CN116649165A - Corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method, which comprises the following steps: applying fertilizer to the land in spring of the year, preparing the land, sowing soybeans and corns simultaneously between 4 months and 10-30 days, wherein the sown soybeans form soybean belts, the sown corns form corn belts, and the soybean belts and the corn belts are arranged at intervals; paving drip irrigation belts in the soybean belt and the corn belt, and paving mulching films on the corn belt; irrigation and fertilization are respectively carried out on the corn and the soybean through drip irrigation belts according to the requirements of the corn and the soybean; and harvesting soybean and corn between 9 months and 10-30 days while leaving stubbles, and repeating the steps. The corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method can improve the water resource utilization rate and is also beneficial to reducing soybean supply and demand gaps.

Description

Corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a corn intercropping and soybean drip irrigation planting method.

Background technique

The current soybean supply and demand gap is huge. The huge soybean supply and demand gap not only increases the cost of grain and oil, but also is not conducive to grain and oil security. Northwest China is rich in light and heat resources and has great potential for food production. However, the shortage of water resources in Northwest China restricts food production. Therefore, solving the contradiction between food production and water resources is the top priority of agricultural production in this region.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. For this reason, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method, which can improve the utilization rate of water resources and is also conducive to reducing the gap between the supply and demand of soybeans.

The corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method of the embodiment of the present invention includes: Step 1: fertilize the land in the spring of that year and prepare the land, sow soybeans and corn at the same time between April 10-30, the sown soybeans form soybean belts, and the sown corn Form corn strips, the soybean strips and the corn strips are arranged at intervals; step 2: drip irrigation belts are laid in the soybean strips and the corn strips, and mulch is laid on the corn strips; step 3: according to the corn strips Irrigate and fertilize the corn and soybeans respectively through the drip irrigation belt; step 4: harvest soybeans and corn at the same time between September 10-30, and repeat steps 1, 2 and 3.

The corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method of the embodiment of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of water resources, and is also conducive to reducing the gap between the supply and demand of soybeans.

In some embodiments, the corn belt includes multiple rows of corn arranged at intervals, the soybean belt includes multiple rows of soybeans arranged at intervals, the corn is sown in holes, and the row spacing of the corn is 40-50 cm. There are 2 or 3 seeds in each sowing hole, the plant spacing of the corn is 24-30cm, the planting depth of the corn is 3-5cm, the soybean is hole-sowed, and the sowing row spacing of the soybean is 20-30cm, There are 2 or 3 seeds in each sowing hole, the plant-to-plant spacing of the soybeans is 20-30 cm, and the planting depth of the soybeans is 5-7 cm.

In some embodiments, the width ratio of the corn strips to the soybean strips is 3:2, and the width of the corn strips is 1200-1500 cm, and the width of the soybean strips is 600-800 cm.

In some embodiments, the drip irrigation belt is laid between two adjacent rows of corn in the corn belt, the drip irrigation belt is laid between two adjacent rows of soybeans in the soybean belt, and the drip irrigation belt The distance between the soybean root and the soybean root is 10-15 cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the corn root is 20-25 cm.

In some embodiments, the soybean base fertilizer is applied before soybean sowing, the soybean base fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium fertilizer, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 112.5kg/hm ² , the application of the phosphorus pentoxide The amount is 225kg/hm ² , and the applied amount of potassium fertilizer is 36kg/hm ² .

In some embodiments, the corn base fertilizer is applied before corn sowing, and the corn base fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium fertilizer, and the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is 135kg/hm ² , and the application rate of the phosphorus pentoxide 225kg/hm ² , and the applied amount of potassium fertilizer is 36kg/hm ² .

In some embodiments, the seeding irrigation is performed at the emergence stage of the corn, and the irrigation amount of the seeding irrigation is 60-70 mm, and the irrigation is performed at the jointing stage of the corn, and the irrigation amount of the corn jointing stage is 80-100 mm, And add nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage of the corn, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 270kg/hm ² , and irrigate at the flowering stage of the corn, and the irrigation amount at the flowering stage of the corn is 70-80mm, and it is carried out at the filling stage of the corn For irrigation, the amount of irrigation at the corn filling stage is 30-50mm, and nitrogen fertilizer is added at the corn filling stage, and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 45kg/hm ² .

In some embodiments, the soybeans are irrigated between May 7-10 with an irrigation volume of 80-100 mm, and the soybean seedlings are irrigated twice during May 15-20 with an irrigation volume of 30-50 mm each time. , between May 25-30, the soybeans were irrigated again, the irrigation volume was 70-80mm, and the irrigation was carried out during the soybean flower bud differentiation period, and the irrigation volume of the soybean flower bud differentiation period was 90-100mm. Irrigation is carried out at the pod stage, and the irrigation amount at the flowering and pod setting stage of the soybean is 70-80 mm.

In some embodiments, soybeans are sprayed with chlormequat between July 10-20.

In some embodiments, alachlor or acetochlor is evenly sprayed before corn mulching, and the application amount of said alachlor or acetochlor is 150ml/mu, and 2000-2500 times of alachlor is sprayed at the jointing stage of corn. Vermectin or pyridaben emulsifiable oil.

In some embodiments, the harvested height of the corn stubble is 10-12 cm, and the harvested height of the soybean stubble is 5-8 cm.

Beneficial effects: the corn intercropping and soybean drip irrigation planting method of the embodiment of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of water resources, and is also conducive to reducing the gap between supply and demand of soybeans.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of corn and soybeans in the drip irrigation planting method of corn intercropping and soybeans according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of corn irrigation time in the corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of soybean irrigation time in the corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of corn and soybeans in the drip irrigation planting method of corn intercropping and soybeans according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of corn irrigation time and irrigation amount.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of soybean irrigation time and irrigation amount.

Figure 7 shows the water yield and water use efficiency under different treatments.

Fig. 8 is the yield and water use efficiency under corn intercropping soybean in comparative example.

Fig. 9 is the yield and water use efficiency under corn intercropping soybean in another comparative example.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method of the embodiment of the present invention includes: Step 1: Fertilizing the land in the spring of that year and preparing the land, sowing soybeans and corn at the same time between April 10-30, sowing The soybeans form the soybean belt, the sown corn forms the corn belt, and the soybean belt and the corn belt are arranged at intervals.

It should be noted that the land was fertilized and prepared in the spring of that year. The land preparation measures included rotary tillage, basal fertilizer application, overturning and land preparation, and weeding machines were sprayed in the corn belt, and soybeans and corn were sown at the same time between April 10 and 30. For example, soybean varieties should be shade-tolerant, drought-resistant and lodging-resistant northern spring-sowed varieties, and corn varieties should be compact or semi-compact suitable machine-sowed varieties. Sow 3 rows of corn in the corn belt and 3 rows of soybeans in the soybean belt.

Step 2: Lay drip irrigation tape in both the soybean belt and the corn belt, and lay mulch on the corn belt.

It should be noted that the upstream of the drip irrigation belt is connected to the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation system. The corn belt and the soybean belt are respectively controlled by two pipelines. Cover the soil with about 2cm, and lay mulch on the corn belt. Covering the drip irrigation belt completely in the ground can not only reduce the evaporation of water, improve the water utilization rate, but also avoid the damage of the drip irrigation belt.

The mulch film only covers the corn belt, which can reduce the amount of mulch film used, reduce the pollution of the soil by the mulch film, facilitate the growth of crops in the next year and ensure the nutrient content of the soil.

The location of the drip irrigation belt is between two adjacent rows of crops, which ensures that the plow layer is fully moist and at the same time reduces the evaporation of the gaps between the strips, reduces the interactive use of water and fertilizer by soybeans and corn, and weakens the interspecific competition in their respective key water demand periods. The mulch film uses a transparent mulch film with a film width of 1.4m, which is low in cost and can ensure that the corn strips are completely covered. The laying of the mulch film can ensure the stable emergence of corn in each hole.

Step 3: Irrigate and fertilize the corn and soybeans respectively through the drip irrigation belt according to the requirements of the corn and soybeans.

It should be noted that during the whole growth period of soybeans and corns, a small amount of irrigation is carried out according to the needs of corns and soybeans, which can not only improve the utilization rate of water resources, but also prevent soil compaction.

Step 4: To harvest soybeans and corn at the same time between September 10-30, repeat steps 1, 2 and 3.

For example, the height of corn stubble harvesting is 10～12cm, for example, the height of corn stubble harvesting is 10cm, 11cm, 11.5cm, 12cm, the height of soybean stubble harvesting is 5～8cm, for example, the height of soybean stubble harvesting is 5cm, 6cm, 7cm, 8cm.

The corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method of the embodiment of the present invention, compared with the traditional monocropping corn and monocropping soybeans, reduces annual water consumption, slows down the decline of groundwater level, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The soil fertility in the stubble stage can reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer in corn cultivation with the help of the nitrogen fixation of leguminous green manure. At the same time, it can balance soil nutrients and eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacles. It can also significantly increase the organic matter and available N, P and other nutrients in the farmland soil. content, and then can replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is conducive to fertilizing soil, realizing sustainable agricultural development, improving water production efficiency, and can enhance the stability of crop production, and can increase corn and soybean yields as well as water and land resource utilization. Conducive to reducing the gap between soybean supply and demand. Stubble harvesting of soybeans helps keep soybean roots in the soil while reducing soil tillage, which is conservation tillage of the soil. The stubble harvesting of corn, the corn root system retained in the soil can prevent soil erosion, and can also stabilize the plastic film, and the plastic film can be used for one or two years to reduce the amount of plastic film used.

In some embodiments, the corn belt includes multiple rows of corn arranged at intervals, the soybean belt includes multiple rows of soybeans arranged at intervals, the corn is sown in holes, the sowing row spacing of the corn is 40-50 cm, and there are 2 or 3 rows in each sowing hole. The plant spacing of corn is 24-30cm, the planting depth of corn is 3-5cm, the soybean is planted in holes, the sowing row spacing of soybean is 20-30cm, and there are 2 or 3 seeds in each sowing hole, and the plant spacing of soybean is 20-30cm. 20-30cm, and the planting depth of soybeans is 5-7cm.

It should be noted that the distance between two adjacent rows of corn in the corn belt is the corn row spacing, and the distance between two adjacent rows of soybeans in the soybean belt is the soybean row spacing.

For example, the sowing row spacing of corn can be 40cm, 45cm or 50cm, and the corn in the corn belt is sown in 3 rows, and the number of corn seeds in each sowing hole is 2 or 3 seeds. . The plant spacing of corn is 24cm, 26cm, 27cm, 28cm, 29cm or 30cm, which can make full use of light, heat and soil resources. The planting depth of corn can be 3cm, 4cm or 5cm, which ensures better air permeability and higher emergence rate of corn seeds after sowing, and reduces root rot in the late growth period of corn. Multiple plants increase overall yield.

The sowing row spacing of soybeans can be 20cm, 25cm or 30cm. The soybeans in the soybean belt are sown in 3 rows, and the number of soybean seeds in each sowing hole is 2 or 3 seeds. The plant spacing of soybeans is 20cm, 24cm, 26cm, 28cm, 29cm or 30cm, which can make full use of light, heat and soil resources. Soybeans can be planted at a depth of 5cm, 6cm or 7cm to ensure better air permeability and at the same time enable soybean seeds to have a higher emergence rate after sowing, and reduce root rot in the late growth period of soybeans. No thinning is required after emergence. Multiple plants increase overall yield.

In some embodiments, the width ratio of the corn strips to the soybean strips is 3:2, the width of the corn strips is 1200-1500 cm, and the width of the soybean strips is 600-800 cm.

For example, if the width of the corn belt is 1200cm and the width of the soybean belt is 800cm, the width ratio of the corn belt and the soybean belt is 3:2. Alternatively, the width ratio of corn strips to soybean strips can be 2:1. Alternatively, the width ratio of the corn strips to the soybean strips can be 3:3. For example, the width of the corn belt is 1200cm, and the width of the soybean belt is 600cm. By setting a reasonable width ratio between corn strips and soybean strips, it can ensure that both corn and soybeans have a high emergence rate, reduce the interactive use of water and fertilizer by soybeans and corn, weaken the interspecific competition in their respective key water demand periods, and avoid corn and soybeans. Compete for water and nutrients to boost corn and soybean yields.

In some embodiments, the drip irrigation tape is laid between two adjacent rows of corn in the corn belt, and the drip irrigation tape is laid between two adjacent rows of soybeans in the soybean belt, and the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the soybean root is 10 ~15cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation tape and the corn root is 20~25cm.

For example, the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the two adjacent rows of soybeans is 10cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm or 15cm, and the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the two adjacent rows of corn can be 20cm, 21cm, 22cm, 23cm, 24cm or 25cm.

For example, each composite planting strip includes 4 drip irrigation belts, and the drip irrigation belt drippers are laid down under the film, and the soil is covered on the film to completely cover the drip irrigation belt. It should be noted that the composite planting strip is composed of two adjacent soybean strips and corn strips to form a composite planting strip, which reduces the number of drip irrigation strips, reduces production costs, and facilitates precise control of water and fertilizer.

It should be noted that when the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the soybean root is too small, it is easy to cause the soybean root to rot and cause waste of water and fertilizer. When the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the soybean root is too large, the crop root cannot absorb Water and fertilizer, and it will also cause compaction of the soil near the root system.

Similarly, when the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the corn root is too small, it is easy to cause the corn root to rot and cause waste of water and fertilizer. When the distance between the drip irrigation belt and the corn root is too large, the crop root cannot absorb water and fertilizer. It also causes compaction of the soil near the root system.

In some embodiments, the soybean base fertilizer is applied before soybean sowing, the soybean base fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium fertilizer, and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 112.5kg/hm ² , and the application amount of phosphorus pentoxide is 225kg/hm ² , the application rate of potassium fertilizer is 36kg/hm ² . Applying basal fertilizer before soybean sowing is helpful for the growth and development of soybean in the early stage of growth. If the amount of basal fertilizer is too low, it will reduce the nitrogen fixation ability of soybean crops in the later stage. Excessive fertilization will lead to serious leaching loss of soil fertility.

It should be noted that the soybean base fertilizer is water-soluble fertilizer or compound fertilizer.

In some embodiments, the corn base fertilizer is applied before corn sowing, the corn base fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium fertilizer, and the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 135kg/hm ² , and the application rate of phosphorus pentoxide is 225kg/hm ² , The application rate of potassium fertilizer is 36kg/hm ² .

It should be noted that the corn base fertilizer can be water-soluble fertilizer or compound fertilizer. Applying the base fertilizer before corn sowing will help the growth and development of the corn in the early stage of growth. If the amount of base fertilizer is too low, it will reduce the growth of corn in the later stage. Excessive fertilization will lead to the loss of soil fertility. Seriously, it can also ensure the annual yield of crop rotations while reducing soil carbon emissions.

In some embodiments, the seeding irrigation is carried out at the corn seedling stage, the irrigation amount of the seeding irrigation is 60-70 mm, and the irrigation is performed at the jointing stage of the corn, and the irrigation amount of the corn jointing stage is 80-100 mm, and nitrogen fertilizer is added at the jointing stage of the corn, The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 270kg/hm ² , and the irrigation is carried out at the corn flowering stage. The irrigation amount of the corn flowering stage is 70-80 mm. Nitrogen fertilizer was added, and the applied amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 45kg/hm ² .

For example, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the amount of irrigation at the corn seedling stage can be 60mm, 64mm, 68mm or 70mm, the irrigation amount of the corn jointing stage can be 80mm, 85mm, 90mm, 95mm or 100mm, and the irrigation amount of the corn flowering stage The amount can be 70mm, 75mm or 80mm, and the irrigation amount during the corn filling period can be 30mm, 35mm or 40mm.

It should be noted that the nitrogen fertilizer of corn is applied in batches, base fertilizer: joint topdressing: filling topdressing = 3:6:1, for the convenience of field practice and large-scale planting, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to corn is distributed according to the width ratio of the corn belt, The specific practical operation is: 135kg/hm ² of pure nitrogen, 225kg/hm ² of pure P ₂ O ₅ , and 36kg/hm ² of pure K are used as base fertilizer and sprinkled to the soil layer after rotary tillage, and then carry out operations such as turning and compacting the soil, and then respectively During the corn jointing stage (around June 5th) and the filling stage (around July 28th), dissolve urea (270kg/hm ² , 45kg/hm ² ) in water and drop it into the corn belt through the fertilization valve water and fertilizer integrated pipe belt.

In some embodiments, the soybeans are irrigated between May 7-10 with an irrigation volume of 80-100 mm, and the soybean seedlings are irrigated twice during May 15-20 with an irrigation volume of 30-50 mm each time. , The soybeans were irrigated again between May 25th and 30th. The irrigation amount was 70-80 mm, and the irrigation was carried out during the soybean flower bud differentiation stage. The irrigation amount during the soybean flower bud differentiation stage was 90-100 mm. , The amount of irrigation for soybean flowering and pod setting is 70-80 mm.

For example, on May 7th, the water for irrigation and sowing is 90mm, or the water for irrigation and sowing is 80mm, 85mm, 95mm, and 100mm. 50mm, on May 27, the amount of irrigation for soybeans can be 70mm, 75mm, 80mm; on June 11, the irrigation amount of soybean flower bud differentiation can be 90mm, 95mm, 100mm; The amount of irrigation in the pod stage can be 70mm, 75mm, 80mm.

It should be noted that strip precision irrigation for corn and soybean not only reduces luxury transpiration, but also ensures that crops have sufficient water for growth during their respective critical water demand periods.

In some embodiments, chlormequat is sprayed on soybeans between July 10 and 20, and chlormequat is sprayed through box soybeans to prevent excessive growth of soybeans, lodging and yield reduction, and improve the growth quality and yield of soybeans.

In some embodiments, alachlor or acetochlor is evenly sprayed before corn mulching, the application amount of alachlor or acetochlor is 150ml/mu, and 2000-2500 times of Avermectin is sprayed at the jointing stage of corn or pyridaben emulsifiable oil. Spraying alachlor or acetochlor to corn before sowing can weed the land, avoid the nutrient competition between weeds and corn, and improve the emergence rate, and spray avermectin or pyrydimite at the jointing stage of corn Ling emulsifiable oil can repel insects on corn, improve the growth quality and final yield of corn.

The drip irrigation planting method of some specific examples of corn intercropping and soybean in the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 .

1. Test site, test materials and test crop varieties

Test site: This test was carried out at the Shiyang River Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Wuwei City, Gansu Province (N 37°52', E 102°51', 1581m above sea level). The sunshine duration is more than 3000 h, the frost-free period is more than 150 days, the water surface evaporation is more than 2000 mm, and the annual average rainfall is only 164.4 mm, which belongs to a typical temperate continental arid climate. The annual average temperature is 8°C, the accumulated temperature above 0°C is above 3550°C, and the buried depth of groundwater is 30-40m.

Test materials: The test fertilizers are diammonium phosphate with N and P contents of 18% and 46%, urea with N content of 46%, and potassium sulfate with K content of 50%.

Pesticides tested: chlormequat was applied to soybeans; acetochlor and dimethion were applied to corn.

4. Varieties of crops to be tested: soybean (Longhuang No. 3), corn (Xianyu 1225).

5. Planting method: as shown in Figure 4.

2. Implementation

In 2021 and 2022, the water and fertilizer integration test of corn-soybean intercropping compound planting was carried out respectively, and the corn-soybean intercropping treatment, the corn monocropping treatment, and the soybean monocropping treatment were set up. From April 15th to April 25th, carry out rotary tillage, fertilization, plowing, leveling, etc. The amount of base fertilizer applied is urea 126kg/hm ² , diammonium hydrogen phosphate 490kg/hm ² , diammonium hydrogen phosphate 490kg/hm ^2. Potassium sulfate 72kg/hm ² . After the fertilization measures are completed, the ground is turned and leveled, the fertilizer and the soil are evenly mixed, and then the drip irrigation belt is laid between the rows of the plants to be planted, with the dripper facing down, and then the corn strips are covered with film and soil to prevent the film from being blown away by the wind. Sow soybeans and corn successively on April 25, control corn row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 24cm, soybean row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 20cm, the field layout is shown in Figure 1. Soybean and corn alone are planted at the same time as soybean and corn in compound planting.

On April 22-24, the dilute solution of acetochlor 2.5L/hm ² was evenly sprayed on the corn strips, and then the drip irrigation belt and plastic film were laid.

On April 25, corn strip irrigation was carried out, and the irrigation volume was 400m³/hm ² . The emergence period of soybeans is relatively dry, so soybeans have been irrigated since May 7 to ensure full emergence of soybeans. The irrigation time and the total amount of single irrigation during the growth period of corn and soybean under single cropping and intercropping strip compound planting are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, respectively.

It should be noted that the area occupied by corn in soybean-corn strip intercropping compound planting is 60%; the irrigation of monocropping and intercropping corn is the same; Irrigation is the same.

On May 17, spray avermectin and pyridaben EC dilute 2000 times on the corn leaves.

On July 9, 1000-fold dilution of chlormequat was sprayed on soybean seedlings.

Corn and soybeans were harvested from September 13th to 16th.

3. Experimental results and analysis

The experimental results show that, as shown in Figure 7, under the same amount of irrigation, the corn-soybean intercropping strip compound planting pattern described in this paper has increased the corn yield by 3871kg/hm ² compared with the single-cropping corn and single-cropping soybean in the example, respectively. The increase rate is 26%; the soybean yield is increased by 743.1kg/hm ² , the increase rate is 21%. At the same time, the corn-soybean intercropping strip compound planting mode increased the water use efficiency of corn by 16%, and the water use efficiency of soybean by 31%. At the same time, the water use efficiency of corn and soybean irrigation was increased by 24.3% and 23.8%, respectively. On this basis, the land equivalent ratio of the corn-soybean strip intercropping model is 1.23, which is greater than 1, indicating that this planting model has significantly improved the land use efficiency in this area. This invention is a planting method with strong resource-intensive utilization capabilities and simple implementation methods .

Comparative example 1:

Implementation location: Lanzhou City, Gansu Province

Implementation method: The test time is 2019 and 2020. Corn and soybeans are sown in late April, soybeans are harvested in mid-September, and corn are harvested in mid-October. The row spacing of corn and soybean is the same as the example, and the planting density of monocropping and intercropping Similarly, 225kg/hm ² of urea and 150kg/hm ² of superphosphate were applied before sowing, and drip irrigation and irrigation regulation were not carried out throughout the growth period.

Results: As shown in Figure 8, compared with the example, the drip irrigation, water and fertilizer integration technology of the corn and soybean strip compound planting can increase the corn yield by an average of 7241kg/hm ² (about 62%), and the water use efficiency is 0.31 kg/m ³ (15%), increase soybean yield by 1773kg/hm ² (about 70%), water use efficiency 0.18kg/m ³ (15%), and increase the overall land equivalent ratio by 0.14 (31%). In the intercropping of corn and soybean, due to the different water demand periods of soybean and corn, this study adopts crop strips for precision irrigation, that is, only soybeans are precisely irrigated when soybeans need water, and only corn is precisely irrigated when corn needs water.

At present, the irrigation method in the intercropping system is generally conventional traditional flood irrigation, and does not distinguish between crops, that is, when soybeans need water, because ground irrigation cannot be precisely controlled and strips cannot be distinguished, soybeans and corns will be irrigated together. Similarly, when corn needs water, ground irrigation also irrigates soybeans and corn at the same time. However, when soybeans need water, corn does not need water, and when corn needs water, soybeans are not necessarily in the water critical period.

Therefore, the strip-wise precision drip irrigation technology for soybean and corn in the patent of this description also performs precise controlled irrigation of crop strips according to the different water demand periods of the two intercropping crops, which can effectively reduce the waste of irrigation water and greatly Improve water use efficiency. And because the soybean-corn belt-shaped compound planting mode maintains the density of corn and single-crop corn without reducing, and intercropping soybeans for another season, the corn yield per unit hectare does not decrease and at the same time an extra season of soybeans is harvested, and the economic benefits of the system are greatly improved. In turn, the economic water use efficiency of this crop production system is greatly improved.

Corn and soybean intercropping, irrigation in strips, on the one hand, the intercropping of grains and soybeans is beneficial to the biological nitrogen fixation function of soybeans, and improves the nitrogen utilization rate. This leads to strong competition for water resources between crops, which is not conducive to the growth and development of crop products during the accumulation period. Therefore, the present invention solves the problem of water resource competition well, and also solves the problem of water and fertilizer integration in the northwest by means of drip irrigation. The problem of water conservation and production increase in the region.

Comparative example 2:

Implementation location: Xianyang, Shaanxi

Implementation method: The test time was 2013 and 2014. Corn and soybean were sown at the same time in late April and harvested in mid-September. The row ratio of corn and soybean was 2:4, 2:2 in a 2m composite planting strip. 2 (3:3 in the present invention) three kinds of planting ratio treatments, apply base fertilizer N 90kg/hm2, P2O5150 kg/hm2 before sowing, and topdress nitrogen fertilizer 67.5kg/hm2 in the big bell mouth stage and silking stage of corn , No drip irrigation and irrigation regulation are performed throughout the growth period.

result:

As shown in Figure 9, compared with the embodiment, the inter-row ratio setting of this corn-soybean compound planting technology has improved the water use efficiency by 0.93kg/m ³ (33 %), 0.42kg/m ³ (13%), and increased the land equivalent ratio by 0.18 (17%) and 0.21 (20%).

In the description of the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; can be mechanically connected, can also be electrically connected or can communicate with each other; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, Unless expressly defined otherwise. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "beneath" the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.

As used herein, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific examples," or "some examples" mean specific features, structures, materials, or features described in connection with the embodiment or example. A feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make the above-mentioned The embodiments are subject to changes, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims (10)

1. A drip irrigation planting method for corn intercropping soybean, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: applying fertilizer to the land in spring of the year, preparing the land, sowing soybeans and corns simultaneously between 4 months and 10-30 days, wherein the sown soybeans form soybean belts, the sown corns form corn belts, and the soybean belts and the corn belts are arranged at intervals;

step 2: paving drip irrigation belts in the soybean belt and the corn belt, and paving mulching films on the corn belt;

step 3: irrigation and fertilization are respectively carried out on the corn and the soybean through drip irrigation belts according to the requirements of the corn and the soybean;

step 4: and (3) harvesting soybean and corn between 9 months and 10-30 days while leaving stubbles, and repeating the steps 1, 2 and 3.

2. The method for drip irrigation planting of corn intercropping soybeans according to claim 1, wherein the corn belt comprises a plurality of rows of soybeans which are arranged at intervals, the soybeans are sown in holes, the sowing row spacing of the corn is 40-50 cm, 2 or 3 seeds are arranged in each sowing hole, the planting spacing of the corn is 24-30 cm, the sowing depth of the corn is 3-5 cm, the soybeans are sown in holes, the sowing row spacing of the soybeans is 20-30 cm, 2 or 3 seeds are arranged in each sowing hole, the planting spacing of the soybeans is 20-30 cm, and the sowing depth of the soybeans is 5-7 cm.

3. The corn intercropping soybean drip irrigation planting method according to claim 1, wherein the width ratio of the corn band to the soybean band is 3:2, the width of the corn belt is 1200-1500 cm, and the width of the soybean belt is 600-800 cm.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the drip tape is laid between two adjacent rows of corn in the corn band, the drip tape is laid between two adjacent rows of soybeans in the soybean band, the distance between the drip tape and the root of the soybeans is 10-15 cm, and the distance between the drip tape and the root of the corn is 20-25 cm.

5. The method for drip irrigation planting of corn intercropping soybeans according to claim 1, wherein a soybean base fertilizer is applied before sowing soybeans, wherein the soybean base fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium fertilizer, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 112.5kg/hm ² The application amount of the phosphorus pentoxide is 225kg/hm ² The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 36kg/hm ² 。

6. The method for drip irrigation planting of corn intercropping soybeans according to claim 5, wherein a corn base fertilizer is applied before corn sowing, wherein the corn base fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium fertilizer, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 135kg/hm ² The application amount of the phosphorus pentoxide is 225kg/hm ² The application amount of the potash fertilizer is 36kg/hm ² 。

7. The method for drip irrigation planting of corn intercropping soybean according to claim 1, wherein the seeding irrigation is performed in the seedling emergence period of the corn, the irrigation amount of the seeding irrigation is 60-70 mm, the irrigation is performed in the jointing period of the corn, the irrigation amount of the jointing period of the corn is 80-100 mm, and nitrogen fertilizer is added in the jointing period of the corn, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 270kg/hm ² Irrigation is carried out in the corn flowering period, the irrigation amount in the corn flowering period is 70-80 mm, irrigation is carried out in the corn grouting period, the irrigation amount in the corn grouting period is 30-50 mm, nitrogen fertilizer is added in the corn grouting period, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 45kg/hm ² 。

8. The method for drip irrigation planting of corn intercropping soybeans according to claim 1, wherein the soybeans are irrigated for 7-10 days in 5 months, the irrigation amount is 80-100 mm, the soybeans are irrigated for two times in the seedling stage of 15-20 days in 5 months, the irrigation amount is 30-50 mm each time, the soybeans are irrigated for another 25-30 days in 5 months, the irrigation amount is 70-80 mm, the irrigation amount is 90-100 mm in the bud differentiation stage of the soybeans, the irrigation amount is 70-80 mm in the flowering and pod stage of the soybeans.

9. The method for planting corn intercropping soybean by drip irrigation according to claim 1, wherein chlormequat chloride is sprayed to the soybean between 7 months and 10-20 days, alachlor or acetochlor is uniformly sprayed before corn film coating, the application amount of alachlor or acetochlor is 150 ml/mu, and avermectin or pyridaben emulsifiable concentrate of 2000-2500 times is sprayed in the jointing period of corn.

10. The method for drip irrigation planting of corn intercropping soybeans according to claim 1, wherein the corn stubble harvesting height is 10-12 cm, and the soybean stubble harvesting height is 5-8 cm.