CN110506585A - A kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of wheat maize intercropping implantation methods, include the following steps: step 1: spring current year first carries out fertilising site preparation to soil, sowed wheat between 10-20 days March, between 10-20 days April between make seeding corn after cover mulch, and periodically irrigated；Step 2: after the wheat in step 1 is mature, by wheat stalk no-tillage and cover returning to the field after toothing 25-30cm harvest, carrying out annual mulching；Step 3: mulch recycles after harvest corn in step 1, carries out annual mulching；Step 4: next year is no-tillage Direct seed, and step 1, step 2 and step 3 are repeated, the present invention is recycled using straw-returning, mulch, by realizing annual mulching, not only it reduces wind erosion but also keeps higher soil moisture content, be used for second stubble crop growth and development, improve moisture productivity effect.Soil organic carbon can be improved in straw-returning, is conducive to culture fertility, meanwhile, no-tillage reduction carbon puts into and reduces carbon emission, realizes agricultural sustainable development.

Description

A kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a wheat intercropping corn planting method.

Background technique

In the arid inland oasis irrigation area, wheat and corn are the two main crops, and the sowing ratio is greater than 50%. Due to the serious water shortage of resources, the intercropping planting mode is adopted to improve the resource utilization efficiency by increasing the output rate per unit area. However, the high yield of traditional intercropping depends largely on the excessive input of purchased resources such as chemical fertilizers, irrigation, plastic film, and mechanical power to achieve high output. Negative effects such as ecosystem degradation, biodiversity reduction, and poor system stability have significantly reduced the quality of cultivated land and regional ecological carrying capacity, reducing the potential for high and stable crop production.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a wheat intercropping and corn planting method, which adopts straw returning to the field and plastic film recycling, and realizes annual covering, which not only reduces wind erosion but also maintains a high soil moisture content, which is used for the growth and development of next crops , Improve water production efficiency. Straw returning to the field can increase the content of soil organic carbon, which is beneficial to fertilize the soil. At the same time, no-tillage reduces carbon input and carbon emissions, and realizes sustainable agricultural development.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method, comprises the steps:

Step 1: Fertilize and prepare the land in the spring of that year, sow wheat between March 10 and 20, interplant corn between April 10 and 20, cover with plastic film, and regularly irrigate;

Step 2: When the wheat in step 1 is mature, leave 25-30cm of stubble and return the wheat straw to the field without tillage after harvesting for annual mulching;

Step 3: When the corn in step 1 is harvested, the mulch is recycled for annual mulching;

Step 4: Sow no-till hard stubble in the next year, and repeat steps 1, 2 and 3.

Further, the intercropped wheat and corn have a width of 80 cm, 6 rows of wheat species with a row spacing of 12 cm, and 2 rows of corn species with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm.

Further, the amount of fertilizing the cultivated land in step 1 is: one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer 180kg/hm2 and phosphorus fertilizer 90kg/hm2 before sowing of spring wheat; one-time application of phosphorus fertilizer 180kg/hm2 and nitrogen fertilizer 108kg/hm2 as base manure before corn sowing. Apply 180kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer to the big bell-mouth stage, and apply 72kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer again after the corn grows to the filling stage.

Further, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O in urea is 46:0:0, the phosphate fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate, and the ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O in diammonium phosphate is 18:46:0.

Further, the land preparation needs to be rotary plowed and finely harrowed, and then the ridges are formed with a ridge machine. The width of the ridge bottom is 60 cm, the width of the ridge edge is 40 cm, the height of the ridge is 40 cm, and the distance between the two ridges is 4.8 m, and the planting plot is formed between the two ridges. Each planting plot has three rows of wheat and one row of corn, and the width between wheat and corn is 1.6m.

Further, the wheat is sown by drill, the sowing density is 6.75 million grains/hm2, and the sowing rate is 675-750kg/hm2; the sowing density of corn is 82500 plants/hm2.

Further, in step 1, uniform irrigation is used for irrigation, and the amount of water in the winter storage tank for the cultivated land before the soil of the cultivated land is frozen in the previous year is 1200m3/hm2. Irrigate 750m3/hm2, 900m3/hm2 and 750m3/hm2; water 750m3/hm2, 900m3/hm2, 750m3/hm2, 900m3 respectively at the corn seedling stage, jointing stage, bell mouth stage, silking stage, early grouting stage and grouting stage /hm2, 750m3/hm2 and 750m3/hm2.

Further, in step 1, the variety of wheat seeds used when sowing wheat on cultivated land around March 10-20 of that year is Ningchun 2; in step 1, the corn used for intercropping sowing on cultivated land on April 10-20 of that year The variety of seeds is Xianyu 335.

Further, wheat is seed-dressed with mancozeb, and corn is seed-dressed with 20 mg/kg PP333.

Further, in step 1, between July 10-20, 1.8% abamectin 2000 times solution was used to spray the corn once every 7-10 days.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the traditional production mode can be changed, and a new sustainable agricultural production mode can be created. The planting mode of the present invention can increase food production, improve the stability of crop production, increase yield and resource utilization, Reduce mechanical input through no-tillage, and reduce plastic film input through plastic film recycling. Straw returning can increase soil organic carbon content, which is conducive to fertilization and soil fertility, and achieve sustainable agricultural development. Mancozeb seed dressing for wheat can prevent and control root growth. For rot, corn seed dressing with 20mg/kg of PP ₃₃₃ can reduce the plant height.

Detailed ways

1. Test location, test materials and test crop varieties

1. Test site: This study was carried out at the Wuwei Test Station. The soil type is irrigated desert soil, and the soil layer is about 120cm thick. The annual average rainfall is about 156mm, and it is mainly concentrated in July-September of each year. The annual evaporation is about 2400mm, and the irrigation water resources are limited. and 2985.4°C, suitable for the development of intercropping models. Wheat and corn are the two main crops in this area, and the sowing ratio is more than 50%. Due to the serious water shortage of resources, the intercropping planting mode was adopted in the test area to improve the water use efficiency by increasing the output rate per unit area. However, the high yield of traditional intercropping depends largely on the excessive input of purchased resources such as chemical fertilizers, irrigation, plastic film, and mechanical power to achieve high output. Negative effects such as ecosystem degradation, biodiversity reduction, and poor system stability have significantly reduced the quality of cultivated land and regional ecological carrying capacity, reducing the potential for high and stable crop production.

2. Materials for testing: Fertilizers for testing: N, P, K contents are 46%, 0%, 0% urea and 18%, 46%, 0% diammonium phosphate respectively.

3. The tested pesticide: abamectin.

4. Mulch film to be tested: colorless 0.008mm polyethylene mulch film, conforming to the regulations of GB13735-92.

5. Varieties of crops to be tested: wheat (Ningchun No. 2), corn (Xianyu 335). Wheat and corn seeds are generally treated with coating, wheat is seed-dressed with mancozeb to prevent root rot, and corn is seed-dressed with 20mg/kg PP333 to reduce plant height.

2. Planting method

Step 1: In the spring of that year, fertilize the land and prepare the land first, sow wheat between March 10-20, intercrop corn between April 10-20, cover with plastic film, and regularly irrigate, the intercropping Both wheat and corn have a width of 80cm, and are intercropped according to the 6:2 strip pattern, that is, 6 rows of wheat species with a row spacing of 12cm, and 2 rows of corn seeds with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 25cm;

Step 2: When the wheat in step 1 is mature, leave 25-30cm of stubble and return the wheat straw to the field without tillage after harvesting for annual mulching;

Step 3: When the corn in step 1 is harvested, the mulch is recycled for annual mulching;

Step 4: Sow no-till hard stubble in the next year, and repeat steps 1, 2 and 3.

Wherein in step 1, the amount of fertilization to cultivated land is: one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer 180kg/hm ² and phosphorus fertilizer 90kg/hm ² before spring wheat sowing; one-time application of phosphate fertilizer 180kg/hm ² and nitrogen fertilizer 108kg/hm ² as basal fertilizer before corn sowing 180kg/hm ² of nitrogen fertilizer is applied when the corn grows to the big bell-mouth stage, and 72kg/hm ² of nitrogen fertilizer is applied again after the corn grows to the filling stage, and the corn belt is applied according to the base fertilizer period: big bell-mouth stage: filling stage = 3:5:2 Nitrogen fertilizer is conducive to enhancing the matching degree of crop nitrogen demand and nitrogen supply and improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. The nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the ratio of N, P ₂ O ₅ to K ₂ O in urea is 46:0:0, the phosphate fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate, and the ratio of N, P ₂ O ₅ to K ₂ O in diammonium phosphate for 18:46:0:

In step 1, the soil should be prepared by rotary plowing and fine harrowing, and then the ridges will be ridged with a ridge machine. The bottom width of the ridge is 60 cm, the width of the ridge edge is 40 cm, the height of the ridge is 40 cm, and the distance between the two ridges is 4.8 m, and the planting plot is formed between the two ridges. There are three rows of wheat and one row of corn planted in each planting plot. The width between wheat and corn is 1.6m. The area under sunlight and the use of water and fertilizer can improve crop productivity.

In step 1, the wheat is sown by drill, the sowing density is 6.75 million grains/hm ² , and the sowing rate is 675-750 kg/hm ² ; the sowing density of corn is 82,500 plants/hm ² .

In step 1, uniform irrigation is used for irrigation, and the water volume of the winter storage tank for the cultivated land before the soil in the previous year is 1200m ³ /hm ² is 1200m 3 /hm 2 . Irrigate 750m ³ /hm ² , 900m ³ /hm ² and 750m ³ /hm ² , and water 750m ³ /hm ² and 900m 2 in the corn seedling stage, jointing stage, bell mouth stage, silking stage, early grouting stage and grouting stage respectively ³ /hm ² , 750m ³ /hm ² , 900m ³ /hm ² , 750m ³ /hm ² and 750m ³ /hm ² .

3. Experimental Design and Results Analysis

1. Random block design

In this experiment, random block design was adopted, and 4 intercropping treatments were composed of different management methods of straw and plastic film, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and 12 plots were formed. See Table 1 for test treatments and codes.

Table 1 Test treatment and operation specifications

4. Results analysis

The results showed that compared with the treatment of no-tillage straw mulching in wheat belt and secondary (recycling) utilization (NTM) of plastic film in corn belt, the yield increased by 14.9% %, water use efficiency increased by 15.4%, carbon emissions decreased by 14.7%, and organic carbon content in the 0-30cm soil layer increased by 12.5%.

Table 2 Differences in yield performance, water use efficiency and carbon emissions of different treatments

Claims (10)

1. a wheat intercropping corn planting method is characterized in that comprising the steps: Step 1: Fertilize and prepare the land in the spring of that year, sow wheat between March 10 and 20, interplant corn between April 10 and 20, cover with plastic film, and regularly irrigate; Step 2: When the wheat in step 1 is mature, leave 25-30cm of stubble and return the wheat straw to the field without tillage after harvesting for annual mulching; Step 3: When the corn in step 1 is harvested, the mulch is recycled for annual mulching; Step 4: Sow no-till hard stubble in the next year, and repeat steps 1, 2 and 3. 2. a kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the wheat of described intercropping, corn width are 80cm, 6 rows of wheat kind, row spacing 12cm, 2 rows of corn kind, row spacing 40cm, The distance between plants is 25cm. 3. A kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, the amount of fertilizing cultivated land is: one ^- time application of nitrogen fertilizer 180kg/hm and phosphorus fertilizer 90kg/hm before spring wheat sowing ² ; Apply 180kg/hm ² of phosphorus fertilizer and 108kg/hm ² of nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer at one time before corn sowing, apply nitrogen fertilizer 180kg/hm ² when corn grows to the bell mouth stage, and apply nitrogen fertilizer 72kg/hm again when corn grows to the filling stage ² . 4. a kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and in urea, N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O ratio is 46:0:0, The phosphate fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate, and the ratio of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O in the diammonium phosphate is 18:46:0. 5. A kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described land preparation needs rotary plowing and fine harrowing, and then uses ridge machine to ridge and complete the ridge, the width of ridge bottom is 60cm, and the width of ridge edge is 40cm , the height of the ridge is 40cm, the distance between the two ridges is 4.8m, and the planting plot is formed between the two ridges. Each planting plot has three rows of wheat and one row of corn, and the width between wheat and corn is 1.6m. 6. A wheat intercropping and corn planting method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the wheat is sown in a drill manner, the sowing density is 6.75 million grains/hm ² , and the sowing rate is 675-750kg/ hm ² ; the sowing density of corn is 82500 plants/hm ² . 7. A kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, irrigation adopts the mode of uniform irrigation, wherein the cultivated land is stored in winter before the soil of last year's cultivated land is frozen. The amount of water is 1200m ³ /hm ² , at the wheat jointing stage, wheat booting stage and grain filling stage, watering 750m ³ /hm ² , 900m ³ /hm ² and 750m ³ /hm ² respectively; Watering 750m ³ /hm ² , 900m ³ /hm ² , 750m ³ /hm ² , 900m ³ /hm ² , 750m ³ /hm ² and 750m ³ /hm 2 at the big bell mouth stage, silking stage, initial grouting stage and grouting stage respectively ² . 8. A method for planting wheat intercropping corn according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 1, the variety of wheat seeds used when sowing wheat on cultivated land around March 10-20 of that year is Ningchun No. 2; in step 1, the variety of corn seeds used for intercropping on arable land from April 10 to 20 of that year was Xianyu 335. 9. A wheat intercropping and corn planting method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: the wheat is seed-dressed with mancozeb, and the corn is seed-dressed with 20 mg/kg PP ₃₃₃ . 10. A kind of wheat intercropping corn planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step 1, between July 10-20, use 1.8% abamectin 2000 times liquid, every 7 - Spray the corn once every 10 days.