CN111990105A - Method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and regulating and controlling ornamental period - Google Patents
Method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and regulating and controlling ornamental period Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant growth regulators, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of a maple plant and regulating and controlling an ornamental period, which comprises the following steps: irrigating the trees before spraying the defoliant; preparing a defoliant with ethephon concentration of 2000ppm and thidiazuron concentration of 1000 ppm; uniformly spraying the defoliant on the leaves of the plant of the Aceraceae family until the leaves drip small drops; spraying monopotassium phosphate for 1 time every 3 days, and spraying 3 times in total; and after the leaves fall off and new leaves begin to germinate, spraying the exogenous sugar for 2 times every 3 days. The method adopts ethephon and thidiazuron to compound and spray the defoliant, so that diseased leaves and normal leaves fall off quickly, new leaves are promoted to grow, the defoliation rate is basically over 90 percent, synthesis of anthocyanin is promoted by reasonable irrigation and spraying of monopotassium phosphate and exogenous sugar, leaf color expression is facilitated, and the defoliant can be used for artificial regulation and control of the ornamental period of the aceraceous plants while defoliant is defoliated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant growth regulators, and particularly relates to a method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of a maple plant and regulating and controlling an ornamental period.
Background
Aceraceae (Aceraceae) Acer (Acer) is generally called maple, and is also commonly called maple or maple. There are over 200 maples worldwide, distributed in asia, europe, north america, and north africa. More than 160 species exist in China, account for more than 75% of the total number of the world, are distributed all over the country, and mainly produce Yangtze river drainage basins and provinces in the south of the Yangtze river drainage basins. Maple can be used as building material, paper-making raw material, medicine extraction, industrial oil and honey source plant. Some maples have rich tree forms, unrestrained postures, rich leaf shapes and variable leaf colors, and are known as famous leaf-viewing plants in the world.
The most important ornamental value of the aceraceous plant is that the leaf color is bright and the leaf shape is beautiful. The leaves are shaped like chicken feet, and the new leaves of different tree species can present the colors such as red, pink, yellow, single yellow, light green and the like in early spring. However, the aceraceous plants are not resistant to strong illumination, and the leaves are easily burnt by strong sunlight in summer, so that the ornamental value of the aceraceous plants is greatly influenced. During the application and the production of gardens, diseased leaves burnt by sunlight and other normal leaves are basically removed in a manual mode, and after new leaves germinate and grow, the beautiful leaf shapes and the rich leaf colors are observed. In the prior art, a method for manually and uniformly removing old leaves is also adopted for regulating and controlling the ornamental period of plant leaves, for example, a method for color control of Chinese golden leaf elm leaf picking and bud promotion disclosed by Chinese patent CN101473751A, but the manual leaf removing not only has the defects of time and labor consumption, low efficiency and the like, but also has potential safety hazards due to the fact that a ladder is erected or trees are climbed when the leaves are picked. There is currently no specific method in the art to effectively and rapidly remove the leaves of the aceraceous plant and control its ornamental life.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the diseased leaves of the maple plants influence viewing and are difficult to remove manually in the prior art, the invention provides a method for efficiently removing the diseased leaves of the maple plants and regulating and controlling the viewing period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and regulating and controlling the ornamental period comprises the following steps:
s1, moisture management: irrigating the trees 2 weeks before spraying the defoliant till the ornamental period is finished;
s2, preparation of a defoliant: mixing ethephon mother liquor and thidiazuron mother liquor to prepare a defoliant with ethephon concentration of 2000ppm and thidiazuron concentration of 1000ppm, and filling the defoliant into a sprayer;
s3, spraying a defoliant: selecting rainy and windless morning, and uniformly spraying the defoliant on the leaves of positive and negative plants of Aceraceae until the leaves drip small drops;
s4, spraying monopotassium phosphate: spraying 1-time monopotassium phosphate every 3 days from the 2 nd day after spraying the defoliant for 3 times;
s5, spraying exogenous sugar: and after the leaves fall off and new leaves begin to germinate, spraying the exogenous sugar for 2 times every 3 days.
Further, the relative water content of the soil is maintained between 60% and 80% during the water management period.
Further, the preparation process of the defoliating agent comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, respectively using a ethephon water agent and thidiazuron powder, adding water to prepare a ethephon mother solution with the concentration of 4000ppm and a thidiazuron mother solution with the concentration of 2000ppm, and then measuring the ethephon mother solution and the thidiazuron mother solution with the same volume to obtain the defoliant.
Furthermore, the ethephon mother liquor is prepared by adding ethephon aqua and then adding water for dilution.
Furthermore, a container for preparing the ethephon mother liquor and the defoliant and a sprayer for spraying the defoliant need to be cleaned for 3-5 times in advance.
Further, when the defoliant, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the exogenous sugar are sprayed, the distance between a spray nozzle and the leaves is 20-30 cm.
Further, the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 10000 ppm.
Further, the alien sugar is sucrose at a concentration of 1000 ppm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts ethephon and thidiazuron to compound and spray the defoliant, so that diseased leaves and normal leaves fall off quickly, new leaves are promoted to grow, the defoliation rate is basically over 96 percent, anthocyanin synthesis is promoted through reasonable irrigation, monopotassium phosphate spraying and exogenous sugar spraying, leaf color expression is facilitated, and the defoliant can be used for artificial regulation and control of the ornamental period of the aceraceous plants by utilizing the defoliant effect. The defoliant is prepared by adopting a two-time dilution method, so that the defect that ethephon is easy to decompose during preparation is overcome.
The method is slightly limited by seasons, can restore the leaf shapes of the aceraceous plants in spring, summer and autumn and present the ornamental period, is a large-scale, efficient, convenient, strong-operability and wide-application-time method for removing the diseased leaves and regulating the ornamental period, and achieves the purposes of removing the aceraceous plant leaves in a non-manual mode and regulating the ornamental period. The blade removing device is efficient, convenient and fast, saves labor cost, is simple and convenient to operate, and avoids potential safety hazards caused by manual blade removing. The operation speed is high, the large-range simultaneous operation can be realized, and the consistency of removing the blades is high. When a defoliant leaf picking test is carried out, the leaves and the leaf stalks thereof are picked off manually in the same land, except that the defoliant is not sprayed, other treatment is consistent, and after continuous observation, the new leaves can germinate more than 5 days in advance after the defoliant with ethephon concentration of 2000ppm and thidiazuron concentration of 1000ppm is sprayed compared with the method for manually picking off the leaves, so that the viewing period can be more than 5 days in advance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the exfoliation of leaves 20 days after spraying the defoliant in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing germination of new leaves 25 days after spraying the defoliant in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but is defined by the description of the invention and the claims.
Example 1
A method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and regulating and controlling the ornamental period comprises the following steps:
s1, moisture management: irrigating the trees 2 weeks before spraying the defoliant, and maintaining the relative water content of the soil to be 60-80% until the ornamental period is finished; the maple leaf color regulation and control test carried out in 2019 in 7-9 months shows that reasonable irrigation is beneficial to anthocyanin synthesis and leaf color expression.
S2, preparation of a defoliant: since ethephon is an acidic pesticide and is easily decomposed when the pH is higher than 4, a container for preparing ethephon mother liquor, a defoliant and a sprayer for spraying the defoliant need to be cleaned for 3-5 times in advance before preparation until the container is cleaned, and preparation and application are ready.
Because ethephon is strongly acidic and thidiazuron is weakly alkaline, ethephon water aqua and thidiazuron powder are respectively added with water to prepare ethephon mother liquor with the concentration of 4000ppm and thidiazuron mother liquor with the concentration of 2000ppm, then ethephon mother liquor and thidiazuron mother liquor with the same volume are measured and mixed to obtain defoliant, and defoliant with ethephon concentration of 2000ppm and thidiazuron concentration of 1000ppm is prepared and put into a sprayer; when the ethephon mother liquor is prepared, the ethephon water agent is added firstly, and then the ethephon mother liquor is diluted by adding water, so that ethephon decomposition caused by overhigh pH value is avoided.
S3, spraying a defoliant: selecting a rainy and windless morning, uniformly spraying the defoliant on the leaves of the plants of the Aceraceae family, wherein the distance between the defoliant and the leaves of the Aceraceae family is 20-30 cm when the defoliant is sprayed until the leaves drip small drops, and all the leaves are required to be sprayed.
S4, spraying monopotassium phosphate: starting from the 2 nd day after the defoliant is sprayed, 1 time of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the concentration of 10000ppm is sprayed every 3 days, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed for 3 times totally, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is uniformly sprayed on the leaves of positive and negative plants in the family of the aceraceae, the distance between the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the leaves of the plants in the family of the aceraceae is 20-30 cm during spraying until the small drops drop drops fall off from the leaves, and all the leaves need to be sprayed.
S5, spraying exogenous sugar: after about 25 days, when the leaves fall off and new leaves begin to germinate, 1 time of sucrose with the concentration of 1000ppm is sprayed every 3 days for 2 times, the sucrose is uniformly sprayed on the positive and negative plant leaves of the aceraceae, and the distance between the sucrose and the leaves of the aceraceae is 20-30 cm when the sucrose is sprayed until the small drops of the leaves drop, and all the leaves need to be sprayed.
The leaf-picking method can be used for various Aceraceae plants, such as Corallium japonicum Kishinouye, Aristolochia debilis, Acer palmatum, Acer rubrum, etc. The aceraceous plant in this example is specifically a coral pavilion, and after spraying the defoliant, leaves almost completely shed in 20 days, as shown in fig. 1; the new leaves start to germinate in 25 days, as shown in fig. 2, the leaves are light green in color, and the leaves are spread and enter the ornamental period after the leaves germinate for 5-7 days, so that the method disclosed by the invention is beneficial to quickly and orderly shedding the leaves of the aceraceous plant, and has the effect of regulating and controlling the ornamental period.
Example 2
The diseased leaves of the aceraceous plant are treated by using the defoliant with different concentrations independently, and then the operation of spraying the monopotassium phosphate and the alien sugar is the same as that of the example 1, and the falling condition and the new emergence condition of the leaves are counted after 30 days.
TABLE 1 Effect of defoliants of different concentrations on the exfoliation of leaves of Chinese Red maple
| Reagent and concentration | Total number of leaves (before treatment) | Number of green leaves | Defoliation rate |
| Glyphosate 410ppm | 586 | 456 | 0.221843003 |
| Glyphosate 820ppm | 354 | 274 | 0.225988701 |
| Glyphosate 1640ppm | 462 | 132 | 0.714285714 |
| Ethephon 400ppm | 354 | 292 | 0.175141243 |
| Ethephon 800ppm | 410 | 216 | 0.473170732 |
| Ethephon 1600ppm | 446 | 175 | 0.607623318 |
| Abscisic acid 1000ppm | 840 | 497 | 0.408333333 |
| Abscisic acid 2000ppm | 416 | 382 | 0.081730769 |
| Abscisic acid 4000ppm | 790 | 538 | 0.318987342 |
| CK | 0 | 0 | - |
As can be seen from the table 1, 250 times of glyphosate has the best defoliation effect, and then ethephon is used, but subsequent experiments show that the defoliation principle of glyphosate is similar to that of herbicide, contact killing of leaves can have harmful effect on trees, and the effect of sprouting new leaves is poor, so that the effect is eliminated. The defoliation rate of ethephon 250 times is 60.76%, the germination time of new leaves is shortest, the uniformity is high, and the comprehensive effect is best.
Example 3
Different maple plants are treated by using different defoliants, and then the operation of spraying monopotassium phosphate and alien sugar is the same as that of example 1, the falling condition of leaves is counted after 30 days, and the germination condition of new leaves in the falling process is counted.
TABLE 2 Effect of different defoliants on noble leaf abscission and new leaf germination
TABLE 3 Effect of different defoliants on Qinglong leaf abscission and New leaf Germination
TABLE 4 Effect of different defoliants on Geranium abscission and new leaf germination
It can be seen from table 3 and table 4 that the single use of ethephon can increase the abscission rate of leaves of the aceraceous plant, the single use of thidiazuron defoliant can reduce the abscission rate of leaves of the aceraceous plant, the use of the compound defoliant of ethephon and thidiazuron can effectively provide the abscission rate of leaves, wherein when the ethephon concentration is 2000ppm and the thidiazuron concentration is 1000ppm, the abscission rate can reach more than 96%, the germination time of new leaves is about ten days earlier, and the regularity of new leaf germination is enhanced, thus playing a role in regulating and controlling the ornamental period of the leaves of the plants.
It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
Claims (8)
1. A method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of an aceraceous plant and regulating and controlling an ornamental period is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, moisture management: irrigating the trees 2 weeks before spraying the defoliant till the ornamental period is finished;
s2, preparation of a defoliant: mixing ethephon mother liquor and thidiazuron mother liquor to prepare a defoliant with ethephon concentration of 2000ppm and thidiazuron concentration of 1000ppm, and filling the defoliant into a sprayer;
s3, spraying a defoliant: selecting rainy and windless morning, and uniformly spraying the defoliant on the leaves of positive and negative plants of Aceraceae until the leaves drip small drops;
s4, spraying monopotassium phosphate: spraying 1-time monopotassium phosphate every 3 days from the 2 nd day after spraying the defoliant for 3 times;
s5, spraying exogenous sugar: and after the leaves fall off and new leaves begin to germinate, spraying the exogenous sugar for 2 times every 3 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the relative water content of the soil is maintained at 60-80% during the water management period.
3. The method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and controlling ornamental period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the defoliant is prepared by the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, respectively using a ethephon water agent and thidiazuron powder, adding water to prepare a ethephon mother solution with the concentration of 4000ppm and a thidiazuron mother solution with the concentration of 2000ppm, and then measuring the ethephon mother solution and the thidiazuron mother solution with the same volume to obtain the defoliant.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the ethephon mother liquor is prepared by adding ethephon aqua and diluting with water.
5. The method for removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and controlling ornamental period according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the container for preparing ethephon mother liquor, defoliant and the sprayer for spraying defoliant are cleaned 3-5 times in advance.
6. The method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of the aceraceous plant and regulating the ornamental period as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying of the defoliant, the monopotassium phosphate and the alien sugar is performed with a spray nozzle 20-30 cm away from the leaves.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 10000 ppm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the alien sugar is sucrose at a concentration of 1000 ppm.
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| CN202010922144.8A CN111990105A (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2020-09-04 | Method for efficiently removing diseased leaves of aceraceous plants and regulating and controlling ornamental period |
| AU2020104077A AU2020104077A4 (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-14 | Method for removing diseased leaves and regulating ornamental period of aceraceae plant |
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| CN114916360B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-07-14 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Cone flowering phase regulating and controlling method |
| CN114711143B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-08-08 | 东北林业大学 | Method for asexually and rapidly propagating Acer ginnala Maxim seedlings through tissue culture |
| CN115443836A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-09 | 东北林业大学 | Greenhouse flowering phase intelligent regulation and control system based on internet of things technology |
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