CN112470834B - High-yield planting method for cherry tomatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises five steps of seedling raising, field planting management, field planting and seedling revival, management before harvesting and management in a harvest period, and comprises the following steps of: applying various beneficial microbial insecticides, plant vaccines and the like in the seedling stage for pest control, and supplementing nutrient substances according to growth conditions for strengthening seedlings, so as to obtain healthy and strong clean seedlings for field planting; after planting, applying the compound microorganisms, and preferably selecting and selecting the compound microorganisms in proportion, so that the growth of plants is remarkably promoted, and plant diseases and insect pests are avoided; after the plants bloom, the carposinte and the bumblebee are pollinated and used together, so that the fruit setting rate is obviously improved; and strict field management and disease, pest and weed management are combined, so that the yield and the quality of the cherry tomatoes are obviously improved, the occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced, and the economic benefit is higher.

Description

A high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cherry tomato cultivation, and in particular relates to a high-yield planting method of cherry tomato.

Background technique

Cherry tomatoes, also known as cherry tomatoes, small tomatoes, small tomato fruits, etc., can be used as both vegetables and fruits, and the vitamin content is 1.7 times that of ordinary tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes are annual herbs belonging to the genus Solanaceae. They have strong adaptability and good resistance. They like potassium fertilizer and light, and require more water. The relative air humidity is 45% to 50%. It can be used in all seasons in my country. Cultivation. Because of its exquisite and lovely appearance, high sugar content, sweet and delicious taste, and unique flavor, it is widely loved by consumers. Therefore, how to improve the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes is the main research direction of Chinese researchers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes, by optimizing the planting method, specifically: spraying beneficial microorganisms and pesticides according to the growth conditions to carry out pest control and nutrient supplementation, Bumblebees are used in combination to improve pollination and fruit set rates, carry out strict temperature and field management, and supplement nutrients in time according to growth conditions, thereby significantly improving the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes, and realizing high-yield and high-quality cherry tomatoes.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes, the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1. Seedling raising: soak the seeds in hot water at 55°C for 15-20 minutes, then accelerate germination at 25-30°C, sow them in nutrient soil after germination, water Trichoderma harzianum at 1-3 g/m ² , and control the growth temperature at the same time The temperature is 20-30 ℃ during the day and 12-20 ℃ at night. After the seedlings grow three true leaves, boron and phosphorus elements are supplemented, and the seedlings are cooled and hardened one week before the planting, and the plant vaccine and spirotetramat are sprayed 2 days before the planting;

Step 2. Management of planting land: before planting, seal the shed, and disinfect the shed, then spread 40-60Kg compound fertilizer and 70-80Kg silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer per mu, and apply 120-200Kg decomposed oil in the furrow. At the same time, water is used to create moisture before planting, and the greenhouse is closed to increase the ground temperature;

Step 3, planting slow seedlings: transplant the seedlings obtained in step 1 into the shed, pour root-fixing water after planting, and then drip 150 g/mu of 100 billion cfu/g compound microorganisms, and control the temperature to be 25 to 30 ° C during the day, 18-20°C at night, the day and night temperature decreases by 5°C after slowing the seedling, and the compound microorganism is applied every other month;

Step 4. Pre-harvest management: 10 days after slowing the seedlings, drip irrigation with potassium fulvic acid 200g/mu, control the temperature to be 22-27°C during the day, 13-18°C at night and control the flourishing, and put down when the plant height is 15-20cm Plants, after the plants bloom, use sagolin and bumblebees for pollination;

Step 5. Harvest period management: After each ear of fruit begins to change color, cut off the lower old leaves in time, control the water properly before the fruit starts to be harvested, so as to improve the accumulation of dry matter of the fruit, and cut off the useless empty fruit branches in time after the harvest of each ear of fruit, and fall.

Further, the composite microorganism in step 3 is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes with a colony count of 1:1:2:1. By optimizing the types of microorganisms and adjusting their proportions, it can not only play a role in disease prevention, but also improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by plants through the catabolism of fertilizers by microorganisms, thereby significantly improving yield and quality.

Further, the nutrient soil described in step 1 is peat, vermiculite and perlite with a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5, and is mixed with vermicompost of 20Kg/m ² .

Further, step 1 also includes spraying Bacillus subtilis to prevent disease, and spraying pyrethrin to prevent insects.

Further, in step 2, the straw biological reaction and the high temperature of solar energy are used to sterilize the greenhouse.

Further, in step 4, control of the boom is performed by spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Further, in step 4, the use of cocoamin and bumblebees for pollination is specifically as follows: artificial pollination is performed by using cocoamin in the early stage after flowering, and when 80% of the plants bloom, the bumblebee is introduced for pollination.

Further, in step 5, high potassium, medium nitrogen and low phosphorus water-soluble fertilizers and trace elements are applied every 10 days.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention optimizes the planting method of cherry tomatoes, including: applying Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, pyrethrin, plant vaccine, spirotetramat at the seedling stage and other plant diseases and insect pests, and supplement nutrients to strengthen the seedlings according to the growth conditions, so as to obtain robust and clean seedlings for colonization; after the colonization, compound microorganisms are applied. It avoids the impact of pests and diseases on the plants, thus significantly improving the quality and yield; after the plants bloom, the combined use of guojilin and bumblebees for pollination significantly improves the fruit set rate; combined with strict field management and management of pests and weeds , significantly improve the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, so it has higher economic benefits and ensures the sustainability of production development.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The present embodiment provides a high-yield planting method of cherry tomatoes, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Seedling raising: According to the planting season and method, select varieties with wide adaptability, disease resistance and strong stress resistance, such as Millennium, Longqi, Jingdan Emerald, etc., soak the seeds in 55℃ hot water for 15 minutes, then Wash the seeds with clean water, soak them in warm water at 30°C for 6-8 hours, then wrap them in a clean damp cloth and germinate at 25-30°C. Mix peat, vermiculite and perlite with a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5, add vermicompost 20kg/m ² and mix them evenly as nutrient soil, and point the germinated seeds into a plug filled with nutrient soil , One grain per hole, covered with 10cm thick nutrient soil, watered, put into the seedbed, and finally poured 2g of Trichoderma harzianum per square meter of seedlings to prevent seedling diseases. Control the growth temperature at the seedling stage. Before emergence, keep the temperature at 25-30 °C during the day and 17-20 °C at night. And according to the humidity in time to water the water. After the seedlings grow three true leaves, boron and phosphorus elements are added to promote flower bud differentiation. And one week before the planting, the temperature was cooled and the seedlings were refined. Two days before the planting, the hypersensitivity protein plant vaccine (from Sichuan Haibo's Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) and spirotetramat (from Bayer) were sprayed to prevent plant virus diseases and aphids and whitefly. . In order to achieve strong and clean seedlings into the field.

Step 2. Planting land management: in mid-May, after the previous crop is cleaned up, fodder corn is spread in the greenhouse, and in mid-July, it is crushed with a stubble-killer, and 10kg of urea is applied per mu. After deep ploughing, the ridges are covered with plastic film and filled with water, and the closed shed uses straw bioreactors and solar energy high-temperature disinfection and sterilization in July, August and September. After disinfection, open the shed, remove the mulch, and rotate the soil. 20 days before planting, 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer (from Anyang Zhongsheng Fertilizer Industry Technology Co., Ltd.), 80kg of siliceous calcium mineral fertilizer (from Shandong Heze Aolidan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and decomposed oil were applied per mu. Dry 150kg. Raise a high ridge, the width of the border is 1m-1.2m, and the depth of the border is more than 30cm. Three drip irrigation pipes were laid on the ridge surface, evenly distributed at a distance of 20 cm, and the middle one was close to the root of the plant. In winter, the ridge surface was covered with transparent plastic film, watered 10 days in advance to create moisture, and the ground temperature was raised in a closed greenhouse.

Step 3. Planting slow seedlings: The seedlings in step 1 grow to a seedling age of 30-35 days, and are transplanted into the greenhouse. Determine the appropriate density according to the characteristics of the variety and cultivation conditions. For single row planting, the general plant spacing is 20cm, and 2200-2400 plants per mu are planted. After planting, the three droppers are opened at the same time to pour the fixed root water. Since the entropy has been created in advance, the fixed root water can be moderately less. water to avoid lowering the ground temperature. After the fixed root water is poured, only open the middle dropper, and use a fertilizer applicator to drip 150 g/mu of 100 billion cfu/g composite microorganisms, wherein the composite microorganisms are composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with a colony count of 1:1:2:1. , Lactobacillus brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes. Stop the water after the bacterial agent in the tube is dripped, and stop dripping water to prevent the concentration of the root bacterial solution from being reduced, and then apply it every other month. The airtight greenhouse increases the ground temperature, the temperature is 25-30 ℃ during the day, and 18-20 ℃ at night. After slowing the seedlings, the day and night temperature is reduced by 5 ℃, and ventilation is increased.

Step 4. Pre-harvest management: 10 days after slowing the seedlings, drip irrigation of 200g/mu of potassium fulvic acid to promote root expansion and deep rooting. When the plant height is 15-20cm, gently lay the plants down alternately to the left and right in the afternoon on a sunny day. Appropriate late hanging of the seedlings is beneficial to control the growth of the plants. The seedlings can be hung, panned, and forked when the first ear of fruit begins to be pollinated. After the plants bloom, the plants are pollinated by co-pollinating with bumblebees. In the early stage after blooming, the plants are artificially pollinated with bumblebees, and when 80% of the plants bloom, the bumblebees are introduced for pollination.

Step 5. Harvest period management: control the ambient temperature to be 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-20 ℃ at night, strengthen ventilation and ventilation, and cut off the lower old leaves in time after each ear of fruit begins to change color. Water should be properly controlled before the fruit is harvested to increase the accumulation of dry matter in the fruit. After each ear of fruit is harvested, the useless empty fruit branches should be cut off in time, and the vines will fall, and two leaves should be left on the last ear of the reserved ear for topping.

Management of diseases, pests and weeds during planting: Follow the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control", based on agricultural control, select disease-resistant varieties, apply biotechnology, implement reverse crop rotation, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and protect biodiversity and ecology environment and maintain the sustainability of production development.

Prevention and control of pests and weeds: 1. Clean the shed in time, turn over the ground, and sterilize the shed under high temperature;

2. Increase the application of organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers, use beneficial biocontrol bacteria, restore the balance and diversity of the root microenvironment, cultivate healthy and fertile soil, cultivate healthy plants, and improve stress resistance;

3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases through green integrated control measures: strictly control the indoor temperature and humidity of the shed, install solar insecticidal lamps, insect-proof nets, and hang yellow boards and blue boards to control whitefly thrips and other pests;

4. If pests and diseases have occurred, use biological pesticides and high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides to control pests and diseases such as rotenone, matrine, Bacillus thuringiensis, spirotetramat, etc. to prevent and control aphids, red spiders, tea yellow mites, whitefly, cabbage and other pests; subtilis Bacillus, Trichoderma harzianum, Kasugamycin, Lunasen, etc. to prevent and control fusarium wilt, root rot, bacterial wilt, gray mold, leaf mold, blight and other diseases. Bumblebees were removed from the shed before and 3 days after application.

5. Use crop rotation, artificial weeding, and high-temperature stuffy sheds to remove weeds.

Example 2

The difference between this example and Example 1 is: (1) This example is also sprayed with a 500-fold diluted Bacillus subtilis spray (from Jiangsu Green Branch Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) in the seedling growth stage of step 1. For disease prevention, spray 1.5% natural pyrethrin spray diluted 1500 times (from Shanghai Kaiyin Chemical Co., Ltd.) for insect control.

(2) In step 4, when the plants tend to grow vigorously, potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted 150-300 times can be sprayed to control the vigorous growth.

(3) in step 5, during the harvest period, every 10 days, apply 2Kg high potassium, medium nitrogen and low phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer (from Henan Qiangsheng Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.) per mu, and supplement calcium, magnesium, zinc, and boron trace elements (from Henan Qiangsheng Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.) to promote the accumulation of dry matter in the fruit and improve the quality of the fruit.

Comparative Example 1

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that: in step 3, the composite microorganism is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes with a colony count of 1:1:1:1 composition.

Comparative Example 2

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that: in step 3, the composite microorganism is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes with a colony count of 2:1:1:1 composition.

Comparative Example 3

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that: in step 3, the composite microorganism is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes with a colony count of 1:2:1:1 composition.

Comparative Example 4

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is: in step 3, the composite microorganism is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes with a colony count of 1:1:1:2 composition.

Comparative Example 5

The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that: in step 4, only the fruit set is used for artificial pollination, and no bumblebee is introduced for pollination.

Evaluation plan

According to the planting method of embodiment 1-2 and comparative example 1-5, carry out the contrast experiment of cherry tomato planting respectively, to verify the influence of different planting methods on the yield and quality of cherry tomato, statistical example 1-2 and comparative example 1 The average fruit weight (g), soluble solids (%) and average yield (Kg) of cherry tomatoes grown in -5, the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Test yield and quality comparison

Average fruit weight (g) Soluble solids (%) Average yield per mu (Kg) Example 1 15.8 9.5 3970 Example 2 16.1 10.5 4025 Comparative Example 1 10.5 7.4 3680 Comparative Example 2 13.2 8.1 3730 Comparative Example 3 12.4 8.3 3780 Comparative Example 4 14.7 8.5 3805 Comparative Example 5 15.1 7.1 3570

According to the measurement results in Table 1, using the planting method of Example 1-2 of the present invention, cherry tomatoes with better quality and yield can be obtained, wherein the average fruit quality of cherry tomatoes is as high as 16.1g, and the soluble solid content is as high as 10.5%, The average yield per mu is 4025Kg. Compared with Example 2, when the ratio of the number of colonies of four different bacteria of the composite microorganism changed in the planting process (Comparative Examples 1-4), the quality and yield of the cherry tomatoes that were produced were reduced to varying degrees, i.e. By optimizing the types and proportions of the compound microorganisms in the planting process, the invention enables the four kinds of beneficial bacteria in the compound microorganisms to play a synergistic effect, thereby significantly improving the quality and yield of the cherry tomatoes produced. Further, it can be seen from Comparative Example 5 that different pollination methods have a certain influence on the fruit set rate and fruit quality. The present invention uses the fruit set spirit and the bumblebee in combination, compared with only using the fruit set spirit for artificial pollination, the fruit set rate of the fruit. Compared with Comparative Example 5, using the planting method of Example 2 of the present invention, the soluble solids and average yield per mu of cherry tomatoes were significantly improved. In conclusion, the present invention provides a planting method that can improve the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes, reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases during planting, has high economic benefits, and ensures the sustainability of production development.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. a high-yield planting method of cherry tomato, is characterized in that, described method may further comprise the steps: Step 1. Seedling raising: soak the seeds in hot water at 55°C for 15-20 minutes, then accelerate germination at 25-30°C, sow them in nutrient soil after germination, water Trichoderma harzianum at 1-3 g/m ² , and control the growth temperature at the same time The temperature is 20-30 ℃ during the day and 12-20 ℃ at night. After the seedlings grow three true leaves, boron and phosphorus elements are supplemented, and the seedlings are cooled and hardened one week before the planting, and the plant vaccine and spirotetramat are sprayed 2 days before the planting; Step 2. Management of planting land: before planting, seal the shed, and disinfect the shed, then spread 40-60Kg compound fertilizer and 70-80Kg silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer per mu, and apply 120-200Kg decomposed oil in the furrow. At the same time, water is used to create moisture before planting, and the greenhouse is closed to increase the ground temperature; Step 3, planting slow seedlings: transplant the seedlings obtained in step 1 into the shed, pour root-fixing water after planting, and then drip 150 g/mu of 100 billion cfu/g compound microorganisms, and control the temperature to be 25 to 30 ° C during the day, 18-20°C at night, the day and night temperature decreases by 5°C after slowing the seedling, and the compound microorganism is applied every other month; Step 4. Pre-harvest management: 10 days after slowing the seedlings, drip irrigation with potassium fulvic acid 200g/mu, control the temperature to be 22-27°C during the day, 13-18°C at night and control the flourishing, and put down when the plant height is 15-20cm Plants, after the plants bloom, use sagolin and bumblebees for pollination; Step 5. Harvest period management: After each ear of fruit begins to change color, cut off the lower old leaves in time, control the water properly before the fruit starts to be harvested, so as to improve the accumulation of dry matter of the fruit, and cut off the useless empty fruit branches in time after the harvest of each ear of fruit, and fall; The composite microorganism in step 3 is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus brucei, Bacillus subtilis and Actinomycetes with a colony count of 1:1:2:1. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil described in step 1 is peat, vermiculite and perlite whose mass ratio is ² :1:0.5, and is mixed with vermicompost of 20Kg/m. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 1, it further comprises spraying Bacillus subtilis for disease prevention, and simultaneously spraying pyrethrin for insect prevention. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the greenhouse is sterilized by biological reaction of straw and high temperature of solar energy. 5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4, by spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate to control prosperity. 6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 4, using cigarine and bumblebee to cooperate to carry out pollination is specifically: in the early stage after flowering, use cigaret to artificially pollinate, when 80% of the plants bloom, introduce bumblebee to carry out. pollination. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, high-potassium, medium-nitrogen, low-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer and trace elements are applied every 10 days.