CN111345206A - Annual coverage sustainable planting method based on winter wheat, spring corn and summer soybean - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean-based annual coverage sustainable planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, sowing winter wheat in the 10 th early month of the previous year according to a wheat/corn interplanting mode, covering a corn reserved belt with a mulching film, and alternately covering the ground surface with crops and the mulching film; s2, sowing spring corns in the reserved belt in 4 months in the current year to form a wheat relay intercropping corn mode; s3, sowing 4 rows of summer soybeans in the wheat belt in a no-tillage mode after the wheat is harvested in the early 6 months to form a corn and soybean intercropping mode; s4, planting wheat and corn alternately in the next two crops with rotary tillage, and realizing annual covering sustainable planting of strip crop rotation. The annual covering sustainable planting method can fully utilize photo-thermal resources, improve comprehensive productivity of farmlands, enrich biological diversity of farmlands, improve recuperation land capacity by crop-bean intercropping and strip rotation, realize farmland use and cultivation combination, effectively reduce wind erosion harm of extreme arid regions by covering the farmlands with wheat in winter, and reduce sand storm.

Description

Annual coverage sustainable planting method based on winter wheat, spring corn and summer soybean

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting. More specifically, the invention relates to a sustainable planting method based on winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean through annual mulching.

Background

Due to the existence of the southern Xinjiang Tarim basin and the Takara dry desert in the south of the Tianshan, and the influence of overhigh altitude of the Tianshan, warm air flow cannot enter the southern Xinjiang area, so that the climate of the southern Xinjiang is abnormally dry. Therefore, the drought in south China, the exchange between spring and summer every year, sand dust in the sun, the late spring coldness for withering cotton seedlings and withering apricot flowers, dry hot air, hail, flood and the like. The poor natural conditions enable southern Xinjiang agriculture to become a typical weak industry, further enable wide areas of the south of Tianshan mountain to become the areas with the greatest difficulty in poverty removal and richness, and a large number of rural population still cannot be satisfied.

Meanwhile, due to the fact that saline-alkali soil exists in the southern Xinjiang area, the southern Xinjiang area also has the outstanding problems that the production benefit of grain crops (wheat and corn) is low, the value in the aspect of agricultural planting is basically not available, the crop planting mode is single, soil fertility is continuously reduced, wind erosion of farmlands is serious and the like, and the production of the grain crops is not facilitated, so that cotton is mainly used in the southern Xinjiang area as the wealth industry of the southern Xinjiang area, and the forest and fruit industry mainly comprising red dates, bergamot pears, apples, walnuts and pomegranates is supplemented, so that the method is good for increasing local income, and has no effect on long-term development and soil regulation.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for annually covering sustainable cultivation based on winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean, comprising:

s1, sowing 8 rows of winter wheat with a row spacing of 12cm according to a wheat/corn interplanting mode at the beginning of the previous 10 months and in a mode that the bandwidths of the wheat and the corn are both set to be 110cm, carrying out plastic film mulching on the corn reserved belt, and alternately covering the ground surface with crops and plastic films;

s2, sowing spring corns in the reserved belt in 4 months in the current year, wherein the corn seeds are planted in 3 rows, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, so that a wheat relay intercropping corn mode is formed;

s3, after wheat is harvested in the early 6 months, 4 rows of summer soybeans are sown in the wheat belt in a no-tillage mode, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 30cm, so that a corn intercropping soybean mode is formed;

s4, planting wheat and corn alternately in the next two crops with rotary tillage, and realizing annual covering sustainable planting of strip crop rotation.

Preferably, at S1, further comprising a deep ploughing sunning ground before the interplanting mode, configured to be operated with a deep ploughing machine configured to comprise:

a traction device connected with a four-wheel drive tractor or a crawler tractor;

a deep ploughing assembly matched with the traction device;

wherein the traction device is configured to include a mount, and at least two bearings disposed on the mount;

the deep ploughing assembly is configured to comprise a deep ploughing plough, one side of the deep ploughing plough, which is matched with the land to be ploughed, is provided with a soil conservation plate, and the other side of the deep ploughing plough is provided with an outward inclined special-shaped soil turning plate;

a cutter of a disc or arc structure which is flush with the top of the soil turning plate in space;

the thickness of the cutter is set to be 0.15-0.25mm on one side matched with the advancing direction of the tractor, and the thickness of the cutter is set to be 0.35-0.5mm on the opposite side.

Preferably, the traction device further comprises a fixing member for connecting the mounting base with the tractor;

the fixing piece is connected with the mounting seat in a pivoting mode, a stop plate extending towards one side of the mounting seat is arranged at the lower end of the fixing piece, and an arc-shaped groove which avoids the mounting seat when the mounting seat rotates upwards is formed in the stop plate;

the fixing piece is provided with a vertical rod, the top of the mounting seat is provided with a first hanging ring, and the vertical rod is connected with the first winding mechanism through a first towing or winding mechanism and a first steel wire rope.

Preferably, an extension plate is arranged on any one side or two sides of the fixing piece;

the deep plough is provided with a limiting plate extending upwards, and a second lifting ring is arranged on the limiting plate;

a second towing or winding mechanism is provided on the extension plate to connect with a second suspension ring via a second wire rope.

Preferably, the method also comprises a fertilizing operation after deep ploughing and sunning;

the fertilizing operation is a deep ploughing operation opposite to the deep ploughing and land drying operation, organic fertilizers applied to each other are applied in the deep ploughing process, and the fertilizing amount per mu is controlled to be 500-700 kg;

the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following components in percentage by weight:

370 parts of 250-shaped distiller grains, 80-250 parts of sugar residues, 400 parts of mushroom fungus residues, 550 parts of plant ash, 1550 parts of animal wastes, 950 parts of straw powder and/or grain hulls and 350 parts of oil cakes.

Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following components in percentage by weight:

300 parts of vinasse, 170 parts of sugar residues, 320 parts of mushroom residues, 450 parts of plant ash, 1350 parts of animal wastes, 820 parts of straw powder and/or grain hulls and 310 parts of oil cakes.

Preferably, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

s10, fermenting and ripening powder, namely adding sugar residues into a stacking bucket according to the parts by weight, stirring and dissolving the sugar residues with water, adding oil cakes and vinasse, fully stirring and mixing, fermenting for 25-30 days at the temperature of more than 62-70 ℃, and then adding plant ash and uniformly stirring to obtain a finished product of ripening powder;

s11, composting, namely air-drying the animal wastes until the moisture content is lower than 25%, mixing the straw powder and/or the grain hulls, the mushroom fungus residues and the animal wastes into the ripening powder of the material piling barrel, fully and uniformly stirring, fermenting and decomposing, turning and mixing once every 5-6 days, turning and mixing 3-4 times together, and then after-ripening for 3-4 days, so as to finish the preparation of the organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the stacking bucket is configured to include:

a tub configured in a double-layered structure to define a receiving chamber;

the barrel cover is matched with the upper end of the barrel body to realize sealing;

the stirring component penetrates through the barrel cover and extends into the barrel body to regularly stir the raw materials;

wherein, a heating layer, a heat preservation layer, a heat insulation layer and/or a sound attenuation layer are sequentially arranged in the accommodating cavity from inside to outside;

a bent part is arranged on the barrel cover at a position matched with the upper end of the barrel body, and an annular guide part with a conical structure is arranged at a position of the bent part matched with the outer edge of the barrel body;

a flexible filling layer is arranged in a cavity between the bending part and the annular guide part;

and at least one layer of hollow sealing ring is arranged at the top of the annular guide piece at the position matched with the outer edge of the barrel body.

Preferably, the stirring assembly is configured to include:

the rotating shaft is detachably provided with a stirring assembly which has a preset distance with the barrel cover;

the first power mechanism is matched with the rotating shaft to complete the rotating stirring of the materials;

the second power mechanism is matched with the rotating shaft and can move up and down in the barrel body;

wherein the stirring assembly is configured to comprise at least three layers of stirring mechanisms which are staggered spirally;

the distance between each stirring mechanism and the side wall of the barrel body is configured to decrease from top to bottom, and each stirring mechanism is configured to comprise:

a lateral stirring member parallel to the bottom surface of the barrel body, the width of which is configured to be more than 10 cm;

an inclined stirring member provided at the bottom of the lateral stirring member, the spatial height of which is configured to be less than 7 cm;

the stirring mechanisms of adjacent layers are further connected through at least one spiral stirring piece, and the minimum diameter of each spiral stirring piece is not less than 5 cm.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the method not only can fully utilize the photo-thermal resources, improve the comprehensive productivity of the farmland and enrich the biological diversity of the farmland, but also can improve the recuperation land capacity by the interplant and strip rotation of the rice and beans, realize the farmland use and cultivation combination, and in addition, the wheat covering the farmland in winter can effectively reduce the wind erosion harm of an extremely arid region and reduce the occurrence of sand storm, so the method is a sustainable planting mode with high resource efficiency, environmental friendliness and remarkable benefit, and can change the traditional production mode and create a novel sustainable agricultural production mode.

Secondly, the deep ploughing machine is limited, so that the deep ploughing machine can adapt to direct operation without deep ploughing all the year round, the deep ploughing and fertilizing proportion after deep ploughing is limited, the requirement of long-term fertilizer supply all the year round can be met, the proportion and the formula are particularly suitable for the alkaline soil environment in southern Xinjiang areas, and soil is improved and modified, so that the soil fertility is guaranteed to meet the requirement of grain planting.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a planting pattern in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a planting pattern in another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a planting pattern in another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a deep ploughing machine according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a deep ploughing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a stacking bucket according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements.

Fig. 1-3 show an implementation form of a winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean-based annually-covering sustainable planting method according to the invention, comprising:

s1, as shown in figure 1, sowing 8 rows of winter wheat with a row spacing of 12cm according to a wheat/corn interplanting mode at the beginning of the previous 10 months and in a mode that the bandwidths of the wheat and the corn are both set to be 110cm, performing plastic film mulching on a corn reserved belt, and alternately covering the ground surface with crops and plastic films to realize the winter and spring covering, water retention and wind erosion prevention of the farmland;

s2, as shown in figure 2, spring corn is sown in the reserved belt in 4 months in the year, the corn seeds are planted in 3 rows, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, so that a wheat relay intercropping corn mode is formed, the high yield and high efficiency of crop production are realized, and the land utilization rate is improved;

s3, as shown in figure 3, after the wheat is harvested in the beginning of 6 months, 4 rows of summer soybeans are sown in the wheat belt in a no-tillage mode, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 30cm, so that a mode of corn intercropping soybeans is formed, the high-efficiency utilization of resources is realized, and carbon fixation, cost saving, nitrogen reduction and synergism are realized;

s4, planting wheat and corn in a rotary tillage and exchange mode in two crops in the next year, realizing strip crop annual coverage sustainable planting, eliminating soil continuous cropping obstacles, balancing soil nutrients and improving resource utilization rate. The planting method can fully utilize the photo-thermal resources, improve the comprehensive productivity of farmlands, enrich the biological diversity of the farmlands, improve the recuperation land capacity by crop-soybean intercropping and strip rotation, realize the farmland use and cultivation combination, effectively reduce the wind erosion harm of extremely arid regions by covering the farmlands with wheat in winter, and reduce the occurrence of sand storm, so the method is a sustainable planting mode with high resource efficiency, environmental friendliness and remarkable benefit, can change the traditional production mode, and creates a novel sustainable agricultural production mode.

4-5, in another example, at S1, further comprising a deep ploughing and sunning area before the relay intercropping mode, which is configured to operate with a deep ploughing machine, in which case, since the later operation is no-tillage operation, deep ploughing operation is needed to the soil before to adjust the soil thickness of the soil to be beneficial to the growth of crops in one period, the deep ploughing machine is configured to include:

the traction device 1 is connected with a four-wheel drive tractor or a crawler tractor and is used for realizing connection between structural members;

the deep ploughing component 2 is matched with the traction device and is used for directly contacting with the soil to complete deep ploughing operation on the soil;

the traction device is configured to include a mounting seat 110 and at least two bearings 111 arranged on the mounting seat, under the structure, a hole for the deep ploughing component to penetrate through can be arranged on the mounting seat, each bearing is respectively arranged in the hole of the mounting seat, so that the mounting seat can rotate along the hole, when the edge of the ground is ploughed, the position of the deep ploughing component can be changed, the tractor can turn around conveniently, the operation space of the tractor is reduced, the fixation of the deep ploughing component and the mounting seat is realized through matched screws and nuts, matched holes can also be arranged on the deep ploughing component, a mechanism 112 which can go deep is arranged on the fixing seat, matched thrust bearings are respectively arranged on the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the deep ploughing component, the friction damage generated in the rotating process is reduced, and the uppermost end is fixed through a cover end 113 similar to the nut;

the deep ploughing assembly is configured to comprise a deep ploughing plough 210, the lower end of the deep ploughing plough is provided with at least two inclination angles so that the deep ploughing plough has the capability of deep ploughing downwards, one side of the deep ploughing plough, which is matched with the land to be ploughed, is provided with a soil conservation plate 211, the other side of the deep ploughing assembly is provided with an outward inclined special-shaped soil turning plate 212, the effect of the deep ploughing assembly is that through the synergistic action of the soil conservation plate and the soil turning plate, the soil conservation plate limits the land which is not ploughed on one side in the working process of the deep ploughing plough, the soil turning plate is convenient to bring up soil loosened by the deep ploughing plough through an internal empty groove 213, the other arc-shaped surface 214 is pushed out, and further through the synergistic operation of the two surfaces, the ploughed soil and the ploughed ditch have a larger moving space, the ditch depth is larger;

the cutter 220 which is of a disc or arc structure and is flush with the top of the turning plate in space is arranged right in front of the plough and is used for cutting the land before the deep ploughing plough works so as to enable the deep ploughing plough at the later stage to be faster, and when the cutter works at a single time, the deep ploughing areas at the two ends are wider, more labor-saving and plough-saving;

the thickness of the cutter on one side matched with the advancing direction of the tractor is set to be 0.15-0.25mm, the thickness of the cutter on the opposite side is set to be 0.35-0.5mm, the cutter is made to have a good cutting effect through the structural design, meanwhile, a certain cut can be formed in the cutting process, and the cutter is convenient to plough down.

In another example, as shown in fig. 4, the towing apparatus further includes a mount 120 connecting the mount to the tractor;

the fixed part is connected with the mounting seat in a pivot joint mode, the lower end of the fixed part is provided with a stop plate 121 extending towards one side of the mounting seat, the stop plate is provided with an arc-shaped groove 122 avoiding the mounting seat when the mounting seat rotates upwards, the mounting seat can stagger the pivot joint position when lifted up under the action of the arc-shaped groove, and the lifting of equipment is completed, so that the plough has a preset distance from the ground in the operation process, the damage caused by collision is prevented, the space requirement in the operation process is met, and meanwhile, under the action of the stop plate, the position of the mounting seat is limited when the mounting seat needs to be lowered, and the position stability of the plough in the operation process is ensured;

the fixing piece is provided with an upright rod 123, the top of the mounting seat is provided with a first lifting ring 230, the upright rod is connected with the first towing or winding mechanism 124 and the first steel wire rope 125 through the first hoisting or winding mechanism, the first hoisting ring, the first towing or winding mechanism and the first steel wire rope are matched, when the plough needs to be lifted, the plough is turned upwards under the action of the steel wire rope, the spatial position of the plough is matched through rope releasing when the plough is released, and the working of the plough is influenced by the structural mode when the soil hardening degree is larger, so that the plough can be replaced through the modes of cylinder lifting and guide rail guiding, but in common use, the plough is allowed to have certain elastic contractive force, and the reason is that the plough is prevented from being broken.

In another example, as shown in fig. 4, an extension plate (not shown) is provided on either or both sides of the fixing member;

the deep plough is provided with a limiting plate 215 extending upwards, and a second lifting ring 216 is arranged on the limiting plate;

the extension board is provided with a second towing or winding mechanism (not shown) to be connected with a second suspension ring through a second steel wire rope (not shown), and the structure adopting the mode needs to deflect the position of the plough after the single operation is completed, so that the working mode reduces the space requirement of the working area through the change of the horizontal position under the condition of head changing operation, thereby ensuring the effective cultivation area at the two ends of the plough, and simultaneously reducing the influence on crops or structures in other areas.

In another example, the method also comprises a fertilizing operation after deep ploughing and sunning;

the fertilizing operation is a deep ploughing operation opposite to deep ploughing and land drying, applied organic fertilizer is applied in the deep ploughing process, the fertilizing amount per mu is controlled to be 500-700kg, and the fertilizing operation is used for performing base fertilizer management on the land so as to complete slow fertilizer supply operation in one period;

the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following components in percentage by weight:

370 parts of 250 broken distillers 'grains, 80-250 parts of sugar residues, 400 parts of 200 broken mushroom residues, 550 parts of plant ash, 1550 parts of animal wastes, 950 parts of straw powder and/or grain hulls and 350 parts of oil cakes, wherein the broken distillers' grains adopted in the scheme are residues left after brewing wine of rice, wheat, sorghum and the like, contain rich crude protein which is about 2-3 times higher than the content of the corn, and simultaneously contain various trace elements, vitamins, saccharomycetes and the like, and the content of lysine, methionine and tryptophan is also very high, which can not be provided by crop straws and can be used as a natural fermentation material in a fertilizer, so that other materials can be fully decomposed in the composting process; sugar residues are byproducts of the sugar industry and are usually used for preparing feeds, the use of the sugar residues is single, the sugar residues are used for preparing the feeds and also need to be treated, the feeds are very troublesome, but the sugar residues contain a large amount of crude fibers and nitrogen-free extracts, if the sugar residues are not utilized, waste is generated and environmental pollution is caused, edible fungus waste materials are also called fungus chaff, fungus residues, leftovers and the like and are complex compost after edible fungi are cultivated, a large amount of mycelia are remained in the fungus residues and are rich in amino acid, cellulose, hydrocarbon and trace elements, the main component of plant ash is potassium carbonate, the most potassium element is contained, the potassium element is generally 6-12%, more than 90% of the potassium element is water-soluble, and the potassium element exists in the form of carbonate; secondly, phosphorus generally contains 1.5-3 percent; the fertilizer also contains calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, and micronutrient self-elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and the like, can be collected by peasants, and can also be a product obtained by treating the collected straws (such as by adopting a gasification furnace), and the ash contents of different plants are different, and the potassium content of the sunflower straws is the highest. When the plant ash is applied with equal potassium amount, the fertilizer efficiency is better than that of a chemical potassium fertilizer, anhydrous substances are white granular powder, crystallized products are white semitransparent small crystals or granules, the fertilizer is odorless and has strong alkaline smell, the land can be improved, the components can be removed according to the environment-friendly requirement and the collection amount, and the proportion of the straw powder is increased by 320 parts by 200 parts on the original basis; one fourth of animal wastes is water, the rest is mostly protein, inorganic matters, fat, undigested dietary fibers, dehydrated digestive juice residues, cells shed from intestinal tracts and dead bacteria, and also comprises vitamin K, vitamin B, straw powder and/or grain hulls, wherein the rice hulls in the grain hulls contain 36% of carbon, 0.48% of nitrogen, 0.32% of phosphorus and 0.27% of potassium, and can obtain ideal fermentation effect after being matched with the animal wastes, more than half of products of crop photosynthesis exist in the straws, and the straws are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, so the straw powder is a multipurpose renewable biological resource; the oil cake, namely oil cake, is a common organic fertilizer, is prepared from animal and plant residual parts which can not be recycled, is generally prepared into fertilizer after being added with water and fermented in a sealing way, prevents roots from being burnt, and is 1: the organic fertilizer can be directly used because the proportion is treated and parts of the organic fertilizer are comprehensively utilized and are matched for deep ploughing and fertilizing, the organic fertilizer can be obtained by fully utilizing the proportion of each component, compared with the organic fertilizer in the prior art, the organic fertilizer can be obtained by purchasing raw materials from a plurality of wine production, sugar, mushrooms, breeding industry and oil extraction industry, can increase the added value of the organic fertilizer, is convenient for the treatment of accessories by each industry, does not have too many requirements on each accessory and does not need to be subjected to secondary treatment, the moisture content of the organic fertilizer is controlled for the most convenience of transportation, and each enterprise can realize the secondary utilization by adding corresponding drying or squeezing treatment, so the raw materials are easy to obtain, the circulation among the industries can be realized, and the organic fertilizer is obtained by the scheme, the organic fertilizer is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances, comprises various organic acids, peptides, amino acids, cellulose and rich nutrient elements including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, has long fertilizer effect, can increase and update soil organic matters, promotes microbial propagation, improves the physicochemical property and the biological activity of the soil, is a main nutrient for green food production, is particularly suitable for the soil environment in the southern Xinjiang area, improves and modifies the soil, and ensures that the soil fertility meets the requirement of planting grains.

In another example, the organic fertilizer is configured to include, by weight:

300 parts of vinasse, 170 parts of sugar residues, 320 parts of mushroom residues, 450 parts of plant ash, 1350 parts of animal wastes, 820 parts of straw powder and/or grain hulls and 310 parts of oil cakes.

In another example, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

s10, fermenting and ripening powder, namely adding sugar residues into a stacking bucket according to parts by weight, stirring and dissolving the sugar residues by water, adding oil cakes and vinasse, fully stirring and mixing the mixture, fermenting the mixture for 25 to 30 days at the temperature of more than 62 to 70 ℃, and then mixing the mixture with plant ash, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain a finished product of the ripening powder, wherein compared with the prior art, the method can fully utilize the characteristics of raw materials per se to prepare the corresponding ripening powder without adding additional additives for acting, and the preparation time can be effectively shortened due to the synergistic effect of the raw material proportion and the temperature control;

s11, composting, drying animal manure to the moisture content of less than 25%, mixing straw powder and/or grain hulls, mushroom fungus dregs and animal manure into ripening powder in a material piling barrel, fully mixing uniformly for fermentation and decomposition, performing one-time turning and mixing at intervals of 5-6 days, after 3-4 times of turning and mixing, performing after-ripening for 3-4 days, completing preparation of organic fertilizer, acting the grain hulls or the straw powder through the animal manure to enable the fermentation effect of the grain hulls or the mushroom fungus dregs to be better, simultaneously performing composting operation and fermentation operation by adopting the material piling barrel matched with each other to enable waste gas generated in the operation not to overflow and scatter, reducing pollution to the environment, enabling the decomposition effect of the grain hulls or the straw powder to be better through multiple turning and mixing operations, meeting the requirement of the composting on the fermentation effect of various raw materials, under the condition, when the outside temperature is 15 ℃, about the third day after piling, the temperature of the compost 30cm below the surface can reach 80 ℃, and when the compost is turned and mixed for the first time, the temperature of the compost 30cm below the surface can reach 85 ℃, so that the compost is almost odorless; the temperature of 30 centimeters below the surface of the compost turned for the second time is 65 ℃, when the compost is turned for the third time, the temperature of 30 centimeters below the surface of the compost is about 45 ℃, the temperature after turning is about 33 ℃, the moisture content reaches about 30%, in the after-ripening process, the temperature can be reduced to almost the same as the room temperature, the compost is decomposed, in the process, because of the ingredients and the interaction reason, the compost barrel is matched with the sealed compost barrel, the compost temperature is increased more quickly, the processing time can be greatly shortened, and the decomposed effect meets the use requirement.

In another example, as shown in fig. 6, the stacking bucket is configured to include:

a tub 3 configured in a double-layered structure to define a receiving chamber;

the barrel cover 4 is matched with the upper end of the barrel body to realize sealing, is used for sealing the inside of the barrel body, can be lifted in position through a matched lifting mechanism to realize the separation, covering and pressing effects with the barrel body, ensures that the sealing effect is not influenced, and simultaneously ensures that the barrel can normally discharge and feed;

the stirring component 5 penetrates through the barrel cover and extends into the barrel body to regularly stir and mix the raw materials, is used for stirring and mixing the materials, and can also be used for exchanging the positions of the materials on the upper layer and the lower layer when stirring and mixing so as to ensure that the composting effect meets the requirement;

the heating layer 30, the heat preservation layer 31, the heat insulation layer and/or the sound attenuation layer 32 are sequentially arranged in the accommodating cavity from inside to outside, the heating layer can heat or supplement the inside according to production needs or when the environmental temperature is low, the internal temperature is accelerated to be increased, the composting time is effectively shortened, and the fermentation effect in the composting process is ensured;

the barrel cover is provided with a bent part 40 at a position matched with the upper end of the barrel body, the bent part is used for generating a buckling effect and ensuring the tightness of the combination of the barrel cover and the barrel body, the bent part is provided with a conical annular guide part 41 at a position matched with the outer edge of the barrel body, the conical annular guide part is used for triggering the buckling process of the barrel cover and the barrel body, the buckling operation of the barrel cover and the barrel body is easy to complete in space, and meanwhile, a certain elastic acting force is exerted to seal a certain amount of a joint seam generated by the;

a flexible filling layer (not shown) is arranged in a cavity between the bending part and the annular guide part and is used for providing a flexible supporting force for the guide part, so that the guide part can return to the original position after being compressed, and the structural stability of the guide part is ensured;

the annular guide top is provided with at least one deck hollow seal 42 on the outward flange matched with position with the staving, and it is used for the effect through hollow seal for it has certain extrusion allowance and makes things convenient for the guide to pass through, accomplishes the lock operation of the two, can block up the joint line through elastic restoring force after the extrusion simultaneously, guarantees its two sealed effect, and then prevents that it from receiving the limited because of sealed, influences the compost effect, or the influence that causes external environment.

As shown in fig. 6, in another example, the stirring assembly is configured to include:

the rotating shaft 50 is detachably provided with a stirring assembly 510 which has a preset distance with the barrel cover and is used for changing the position of the material through rotation or linear lifting so as to ensure that the composting effect meets the requirement, and the preset distance is adaptively adjusted according to the lifting height of the material;

a first power mechanism 520 which is matched with the rotating shaft to complete the rotating stirring of the material and is used for enabling the material on the flat layer to generate position change through rotation;

the second power mechanism 530 is matched with the rotating shaft and can move up and down in the barrel body and is used for lifting the rotating bottom materials upwards to ensure that the turning and mixing effect meets the use requirement, and each power mechanism is installed and fixed through a matched installation assembly;

the stirring assembly is configured to comprise at least three layers of stirring mechanisms which are spirally staggered, and the staggered structure design enables the stirring mechanism to be regarded as spirally rising in the circumferential direction of the height of the rotating shaft, so that the effect of lifting materials upwards from below is ensured;

the distance of each rabbling mechanism and staving lateral wall, from the top down is configured to be and is steadilyd decrease, and each rabbling mechanism is configured to include, to its and staving lateral wall interval's design for it utilizes from the bottom up to promote the material, and then guarantees its promotion effect:

the width of the transverse stirring piece 512 parallel to the bottom surface of the barrel body is configured to be more than 10cm, the transverse stirring piece is transversely designed to have certain lifting acting force, and the width design enables the transverse stirring piece to have certain physical structure stability and is suitable for lifting operation of materials;

the inclined stirring piece 513 is arranged at the bottom of the transverse stirring piece, the space height of the inclined stirring piece 513 is configured to be less than 7cm, the inclined stirring piece is used for performing rotary operation on materials in the horizontal direction, meanwhile, for the bottommost part, the inclined stirring piece can scrape the materials at the bottom to ensure that the stirring effect meets requirements, and meanwhile, the height of the inclined stirring piece is configured to ensure that the structure stability is good and the service life is long;

the rabbling mechanisms of adjacent layers are further connected through at least one spiral stirring piece 514, the minimum diameter configuration of each spiral stirring piece is not less than 5cm, and it is used for and connects into whole between each layer, and when whole promotion operation, it can play the effect similar to siphon, upwards promotes the material by a wide margin, guarantees its effect of mixing that turns over, guarantees the stability between its structure simultaneously.

The above scheme is merely illustrative of a preferred example, and is not limiting. When the invention is implemented, appropriate replacement and/or modification can be carried out according to the requirements of users.

The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (9)

1. A year-round covering sustainable planting method based on winter wheat, spring corn and summer soybean is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, sowing 8 rows of winter wheat with a row spacing of 12cm according to a wheat/corn interplanting mode at the beginning of the previous 10 months and in a mode that the bandwidths of the wheat and the corn are both set to be 110cm, carrying out plastic film mulching on the corn reserved belt, and alternately covering the ground surface with crops and plastic films;

s2, sowing spring corns in the reserved belt in 4 months in the current year, wherein the corn seeds are planted in 3 rows, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 25cm, so that a wheat relay intercropping corn mode is formed;

s3, after wheat is harvested in the early 6 months, 4 rows of summer soybeans are sown in the wheat belt in a no-tillage mode, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 30cm, so that a corn intercropping soybean mode is formed;

s4, planting wheat and corn alternately in the next two crops with rotary tillage, and realizing annual covering sustainable planting of strip crop rotation.

2. The winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean based annually covering sustainable planting method of claim 1, further comprising, at S1, deep ploughing a sunning ground before intercropping mode configured to operate with a deep ploughing machine configured to comprise:

a traction device connected with a four-wheel drive tractor or a crawler tractor;

a deep ploughing assembly matched with the traction device;

wherein the traction device is configured to include a mount, and at least two bearings disposed on the mount;

the deep ploughing assembly is configured to comprise a deep ploughing plough, one side of the deep ploughing plough, which is matched with the land to be ploughed, is provided with a soil conservation plate, and the other side of the deep ploughing plough is provided with an outward inclined special-shaped soil turning plate;

a cutter of a disc or arc structure which is flush with the top of the soil turning plate in space;

the thickness of the cutter is set to be 0.15-0.25mm on one side matched with the advancing direction of the tractor, and the thickness of the cutter is set to be 0.35-0.5mm on the opposite side.

3. The winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean based annually covering sustainable planting method of claim 2, wherein the traction device further comprises a fixing member connecting the mounting seat with a tractor;

the fixing piece is connected with the mounting seat in a pivoting mode, a stop plate extending towards one side of the mounting seat is arranged at the lower end of the fixing piece, and an arc-shaped groove which avoids the mounting seat when the mounting seat rotates upwards is formed in the stop plate;

the fixing piece is provided with a vertical rod, the top of the mounting seat is provided with a first hanging ring, and the vertical rod is connected with the first winding mechanism through a first towing or winding mechanism and a first steel wire rope.

4. The winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean based annually covering sustainable planting method of claim 2, wherein an extension plate is provided at either one side or both sides of the fixing member;

the deep plough is provided with a limiting plate extending upwards, and a second lifting ring is arranged on the limiting plate;

a second towing or winding mechanism is provided on the extension plate to connect with a second suspension ring via a second wire rope.

5. The method for annually covering sustainable cultivation based on winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean according to claim 2, further comprising a fertilizing operation after deep ploughing and sunning;

the fertilizing operation is a deep ploughing operation opposite to the deep ploughing and land drying operation, organic fertilizers applied to each other are applied in the deep ploughing process, and the fertilizing amount per mu is controlled to be 500-700 kg;

the organic fertilizer is prepared by the following components in percentage by weight:

370 parts of 250-shaped distiller grains, 80-250 parts of sugar residues, 400 parts of mushroom fungus residues, 550 parts of plant ash, 1550 parts of animal wastes, 950 parts of straw powder and/or grain hulls and 350 parts of oil cakes.

6. The winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean based annually covering sustainable planting method of claim 5, wherein the organic fertilizer is configured to comprise, by weight:

300 parts of vinasse, 170 parts of sugar residues, 320 parts of mushroom residues, 450 parts of plant ash, 1350 parts of animal wastes, 820 parts of straw powder and/or grain hulls and 310 parts of oil cakes.

7. The method for the year-round covering sustainable planting based on winter wheat, spring corn and summer soybean as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises:

s10, fermenting and ripening powder, namely adding sugar residues into a stacking bucket according to the parts by weight, stirring and dissolving the sugar residues with water, adding oil cakes and vinasse, fully stirring and mixing, fermenting for 25-30 days at the temperature of more than 62-70 ℃, and then adding plant ash and uniformly stirring to obtain a finished product of ripening powder;

s11, composting, namely air-drying the animal wastes until the moisture content is lower than 25%, mixing the straw powder and/or the grain hulls, the mushroom fungus residues and the animal wastes into the ripening powder of the material piling barrel, fully and uniformly stirring, fermenting and decomposing, turning and mixing once every 5-6 days, turning and mixing 3-4 times together, and then after-ripening for 3-4 days, so as to finish the preparation of the organic fertilizer.

8. The winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean based annually-covering sustainable planting method of claim 7, wherein the windrow bucket is configured to comprise:

a tub configured in a double-layered structure to define a receiving chamber;

the barrel cover is matched with the upper end of the barrel body to realize sealing;

the stirring component penetrates through the barrel cover and extends into the barrel body to regularly stir the raw materials;

wherein, a heating layer, a heat preservation layer, a heat insulation layer and/or a sound attenuation layer are sequentially arranged in the accommodating cavity from inside to outside;

a bent part is arranged on the barrel cover at a position matched with the upper end of the barrel body, and an annular guide part with a conical structure is arranged at a position of the bent part matched with the outer edge of the barrel body;

a flexible filling layer is arranged in a cavity between the bending part and the annular guide part;

and at least one layer of hollow sealing ring is arranged at the top of the annular guide piece at the position matched with the outer edge of the barrel body.

9. The winter wheat-spring corn-summer soybean based annually covering sustainable planting method of claim 8, wherein the stirring assembly is configured to comprise:

the rotating shaft is detachably provided with a stirring assembly which has a preset distance with the barrel cover;

the first power mechanism is matched with the rotating shaft to complete the rotating stirring of the materials;

the second power mechanism is matched with the rotating shaft and can move up and down in the barrel body;

wherein the stirring assembly is configured to comprise at least three layers of stirring mechanisms which are staggered spirally;

the distance between each stirring mechanism and the side wall of the barrel body is configured to decrease from top to bottom, and each stirring mechanism is configured to comprise:

a lateral stirring member parallel to the bottom surface of the barrel body, the width of which is configured to be more than 10 cm;

an inclined stirring member provided at the bottom of the lateral stirring member, the spatial height of which is configured to be less than 7 cm;

the stirring mechanisms of adjacent layers are further connected through at least one spiral stirring piece, and the minimum diameter of each spiral stirring piece is not less than 5 cm.

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