CN108293478A - One kind being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method - Google Patents
One kind being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening the invention discloses one kind and disleave method, step are followed successively by：Selection of land and site preparation, basal dressing, seed treatment, sowing and laying droping irrigating pipe, field management, in due courseization control is accelerated the ripening and in due course disleave, it is of the present invention to use chemical ripening and disleave method, including used medicament, mix proportion scheme, dispenser dosage, Dressing date, application times, pass through cotton field measuring, compared with non-Bt cotton implantation methods, it is accelerated the ripening and disleave method using in due courseization of the present invention control, effectively extend the Growth of Cotton Boll phase, cotton boll is set to concentrate blow-of-cottons, shorten the cotton boll term of opening bolls, and make defoliating cotton plants before mechanized harvesting, convenient for mechanized harvesting, improve the quality and yield of commodity cotton, it dramatically saves artificial input and reduces operating cost, increase the economic benefit of Cotton Production.In addition, the cotton plant after disleave can be used as feed, the utilization rate of agricultural crop straw is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop cultivation methods, and in particular to one kind being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening
And disleave method, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Cotton is the main industrial crops in China and light and textile industries' raw material.In recent years, in relation to the unremitting of researcher
Under effort, a whole set of planting technology and method in northern arid salt-soda soil plant cotton are explored.And it is increasingly becoming local agriculture
The pillar industry of village's economic development and the main source of farmer richness.The fast development of Cotton Industry optimizes rural industries knot
Structure extends industry chain (supply chain), promotes the development of regional economy, increases farmers' income, accelerates paces of shaking off poverty and setting out on the road to prosperity.Cause
This, DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON production is important one of the approach of dry area in north china farmers' income.
Constantly accelerate, under the background that a large amount of rural laborers shift to city in current city process, plant cotton compared with
Other field crops are more time-consuming.Having become, which influences Cotton in China production, stablizes factor more and more outstanding, DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON
The demand of labor shortage is more and more urgent during production mechanization, solution Cotton Production.
The rain heat same period in northwest China arid-desert areas, the clear and crisp days of autumn, soil richness potassium have the ecology of production high quality cotton
The suitable planting cotton area of the provinces and regions such as condition, especially West Inner Mongolia, Ningxia northwest, West Part of Gansu, sunlight-heat reaources are abundant,
It is suitble to cotton growth, by as national standby cotton region.But the area is typical continent type weather, and dust storm is big, drought, sunshine
Sufficient, saline Land, evaporation capacity are big.Cotton region frost-free period is short, drought, there are temperature early period it is low can cause low temperature freezing-disaster,
Later stage mercury dropped is fast and cotton boll is prevented to meet with low temperature cold rain, sandstorm from normal mature, especially early spring, seriously affects cotton boll
Full stand and growth and development.During promoting cotton harvesting machinery, problems with is encountered：First, the Growth of Cotton Boll phase is shorter.
Second is that cotton boll blooming cycle is long, blow-of-cottons are not concentrated.Third, it is miscellaneous to increase containing for commodity cotton by mechanized harvesting for band leaf cotton
Rate.These problems cause cotton quality, yield and economic benefit to decline, and restrict arid-desert areas cotton planting industry industrialization
Development.So realizing full stand early hair and the disleave before mechanical harvesting of local area cotton plant, it can not only extend the growth of cotton
Phase improves output of cotton, improves the net picking rate of machine pick cotton, reduce the percentage of impurity of unginned cotton, and can reduce cotton-wool dyeing pollution,
Cotton is promoted to concentrate blow-of-cottons.
Invention content
Purpose of the present invention is to using appliable plant growth regulatory substance as means, in conjunction with artificial and mechanical integrated tillage control measure,
Regulating crop growth is developed, and coordinates nutrition and reproductive growth relationship, it is made to change towards direction expected from people and degree
Technology.It solves in cotton intensive manufacture, promote cotton boll precocious and well done under the premise of ensureing yield and quality and carries
High mechanization cotton harvesting net picking rate provides a kind of suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method.
The present invention realizes in the following way：
One kind being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, including meticulous selection of land, site preparation early period, selection
Adapted varieties, seed treatment, mulch sowing, field management, in due courseization control, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, in due course disleave.It is characterized in that：
The core of the technology is cotton film-covering sowing, trickle irrigation and fertilising, broadcast after early put seedling, seedling stage frequently intertillage, in due courseization controlled and accelerate the ripening and fit
When disleave handle, make cotton emergence the date and growth period shift to an earlier date, seedlings are uniform and strong, and cotton boll precocity is well done, shorten the cotton boll term of opening bolls, and
So that cotton plant cotton boll is concentrated blow-of-cottons, is convenient for do mechanization operation, reduces production cost, improve planting benefit.
It is described a kind of suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, using following technical scheme：
Step 1：Plot selects：Selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep sandy loam or loam, slight alkaline land, plot collection
In, it is convenient for do mechanization operation.Preceding stubble is advisable with wheat, corn etc..
Step 2：Site preparation and fertilising：Winter carries out deep ploughing and turns over, and ploughing depth is advisable with 25~30cm.Also can prior to seeding into
Row is ploughed deeply.In the suitable cultivated phase, after ploughing mellow soil, rake a kind of farm tools is smooth, topsoil soils should reach broken Horizon, soil, moisture in the soil foot, without stubble sundries,
Defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower standard.It carries out autumn organic fertilizer, winter remittance ground, early spring top Ling Geng a kind of farm tools with having the combinable autumn ploughing of irrigation conditions, promotees
Into soil-ripening, ground temperature is improved, eliminates disease pest weeds.
Base fertilizer is used sufficient in conjunction with spring site preparation, base manure should coordinate a small amount of chemical fertilizer based on decomposed manure.General organic fertilizer
45,000kg/hm2~60,000kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300.0kg/hm2~450.0kg/hm2, urea 75kg/hm2~
150kg/hm2, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 75.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm2.Using the specific requirement of fertilizer with reference to NY/T 496
It is executed with the regulation of GB 6274.
Step 3：Chemistry is hoed up weeds before broadcasting：After pre-sowing water fills, per hm before broadcasting2Spray 48% butralin missible oil 2,250ml~
3,750ml (or 48% trifluralin ec 1,500ml~1,800ml or 33% pendimethalin missible oil 2250ml~3000ml) prevent
Only Weed infestation reduces artificial weeding number.The application method of medicament is with safety with reference to the regulation of GB/T 8321 and GB 4285
It executes.
Step 4：Seed selects and processing：
A. selection is by authorization, and by local experiment, demonstration, performance is high-quality, high yield, stable yields, resistance are strong, suitable for locality
The precocity or Early maturity cotton variety of plantation；
B. seed treatment：Select regular production, maturity is good, germinating energy is strong, germination percentage is high, without disease pest infringement kind
Son, it is necessary to be by lint, the seed being coated.Cotton seeds quality should meet the regulation of GB 4407.1, seed lint reference
The regulation of NY 400 executes；
D. mulch selects：Select thickness not less than 0.008mm, width 2050mm white agricultural mulchings, ground film quality should accord with
Close the regulation of GB 13735；
E. drip irrigation zone selects：Selection water dropper internally-inlaid drip irrigation zone, water dropper water yield 1.3-1.8L/H, water dropper distance 30~
40cm, operating pressure 0.1Mpa, drip irrigation zone quality should meet the regulation of QB/T 2517.
Step 5：Mulch sowing：
Selection can once complete overlay film, spread drip irrigation pipe, apply seed manure, sowing and earthing operation cotton precision sowing machine.It broadcasts
Kind is confidential to be debugged in place by all technical, to be installed and is laid with trickle irrigation pipe device, reach safe handling state.Seeder matter
Regulation of the amount with safe handling with reference to NY/T 1143 and GB 16151.9 executes.
A. it begins sowing in good time：Suitable date of seeding, late-maturing product are determined according to the length in cotton variety growth period and local frost-free period
The appropriate early sowing of kind, early-maturing variety appropriate evening are broadcast, and frost damage is avoided.It can be covered when continuous 5 days stabilizations of 5cm ground temperature pass through 12 DEG C
Film is sowed, and is the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May suitable for the sowing time；
B. depth of planting：Depending on depth of planting is because of weather, edaphic condition, general depth of planting is 3cm；
C. seeding method：Rational close planting uses line-spacing for (66+10) cm cropping patterns, 270,000 plants/hm of thickness of sowing2, real
22.5 ten thousand plants/hm of border density2More than, drip irrigation pipe (band) is laid in the ranks；
D. appropriate sowing：Essence amount or semi-accuracy seeding amount are 30.0kg/hm2~60.0kg/hm2。
Step 6：Field management：
A. early to put seedling：Seedling is after planting looked into time, and the disconnected ridge cotton field that is seriously short of seedling takes vernalization to reseed in time.After emergence, group
Leaf is green by xanthochromia, and fine day puts seedling grave mound in time, prevents scald seedling and crop smothering from occurring, and meets rain and abolishes knotts clay in time；
B. early final singling：Cotton seedling carries out thinning early after all sprouting, go it is weak stay it is strong.Seedling is stayed in final singling when 3~4 true leaves, final singling
Mode is by the way of staying single plant per cave；
C. water and fertilizer management：Seedling stage cotton not water shortage substantially, based on crouching.Combinableization is controlled, and foliage-spray di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is carried out
Hydrogen potassium (7,500g/hm2) etc. foliar fertilizers, promote seedling early send out, strengthen without prosperous.Mid or late June, into flower bud phase, start to pour water for the 1st time and
Top dressing, the amount of dripping 300ml/hm2~600ml/hm2, impose urea 75kg/hm2.Using the specific requirement of fertilizer with reference to NY/T
The regulation of 496 and GB 6274 executes.Seedling stage need to be in conjunction with top dressing be irrigated, and top dressing generally uses differential fertilizer irrigation method, fertilizer to answer
It is soluble easily in water；
D. tillage and weeding：The intertillage number in seedling stage wants adaptation to local conditions, general 2 times~3 times, accomplish it is hardened, have grass that must plough,
Keep loosing soil.The 1st intertillage, depth 2cm~3cm, up to 14cm~16cm before buddingging are carried out when coming up.Emphasis
It is chesson, improves ground temperature, receives rainwater, promote nutrient to decompose rapidly, promote well developed root system, eliminates weeds.2nd intertillage
Urea 75kg/hm is applied when weeding2, carried out as the high 20cm~30cm of cotton seedling plant, promotion cane is sturdy, growing way is healthy and strong.
It is advantageous to increase photosynthesis, manufacture more nutriments.By mechanical tillage and weeding or chemical weed control can be carried out between film, also may be used
It is combined with chemical weed control with machinery intertillage；
E. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：One's respective area seedling stage diseases and pests occur less, and capsuled seed is enough to prevent subterranean pest-insect and seedling stage disease
Evil.Combinableization control spraying fungicide and insecticide, prevent pest and disease damage.The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control can refer to the regulation of DB 37/T 159
It executes, application method and the safety of medicament can refer to the regulation execution of GB/T 8321 and GB 4285.
Step 7：In due courseization control is accelerated the ripening：Adhere to that promoting control combines, because of the principle of seedling regulation and control and " early, light, diligent ", promotes Levant Cotton Root
System is lower to prick, and reduces fruit branch beginning section.It when cotton plant enters flowering and boll-setting period, pinches to cotton plant, after pinching 6 days, contracting is sprayed to cotton plant
Save amine.Changing the processing of control best results is：
1st change control：It is carried out in 4 leaf of seedling stage, 1 heart, sprays mepiquat chloride to cotton plant, the amount of spraying is 3.0g/hm2~6.0g/
hm2。
2nd change control：When 6 leaf of cotton plant~7 leaf, i.e. squaring period carries out, and sprays mepiquat chloride to cotton plant, the amount of spraying is
15.0g/hm2~30.0g/hm2。
3rd change control, carries out in flowering and boll-setting period, and the amount of spraying is 30.0g/hm2~45.0g/hm2.In cotton plant initial bloom stage, spray
Chinese mugwort fluorine enlightening is applied, Chinese mugwort fluorine enlightening is 600ml/hm suitable for the amount of spraying2, after topping, the amount of spraying 1,050ml/hm2, change control best results,
Yield highest.
Step 8：In due course disleave:
A. defoliant selects：It selects 50% Thidiazuron wettable powder or 54% de- spits grand wettable powder；
B. dosage and proportioning：50% Thidiazuron wettable powder 600g/hm2~1350g/hm2With 40% ethephon agent 2,
250ml/hm2~3.000ml hm2Mixing application 54% de- spits grand wettable powder 135ml/hm2~150ml/hm2With
40% ethephon agent 1,200ml/hm2~1,800ml/hm2Mixing application, per hm2Water consumption 450L~750L.Medicament makes
Regulation with method with safety with reference to GB/T 8321 and GB 4285 executes；
C. the disleave time：When cotton boll blowing rate reaches 30%, you can start to spray；When reaching 40%~60%, effect
More preferably, it is generally sprayed within 10 days or so in September.It spraying rear temperature and stablizes maintenance 3d~5d, it is desirable that daily minimal tcmperature answers >=12.5 DEG C,
Daily mean temperature>18℃；
D. liquid volume：When mechanical dispenser, per hm2Water consumption 450L~750L, full field even spraying；
E. dispenser requirement：When dispenser, even spraying is carried out to the blade of inner peripheral up and down of cotton plant.If 2h~4h after dispenser
It is interior to rain, it to fill spray again.The partially prosperous cotton field of, growing way larger for density should suitably increase defoliant dosage, and using twice
Spray promotes leaf abscission, prevents blade " dry without falling ".
One kind of the present invention being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, mainly in existing conventional cultivation
On the basis of training technical approach, it is combined using mechanical engineering and bioengineering, using plant growth regulating substance as means, in conjunction with
Artificial and mechanical cultivation aggregate measures, regulating crop growth development, coordinate nutrition and reproductive growth relationship, keep it pre- towards people
The direction of phase and the changed technology of degree.The growth for effectively accelerating cotton achievees the effect that improve soil fertilizer and water condition.
The committed step of this programme be the to accelerate the ripening selection of defoliant, defoliant dosage of accelerating the ripening, spray date, spray is equal
Even property and Cotton Maturity.If without the proper use of standard criterion of defoliant, it is easy to run counter to desire, increase the defoliant that accelerates the ripening
Negative effect, if spraying time is too early, the defoliation effect that accelerates the ripening is preferable, but larger to bell weight and qualitative effects；Spraying time too late,
It is smaller to bell weight and qualitative effects, but the defoliation effect that accelerates the ripening is poor.
Cotton disleave technology of accelerating the ripening is the premise realized a key technology for adopting of cotton machine and carry out machine and adopted, and is a skill
Art and timeliness require all very strong work, are related to quality, yield and the economic benefit of entire machine pick cotton, therefore, specification
Disleave technology of accelerating the ripening be cotton mechanization harvesting technique important component.
Influence accelerate the ripening defoliation effect factor be mainly select defoliant performance of accelerating the ripening it is poor；Defoliant dosage is relatively low；
Defoliant spray rear temperature it is relatively low or meet the rainy day；Defoliant is sprayed in strong wind or burning sun day；Cotton density is too big, growing way is excessively prosperous；
It is serious that cotton falls shape；Tractor gap it is low or nearside divider divides standing grain effect poor, cotton is overwhelmed；Spraying machine poor performance is inadaptable,
Cotton is uneven etc. by medicine.Therefore, this programme from the selection of medicament, dosages distribution, dosage number, application time and secondary
Number etc. has done a large amount of experiment in detail, it is ensured that every core index reaches best.
The determination of scheme is equal in the selection for determining the defoliant that accelerates the ripening, defoliant dosage of accelerating the ripening, spray date, spray
Under the indexs such as even property and Cotton Maturity, different agents dosage in the experiment of comprehensive analysis items, administration time is to cotton agronomy
The conclusion that the influence of shape, unginned cotton and lint yield, cotton fiber quality etc. obtains.
Cultural method of the present invention is compared with existing conventional cultivation technology and has the advantages that：
(1) cultural method using the present invention has the growth period for extending cotton boll, shortens the cotton boll term of opening bolls, and make cotton boll
Blow-of-cottons are concentrated, and mechanized harvesting cotton boll and cotton are convenient for.
(2) its blow-of-cottons rate, ginning outturn, gined cotton per mu yield, the equal highest of unginned cotton per mu yield, respectively 99.64%, 41%, 123.02kg,
299.10kg, and effectively grab farming season.
(3) studies have shown that the technology of the application present invention, creates favorable conditions for cotton harvesting machinery harvest, not only make cotton
The harvest yield of field yield reaches 80%~90%, and cotton net picking rate reaches 90%, when improving commodity rate, and shortening harvest
Between, it improves working conditions, improves production efficiency.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, and embodiment is to the present invention for example, simultaneously
It is not limitation of the present invention.
One kind being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, step are followed successively by：
Plot selects：Selection topography is flat, soil layer is deep sandy loam or loam, slight alkaline land, plot are concentrated, are convenient for
Do mechanization operation.
Site preparation and fertilising：Winter carries out deep ploughing and turns over, and ploughing depth is advisable with 25~30cm.Also depth can be carried out prior to seeding
It turns over.In the suitable cultivated phase, after ploughing mellow soil, rake a kind of farm tools is smooth, and topsoil soils should reach broken Horizon, soil, moisture in the soil foot, without stubble sundries, upper void
Lower real standard.It carries out autumn organic fertilizer, winter remittance ground, early spring top Ling Geng a kind of farm tools with having the combinable autumn ploughing of irrigation conditions, promotes soil
Earth cures, and improves ground temperature, eliminates disease pest weeds.
Base fertilizer is used sufficient in conjunction with spring site preparation, base manure should coordinate a small amount of chemical fertilizer based on decomposed manure.General organic fertilizer
45,000kg/hm2~60,000kg/hm2, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300.0kg/hm2~450.0kg/hm2, urea 75kg/hm2~
150kg/hm2, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 75.0kg/hm2~150.0kg/hm2。
Chemistry is hoed up weeds before broadcasting：After pre-sowing water fills, per hm before broadcasting2Spray 48% butralin missible oil 2,250ml~3,750ml
(or 48% trifluralin ec 1,500ml~1,800ml or 33% pendimethalin missible oil 2,250ml~3,000ml), prevents miscellaneous
Grass harm, reduces artificial weeding number.
Seed selects and processing：
A. selection is by authorization, and by local experiment, demonstration, performance is high-quality, high yield, stable yields, resistance are strong, suitable for locality
The precocity or Early maturity cotton variety of plantation；
B. seed treatment：Select regular production, maturity is good, germinating energy is strong, germination percentage is high, without disease pest infringement kind
Son, it is necessary to be by lint, the seed being coated；
D. mulch selects：Select thickness not less than 0.008mm, width 2050mm white agricultural mulchings；
E. drip irrigation zone selects：Selection water dropper internally-inlaid drip irrigation zone, water dropper water yield 1.3-1.8L/H, water dropper distance 30~
40cm, operating pressure 0.1Mpa.
Mulch sowing：
Selection can once complete overlay film, spread drip irrigation pipe, apply seed manure, sowing and earthing operation cotton precision sowing machine.
A. it begins sowing in good time：Suitable date of seeding, late-maturing product are determined according to the length in cotton variety growth period and local frost-free period
The appropriate early sowing of kind, early-maturing variety appropriate evening are broadcast, and frost damage is avoided.It can be covered when continuous 5 days stabilizations of 5cm ground temperature pass through 12 DEG C
Film is sowed, and is the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May suitable for the sowing time；
B. depth of planting：Depending on depth of planting is because of weather, edaphic condition, general depth of planting is 3cm；
C. seeding method：Rational close planting uses line-spacing for (66+10) cm cropping patterns, 270,000 plants/hm of thickness of sowing2, real
22.5 ten thousand plants/hm of border density2More than.Drip irrigation pipe (band) is laid among micro-ridge；
D. appropriate sowing：Essence amount or semi-accuracy seeding amount are 30.0kg/hm2~60.0kg/hm2。
Field management：
A. early to put seedling：Seedling is after planting looked into time, and the disconnected ridge cotton field that is seriously short of seedling takes vernalization to reseed in time.After emergence, group
Leaf is green by xanthochromia, and fine day puts seedling grave mound in time, prevents scald seedling and crop smothering from occurring.It meets rain and abolishes knotts clay in time；
B. early final singling：Cotton seedling carries out thinning early after all sprouting, go it is weak stay it is strong.Seedling is stayed in final singling when 3~4 true leaves, final singling
Mode is by the way of staying single plant per cave；
C. water and fertilizer management：Seedling stage cotton not water shortage substantially, based on crouching.Combinableization is controlled, and foliage-spray di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate is carried out
Hydrogen potassium (500g/667m2) etc. foliar fertilizers, promote seedling early send out, strengthen without prosperous.Mid or late June, into flower bud phase, start to pour water for the 1st time and
Top dressing, the amount of dripping 300ml/hm2~600ml/hm2, impose urea 75kg/hm2.Seedling stage need to be in conjunction with top dressing be irrigated, and top dressing is generally adopted
With differential fertilizer irrigation method, fertilizer is answered soluble easily in water；
D. tillage and weeding：The intertillage number in seedling stage wants adaptation to local conditions, general 2 times~3 times, accomplish it is hardened, have grass that must plough,
Keep loosing soil.The 1st intertillage, depth 2cm~3cm, up to 14cm~16cm before buddingging are carried out when coming up.2nd
Urea 75kg/hm is applied when secondary tillage and weeding2, it is carried out as the high 20cm~30cm of cotton seedling plant, it can be by machinery between film
Weeding carries out chemical weed control, mechanical can also intertill and is combined with chemical weed control；
E. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Combinableization control spraying fungicide and insecticide, prevent pest and disease damage.
In due courseization control is accelerated the ripening：It when cotton plant enters flowering and boll-setting period, pinches to cotton plant, after pinching 6 days, contracting is sprayed to cotton plant
Save amine.Changing the processing of control best results is：
1st change control：It is carried out in 4 leaf of seedling stage, 1 heart, sprays mepiquat chloride to cotton plant, the amount of spraying is 3.0g/hm2~6.0g/
hm2。
2nd change control：When 6 leaf of cotton plant~7 leaf, i.e. squaring period carries out, and sprays mepiquat chloride to cotton plant, the amount of spraying is
15.0g/hm2~30.0g/hm2。
3rd change control, carries out in flowering and boll-setting period, and the amount of spraying is 30.0g/hm2~45.0g/hm245.0g/hm2.Such as growing way
Prosperous cotton field is crossed, the mepiquat chloride amount of spraying can increase.In cotton plant initial bloom stage, Chinese mugwort fluorine enlightening is sprayed, Chinese mugwort fluorine enlightening is suitable for the amount of spraying
600ml/hm2, after topping, the amount of spraying 1,050ml/hm2。
In due course disleave:
A. defoliant selects：It selects 50% Thidiazuron wettable powder or 54% de- spits grand wettable powder；
B. dosage and proportioning：50% Thidiazuron wettable powder 600g/hm2~1,350g/hm2With 40% ethephon agent
2250ml/hm2~3,000ml/hm2Mixing application 54% de- spits grand wettable powder 135ml/hm2~150ml/hm2With
40% ethephon agent 1,200ml/hm2~1,800ml/hm2Mixing application, per hm2Water consumption 450L~750L.
C. the disleave time：When cotton boll blowing rate reaches 30%, you can start to spray；When reaching 40%~60%, effect
More preferably, it is generally sprayed within 10 days or so in September.It spraying rear temperature and stablizes maintenance 3d~5d, it is desirable that daily minimal tcmperature answers >=12.5 DEG C,
Daily mean temperature>18℃；
D. liquid volume：Mechanical dispenser, per hm2Water consumption 450L~750L, full field even spraying；
E. dispenser requirement：When laxative, even spraying is carried out to the blade of inner peripheral up and down of cotton plant.If 2h~4h after dispenser
It is interior to rain, it to fill spray again.The partially prosperous cotton field of, growing way larger for density should suitably increase defoliant dosage, and use 2 times
Spray promotes leaf abscission.
As seen from table, the present invention is a kind of being suitable for drought-hit area machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, is a set of be suitble in the north
The yield-increasing cultivation technology of desert arid salt-soda soil area plant cotton system, in Inner Mongol Alashan League cotton production areas practical application
Promote, blow-of-cottons rate, ginning outturn, gined cotton per mu yield, the equal highest of unginned cotton per mu yield, respectively 99.64%, 41%, 123.02kg,
299.10kg saves artificial 3~7 per acre.The use of the present invention is conducive to the raising of output of cotton, reduces production cost,
Fundamentally improve Cotton Production scale, standardization, industrialization.In addition, disleave rate is up to 90%, after harvesting cotton
Cotton plant, can be used as livestock forage grass use, improve crops utilization benefit.The present embodiment cotton variety is that new land is No. 41 early.
Table method using the present invention and existing conventional techniques comparison sheet
Claims (4)
1. one kind being suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, step are followed successively by：Selection of land and site preparation, Shi Ji
Fertilizer, seed treatment, mulch sowing laying droping irrigating pipe, field management, in due courseization control is accelerated the ripening and in due course disleave, it is characterised in that：
The in due courseization control is accelerated the ripening it is characterized in that being point 3 progress：1st change control is carried out in 4 leaf, 1 heart in seedling stage, is sprayed to cotton plant
Mepiquat chloride, the amount of spraying are 3.0g/hm2~6.0g/hm2；2nd change control i.e. squaring period, is sprayed in 6 leaf of cotton plant~7 leaf to cotton plant
Mepiquat chloride is applied, the amount of spraying is 15.0g/hm2~30.0g/hm2；3rd change control is carried out in flowering and boll-setting period, and the amount of spraying is 30.0g/
hm2~45.0g/hm；
The in due course disleave：
A. defoliant selects：It selects 50% Thidiazuron wettable powder or 54% de- spits grand wettable powder；
B. dosage and proportioning：50% Thidiazuron wettable powder 600g/hm2~1,350g/hm2With 40% ethephon agent
2250ml/hm2~3,000ml/hm2Mixing application 54% de- spits grand wettable powder 135ml/hm2~150ml/hm2With
40% ethephon agent 1,200ml/hm2~1,800ml/hm2Mixing application, per hm2Water consumption 450L~750L.
C. the disleave time：When cotton boll blowing rate reaches 30%, you can start to spray；When reaching 40%~60%, effect is more preferable,
Generally sprayed within 10 days or so in September.It sprays rear temperature and stablizes maintenance 3d~5d, it is desirable that daily minimal tcmperature answers >=12.5 DEG C, and day is flat
Equal temperature>18℃；
D. liquid volume：Mechanical dispenser, per hm2Water consumption 450L~750L, full field even spraying.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 be suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, it is characterised in that
The in due courseization control sprays Chinese mugwort fluorine enlightening in initial bloom stage, and Chinese mugwort fluorine enlightening is 600ml/hm suitable for the amount of spraying2, after topping, the amount of spraying
1,050ml/hm2, change control best results, yield highest.
3. a kind of according to claim 1 be suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, it is characterised in that
It is 3 times that the in due courseization control, which accelerates the ripening and sprays number, is divided between spraying time 10~15 days.
4. a kind of according to claim 1 be suitable for desert arid biogeographic zone machine pick cotton chemical ripening and disleave method, it is characterised in that
When in due course disleave dispenser, the blade of inner peripheral up and down of cotton plant is uniformly sprayed, if raining in 2h~4h after dispenser, to be weighed
Newly fill spray.The partially prosperous cotton field of, growing way larger for density should suitably be increased defoliant dosage, and be sprayed using 2 times, and leaf is promoted
Piece falls off, and prevents blade " dry without falling ".
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| CN111670774A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-09-18 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Mechanically harvested cotton topping-free cultivation method based on mepiquat chloride and water and fertilizer precise operation and research |
| CN111990105A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-27 | 四川七彩林科股份有限公司 | Method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and regulating and controlling ornamental period |
| CN113197047A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-03 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Machine-harvested cotton and dry rice intercropping and partitioned irrigation cultivation method |
| CN113303125A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-08-27 | 石河子大学 | Method for timely applying defoliation ripener to mechanical cotton picking in arid region |
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| CN113303125B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2023-10-10 | 石河子大学 | Method for timely applying defoliation ripening agent to machine-harvested cotton in arid region |
| CN113197047A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-03 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Machine-harvested cotton and dry rice intercropping and partitioned irrigation cultivation method |
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