CN113197047A - Machine-harvested cotton and dry rice intercropping and partitioned irrigation cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for intercropping and partitioned irrigation cultivation of machine-harvested cotton and dry rice, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. An intercropping and zoning irrigation cultivation method for machine-harvested cotton and dry rice comprises the following steps: (1) rotary tillage and soil preparation; (2) seeding at the same time; (3) carrying out subarea irrigation; (4) and (6) harvesting. The invention utilizes the obvious difference of water demand of cotton and dry rice, adopts water-saving measures to carry out regional irrigation, only needs to irrigate the dry rice region, does not need to irrigate the cotton region specially, and the regional irrigation can not only improve the utilization rate of water resources and the irrigation efficiency, but also can enable different crops to adapt to water stress so as to promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield of the cotton and the dry rice. And the invention adopts simplified technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle air seeding, precision machine seeding, machine harvesting and the like, can solve the problems of more labor investment, high cost, low cotton field benefit and the like in the traditional intercropping mode, and is very suitable for being popularized in Yangtze river basin.

Description

Machine-harvested cotton and dry rice intercropping and partitioned irrigation cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating machine-harvested cotton and dry rice by intercropping and partitioned irrigation.

Background

Cotton is the traditional dominant crop in Yangtze river basin, taking Hubei province as an example, the planting area is always stabilized between 500 plus 700 ten thousand mu in recent decades, and the total yield of the ginned cotton is about 40-50 ten thousand tons. The planting area and the yield are only second to Xinjiang, Shandong and Hebei, and are arranged in the fourth place of China and at the head of the cotton area in Yangtze river basin.

In recent years, the cotton planting area is reduced in a cliff manner, taking the province in Hubei as an example, the cotton area is continuously reduced from 2013, particularly reduced in cliff manners in 2014 and 2015, the total yield is reduced from 709 ten thousand mu in 2012 to 238.9 ten thousand mu at present, the total yield is reduced from 53.15 ten thousand tons to 14.9 ten thousand tons, and the same trend is shown in large cotton planting provinces such as Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. With the rapid development of social economy and urbanization, the number of rural labor force is reduced, and the labor cost is increased rapidly. The labor for cotton production in the traditional production mode is mainly concentrated in the sowing and harvesting links, wherein the labor for manual harvesting accounts for about 70% of the total labor, so that the income of cotton farmers is reduced, the planting willingness is reduced, the dilemma of land competition of grains and cotton occurs, and particularly the reduction range of the area of cotton areas in Yangtze river basin is larger. Recent research data show that the land area physical and chemical cost for planting cotton in Yangtze river basin is 464.28 yuan, the labor cost is 1012.26 yuan, and the total cost is 1476.54 yuan. Calculated according to the purchase price of 3.0 yuan/jin on average and the seed cotton yield per mu of 450 jin, the income per mu is 1350 yuan, the income is not balanced, and the planting willingness of cotton farmers is extremely low.

Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of cotton fields to solve the dilemma of the decrease of the area of the cotton fields in Hubei province year by year.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides an intercropping and zoning irrigation cultivation method for machine-harvested cotton and upland rice. The cultivation method is applied to Yangtze river drainage basins, can improve the yield of cotton and dry rice, save water resources, reduce labor cost and improve economic benefits.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an intercropping and zoning irrigation cultivation method for machine-harvested cotton and dry rice comprises the following steps:

(1) rotary tillage and soil preparation: in a field suitable for mechanical operation, mechanically rotary tillage, ridging, and sequentially spacing the ridging and ridging;

(2) and (3) seeding in the same period: sowing cotton seeds in the ridge area, wherein the sowing amount of the cotton seeds is 0.8-1 kg/mu according to the area of the ridge area; sowing dry rice seeds in the compartment area, wherein the sowing quantity of the dry rice is 2-4 kg/mu in terms of the area of the compartment area;

(3) and (3) regional irrigation: irrigating the compartment area in a spray irrigation or drip irrigation mode during drought;

(4) harvesting: and (3) mechanically cutting the dry rice after the dry rice is mature, spraying a defoliating agent for ripening when the natural boll opening rate of the cotton reaches more than 60%, and mechanically harvesting at one time when the cotton is intensively opened by more than 90%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the machine-harvested cotton and the dry rice are intercropped, water-saving measures are adopted for regional irrigation by utilizing the obvious difference in water requirements of cotton and the dry rice, only the dry rice region is required to be irrigated, the cotton region is not required to be irrigated specially, the regional irrigation can improve the water resource utilization rate and irrigation efficiency, different crops can adapt to water stress, the crop growth is promoted, the cotton and the dry rice yield are improved, and the dilemma that the grains and the cotton compete for the land is solved. And the invention adopts light and simplified technologies such as mechanical sowing, mechanical harvesting and mechanical picking, and the like, and can solve the problems of more labor investment, high cost, low cotton field benefit and the like in the traditional sowing mode.

As a preferable technical means of the present invention, the field suitable for the mechanical operation in the step (1) is selected to have a length of 100m or more and an area of 0.67hm²The land with moderate fertility, flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage; the width of the compartment is 220-300cm, the width of the ridge is 76-100cm, the height of the ridge is 10-15 cm, and ridge peak compartments and ridge valley compartments do not need to be separated.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the method is suitable for mechanized operation and gets rid of the limitation of time and labor consumption of manual operation.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the cotton sowing parameters in the step (2) are that one row is sown in the middle of each ridge, the hole distance is 14.6-17.5cm, each hole has 1-2 grains, the hole depth is 3-5 cm, and the sowing density is 5000-6000 plants/mu by the area of the ridge area. The cotton seeds are selected from medium-early-maturing cotton varieties suitable for local areas, preferably EZ9, ZT09, Jinghua cotton 116, medium 425, ZD2040 and the like.

The sowing of the upland rice seeds is realized by adopting an upland rice seeder or an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry a GPS cruise and fly-sowing, and after the fly-sowing, the seeds are mechanically covered with soil and pressed on the surface, and a rotary tillage and pressing integrated machine is generally adopted. The drought-resistant high-yield variety is selected as the dry rice seed, and the drought-resistant high-yield variety is preferably drought-resistant high-yield variety 73.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: a mechanical sowing mode is adopted, so that the sowing efficiency is improved; and high yield per unit area and cost reduction are realized by optimizing the seeding amount and the seeding pitch.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the drought in the step (3) is that the average daily temperature in the lodging period is above 30 ℃ for 7-8 days, or 3-4 leaves on the top of the cotton plant have wilting at noon, lose positivity, darken leaf color, thicken leaves, and rapidly move up flower positions, and the sprinkling irrigation or the drip irrigation is carried out on the compartment area.

When in sprinkling irrigation, the sprinkling irrigation quantity is 10-15L per square meter in terms of area of compartment, the sprinkling irrigation range is wide for covering the dry rice compartment, and the interval of the sprinklers is about 1 m. Or when drip irrigation is carried out, the drip irrigation quantity is 10-15L per square meter in terms of the area of the compartment, and the interval between drip irrigation belts is about 1 m.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the Yangtze river basin climate presents intermittent drought, plum rain seasons are common in the growing seasons of cotton and dry rice, the cotton belongs to drought-resistant waterlogging-resistant crops, the dry rice is drought-resistant, but continuous drought exceeds 7d, the growth of the cotton and the dry rice can be affected, irrigation at the time can save labor by reducing the irrigation frequency, water needed by the cotton is less than that of the dry rice, water is transferred to a cotton working area after the dry rice area is fully irrigated, and the water can meet the growth needs of the cotton. In addition, when the rain is much, the upland rice is not afraid of the stain damage, the water consumption capacity is larger than that of the cotton, and the effect of relieving the cotton stain damage is achieved. Therefore, the intercropping of the cotton and the dry rice is beneficial to relieving the cotton waterlogging and improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water in the cotton field.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the defoliating agent in the step (4) is a mixed solution of destrulong and ethephon; or the defoliant is euphoria;

wherein, the application amount of the metoprolol and the ethephon is respectively 20ml and 150ml per mu; the application amount of the euphorbia lathyris is 150-180 ml per mu.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the defoliating agent can promote the cotton to be gathered and opened, and the mechanical intensive harvesting is realized.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: returning the straws to the field: after the dry rice and the cotton are harvested, the cotton stalks and the rice stalks are broken by a machine and spread to return to the field.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the straw is returned to the field, so that the organic matters of the soil can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the soil fertility can be improved.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: fertilization management:

base fertilizer: the cotton base fertilizer is counted by the area of a ridge area, the using amount of the cotton base fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu, and the cotton base fertilizer is applied together with cotton seeds by using a sowing and fertilizing integrated machine; the dry rice base fertilizer is calculated according to the area of a compartment area, the using amount of the dry rice base fertilizer is 50-70 kg/mu, and the dry rice base fertilizer is applied before the dry rice is sowed; wherein the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer;

topdressing: in the initial flowering period of cotton, 8-9 kg of urea and 8-9 kg of potash fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu of cotton in the ridge area according to the area of the ridge area; in the tillering stage of the upland rice, 4-5 kg of urea is additionally applied to the compartment area per mu in terms of the compartment area.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: weeding management:

closing weeds before germination: after the sowing in the same period of the step (2), closing weeds by using pendimethalin herbicide or 40% direct seeding wettable powder (the using method and the using amount are referred to a product using instruction);

and (3) weeding for the second time: during the period from 3 leaves to 4 leaves to one heart of the rice seedling, mixed solution of 50 percent of quinclorac and 10 percent of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is sprayed at 60 to 80 g/mu.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: and (3) pest control:

and (3) uniformly preventing and controlling the diseases and insect pests of the cotton and the upland rice by using an unmanned aerial vehicle. When the insect quantity or egg quantity of cotton aphid, mirid bug, red spider, cotton bollworm, red bollworm and the like on the cotton reaches the prevention and control index, the prevention and control are carried out. When the cotton field with blight and verticillium wilt is prevented and treated, ditch cleaning, stain removing, moisture reducing and plant disease treating are well carried out. The prevention and control of rice leaf rollers, chilo suppressalis, rice planthopper and sheath blight are paid attention to before and after the pulled out of the upland rice and before and after the initial heading, and the prevention and control of false smut are paid attention to at the initial heading stage.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: unmanned aerial vehicle prevents the uniform control to cotton district and rice district plant diseases and insect pests, can prevent alternately to be infected with diseases, greatly improves working effect again.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides a method for intercropping and subarea irrigation cultivation of machine-harvested cotton and dry rice. By utilizing the obvious difference in water demand of cotton and dry rice, water-saving measures are adopted for regional irrigation, only dry rice regions are irrigated, and cotton regions are not irrigated specially, so that the regional irrigation can improve the water resource utilization rate and irrigation efficiency, and different crops can adapt to water stress to promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield of the cotton and the dry rice. And the invention adopts simplified technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle air seeding, precision machine seeding, machine harvesting and the like, can solve the problems of more labor investment, high cost, low cotton field benefit and the like in the traditional intercropping mode, and is very suitable for being popularized in Yangtze river basin.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mechanical cotton picking and upland rice intercropping and zoning irrigation mode of the invention; wherein A is a non-irrigation area and B is an irrigation area.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for intercropping and subarea irrigation cultivation of machine-harvested cotton and dry rice.

Example 1

In 2018, in a demonstration field in public security county of Hubei province, a method for intercropping cotton and dry rice by a machine is adopted for regional irrigation.

Cotton variety: crystal cotton 116

Dry rice variety: drought excellence 73

(1) Rotary tillage and soil preparation: the mechanical rotary tillage, ridging and ridging are sequentially performed, wherein the ridging and the mechanical rotary tillage are sequentially spaced, the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm, the width of each ridge is 76-85 cm, and the width of each ridge is 220-230 cm.

(2) Applying a base fertilizer: spreading a ternary compound fertilizer in a dry rice planting area of the compartment area, wherein the spreading amount is 60 kg/mu in terms of the area of the compartment area; and in the cotton planting area of the ridge area, the ternary compound fertilizer is integrally sown along with the seeds.

(3) And (3) seeding in the same period: in the middle of each ridge, sowing cotton seeds in a ridge region by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine precision seeder, wherein the cotton sowing amount is 0.9 kg/mu and the ternary compound fertilizer application amount is 35 kg/mu according to the area of the ridge region; 1-2 cotton seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the hole spacing is 14.6-17.5cm, and the sowing density is 5500 plants/mu in terms of area of a ridge area. The dry rice seeder broadcasts dry rice seeds in the compartment area, the seeding quantity of the dry rice is 3 kg/mu by the area of the compartment area, and soil is covered after the seeding.

(4) Weeding

Pre-emergence sealing: and (4) uniformly spraying pendimethalin in the ridge area and the compartment area to seal weeds the next day after sowing, wherein the using method and the using amount are carried out according to a product specification.

And (3) weeding for the second time: during the period from 3 leaves to 4 leaves to one heart of the rice seedling, mixed solution of 50 percent of quinclorac and 10 percent of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is sprayed in the field of 60 to 80 g/mu.

(5) And (3) regional irrigation: and in the volt period, when the high temperature lasts for 7-8 d, or wilting occurs in 3-4 leaves at the top of the cotton plant at noon, the cotton plant loses positivity, the leaf color becomes dark, the leaves become thick, and the flower position moves up rapidly, the compartment area is irrigated. The embodiment adopts spray irrigation, the spray irrigation range covers the width of the dry rice compartment, the spray nozzle interval is 1m, and the spray irrigation amount is 15L per square meter each time.

This example was irrigated 5 times throughout the growth phase.

(6) Topdressing: in the initial flowering period of cotton, 9kg of urea and 9kg of potash fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu of land according to the area of the land; in the tillering stage of the dry rice, 5kg of urea is additionally applied to the compartment area per mu in terms of the area of the compartment area.

(7) And (3) pest control: the prevention and control are carried out when the insect quantity or egg quantity of cotton aphid, mirid, red spider, cotton bollworm, red bollworm and the like is observed to reach the prevention and control index. When the cotton field with blight and verticillium wilt is prevented and treated, ditch cleaning, stain removing, moisture reducing and plant disease treating are well carried out.

(8) Harvesting: harvesting the dry rice by using a machine after the dry rice is mature; after the dry rice is harvested, when the natural boll opening rate of cotton reaches 60%, the cotton is sprayed with euphorbia lathyris for ripening, and the spraying amount of the euphorbia lathyris is 150 ml/mu in terms of the area of a ridge area. When the cotton centralized boll opening rate reaches 90%, mechanical one-time harvesting is adopted.

(9) Returning the straws to the field: the cotton stalk is crushed by a machine and is spread in the field.

Comparative example 1

In 2018, in a demonstration field in public security county of Hubei province, cotton and dry rice are respectively planted and managed.

(1) Cotton

Cotton variety: the same as in example 1.

After rotary tillage and soil preparation, cotton seeds are sown by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine precision machine, 1-2 cotton seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the hole spacing is 14.6-17.5cm, the sowing density is 5500 plants/mu calculated by the area of a ridge area, and the sowing quantity is 0.9 kg/mu. And simultaneously applying 35 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer along with sowing.

Weeding, top application and pest control were performed as in example 1.

Water: 7. irrigating once every 7 days in 8 months, 5 times in total, irrigating in time to resist drought when the flower position moves upwards quickly, advocating small ditch irrigation in the morning and at night, and the average irrigation quantity is 15L/square meter.

Harvesting: the natural boll opening rate of the cotton reaches more than 40 percent, defoliant is sprayed about 20 days from the harvesting period, 150 ml-180 ml of euphorbia lathyris or 20ml of metoronum removing is used for every 667m2, 150ml of ethephon is matched and applied, an unmanned aerial vehicle is suitable for spraying, and the cotton is harvested by a one-time machine after defoliation, ripening and centralized boll opening.

(2) Dry rice

Dry rice variety: the same as in example 1.

Rotary tillage and soil preparation, 60kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as base fertilizer, a dry rice seeder is used for broadcasting dry rice seeds, the seeding amount is 3 kg/mu, and soil is covered after seeding.

Weeding, top application and pest control were performed as in example 1.

Water: 7. the 8 months irrigate once every 7 days for a total of 5 times.

Harvesting: after the dry rice is ripe, mechanically harvesting, and crushing the rice straw and returning the crushed rice straw to the field.

Effect example 1

Statistics is carried out on the results of the intercropping and zoning irrigation of the machine-harvested cotton and the upland rice in the example 1 and the respective planting management of the cotton and the upland rice in the comparative example 1, and the data are detailed in the table 1.

TABLE 1

The results show that the division irrigation of the intercropping of the two crops is beneficial to reducing the cotton waterlogging damage and improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water of the cotton field, and the water saving rate reaches about 30 percent. The intercropping yield of cotton and dry rice is slightly better than that of single cropping, the yield of cotton per mu is increased by about 8-10%, the yield of dry rice per mu is increased by 5-10%, and the net profit is increased by more than 30.5%. The cotton planting cost is high, the unit price is high, the dry rice planting cost is relatively low, the unit price is also low, and the net profit per unit area is improved by intercropping the cotton and the dry rice.

Example 2

In 2019, in a demonstration field in public security county of Hubei province, a method for intercropping cotton and dry rice by a machine is adopted for regional irrigation.

Cotton variety: EZ9

Dry rice variety: drought excellence 73

(1) Rotary tillage and soil preparation: the mechanical rotary tillage, ridging and ridging are sequentially performed, the ridging and ridging are sequentially spaced, the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm, the width of each ridge is 90-100 cm, and the width of each ridge is 290-300 cm.

(2) Applying a base fertilizer: and (3) broadcasting and applying the ternary compound fertilizer in the dry rice planting area of the compartment area, wherein the broadcasting amount is 50 kg/mu in terms of the area of the compartment area. In the cotton planting area of the ridge area, the ternary compound fertilizer is integrally sown along with the seeds.

(3) And (3) seeding in the same period: in the middle of each ridge, sowing cotton seeds in a ridge region by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine precision seeder, wherein the cotton sowing amount is 0.8 kg/mu by taking the area of the ridge region, and the ternary compound fertilizer application amount is 30 kg/mu; 1-2 cotton seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the hole spacing is 14.6-17.5cm, and the sowing density is 5000 plants/mu in terms of the area of a ridge area. The unmanned aerial vehicle carries a GPS cruise to aerial-sow dry rice seeds in the compartment area, the seeding amount of the dry rice is 2 kg/mu by the area of the compartment area, and soil is covered after the dry rice seeds are scattered.

(4) Weeding

Pre-emergence sealing: the next day after sowing, 40% direct seeding wettable powder is evenly sprayed in the ridge area and the compartment area to seal weeds, and the using method and the using amount are carried out according to the product specification.

And (3) weeding for the second time: during the period from 3 leaves to 4 leaves to one heart of the rice seedling, mixed solution of 50 percent of quinclorac and 10 percent of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is sprayed in the field of 60 to 80 g/mu.

(5) And (3) regional irrigation: in the lodging period, when the daily average temperature is kept between 7d and 8d, or 3 to 4 leaves at the top of the cotton plant are wilted at noon, the cotton plant loses positivity, the leaf color becomes dark, the leaves become thick, and the flower position rapidly moves upwards, the compartment area is irrigated. The embodiment adopts spray irrigation, the spray irrigation range covers the width of the dry rice compartment, the spray nozzle interval is 1m, and the spray irrigation amount is 15L per square meter each time.

In the embodiment, the irrigation is carried out once at intervals of 7 days in 8 and 9 months of the whole growth period, the irrigation is carried out for 5 times totally, and the average irrigation quantity is 15L/square meter.

(6) Topdressing: in the initial flowering period of cotton, 8kg of urea and 8kg of potash fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu of land in terms of area of the ridge area; in the tillering stage of the upland rice, 4kg of urea is additionally applied to the compartment area per mu in terms of the compartment area.

(7) And (3) pest control: the prevention and control are carried out when the insect quantity or egg quantity of cotton aphid, mirid, red spider, cotton bollworm, red bollworm and the like is observed to reach the prevention and control index. When the cotton field with blight and verticillium wilt is prevented and treated, ditch cleaning, stain removing, moisture reducing and plant disease treating are well carried out.

(8) Harvesting: harvesting the dry rice by using a machine after the dry rice is mature; after the dry rice is harvested, when the natural boll opening rate of cotton reaches 70%, the cotton is sprayed with euphorbia lathyris for ripening, and the spraying amount is 150ml per mu according to the area of a ridge area. When the cotton is gathered and bolled up to 90%, the cotton is mechanically harvested at one time.

(9) Returning the straws to the field: the cotton stalk is crushed by a machine and is spread in the field.

Comparative example 2

In 2019, in a demonstration field in public security county of Hubei province, cotton and dry rice are respectively planted and managed.

(1) Cotton

Cotton variety: the same as in example 2.

After rotary tillage and land preparation, cotton seeds are sown by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine precision machine, 1-2 cotton seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the hole spacing is 14.6-17.5cm, the sowing density is 5000 plants/mu in terms of the area of a ridge area, and the sowing quantity is 0.8 kg/mu. And simultaneously, 30 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer is applied along with sowing.

Weeding, top application and pest control were performed as in example 1.

Water: 8. the irrigation was carried out once every 7 days in 9 months for 5 times in total, and the average irrigation amount was 15L/square meter.

Harvesting: the natural boll opening rate of the cotton reaches more than 40 percent, defoliant is sprayed about 20 days from the harvesting period, 150 ml-180 ml of euphorbia lathyris or 20ml of metoronum removing is used for every 667m2, 150ml of ethephon is matched and applied, an unmanned aerial vehicle is suitable for spraying, and the cotton is harvested by a one-time machine after defoliation, ripening and centralized boll opening.

(2) Dry rice

Dry rice variety: the same as in example 2.

And (3) rotary tillage and soil preparation, namely applying 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer to each mu, carrying a GPS cruise by an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry dry rice seeds, sowing the dry rice seeds at a sowing amount of 2 kg/mu, and covering soil after sowing.

Weeding, top application and pest control were performed as in example 1.

Water: 8. the irrigation was carried out once every 7 days in 9 months for 6 times in total, and the average irrigation amount was 15L/square meter.

Harvesting: after the dry rice is ripe, mechanically harvesting, and crushing the rice straw and returning the crushed rice straw to the field.

Effect example 2

Statistics is carried out on the results of the intercropping and zoning irrigation of the machine-harvested cotton and the upland rice in the example 2 and the respective planting management of the cotton and the upland rice in the comparative example 2, and the data are detailed in a table 2.

TABLE 2

The results show that the division irrigation of the intercropping of the two crops is beneficial to reducing the cotton waterlogging damage and improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water of the cotton field, and the water saving rate reaches about 23 percent. The intercropping yield of cotton and dry rice is slightly better than that of single cropping, the yield of cotton per mu is increased by about 10-12%, the yield of dry rice per mu is increased by 5-10%, and the net profit is increased by more than 37.8%. The cotton planting cost is high, the unit price is high, the dry rice planting cost is relatively low, the unit price is also low, and the net profit per unit area is improved by intercropping the cotton and the dry rice.

Example 3

Public security county of Hubei province in 2020

Cotton variety: middle 425 and ZD2040

Dry rice variety: drought excellence 73

(1) Rotary tillage and soil preparation: the method comprises the following steps of mechanically rotary tillage, ridging and ridge forming, wherein the ridging and the ridge are sequentially spaced, the ridge height is 10-15 cm, the ridge width is 80-90 cm, and the ridge width is 240-250 cm.

(2) Applying a base fertilizer: and (3) spreading the ternary compound fertilizer in the dry rice planting area of the compartment area, wherein the spreading amount is 70 kg/mu in terms of the area of the compartment area. In the cotton planting area of the ridge area, the ternary compound fertilizer is integrally sown along with the seeds.

(3) And (3) seeding in the same period: in the middle of each ridge, sowing cotton seeds in a ridge region by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine precision seeder, wherein the cotton sowing amount is 1 kg/mu and the ternary compound fertilizer application amount is 40 kg/mu according to the area of the ridge region; 1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole of the cotton seeds, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the hole spacing is 14.6-17.5cm, and the sowing density is 6000 plants/mu in terms of area of a ridge area. The dry rice seeder broadcasts dry rice seeds in the compartment area, the seeding quantity of the dry rice is 4 kg/mu by the area of the compartment area, and soil is covered after the seeding.

(4) Weeding

Pre-emergence sealing: and (4) uniformly spraying pendimethalin in the ridge area and the compartment area to seal weeds the next day after sowing, wherein the using method and the using amount are carried out according to a product specification.

And (3) weeding for the second time: during the period from 3 leaves to 4 leaves to one heart of the rice seedling, mixed solution of 50 percent of quinclorac and 10 percent of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is sprayed in the field of 60 to 80 g/mu.

(5) And (3) regional irrigation: and in the volt period, when the high temperature lasts for 7-8 d, or wilting occurs in 3-4 leaves at the top of the cotton plant at noon, the cotton plant loses positivity, the leaf color becomes dark, the leaves become thick, and the flower position moves up rapidly, the compartment area is irrigated.

The embodiment adopts a drip irrigation mode, the interval between drip irrigation belts is about 1m, and the drip irrigation quantity is 10L per square meter in terms of the area of a compartment.

Irrigating for 5 times in the growth period.

(6) Topdressing: in the initial flowering period of cotton, 8kg of urea and 8kg of potash fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu of land in terms of area of the ridge area; in the tillering stage of the upland rice, 4kg of urea is additionally applied to the compartment area per mu in terms of the compartment area.

(7) And (3) pest control: the prevention and control are carried out when the insect quantity or egg quantity of cotton aphid, mirid, red spider, cotton bollworm, red bollworm and the like is observed to reach the prevention and control index. When the cotton field with blight and verticillium wilt is prevented and treated, ditch cleaning, stain removing, moisture reducing and plant disease treating are well carried out.

(8) Harvesting: harvesting the dry rice by using a machine after the dry rice is mature; after the dry rice is harvested, when the natural boll opening rate of cotton reaches 65%, spraying a mixed solution of the dediron and ethephon to the cotton for ripening, wherein the spraying amount is 20ml of the dediron and 150ml of the ethephon per mu according to the area of a ridge area. When the cotton is gathered and bolled up to 90%, the cotton is mechanically harvested at one time.

(9) Returning the straws to the field: the cotton stalk is crushed by a machine and is spread in the field.

Comparative example 3

In the demonstration field of public security and county in Hubei province in 2020, cotton and dry rice are respectively planted and managed.

(1) Cotton

Cotton variety: the same as in example 3.

After rotary tillage and soil preparation, cotton seeds are sown by adopting a cotton sowing and fertilizing integrated machine precision seeder, 1-2 cotton seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the hole spacing is 14.6-17.5cm, the sowing density is 6000 plants/mu counted by the area of a ridge area, and the sowing quantity is 1 kg/mu. And simultaneously, applying 40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer along with sowing.

Weeding, top application and pest control were performed as in example 1.

Water: the irrigation was carried out once every 7 days in 9 months for 3 times in total, and the average irrigation amount was 15L/square meter.

Harvesting: the natural boll opening rate of the cotton reaches more than 40 percent, defoliant is sprayed about 20 days from the harvesting period, 150 ml-180 ml of euphorbia lathyris or 20ml of metoronum removing is used for every 667m2, 150ml of ethephon is matched and applied, an unmanned aerial vehicle is suitable for spraying, and the cotton is harvested by a one-time machine after defoliation, ripening and centralized boll opening.

(2) Dry rice

Dry rice variety: the same as in example 3.

And (3) rotary tillage and soil preparation, namely applying 70kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer to each mu, sowing dry rice seeds by a dry rice sowing machine with the sowing quantity of 4 kg/mu, and covering soil after sowing.

Weeding, top application and pest control were performed as in example 1.

Water: the irrigation was carried out once every 7 days in 9 months for 4 times in total, and the average irrigation amount was 15L/square meter.

Harvesting: after the dry rice is ripe, mechanically harvesting, and crushing the rice straw and returning the crushed rice straw to the field.

Effect example 3

Statistics are carried out on the results of the intercropping and zoning irrigation of the machine-harvested cotton and the upland rice in the example 3 and the respective planting management of the cotton and the upland rice in the comparative example 3, and the data are detailed in a table 3.

TABLE 3

The result shows that the division irrigation of the intercropping of the two crops is beneficial to reducing the cotton waterlogging damage and improving the utilization efficiency of irrigation water of the cotton field, and the water saving rate reaches about 33 percent. The intercropping yield of cotton and dry rice is slightly better than that of single cropping, the yield of cotton per mu is increased by about 11.5%, the yield of dry rice per mu is increased by 8.6%, and the net profit is increased by more than 34.7%. The cotton planting cost is high, the unit price is high, the dry rice planting cost is relatively low, the unit price is also low, and the net profit per unit area is improved by intercropping the cotton and the dry rice.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (9)

1. An intercropping and zoning irrigation cultivation method for machine-harvested cotton and dry rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) rotary tillage and soil preparation: in a field suitable for mechanical operation, mechanically rotary tillage, ridging, and sequentially spacing the ridging and ridging;

(2) and (3) seeding in the same period: sowing cotton seeds in the ridge area, wherein the sowing amount of the cotton seeds is 0.8-1 kg/mu according to the area of the ridge area; sowing dry rice seeds in the compartment area, wherein the sowing quantity of the dry rice is 2-4 kg/mu in terms of the area of the compartment area;

(3) and (3) regional irrigation: irrigating the compartment area in a spray irrigation or drip irrigation mode during drought;

(4) harvesting: and (3) mechanically cutting the dry rice after the dry rice is mature, spraying a defoliating agent for ripening when the natural boll opening rate of the cotton reaches more than 60%, and mechanically harvesting at one time when the cotton is intensively opened by more than 90%.

2. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1,

the field suitable for mechanical operation in the step (1) is selected to be more than 100m long and 0.67hm in area²The land with moderate fertility, flat terrain and convenient irrigation and drainage;

the compartment width is 220-300cm, the ridge width is 76-100cm, and the ridge height is 10-15 cm.

3. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1,

the cotton sowing parameters in the step (2) are that one row is sown in the middle of each ridge, the hole distance is 14.6-17.5cm, each hole is 1-2, the hole depth is 3-5 cm, and the sowing density is 5000-6000 plants/mu by the area of the ridge area.

4. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1,

the drought in the step (3) is that the average daily temperature in the lodging period is more than 30 ℃ and lasts for 7-8 d, or wilting occurs in 3-4 leaves at the top of the cotton plant at noon, the cotton plant loses positivity, and the flower position rapidly moves upwards;

the sprinkling irrigation quantity is calculated by the area of the compartment, and the sprinkling irrigation quantity is 10-15L per square meter each time;

the drip irrigation quantity is calculated by the area of the compartment, and the drip irrigation quantity is 10-15L per square meter each time.

5. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1,

the defoliant in the step (4) is a mixed solution of destoluron and ethephon;

or the defoliant is euphoria;

wherein, the amount of the dediron and the ethephon per mu is respectively 20ml and 150 ml;

the euphorbia lathyris is 150-180 ml per mu.

6. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation cultivation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: returning the straws to the field: after harvesting, the cotton stalks and the rice straws are smashed and returned to the field in full.

7. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation cultivation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: fertilization management:

base fertilizer: the cotton base fertilizer is applied together with cotton seeds, wherein the cotton base fertilizer is counted by the area of a ridge area, and the using amount of the cotton base fertilizer is 30-40 kg/mu; the dry rice base fertilizer is calculated according to the area of a compartment area, the using amount of the dry rice base fertilizer is 50-70 kg/mu, and the dry rice base fertilizer is applied before the dry rice is sowed; wherein the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer;

topdressing: in the initial flowering period of cotton, 8-9 kg of urea and 8-9 kg of potash fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu of cotton in the ridge area according to the area of the ridge area; in the tillering stage of the upland rice, 4-5 kg of urea is additionally applied to the compartment area per mu in terms of the compartment area.

8. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation cultivation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: weeding management:

closing weeds before germination: after the seeding is carried out in the same period in the step (2), closing weeds by using pendimethalin herbicide or 40% direct seeding wettable powder;

and (3) weeding for the second time: during the period from 3 leaves to 4 leaves to one heart of the rice seedling, mixed solution of 50 percent of quinclorac and 10 percent of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is sprayed at 60 to 80 g/mu.

9. The method for intercropping and subarea irrigation cultivation of machine-harvested cotton and upland rice as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: and (4) pest control.

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