CN109496664A - A kind of interplanting method of mango and upland rice - Google Patents

A kind of interplanting method of mango and upland rice Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109496664A
CN109496664A CN201811577853.6A CN201811577853A CN109496664A CN 109496664 A CN109496664 A CN 109496664A CN 201811577853 A CN201811577853 A CN 201811577853A CN 109496664 A CN109496664 A CN 109496664A
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mango
upland rice
rice
fertilizer
upland
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张正学
刘清国
卢加举
朱文华
贺尔奇
李向勇
刘荣
何凤平
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GUIZHOU SUBTROPICAL CROP INSTITUTE
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, the interplanting method of especially a kind of mango and upland rice, including following procedure: (1) mango is planted: contour band-like excavation plantation hole surrounded by mountains, plantation hole 70cm × 70cm × 70cm, seeding row spacing 3-4m × 4m, cheats basal dressing and water-retaining agent, backfill are stirred evenly with base manure and water-retaining agent, ridging be above the ground level 25cm field planting mango, 41-55 plants of mu kind mango;(2) upland rice is planted: mid-March or the last ten-days period, in mango in the ranks plot ploughed deeply, shine soil, it is thin turn up soil, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, with seeding row spacing 15cm × 30cm program request seed rice, every cave is sowed seeds 7-10, mu sowing quantity 1.5-2kg;(3) field management;(4) it harvests.The present invention in mango interplants upland rice, can not only improve the utilization rate in soil, reduces the management cost that mango plants early period, increases the income of orchard worker;Mango can also be promoted to grow, be conducive to it and shift to an earlier date fruiting.

Description

A kind of interplanting method of mango and upland rice
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, the interplanting method of especially a kind of mango and upland rice.
Background technique
Guizhou is one of nine hot-zones in China, belongs to typical subtropical zone and moistens monsoon climate, is suitable for Growth of Mango;Entirely It saves mango cultivated area and has reached more than 60,000 mus, be mainly distributed on the low-heat such as north south Pan Jiang, Korean pine bark rot river valley xerocline mountainous region, High yield period per mu yield reaches 1000kg or more, and per mu yield value is that these regions are shaken off poverty one of the pillar industry assaulted fortified position at 4000 yuan or more. Mango plants early period, and tree body is small, and fruiting is few, there is no economic benefit;And the seeding row spacing of mango is big, land utilization ratio Low, maintenance cost is high.
Upland rice, also referred to as dryland rice, by natural precipitation or it is a small amount of irrigate, can normal growth, have it is drought-enduring, water-saving, adapt to it is strong The characteristics of, it is a kind of characteristic cereal crops of the low river valley hot-zone in Guizhou, main plantation is mountain area and minority in dry land, arid hillside field The main source of ethnic mimority area flour and rice.Upland rice growth ability is strong, can inhibit the growth of weeds in field, can interplant with other plant, Its management cost is reduced, but is there is no at present by the correlative study of upland rice and mango interplanting.
Summary of the invention:
In order to solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art, researcher of the present invention passes through the experimental study of many years, The interplanting method of a kind of mango and upland rice is proposed, is realized particular by following technical scheme:
A kind of interplanting method of mango and upland rice, comprising the following steps:
(1) mango is planted: contour band-like excavation plantation hole surrounded by mountains, plantation hole 70cm × 70cm × 70cm, seeding row spacing 3-4m × 4m cheats basal dressing, and backfill stirs evenly with base manure, and the ridging 25cm that is above the ground level is colonized mango, mu kind mango 41-55 Strain;
(2) upland rice is planted: mid-March or the last ten-days period, in mango in the ranks plot ploughed deeply, shine soil, it is thin turn up soil, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, With seeding row spacing 15cm × 30cm program request seed rice, every cave is sowed seeds 7-10, mu sowing quantity 1.5-2kg;
(3) field management: mango conventionally pruned in growth cycle, top dressing, watering, pest and disease damage are anti- It controls;Upland rice carried out in growth cycle thinning fill the gaps with seedlings, intertill, weeding, top dressing, watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(4) it harvests: harvesting upland rice at the beginning of late September or 10 months.
Preferably, the step (1), the gradient on mountain is at 25 degree or less.
Preferably, the step (1), base manure are farmyard manure and water-retaining agent, and farmyard manure 10-20kg, water-retaining agent are applied in every hole 30-50g。
Preferably, the step (2), base fertilizer are farmyard manure and compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, and mu applies farmyard manure 800-1000kg, nitrogen Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer 40-60kg.
Preferably, the step (3), upland rice top dressing in three times, for the first time in tillering stage, mu 8-12kg urea, rain After spread fertilizer over the fields;Second before the ear differentiation of tiller later period, mu 8-12kg urea and 20-24kg compound fertilizer, spreads fertilizer over the fields after rain;Third It is secondary at heading stage, mu 20-24kg compound fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields after rain.
Preferably, the step (3), upland rice weeding point 2 times carry out for the first time after weeding for the first time at tillering stage Top dressing;For the second time before the ear differentiation of tiller later period, second of top dressing of cooperation is carried out.
Preferably, the step (3), upland rice thinning, which is filled the gaps with seedlings, to select to adopt at cloudy day or rainy day in 21 heart of leaf of upland rice seedling With move it is close mend dilute method, remove extra seedling, make up and be short of seedling, to ensure full stand.
Preferably, the step (3), the pest control method of upland rice are as follows: rice blast 20% tricyclazole or 30% 1000~1500 times of liquid of Isoprothiolane are prevented and treated by spraying ,+70% methyl Tobe of 5% jinggangmeisu of banded sclerotial blight or 5% jinggangmeisu 800~1000 times of liquid of saliva are prevented and treated by spraying, and insect pest is prevented and treated by spraying with 800~1000 times of liquid that 10% Imidacloprid+25% matches piperazine ketone Or 1000~1500 times of liquid of+1.8% avermectin of 25% dimehypo are prevented and treated by spraying.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
By mango and upland rice interplanting, the cultivation of upland rice provides fertilizing for mango saplings, loosens the soil, removes weeds etc., So that mango has also been obtained Soil and fertilizer management, reduce mango field management cost, not only ensure that the normal growth of mango, but also effectively Using mango hayashishita free area, land resources science rate is improved, is planted before mango high yield by winterbourne, increases garden Ground benefit achievees the purpose that raise short-long.
Upland rice growth period such as need to be applied fertilizer, be loosened the soil at the field management, increase the comprehensive fertility on mango ground, mango is long Gesture is better than the soil that do not interplant, and is conducive to mango and shifts to an earlier date fruiting.The interplanting of upland rice can also inhibit weed growth, reduce weeding time Number reduces production cost, and rice straw also, can be with fertilizing soil after rice harvest.
The interplanting method of mango provided by the invention and upland rice, improves land utilization ratio, increases grain yield, both solved It has determined food problem, and has increased field income.
Specific embodiment:
It is limited below with reference to specific embodiment technical solution of the present invention is further, but claimed Range is not only limited to made description.
Embodiment 1
The interplanting of mango and upland rice:
(1) mango plantation and management: selecting 25 ° of mountainous regions below of the gradient is planting site, contour band-like excavation plantation surrounded by mountains Hole, plantation hole 70cm × 70cm × 70cm, seeding row spacing 3m × 4m, farmyard manure 10kg, water-retaining agent 30g, backfill and agriculture are applied in every hole Family fertilizer, water-retaining agent stir evenly, ridging be above the ground level 25cm field planting mango, 55 plants of mu kind mango, kind be the main cultivation in hot-zone Kind platform agriculture 1 is watered with root water after plant, overlay film is retained, after Survival rate of nursery stock, conventionally pruned to treelet, Weeding, top dressing, watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(2) upland rice plantation and management:
A, site preparation: mid-March or the last ten-days period, in mango in the ranks plot ploughed deeply, shine soil, it is thin turn up soil, planted according to mango The specification of seeding row spacing 3m × 4m is leveled land in strain, in the ranks with the distance of interval sapling root 1m, does not have to ridging, to reduce water Soil flow is lost;
B, sow: after site preparation, mu applies farmyard manure 800kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40kg, then with seeding row spacing 15cm × 30cm program request seed rice, every nest are sowed seeds 7-8, mu sowing quantity 1.5kg;
C, top dressing: in three times, for the first time at tillering stage, mu 8kg urea is spread fertilizer over the fields after rain for top dressing;Second in tiller Before later period ear differentiation, mu 8kg urea and 20kg compound fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields after rain;For third time at heading stage, mu mu is multiple with 20kg Hefei is spread fertilizer over the fields after rain;
D, thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings: selection is in cloudy day or rainy day, in 21 heart of leaf, using move it is close mend dilute method, remove extra seedling, It makes up and is short of seedling, to ensure full stand;
C, weeding: every season upland rice weeding 2 times carries out first time topdressing after tillering stage, weeding for the first time;Dividing for the second time Before the ear differentiation of tiller later period, second of top dressing of cooperation is carried out;
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the disease of upland rice mainly has rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, 20% tricyclazole of rice blast or 30% rice 1000~1500 times of liquid of pest spirit are prevented and treated by spraying ,+70% thiophanate methyl of 5% jinggangmeisu of banded sclerotial blight or 5% jinggangmeisu 800~1000 times of liquid prevent and treat by spraying;Insect pest mainly has rice borer, planthopper, rice leaf roll snout moth's larva, is matched with 10% Imidacloprid+25% 800~1000 times of liquid of piperazine ketone are prevented and treated by spraying or 1000~1500 times of liquid of+1.8% avermectin of 25% dimehypo are prevented by spraying It controls;
F, harvest: at the beginning of late September or 10 months, spike of rice formalness is formed, and grain is all hardened, and lower Huang is done on cob, is had 70% stalk has dried up, and indicates that upland rice is mature, robs fine day harvest in time.
Embodiment 2
The interplanting of mango and upland rice:
(1) mango plantation and management: selecting 25 ° of mountainous regions below of the gradient is planting site, contour band-like excavation plantation surrounded by mountains Farmyard manure 14kg, water-retaining agent 40g are applied in hole, plantation hole 70cm × 70cm × 70cm, seeding row spacing 3.5m × 4m, every hole, backfill with Farmyard manure, water-retaining agent stir evenly, ridging be above the ground level 25cm field planting mango, 47 plants of mu kind mango, kind be hot-zone master Kind platform agriculture 1 is planted, root water is watered with after plant, overlay film is retained, and after Survival rate of nursery stock, is conventionally repaired to treelet Branch, weeding, top dressing, watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(2) upland rice plantation and management:
A, site preparation: mid-March or the last ten-days period, in mango in the ranks plot ploughed deeply, shine soil, it is thin turn up soil, planted according to mango The specification of seeding row spacing 3.5m × 4m is leveled land in strain, in the ranks with the distance of interval sapling root 1m, does not have to ridging, to reduce Soil erosion;
B, sow: after site preparation, mu applies farmyard manure 900kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 50kg, then with seeding row spacing 15cm × 30cm program request seed rice, every nest are sowed seeds 8-9, mu sowing quantity 2.1kg;
C, top dressing: in three times, for the first time at tillering stage, mu 10kg urea is spread fertilizer over the fields after rain for top dressing;Second in tiller Before later period ear differentiation, mu 10kg urea and 22kg compound fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields after rain;Third time is at heading stage, and mu is with mu 21kg Compound fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields after rain;
D, thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings: selection is in cloudy day or rainy day, in 21 heart of leaf, using move it is close mend dilute method, remove extra seedling, It makes up and is short of seedling, to ensure full stand;
C, weeding: every season upland rice weeding 2 times carries out first time topdressing after tillering stage, weeding for the first time;Dividing for the second time Before the ear differentiation of tiller later period, second of top dressing of cooperation is carried out;
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the disease of upland rice mainly has rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, 20% tricyclazole of rice blast or 30% rice 1000~1500 times of liquid of pest spirit are prevented and treated by spraying ,+70% thiophanate methyl of 5% jinggangmeisu of banded sclerotial blight or 5% jinggangmeisu 800~1000 times of liquid prevent and treat by spraying;Insect pest mainly has rice borer, planthopper, rice leaf roll snout moth's larva, is matched with 10% Imidacloprid+25% 800~1000 times of liquid of piperazine ketone are prevented and treated by spraying or 1000~1500 times of liquid of+1.8% avermectin of 25% dimehypo are prevented by spraying It controls;
F, harvest: at the beginning of late September or 10 months, spike of rice formalness is formed, and grain is all hardened, and lower Huang is done on cob, There is 70% stalk to dry up, indicate that upland rice is mature, robs fine day harvest in time.
Embodiment 3
The interplanting of mango and upland rice:
(1) mango plantation and management: selecting 25 ° of mountainous regions below of the gradient is planting site, contour band-like excavation plantation surrounded by mountains Hole, plantation hole 70cm × 70cm × 70cm, seeding row spacing 4m × 4m, farmyard manure 20kg, water-retaining agent 50g, backfill and agriculture are applied in every hole Family fertilizer, water-retaining agent stir evenly, ridging be above the ground level 25cm field planting mango, 41 plants of mu kind mango, kind be the main cultivation in hot-zone Kind platform agriculture 1 is watered with root water after plant, overlay film is retained, after Survival rate of nursery stock, conventionally pruned to treelet, Weeding, top dressing, watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(2) upland rice plantation and management:
A, site preparation: mid-March or the last ten-days period, in mango in the ranks plot ploughed deeply, shine soil, it is thin turn up soil, planted according to mango The specification of seeding row spacing 4m × 4m is leveled land in strain, in the ranks with the distance of interval sapling root 1m, does not have to ridging, to reduce water Soil flow is lost;
B, sow: after site preparation, mu applies farmyard manure 1000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 60kg, then with seeding row spacing 15cm × 30cm program request seed rice, every nest are sowed seeds 9-10, mu sowing quantity 2.5kg;
C, top dressing: in three times, for the first time at tillering stage, mu 12kg urea is spread fertilizer over the fields after rain for top dressing;Second in tiller Before later period ear differentiation, mu 12kg urea and 24kg compound fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields after rain;Third time is at heading stage, and mu is with mu 24kg Compound fertilizer spreads fertilizer over the fields after rain;
D, thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings: selection is in cloudy day or rainy day, in 21 heart of leaf, using move it is close mend dilute method, remove extra seedling, It makes up and is short of seedling, to ensure full stand;
C, weeding: every season upland rice weeding 2 times carries out first time topdressing after tillering stage, weeding for the first time;Dividing for the second time Before the ear differentiation of tiller later period, second of top dressing of cooperation is carried out;
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the disease of upland rice mainly has rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, 20% tricyclazole of rice blast or 30% rice 1000~1500 times of liquid of pest spirit are prevented and treated by spraying ,+70% thiophanate methyl of 5% jinggangmeisu of banded sclerotial blight or 5% jinggangmeisu 800~1000 times of liquid prevent and treat by spraying;Insect pest mainly has rice borer, planthopper, rice leaf roll snout moth's larva, is matched with 10% Imidacloprid+25% 800~1000 times of liquid of piperazine ketone are prevented and treated by spraying or 1000~1500 times of liquid of+1.8% avermectin of 25% dimehypo are prevented by spraying It controls;
F, harvest: at the beginning of late September or 10 months, spike of rice formalness is formed, and grain is all hardened, and lower Huang is done on cob, There is 70% stalk to dry up, indicate that upland rice is mature, robs fine day harvest in time.
Control group 1
25 ° of mountainous regions below of the gradient are selected, conventionally plants, manage mango, kind is hot-zone main breed platform Agriculture 1, do not interplant upland rice.
Control group 2
25 ° of mountainous regions below of the gradient are selected, conventionally plants, manage upland rice, do not interplant mango.
Statistics Implementation example 1-3 and control group 1,2 are between 2015-2018 in the test effect of the low river valley hot-zone in Guizhou, knot Fruit is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
As seen from the table, mango and upland rice are interplanted, are beneficial to the growth of mango, it can be promoted to shift to an earlier date fruiting, And it is able to maintain higher upland rice yield.
It is important to point out that, above embodiments and test example are only limitted to do further technical solution of the present invention herein Elaboration and understanding, should not be understood as it is further to technical solution of the present invention limited, what those skilled in the art made The innovation and creation of non-protruding essential characteristics and marked improvement still fall within protection category of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. the interplanting method of a kind of mango and upland rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mango is planted: contour band-like excavation plantation hole surrounded by mountains, plantation hole 70cm × 70cm × 70cm, seeding row spacing 3-4m × 4m, Hole basal dressing and water-retaining agent, backfill stirred evenly with base manure and water-retaining agent, ridging be above the ground level 25cm be colonized mango, mu kind 41-55 plants of mango;
(2) upland rice is planted: mid-March or the last ten-days period, in mango in the ranks plot ploughed deeply, shine soil, it is thin turn up soil, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, with strain Line-spacing 15cm × 30cm program request seed rice, every cave are sowed seeds 7-10, mu sowing quantity 1.5-2kg;
(3) field management: mango conventionally pruned in growth cycle, weeding, top dressing, watering, pest and disease damage are anti- It controls;Upland rice carried out in growth cycle thinning fill the gaps with seedlings, intertill, weeding, top dressing, watering, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control;
(4) it harvests: harvesting upland rice at the beginning of late September or 10 months.
2. the interplanting method of mango as described in claim 1 and upland rice, which is characterized in that the step (1), the gradient on mountain At 25 degree or less.
3. the interplanting method of mango as described in claim 1 and upland rice, which is characterized in that the step (1), base manure is agriculture Family's fertilizer, farmyard manure 10-20kg, water-retaining agent 30-50g are applied in every hole.
4. the interplanting method of mango as described in claim 1 and upland rice, which is characterized in that the step (2), base fertilizer is agriculture Family's fertilizer and compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, mu apply farmyard manure 800-1000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40-60kg.
5. the interplanting method of mango as described in claim 1 and upland rice, which is characterized in that the step (3), upland rice top dressing In three times, for the first time in tillering stage, mu 8-12kg urea is spread fertilizer over the fields after rain;For the second time before the ear differentiation of tiller later period, mu is used 8-12kg urea and 20-24kg compound fertilizer spread fertilizer over the fields after rain;Third time is at heading stage, mu 20-24kg compound fertilizer, spreads fertilizer over the fields after rain.
6. the interplanting method of mango as described in claim 1 and upland rice, which is characterized in that the step (3), upland rice weeding Divide 2 times, for the first time at tillering stage, first time topdressing is carried out after weeding;Second before the ear differentiation of tiller later period, cooperation the Secondary top dressing carries out.
7. the interplanting method of mango as described in claim 1 and upland rice, which is characterized in that the step (3), upland rice thinning Selection fill the gaps with seedlings in cloudy day or rainy day, in 21 heart of leaf of upland rice seedling, using move it is close mend dilute method, remove extra seedling, make up and be short of seedling, To ensure full stand.
8. the interplanting method of mango as described in claim 1 and upland rice, which is characterized in that the step (3), the disease of upland rice Pest control method are as follows: 1000~1500 times of liquid of 20% tricyclazole of rice blast or 30% Isoprothiolane are prevented and treated by spraying, banded sclerotial blight It is prevented and treated by spraying with 800~1000 times of liquid of+70% thiophanate methyl of 5% jinggangmeisu or 5% jinggangmeisu, 10% pyrrole of insect pest Worm spirit+25% match piperazine ketone 800~1000 times of liquid prevent and treat by spraying or+1.8% avermectin of 25% dimehypo 1000~1500 Times liquid is prevented and treated by spraying.
CN201811577853.6A 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 A kind of interplanting method of mango and upland rice Pending CN109496664A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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