CN108849325A - A kind of sustainable cropping pattern intercutting green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop - Google Patents
A kind of sustainable cropping pattern intercutting green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop Download PDFInfo
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- CN108849325A CN108849325A CN201810658056.4A CN201810658056A CN108849325A CN 108849325 A CN108849325 A CN 108849325A CN 201810658056 A CN201810658056 A CN 201810658056A CN 108849325 A CN108849325 A CN 108849325A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sustainable cropping pattern for intercutting green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop, the step of sustainable cropping pattern, is：S1, spring current year are laid out wheat maize intercropping, and the wheat made, corn bandwidth are 110cm, 8 row of Wheat Species, line-spacing 12cm, 3 row of maize seed, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm；After S2, current year harvesting wheat, 6 Hang Jian Kuo pea of wheat belt multiple cropping, line-spacing 15cm realizes that wheat maize intercropping intercuts green manure；S3, frost time current year, green manure mulching and returning realize annual mulching, water conservation, wind erosion prevention；S4, next year two crops band rotary tillage exchange plantation wheat and corn, realize interband crop rotation, eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacle, balanced soil nutrient.Resources effective utilization of the present invention improves conduit for farmland drainage, and the sustainable cropping pattern for being can change traditional mode of production mode, create novel sustainable agriculture production model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, more particularly relate to it is a kind of based on wheat, corn intercrop intercut green manure,
Resources effective utilization, the sustainable cropping pattern for improving conduit for farmland drainage.
Background technique
In arid terrestrial oasis irrigated area, wheat, corn are two big main cultivation crops, and sowing ratio is greater than 50%, because of resource-type
Water shortage is serious, improves water use efficiency by improving unit area output capacity using intercropping and interplanting cropping pattern.However, traditional
Between make high yield derived from it is higher=liquid manure supply, cause conduit for farmland drainage to decline year by year, the stable high yield for reducing crop production is latent
Power.Therefore, green manure is intercutted in intercropping mode, by realizing annual mulching, not only reducing wind erosion but also keeping higher soil moisture content, used
In second stubble crop growth and development, moisture productivity effect is improved.The alternative part inorganic fertilizer of green manure returning to the field is conducive to culture fertility,
Meanwhile making wheat and corn and carrying out " interband crop rotation ", i.e., wheat is sowed in wheat belt seeding corn, corn belt, and elimination potentially connects
Make obstacle, balance alternating crop interband soil nutrient realizes agricultural sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to intercut green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop, resources effective utilization, improve agriculture
The sustainable cropping pattern of field productivity, can change traditional mode of production mode, create novel sustainable agriculture production model.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme is that：
It is a kind of that green manure, resources effective utilization, the sustainable plantation for improving conduit for farmland drainage are intercutted based on wheat, corn intercrop
The step of mode, sustainable cropping pattern is：
S1, spring current year are laid out wheat maize intercropping, and the wheat made, corn bandwidth are 110cm, 8 row of Wheat Species, row
Away from 12cm, 3 row of maize seed, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm；
After S2, current year harvesting wheat, 6 Hang Jian Kuo pea of wheat belt multiple cropping, line-spacing 15cm realizes that wheat maize intercropping is intercutted
Green manure；
S3, frost time current year, green manure mulching and returning realize annual mulching, water conservation, wind erosion prevention；
S4, next year two crops band rotary tillage exchange plantation wheat and corn, realize interband crop rotation, eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacle, put down
Weigh soil nutrient.
Preferably, in step sl, fertilising site preparation is first carried out before the sowing of wheat maize intercropping；Spring wheat fertilising is by applying nitrogen
225kg/hm2, pure P2O5 113kg/hm2, make base manure entirely；Corn belt fertilising is by applying nitrogen 360kg/hm2, by base manure：Big bell mouth stage
Top dressing：Pustulation period top dressing=3:6:1 gives, pure P2O5 180kg/hm2, make base manure entirely.
Preferably, it wants rotary tillage carefully to harrow when site preparation, then uses the whole furrow of ridger ridging, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge is along wide 40cm, height
40cm, two ridge spacing 6.6m, i.e. a cell-wide, each cell self seed bandwidth 1.1m, (wheat, corn are natural for breadth
Seeding belt) 2.2m, every cell is made of 3 wheats, corn belts, in mid or late March sowing wheat, mid or late April seeding corn.
Preferably, wheat cultivation density is 6,750,000/hm2, 675~750kg/hm of the amount of broadcasting2, drilling, line-spacing 15cm；Corn
Thickness of sowing is 82500 plants/hm2, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, overlay film is flat to be made.
Preferably, it irrigates using unified irrigation mode, stores away in winter and fill 1200m3/hm2, in Maize at Seedling Stage (wheat during jointing stage), pull out
The section phase (wheat booting period phase), big bell mouth stage (pustulation period), spinning phase (Jian Kuo pea sowing), Early filling stage (Jian Kuo pea
Seedling stage), pea squaring period pustulation period (Jian Kuo), (Jian Kuo pea florescence after harvest corn) pour water 750 respectively, 900,750,
900、750、750、750m3/hm2。
Further, in step s 2, after harvesting wheat, wheat belt intercuts (multiple cropping) green manure (Jian Kuo pea) , Jian Kuo pea
Beans do not apply fertilizer, and thickness of sowing is 1,500,000/hm2(75kg/hm2), 6 row of drilling, line-spacing 15cm.
Further, in step s3, annual frost period , Jian Kuo pea cuts mulching and returning, realizes annual mulching, both
It reduces wind erosion and keeps higher soil moisture content again, be used for second stubble crop growth and development, improve moisture productivity effect.
Further, in step s 4, make wheat and corn between next year and carry out interband crop rotation, i.e. wheat belt seeding corn, it is beautiful
Rice band sowing wheat eliminates potential continuous cropping obstacle, balance alternating crop interband soil nutrient.
In addition, the alternative part inorganic fertilizer of green manure returning to the field, is conducive to culture fertility, agricultural sustainable development is realized.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that：
The present invention provides one kind to intercut green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop, resources effective utilization, improve conduit for farmland drainage
Sustainable cropping pattern, traditional mode of production mode can be changed, create novel sustainable agriculture production model.Plantation of the invention
Mode can be realized 17000kg/hm2Grain yield and 20000kg/hm2Jian Kuo pea green forage yield, not only improves crop
The stability of production improves yield and the utilization of resources, and can be improved peasant economy income, and the alternative part of green manure returning to the field is inorganic
Chemical fertilizer is conducive to culture fertility, realizes agricultural sustainable development, is suitable for promoting the use of.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that institute
The embodiment of description is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention,
Every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, it is made any
Modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Of the invention intercuts green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop, resources effective utilization, improves the sustainable of conduit for farmland drainage
Cropping pattern includes the following steps：
Step 1, spring current year are laid out wheat maize intercropping：Between the wheat made, corn bandwidth be 110cm, Wheat Species 8
Row, row 12cm, 3 row of maize seed, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm；
Step S2, after current year harvesting wheat, 6 Hang Jian Kuo pea of wheat belt multiple cropping, line-spacing 15cm realizes wheat maize intercropping
Intercut green manure；
Step S3, current year frost time, green manure mulching and returning realize annual mulching, water conservation, wind erosion prevention；
Step S4, two crop of next year band rotary tillage exchange plantation wheat and corn, is realized " interband crop rotation ", eliminates potential continuous cropping barrier
Hinder, balanced soil nutrient.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step 1, fertilising site preparation is first carried out before the sowing of wheat maize intercropping；Spring wheat is applied
Fertilizer is by applying nitrogen 225kg/hm2, pure P2O5 113kg/hm2, make base manure entirely；Corn belt fertilising is by applying nitrogen 360kg/hm2, by base manure：Greatly
Trumpet period top dressing：Pustulation period top dressing=3:6:1 gives, pure P2O5 180kg/hm2, make base manure entirely, when site preparation, wants rotary tillage carefully to harrow,
The whole furrow of ridger ridging are then used, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge is wide along the ridge spacing 6.6m of wide 40cm, high 40cm, two, i.e. a cell
Degree, each cell self seed bandwidth 1.1m, breadth (wheat, corn self seed band) 2.2m, every cell is by 3 wheats, jade
Rice band composition, sows wheat, mid or late April seeding corn in mid or late March.Wheat cultivation density is 6,750,000/hm2, the amount of broadcasting
675~750kg/hm2, drilling, line-spacing 12cm；Corn：Thickness of sowing is 82500 plants/hm2, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, overlay film
It is flat to make.Irrigation program：Using unified irrigation mode, stores away in winter and fill 1200m3/hm2, in Maize at Seedling Stage (wheat during jointing stage), jointing stage
(wheat booting period phase), big bell mouth stage (pustulation period), spinning phase (Jian Kuo pea sowing), Early filling stage (Jian Kuo pea seedlings
Phase), pea squaring period pustulation period (Jian Kuo), (Jian Kuo pea florescence after harvest corn) pour water 750 respectively, 900,750,900,
750、750、750m3/hm2。
In embodiments of the present invention, in step s 2, after harvesting wheat, wheat belt intercuts (multiple cropping) green manure (Jian Kuo pea
Beans) , Jian Kuo pea does not apply fertilizer, and thickness of sowing is 1,500,000/hm2(75kg/hm2), 6 row of drilling, line-spacing 15cm.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step s3, annual frost period , Jian Kuo pea cuts mulching and returning, realizes week
Year covering not only reduces wind erosion but also keeps higher soil moisture content, is used for second stubble crop growth and development, raising moisture productivity effect.
In embodiments of the present invention, in step s 4, make wheat and corn between next year and carry out " interband crop rotation ", i.e. wheat strip sowing
Wheat is sowed in kind corn, corn belt, eliminates potential continuous cropping obstacle, balance alternating crop interband soil nutrient；In addition, green manure is also
The alternative part inorganic fertilizer in field is conducive to culture fertility, realizes agricultural sustainable development.
In embodiments of the present invention, N, P fertilizer used is urea (46-0-0) and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (18-46-0), number be N,
P2O5、K2O proportion.
It is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
Proving ground and material
Test site：This research was carried out in 2017 in Wuwei experiment station, and soil types is to fill desert soil, and soil layer thickness is about
120cm.Multi-year average precipitation about 156mm, and 7-annual Septembers are concentrated mainly on, year evaporation capacity about 2400mm, irrigation water
Resource is limited, and 7.2 DEG C of area's average temperature of the whole year, >=0 DEG C and >=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature are respectively 3513.4 DEG C and 2985.4 DEG C, is suitable for
Develop intercropping mode.Wheat, corn are the big main cultivation crops in the area two, and sowing ratio is greater than 50%.Because resource-type water shortage is serious, examination
Area water use efficiency is improved by improving unit area output capacity using intercropping and interplanting cropping pattern.However, making between tradition high
It produces and is supplied derived from higher liquid manure, cause conduit for farmland drainage to decline year by year, reduce the stable high yield potentiality of crop production.
Material to be tested
For trying chemical fertilizer：N, P, K content are respectively the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) of 46%, 0%, 0% urea and 18%, 46%, 0%.
For trying pesticide：Avermectin.
For trying mulch：Colourless 0.008mm polyethylene ground film meets GB13735-92 regulation.
For trying crop varieties：Wheat (Ning Chun 2), corn (first jade 335), arrow Kuo pea (Soviet Union's arrow 3).Wheat and corn
Seed generally uses Cotton seeds, and wheat is dressed seed with Mancozeb and prevents and treats root rot, the PP of corn 20mg/kg333Seed dressing is to drop
Low plant height.
Space layout：
Experimental cultivation mode and cultivation technique requirement
Cropping pattern：
Wheat maize intercropping：Using 8：3 banding patterns：8 row of wheat belt kind；3 row of corn belt kind；Breadth is：Wheat belt：Corn belt
=110cm：110cm；Wheat belt and corn belt spacing are 28cm.Mid or late March first sows 8 row wheats, row in preceding stubble corn belt
Away from 12cm；A kind of farm tools of after planting raking immediately is thin, to prevent the soil loss of moisture.Mid or late April punches cave on preceding stubble wheat crop rotation corn belt
Broadcast 3 row corns, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm.That is current year 8 row wheats of every sowing, 3 row corn of band seeding, late July small wheat harvest
After obtaining, wheat belt intercuts (multiple cropping) 8 Hang Jian Kuo pea (green manure).Frost time current year (mid-November) covers after green manure cutting.
Make wheat and corn between next year and carry out " interband crop rotation ", is i.e. wheat belt seeding corn, wheat is sowed in corn belt.
Experimental planting technical requirements：
What crops for rotation is wheat maize intercropping can take over, and make rotary tillage multiple cropping arrow Kuo pea after harvesting wheat, frost time
Cutting covering enters and fills winter water storage, overlay film crop rotation corn after next year wheat belt rotary tillage, corn belt crop rotation wheat before freezing.Make between wheat
Fertilising site preparation is first carried out before corn seeding；Spring wheat fertilising is by applying nitrogen 225kg/hm2, pure P2O5 113kg/hm2, make base manure entirely；
Corn belt fertilising is by applying nitrogen 360kg/hm2, by base manure：Big bell mouth stage top dressing：Pustulation period top dressing=3:6:1 gives, pure P2O5
180kg/hm2, make base manure entirely, when site preparation wants rotary tillage carefully to harrow, and then uses the whole furrow of ridger ridging, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge is along width
40cm, high 40cm, two ridge spacing 6.6m, i.e. a cell-wide, each cell self seed bandwidth 1.1m, breadth (wheat, jade
Rice self seed band) 2.2m, every cell is made of 3 wheats, corn belts, in mid or late March sows wheat, mid or late April is broadcast
Kind corn.Wheat cultivation density is 6,750,000/hm2, 300~375kg/hm of the amount of broadcasting2, drilling, line-spacing 12cm；Corn：It sows close
Degree is 82500 plants/hm2, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, overlay film is flat to be made.Mid-July, corn red spiders, aphid early period of origination are used
1.8% 2000 times of avermectin liquid, it is primary every 7-10d spray, it is 2-3 times total.Irrigation program：Using unified irrigation mode, winter
Storage fills 1200m3/hm2, Maize at Seedling Stage (wheat during jointing stage), the jointing stage (wheat booting period phase), big bell mouth stage (pustulation period),
After spinning phase (sowing of arrow Kuo pea), Early filling stage (arrow Kuo pea seedling stage), pustulation period (arrow Kuo pea squaring period), harvest corn
(Jian Kuo pea florescence) pour water respectively 750,900,750,900,750,750,750m3/hm2.Wheat is early received in due course, after wax ripeness
Phase harvest creates suitable growth environment to intercut Jian Kuo pea.Corn optimum harvest time is late dough, and bract whitens,
Seed is hardened harvest when with gloss, and mass of 1000 kernel is high, and quality is good.After harvest corn, corn belt is turned in time, tilling depth
20-25cm, no-tillage and cover after the cutting of wheat belt multiple cropping Jian Kuo pea.Enter and fills winter water storage before freezing, to corn belt rake, a kind of farm tools, suppression, with
Improve storage capacity.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of sustainable cropping pattern for intercutting green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop, it is characterised in that：Its sustainable planting die
The step of formula is：
S1, spring current year are laid out wheat maize intercropping, and the wheat made, corn bandwidth are 110cm, 8 row of Wheat Species, line-spacing
12cm, 3 row of maize seed, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm；
After S2, current year harvesting wheat, it is green to realize that wheat maize intercropping is intercutted by 6 Hang Jian Kuo pea of wheat belt multiple cropping, line-spacing 15cm
Fertilizer；
S3, frost time current year, green manure mulching and returning realize annual mulching, water conservation, wind erosion prevention；
S4, next year two crops band rotary tillage exchange plantation wheat and corn, realize interband crop rotation, eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacle, balance soil
Earth nutrient.
2. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step sl, wheat maize intercropping is sowed
It is preceding first to carry out fertilising site preparation；Spring wheat fertilising is by applying nitrogen 225kg/hm2, pure P2O5 113kg/hm2, make base manure entirely；It applies corn belt
Fertilizer is by applying nitrogen 360kg/hm2, by base manure：Big bell mouth stage top dressing：Pustulation period top dressing=3:6:1 gives, pure P2O5 180kg/
hm2, make base manure entirely.
3. sustainable cropping pattern as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：It wants rotary tillage carefully to harrow when site preparation, then uses ridging
The whole furrow of machine ridging, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge are a cell-wide along the ridge spacing 6.6m of wide 40cm, high 40cm, two, and each cell is certainly
So sowing bandwidth 1.1m, breadth 2.2m, every cell are made of 3 wheats, corn belts, sow wheat, in 4 months in mid or late March
Last ten-days period seeding corn.
4. sustainable cropping pattern as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Wheat cultivation density is 6,750,000/hm2, broadcast
Measure 675~750kg/hm2, drilling, line-spacing 15cm；Corn seeding density is 82500 plants/hm2, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm cover
Film is flat to be made.
5. sustainable cropping pattern as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：It irrigates using unified irrigation mode, stores away in winter filling
1200m3/hm2, in Maize at Seedling Stage, jointing stage, big bell mouth stage), the spinning phase, Early filling stage, the pustulation period, after harvest corn respectively
It pours water 750,900,750,900,750,750,750m3/hm2。
6. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s 2, after harvesting wheat, wheat belt
It intercuts green manure Jian Kuo pea , Jian Kuo pea not apply fertilizer, thickness of sowing is 1,500,000/hm2(75kg/hm2), 6 row of drilling, line-spacing
15cm。
7. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s3, annual frost period , Jian Kuo
Pea cuts mulching and returning, realizes annual mulching.
8. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s 4, make wheat and corn between next year
Interband crop rotation, i.e. wheat belt seeding corn are carried out, wheat is sowed in corn belt.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN109601291A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of corn, green manure gently simplify efficient intercropping mode |
| CN109743921A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-05-14 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of wheat stalk returning is increased soil fertility new technology |
| CN110122218A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of N application method balancing corn intercrop pea nitrogen supply and demand relationship |
| CN110235711A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-17 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary |
| CN110432104A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-12 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | One inter-species turns over the implantation methods of covering arrow Kuo pea as potato |
| CN110506585A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-11-29 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of wheat maize intercropping implantation methods |
| CN111328655A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Wheat-spinach-corn-green manure intercropping planting and cultivating method |
| CN111345206A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-06-30 | 塔里木大学 | Annual coverage sustainable planting method based on winter wheat, spring corn and summer soybean |
| CN112616351A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Green manure returning and fertilizing method |
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| CN109601291A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-12 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of corn, green manure gently simplify efficient intercropping mode |
| CN109743921A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-05-14 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of wheat stalk returning is increased soil fertility new technology |
| CN110122218A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of N application method balancing corn intercrop pea nitrogen supply and demand relationship |
| CN110235711A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-17 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | A kind of band-like skill of compound and high effect planting method of grain ∥ dish-oil ∥ cotton anniversary |
| CN110432104A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-12 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | One inter-species turns over the implantation methods of covering arrow Kuo pea as potato |
| CN110506585A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-11-29 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of wheat maize intercropping implantation methods |
| CN110506585B (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2021-07-30 | 甘肃农业大学 | Wheat intercropping corn planting method |
| CN111328655A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-06-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Wheat-spinach-corn-green manure intercropping planting and cultivating method |
| CN111328655B (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-04-19 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Wheat-spinach-corn-green manure intercropping planting and cultivating method |
| CN111345206A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-06-30 | 塔里木大学 | Annual coverage sustainable planting method based on winter wheat, spring corn and summer soybean |
| CN112616351A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Green manure returning and fertilizing method |
| CN113785743A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-14 | 山东省农业科学院 | Corn/peanut-wheat crop rotation planting method with reduced nitrogen application |
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