivation mode, the advantages of the dry farming cultivation mode and the ratoon rice cultivation mode are combined, and the comprehensive benefit of the rice dry farming cultivation mode is further improved. Therefore, on the basis of a theoretical system of a cultivation technology of dry farming and ratooning rice, the advantages and the characteristics of the theoretical system of the conventional flood irrigation and dry farming cultivation technology in a ratooning rice cultivation mode are contrastively analyzed, the water management technology of the two-season dry farming cultivation technology of the ratooning rice system is optimized, the relation among water saving, high yield and high efficiency in the dry farming cultivation process of the rice is solved, the economic and social benefits of dry farming of the rice are further improved, and the method has important significance for promoting sustainable development of rice cultivation. Therefore, it becomes necessary to provide a high-yield and efficient two-season dry farming method for a ratoon rice system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a two-season dry farming cultivation technical method for a ratoon rice system, optimizes a water management technology of the two-season dry farming cultivation technology of the ratoon rice system, can further improve economic and social benefits of dry farming of rice and promote sustainable development of rice cultivation, and solves the technical problem of the relation between water saving, high yield and high efficiency in the dry farming cultivation process of rice in the prior art.
The scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a two-season dry farming technical method for a ratoon rice system comprises the following steps:
step one, sowing regeneration rice seeds;
step two, managing water;
in the seedling stage and seedling standing stage, the rice field is not covered with water layer, and the water content of the soil is kept above 80%; the rain culture is taken as the main point after the tillering stage, and when the leaves are obviously curled, the irrigation is carried out once to keep the water content of the soil above 80 percent; the booting stage, heading stage and grouting stage are mainly rain-fed, when the leaves are obviously curled, the irrigation is continued for one time to moisten the field and keep the water content of the soil to be more than 80%; the yellow mature period is mainly rain-fed, and irrigation is not needed;
step three, harvesting first season rice:
step four, managing the water in the regeneration season, keeping the water layer for 3-5cm in time in 3 days after harvesting in the first season, and then maintaining the soil to be moist until the top leaves grow out and are spread for rain culture:
and step five, harvesting.
Further, a regeneration season nutrient management step is included between the fourth step and the fifth step, and nitrogen is applied at 46kg/hm while water is supplied after the first season rice is harvested2。
Further, the method also comprises the following steps between the second step and the third step:
weeding, namely broadcasting a weed sealing agent within 3-4 days after sowing, and spraying a dry rice herbicide when 3 leaves and one core of rice are planted;
the weeds in the seedling stage of the middle-season rice are mainly barnyard grass, moleplant seed and monochoria vaginalis, and the corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide is selected for preventing and treating;
the tillering and jointing stage mainly prevents and treats the moleplant seed and the monochoria vaginalis, and corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide is selected for prevention and treatment;
the cockspur grass, the cyperus esculentus and the alternanthera philoxeroides are mainly controlled in the spike-aligning period, corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are selected for control in time in the 2-3 leaf period of the weeds, and the dosage is increased by 5 percent on the basis of the use of general pesticides;
a step of pest control, in which pesticides are sprayed to control false smut, sheath blight and rice blast 5 days before the opening of rice and 40-60% of the opening of rice in the late stage of rice booting; the pesticide is applied to prevent and control rice planthopper and chilo suppressalis when the quantity of the hundreds of parasites reaches 1000 in the middle and later stages of the growth of rice.
Further, a step of managing diseases, insect pests and weeds in the regeneration season is included between the step two and the step three, and pesticides are sprayed to prevent false smut 5 days before the opening of the rice and 40-60% of the opening of the rice; in the later growth period of rice, pesticide is applied to prevent and control rice planthopper; the spike-adjusting period should be used for mainly preventing barnyard grass, cyperus esculentus and alternanthera philoxeroides, corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are used for preventing and controlling weeds in the 2-3 leaf period, and the dosage is increased by 5% based on the use of general pesticides.
Further, in the two-season water management mode of the second step and the fourth step, the water content of the soil is maintained to be more than 80% for 7 days during first-season sowing, and then a rain-fed water management mode is adopted until first-season harvesting; immediately watering after harvesting in the first season, maintaining a water layer for more than 3cm for 10 days, and then adopting a rain-fed water management mode until harvesting in the first season.
Further, in the two-season water management mode of the second step and the fourth step, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied in the form of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer within 1-2 days before the first-season sowing, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three times, and the base fertilizer with 96kgN/hm is applied in the form of compound fertilizer in the first season2Applying spike fertilizer 96kgN/hm in the heading and flowering period2And applying a germination-promoting fertilizer 46kgN/hm2 within 3 days after harvesting in the first season.
Further, a soil preparation step is also included before the step one, before sowing, the soil is leveled and finely raked, the water of the bottom soil is supplemented, and the soil humidity is kept between 85 percent and 90 percent; fertilizing: the application of the base fertilizer is carried out in a base additional fertilizer application mode, the base fertilizer application is finished within 1-2 days before sowing after the soil preparation is finished, and the base fertilizer application amount is 600kg/hm2Compound fertilizers are generally adopted (N: P: K: 16: 16: 16); wherein, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied at one time in the form of a base fertilizer, and the application proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer is that the base fertilizer: panicle fertilizer 5: 5, applying the spike fertilizer at a ratio of 96kgN/hm2The top dressing is applied along with the water fertilization.
Further, after the fertilizing step, the method also comprises the following steps:
selecting varieties, namely selecting the varieties which are approved by the crop variety approval committee of the region or approved and suitable for being planted in the region by the national crop variety approval committee, meeting the light-temperature resource characteristics of the region, producing high-yield high-quality water or saving water and resisting drought early-medium rice varieties, and having the growth period of 120-plus 135 days;
it is understood that the light-temperature resource characteristics include some climate characteristics, such as photosynthetically active radiation characteristics, active temperature accumulation characteristics.
Seed sunning: the seeds are full and uniform, have consistent seed types, are free from diseases and pests and are free from breakage, and the seeds are sunned for 8-9 hours before being soaked;
seed soaking: in the daytime, seeds are put into flowing clear water, 4 percent of prochloraz water solution is added for soaking the seeds for 24 to 36 hours;
seed dressing: after the seeds are soaked, the registered rice seed dressing agent is selected for dressing the seeds, and the concentration of the seed dressing agent is adjusted according to different product specifications so as to prevent and control underground pests and diseases in seedling stage.
Further, in the seeding step of the step one:
the sowing date is reasonably arranged according to the climate characteristics of the sowing date region and the heading date of the medium-grade rice variety, so that the influence of high and low temperatures (the high temperature is greater than 30 ℃, and the low temperature is less than 22 ℃) is avoided, heading at the high temperature is avoided, and late sowing is carried out to ensure that the lowest temperature of the heading date is not lower than 22-23 ℃ (indica rice) and 20 ℃ (japonica rice).
Further, in the weeding step, the weed blocking agent is: the pyrimethanil and pretilachlor wettable powder is applied in an amount of 0.75kg/hm2 and is sprayed by a solution of 0.0025 g/mL; the dry rice herbicide comprises: meofengqianjin g-25% cyhalofop-butyl water emulsion, the application amount is 1.65kg/hm2Spraying 0.055g/mL solution;
wherein the pesticide for preventing and treating false smut in the step of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is epoxiconazole spraying, and the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2Spraying with 0.0025g/mL water solution; the pesticide for preventing and controlling the rice planthopper isBuprofezin wettable powder with the application amount of 0.75kg/hm2Spraying was carried out with 0.0025g/mL of aqueous solution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a two-season dry farming technical method for a ratoon rice system, which has the following advantages:
1. compared with a one-season rice dry farming cultivation mode and a conventional early and late rice cultivation mode, the two-season rice dry farming cultivation method has the advantages that the stubble openings of the two seasons are closely connected, time and labor are saved, the land and light and temperature resource utilization efficiency is further improved, the agricultural production investment is reduced, and the benefit output in the agricultural production is increased.
2. Compared with the conventional ratoon rice cultivation mode, the method has the advantages that a reasonable moisture management mode is adopted in the first season and the regeneration season, namely, the ratoon rice dry farming cultivation mode is adopted, the irrigation moisture input and the manual input are greatly reduced, and the cost input in agricultural production is obviously reduced.
The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and in order to provide a clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to be implemented in accordance with the present specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail by the following examples.
Detailed Description
The following is a description of the principles and features of the present invention, the examples being included merely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The present invention is more particularly described in the following paragraphs by way of example. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The invention provides the following examples and comparative examples, which are carried out in 2019 in experimental plots (112 degrees 45 'east longitude and 31 degrees 58' north latitude) of Huazhong agriculture university in Wuhan City, Hubei province, the experimental area is 0.1hm2, and the basic physicochemical properties of soil in a plough layer (0-20cm) of the experimental plot are as follows: the PH value of the soil is 6.03, the organic matter is 39.84g/kg, the total nitrogen is 1.32mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 8.25mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 90mg/kg, and the volume weight is 1.12g/cm3。
Example 1
The two-season dry farming cultivation technical method adopting the ratoon rice system comprises the following steps:
1. land preparation:
soil preparation is carried out by using an agricultural machine in 12 months 4 and 4 in 2019, the soil is leveled and finely raked, bottom moisture is supplemented, and the soil humidity is kept between 85% and 90%, so that the soil is in a state to be sowed.
2. Fertilizing:
applying base fertilizer in 2019, 4 and 13 months, wherein the base fertilizer is compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 16: 16: 16), and the application amount is 600kg/hm 2; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application, and the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the base fertilizer and a spike fertilizer in the application ratio of 5: and 5, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer in 2019, 7 and 20 days, and applying 96kgN/hm2 along with irrigation water in the heading and flowering period of the rice.
3. Variety selection:
indica type three-line hybrid rice drought-resistant excellent 73 seeds are selected, provided by the Shanghai agricultural biological gene center, and have the advantages of first-grade drought resistance, strong tillering capability, thick and strong stems, fertilizer tolerance and lodging resistance, and the whole growth period is about 123 days.
4. Sun-drying seeds:
and 4, in 2019, in 4 and 13 months, the seeds are put into a mesh bag and hung on an airing rack for airing the seeds for 9 hours (9: 00-18:00), and the seeds are prevented from being directly placed on a cement floor during airing and the seeds are prevented from being scalded to influence germination.
5. Seed soaking:
the seeds are put into 4 wt% of prochloraz aqueous solution in 2019, 4 months and 14 days, so that the seeds are immersed in the prochloraz aqueous solution for 24 hours at 25 ℃.
6. Seed dressing:
and after the seeds are soaked in the seed dressing agent, selecting the registered rice seed dressing agent for dressing the seeds, and adjusting the concentration of the seed dressing agent according to different product specifications so as to prevent and treat underground pests and diseases in seedling stage in 2019, 4, 16.
7. Sowing:
seeding in a manual drilling mode on 16 days 4 months in 2019, wherein the seed amount is 30kg/hm 2; the line spacing was 25 cm.
8. Weeding:
4.4.17 days in 2019, the herbicide-pyrithiobac-pretilachlor wettable powder is applied in a broadcast manner, and the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2Spraying with 0.0025g/mL solution;
when 3 leaves and one heart of rice are sprayed with dry rice herbicide meofengqianjin g-25% cyhalofop-butyl aqueous emulsion, the application amount is 1.65kg/hm2Spraying was carried out with 0.055g/mL of solution.
9. Water content management:
in the seedling stage and the seedling stage (seedling homogenizing stage), the rice field is kept at a water-free layer, but the field is kept wet (the field water holding capacity is 80-90%, and the soil water potential is less than 1.0 kPa); rain culture is mainly performed after the tillering stage, when the leaves are obviously curled, the field is irrigated once to be wet, and a water layer is not required to be maintained and the field is not required to be sunned; the method mainly comprises the steps of rain culture in the booting stage, the heading stage and the grouting stage, when the leaves are obviously curled, irrigation is carried out once to moisten the field, and a water layer does not need to be kept;
irrigation is not needed in the yellow ripening period.
10. And (3) pest control:
spraying and spraying epoxiconazole at the late stage of rice spike pregnancy, 5 days before the rice break and 40-60% of the rice break, wherein the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2Spraying 0.0025g/mL aqueous solution to prevent false smut;
growth of riceIn the later stage of breeding, when the quantity of the bushy insects reaches 1000, the buprofezin wettable powder is immediately applied, and the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2Spraying was carried out with 0.0025g/mL of aqueous solution.
11. Harvesting first season rice:
and 8, 8 and 25 days in 2019, wherein more than 95 percent of rice ears are yellow and ripe, and the rice ears are harvested by manpower after leaving 40cm of stubbles.
12. Rice field treatment:
after harvesting, the straws are ground on the spot and covered to the field, and the soil is fertilized.
13. And (3) water management in the regeneration season:
and timely watering in 2019, 8 and 25 days, keeping the water layer at 3-5cm, allowing the water layer to disappear, maintaining the soil to be wet until the leaves at the top end grow and flatten (about 10 days), and then performing rain culture.
14. And (3) nutrient management in the regeneration season:
adding water in 8 months and 25 days in 2019, and applying nitrogen at a rate of 46kg/hm2。
15. And (3) managing diseases, pests and weeds in the regeneration season:
spraying pesticide to prevent false smut 5 days before and 40-60% after the rice is cracked; in the later growth period of rice, pesticide is applied to prevent and control rice planthopper; the cockspur grass, the cyperus esculentus and the alternanthera philoxeroides are mainly controlled in the ear growing period, corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are selected for control in the 2-3 leaf period of the weeds, and the dosage can be increased by 5% based on the use of general pesticides.
16. Harvesting:
and in 2019, 10, 25 and more than 95 percent of rice ears are yellow and ripe, manual harvesting is carried out, and the straws are returned to the field again.
Example 2
The operation and the steps of the embodiment 2 are the same as those of the embodiment 1, the only difference is the rice variety, the embodiment 2 adopts the conventional rice variety Huanghuazhan with high yield and high quality, the conventional rice with weak drought resistance is purchased from the Ministry of Shanghai seeds in flood and mountainous areas of Wuhan city, the fertilizer tolerance, lodging resistance and ultrahigh yield performance are realized on the production, the whole growth period is about 130 days, and the seed consumption of the Huanghuazhan seed is 60kg/hm2。
Comparative example 1
The conventional cultivation technical method of the ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
1. land preparation:
soil preparation is carried out by using an agricultural machine in 12 months 4 and 4 in 2019, the soil is leveled and finely raked, bottom moisture is supplemented, and the soil humidity is kept between 85% and 90%, so that the soil is in a state to be sowed.
2. Fertilizing:
applying base fertilizer in 5 months and 9 days in 2019, wherein the base fertilizer is compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 16: 16: 16), and the application amount is 600kg/hm 2; the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application, and the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the base fertilizer and a spike fertilizer in the application ratio of 5: and 5, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer in 2019, 7 and 20 days, and applying 96kgN/hm2 along with irrigation water in the heading and flowering period of the rice.
3. Selecting a variety:
the indica type three-line hybrid rice drought-resistant excellent 73 seeds are selected, provided by the Shanghai agricultural biological gene center, have the first-grade drought resistance, and are strong in tillering capacity, thick and strong in stalks, resistant to fertilizer and lodging and approximately 123 days in the whole growth period.
4. Sun-drying seeds:
and 4, in 2019, in 4 and 13 months, the seeds are put into a mesh bag and hung on an airing rack for airing the seeds for 9 hours (9: 00-18:00), and the seeds are prevented from being directly placed on a cement floor during airing and the seeds are prevented from being scalded to influence germination.
5. Seed soaking:
the seeds are put into 4 percent aqueous solution of prochloraz within 2019, 4 months and 14 days, so that the seeds are immersed in the aqueous solution of the prochloraz, and the seeds are immersed for 24 hours at 25 ℃.
6. Accelerating germination:
in 2019, 4, 16, the seeds are washed with warm water (25-30 ℃) for 2-4 times, then wrapped with a wet towel (water loss in the seed germination accelerating process is avoided), placed in a constant-temperature incubator, accelerated to germinate for 36-72 hours (long for one grain of radicle and half grain of radicle), and taken out for sowing.
7. Seedling raising:
and 4, 18 days in 2019 to 19 days in 4 months, starting to raise the seedling of the seeds which are accelerated to sprout in a seedling bed (the seed amount is calculated by 52 strains/m 2).
8. Transplanting:
and 5, 11 months and 5 days in 2019, transplanting seedlings, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 13cm multiplied by 30 cm.
9. Weeding and pest control:
in 24 days in 5 months in 2019, a mixed herbicide prepared from butachlor 1.5L/hm2, benazolin 1.5L/hm2, bensulfuron methyl 0.9kg/hm2 and oxaceracin 0.225kg/hm2 is sprayed immediately after the paddy field is prepared and when muddy water is not clear, a water layer of 3-5cm is kept in the paddy field during pesticide application and is kept for 5-7 days continuously; the prevention of plant diseases and insect pests adopts the following mode that at the late stage of rice ear pregnancy, about 5 days before the rice is cut and about 50 percent of the rice is cut, epoxiconazole (the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2, and the epoxiconazole is sprayed by 0.0025g/mL solution) or other high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides which meet the national regulation are sprayed to prevent and treat false smut. In the later growth period of rice, when the quantity of the bushy insects reaches 1000, buprofezin wettable powder (the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2, 0.0025g/mL solution is recommended to be sprayed) or other high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides which meet the national regulation are used for preventing and treating rice planthoppers.
10. Water content management:
and (3) sunning the field when the field population reaches 70-80% of the effective spike in the full tillering stage for 6 days, keeping a water layer of 3-5cm in the field in other growth stages, and not irrigating and keeping the water layer in the yellow maturity stage.
11. Harvesting:
and 6, 30 days in 8 months in 2019, wherein more than 95 percent of rice ears are yellow and ripe, and rice is harvested manually.
12. Rice field treatment:
after harvesting, the straws are ground on the spot and covered to the field, and the soil is fertilized. And (3) timely watering the first cropping rice within 3 days after harvesting, and keeping the water layer at 3-5 cm.
13. And (3) water management in the regeneration season:
and (4) watering in 2019, 8 and 31 days, and maintaining the water layer in the rice field for 3-5cm until the yellow ripe stage.
14. And (3) nutrient management in the regeneration season:
adding water in 8 months and 31 days in 2019, and applying nitrogen at a rate of 46kg/hm2。
15. And (3) managing diseases, pests and weeds in the regeneration season:
spraying pesticide to prevent false smut 5 days before and 40-60% after the rice is cracked; in the later growth period of rice, pesticide is applied to prevent and control rice planthopper; the cockspur grass, the cyperus esculentus and the alternanthera philoxeroides are mainly controlled in the ear growing period, corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are selected for control in the 2-3 leaf period of the weeds, and the dosage can be increased by 5% based on the use of general pesticides.
16. Harvesting:
and in 2019, 10, 25 and more than 95 percent of rice ears are yellow and ripe, manual harvesting is carried out, and the straws are returned to the field again.
Comparative example 2
The operation and steps of the comparative example 2 are the same as those of the comparative example 1, the only difference is the rice variety, the comparative example 2 selects Huanghuazhan seeds, the seeds are purchased from the Ministry of Shanghai seeds of flood mountain areas in Wuhan city, the conventional rice with weak drought resistance shows the fertilizer resistance, lodging resistance and ultrahigh yield performance on production, and the whole growth period is about 130 days.
Ultra-high yield or water-saving drought-resistant rice variety yield and economic benefit under conditions of different cultivation modes on surface
Note: f: flooding and irrigating conventionally; d: dry farming of rice; HHZ: huanghuazhan; HY 73: drought excellence 73
First season: compared with the conventional flooding irrigation, the dry farming yield and the total income of the rice are reduced by 24.6 percent, but the total expenditure is reduced by 44.8 percent, the pure income is increased by 13.5 percent, and the economic benefit is increased by 37.1 percent. Compared with HHZ, the yield of HY73 is increased by 1.4%, the total expenditure is increased by 15%, the pure income is reduced by 14.6%, and the economic benefit is reduced by 13.3%. Under dry farming conditions, compared with HHZ, the yield of HY73 is improved by 10.5%, the total expenditure is increased by 29.3%, the pure income is reduced by 4.2%, and the economic benefit is reduced by 14.5%.
Regeneration season: compared with the conventional flooding irrigation, the dry farming yield and the total income of the rice are reduced by 20.7 percent, but the total expenditure is reduced by 77.7 percent, the pure income is increased by 2.3 percent, and the economic benefit is increased by 25.6 percent. Compared with HHZ, the yield of HY73 is increased by 3.9%, the total expenditure is not different, the pure income is increased by 4.9%, and the economic benefit is increased by 14.2%. Under dry farming conditions, compared with HHZ, the yield of HY73 is improved by 21.4%, the total expenditure is not different, the pure income is increased by 23.6%, and the economic benefit is increased by 21.5%.
And (4) integrating two seasons: compared with the conventional flooding irrigation, the dry farming yield and the total income of the rice are reduced by 24.8 percent, but the total expenditure is reduced by 54.2 percent, the pure income is increased by 2.3 percent, and the economic benefit is increased by 64.8 percent. Compared with HHZ, the yield of HY73 is increased by 0.23%, the total expenditure is increased by 11.2%, the pure income is reduced by 6.5%, and the economic benefit is reduced by 11.6%. Under dry farming conditions, compared with HHZ, the yield of HY73 is improved by 9.9%, the total expenditure is increased by 24.7%, the pure income is increased by 4.3%, and the economic benefit is reduced by 11.8%.
Therefore, it is preferable to select HY73 first for dry farming of rice in two seasons in terms of pure income and economic benefit.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner; however, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, and evolutions of the equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A two-season dry farming technical method for a ratoon rice system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, sowing regeneration rice seeds;
step two, managing water;
in the seedling stage and the seedling standing stage, the rice field is not provided with a water layer, and the field water capacity is kept to be more than 80%; the rain culture is taken as the main point after the tillering stage, and when the leaves are obviously curled, the field water holding capacity is kept above 80% by irrigating once; the booting stage, heading stage and grouting stage are mainly rain-fed, when the leaves are obviously curled, the irrigation is continued for one time to moisten the field and keep the field water-holding capacity to be more than 80%; the yellow mature period is mainly rain-fed, and irrigation is not needed;
step three, harvesting first season rice;
step four, managing the water in the regeneration season, timely watering within 3 days after harvesting in the first season, keeping the water layer at 3-5cm, and then maintaining the soil to be moist until the top leaves grow out and are spread flat for rain culture;
and step five, harvesting.
2. The two-season dry farming technical method for ratooning rice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein between the fourth step and the fifth step further comprises a ratooning season nutrient management step, wherein 46kg/hm of nitrogen is applied while watering the first season rice after harvesting2。
3. The two-season dry farming technical method for a ratoon rice system according to claim 1, further comprising, between step two and step three:
weeding, namely broadcasting a weed sealing agent within 3-4 days after sowing, and spraying a dry rice herbicide when 3 leaves and one core of rice are planted;
the weeds in the seedling stage of the middle-season rice are mainly barnyard grass, moleplant seed and monochoria vaginalis, and the corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide is selected for preventing and treating;
the tillering and jointing stage mainly prevents and treats the moleplant seed and the monochoria vaginalis, and corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide is selected for prevention and treatment;
the cockspur grass, the cyperus esculentus and the alternanthera philoxeroides are mainly controlled in the spike-aligning period, corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are selected for control in time in the 2-3 leaf period of the weeds, and the dosage is increased by 5 percent on the basis of the use of general pesticides;
a step of pest control, in which pesticides are sprayed to control false smut, sheath blight and rice blast 5 days before the opening of rice and 40-60% of the opening of rice in the late stage of rice booting; the pesticide is applied to prevent and control rice planthopper and chilo suppressalis when the quantity of the hundreds of parasites reaches 1000 in the middle and later stages of the growth of rice.
4. The two-season dry farming technical method for the ratoon rice system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a step of managing diseases, pests and weeds of the ratoon rice between the second step and the third step, wherein pesticide is sprayed to prevent false smut 5 days before the rice is broken and 40-60% of the rice is broken; in the later growth period of rice, pesticide is applied to prevent and control rice planthopper; the spike-adjusting period should be used for mainly preventing barnyard grass, cyperus esculentus and alternanthera philoxeroides, corresponding high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides are used for preventing and controlling weeds in the 2-3 leaf period, and the dosage is increased by 5% based on the use of general pesticides.
5. The two-season dry farming technical method for a ratoon rice system according to claim 1, wherein in the two-season moisture management mode of the second step and the fourth step, the soil moisture content is maintained for 7 days above 80% when the seeds are sowed in the first season, and then the moisture management mode of rain culture is adopted until the seeds are harvested in the first season; immediately watering after harvesting in the first season, maintaining a water layer for more than 3cm for 10 days, and then adopting a rain-fed water management mode until harvesting in the first season.
6. The two-season dry farming technical method for the ratoon rice system as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the two-season moisture management mode of step two and step four, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer within 1-2 days before the first-season seeding in the form of a compound fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three times, and the base fertilizer of 96kgN/hm is applied in the first season in the form of a compound fertilizer2Applying spike fertilizer 96kgN/hm in the heading and flowering period2Applying a germination-promoting fertilizer of 46kgN/hm within 3 days after harvesting in the first season2。
7. The two-season dry farming technical method for the ratoon rice system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a soil preparation step before the first step, wherein the soil is leveled and raked to be fine before sowing, the bottom moisture is supplemented, and the soil humidity is kept between 85% and 90%; fertilizing: the application of the base fertilizer is carried out in a base additional fertilizer application mode, the base fertilizer application is finished within 1-2 days before sowing after the soil preparation is finished, and the base fertilizer application amount is 600kg/hm2Compound fertilizers are generally adopted (N: P: K: 16: 16: 16); wherein, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied at one time in the form of a base fertilizer, and the application proportion of the nitrogen fertilizer is that the base fertilizer: spike fertilizer is 5: 5, applying the spike fertilizer at a ratio of 96kgN/hm2The top dressing is applied along with the water fertilization.
8. The two-season dry farming technical method for a ratoon rice system according to claim 7, further comprising, after the fertilizing step:
selecting varieties, namely selecting the varieties which are approved by the local crop variety approval committee or the national crop variety approval committee to be approved and suitable for planting in the local area, meeting the light-temperature resource characteristics of the area, and obtaining high-yield high-quality water or water-saving drought-resistant early-medium rice varieties with the growth period of 120-plus 135 days;
seed sunning: the seeds are full and uniform, have consistent seed types, are free from diseases and pests and are free from breakage, and the seeds are sunned for 8-9 hours before being soaked;
seed soaking: in the daytime, seeds are put into flowing clear water, 4 percent of prochloraz water solution is added for soaking the seeds for 24 to 36 hours;
seed dressing: after the seeds are soaked, the registered rice seed dressing agent is selected for dressing the seeds, and the concentration of the seed dressing agent is adjusted according to different product specifications so as to prevent and control underground pests and diseases in seedling stage.
9. The two-season dry farming technical method for ratooning rice system according to claim 1, wherein in the seeding step of step one:
the sowing date is reasonably arranged according to the climate characteristics of the sowing date region and the heading date of the medium-grade rice variety, so that the influence of high and low temperatures (the high temperature is more than 30 ℃, and the low temperature is less than 22 ℃) is avoided, heading at the high temperature is avoided, and the lowest temperature of the heading date is ensured to be not lower than 22-23 ℃ (indica rice) and 20 ℃ (japonica rice) in the late sowing.
10. A two-season dry-farming technical method for ratooning rice system according to claim 3, wherein in the weeding step, the weed killer is: pyriminobac-pretilachlor wettable powder with the application amount of 0.75kg/hm2Spraying 0.0025g/mL solution; the dry rice herbicide comprises: meofengqianjin g-25% cyhalofop-butyl water emulsion, the application amount is 1.65kg/hm2To do so bySpraying 0.055g/mL solution;
wherein the pesticide for preventing and treating false smut in the step of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is epoxiconazole spraying, and the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2Spraying with 0.0025g/mL water solution; the pesticide for preventing and controlling the rice planthoppers is buprofezin wettable powder, and the application amount is 0.75kg/hm2Spraying was carried out with 0.0025g/mL of aqueous solution.
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