CN103460962B - Method for germinating winter buds of mulberry in advance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for germinating winter buds of a mulberry in advance and belongs to the technical field of cultivation. The method comprises the supporting measures of dormancy promotion, mulberry tip sealing and pruning, disease and pest injury prevention, water and fertilizer management, coating of a dormancy breaking agent, bud thinning, spraying of a leaf fertilizer and the like. The method is simple, easy to learn and low in cost; special greenhouse facilities are not needed; a late maturing mulberry planted in a southern seasonal arid region where the winter temperature is higher and the average winter temperature is not lower than 15 DEG C can be germinated in advance by over 20 days, an early maturing mulberry can be germinated in advance by 8 to 10 days, mulberries are matured and put into the market in advance by 10 to 15 days, the spring yield of mulberry leaves is improved by 40 to 50 percent, the yield of the mulberries is improved by 20 percent, and the method has a great economic benefit.

Description

A kind of method that mulberry tree hibernaculum sprouts ahead of time

one, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method that mulberry tree hibernaculum sprouts ahead of time, belong to mulberry cultivation technical field.Be adapted at the southern seasonal drought Zai Sang district application that winter temperature is higher.

two, background technology

Mulberry tree is perennial fallen leaves woody plant, is that silkworm can complete its unique feed from generation to generation smoothly, is the material base of Silk Industry.The rule of growing himself of mulberry tree, is also subject to environment and artificial impact, by research, understands and grasp the growth-development law of mulberry tree, and regulate and control environment and impact that people is measure, be the vital task of mulberry cultivation.

Affected by seasonal climate, mulberry tree is carrying out regularly germinateing and is branching out, fall leaves the periodicity physiological activity of dormancy, in 1 year while, inside and outside plant corpus, a series of variations all will occur.The morning and evening of leaf is opened in mulberry tree rudiment has substantial connection with the length of resting stage, breediness and local climate condition.It is generally acknowledged that when spring temperature reaches more than 12 DEG C, leaf is opened in mulberry tree rudiment; In the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, below mercury dropped to 12 DEG C, mulberry tree stops growing, and blade Huang falls, and enters resting state.

The most Zai Sang in Yunnan district's frost-free season is long, and mulberry tree resting stage is short, and winter-spring season is often the seasonal drought phase.In the normal time, early maturing mulberry kind is germinateed the first tenday period of a month in February, but late maturing variety germination takes slow more than 30 days, and this is rarely found in other area.Taking No. 14, the wider farming and sericulture of national cultivated area and "Hur" mulberry No. 32 as example, farming and sericulture be for No. 14 early to give birth to medium variety, and "Hur" mulberry is for No. 32 I's late variety, in area, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, No. 14 sprouting time of farming and sericulture are mid-March, after 4～5 days, No. 32 rudiments of "Hur" mulberry, the time is separated by shorter.And in the sprouting time of these two kinds of some areas, Yunnan, No. 14 sprouting time of farming and sericulture are at the beginning of by the end of January or 2 months, "Hur" mulberry No. 32 is at the beginning of by the end of February or 3 months, and the normal time will differ nearly 30 days, and some times even can differ the time of 2 months nearly.Directly cause the product of blade assimilation to reduce, then cause the underproduction in mulberry field, reduce silkworm raiser's income.

Except mulberry leaf are used for breeding silkworms, mulberries are also products for mulberry tree, but for many years always as the accessory substance of breeding silkworms, are well utilized.The traditional Chinese medical science thinks that mulberries are improved skin (comprising scalp) blood supply, and nutrition skin makes the effects such as the delicate and Wu Fa of skin, and can delay senility.Normal food mulberry fruit can improving eyesight, the symptom that relieving eye strain is dry and astringent.Can promote the growth of erythrocyte, prevent that leucocyte from reducing, and the illnesss such as treatment diabetes, anaemia, hypertension, high fat of blood, coronary heart disease, neurasthenia are had to auxiliary effect simultaneously.

In view of the higher nutritive value of above mulberries, start gradually in recent years to be favored by people.But because mulberries phase of bearing fruit is short, not resistance to storage, transport, be difficult to carry out the exploitation of industrialization again, so extend bearing fruit the phase of mulberries, will certainly produce higher economic benefit.

three, summary of the invention

technical problem

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that mulberry tree germinates ahead of time, the mulberry tree of the southern seasonal drought district plantation that temperature is higher is in the winter time germinateed ahead of time, mulberries are listing ahead of time, and improves the output of mulberry leaf and mulberries, produces higher economic benefit.

technical scheme

The method that mulberry tree hibernaculum sprouts ahead of time, is characterized in that:

1) promote dormancy: the southern seasonal drought district of mean temperature of air >=15 DEG C in the winter time, mid or late November carries out full tree with 40% ethrel of 2000 times of liquid to mulberry tree and sprays, and promotion mulberry leaf come off, and make mulberry tree enter in advance resting stage; Every mu sprays the about 10-20kg of liquid;

2) the mulberry tree envelope tip and pruning: late December, at the above 30cm of mulberry fist place top clipping, pares off weak branch, the branch of lying on one's side simultaneously;

3) extermination of disease and insect pest: 2-3 days after the envelope tip, sprays trunk and ground with 1000 times of liquid of insecticide methamidophos and 2000 times of liquid of pyraclostrobin that the longevity of residure is grown; Every mu sprays liquid 10-12kg;

4) water and fertilizer management: mix thoroughly with the fertilizer of using with borax 500g and water-loss reducer SAP 5kg, by ditching or digging and spread manuer in holes in mulberry tree root soil, then water sufficient moisture for every mu;

5) smear chemicals for breaking dormancy: envelope the tip after 5 days, the hibernaculum of smearing branch on mulberry tree fist with the 50% cyanamide solution of 10 times;

6) bud thinning and spray foliage fertilizer: in the time that sprouting grows to 6-8 sheet leaf, dredge and remove weak bud, overstocked bud and three leaves, healthy and strong young sprout 12-15 branch is stayed in every strain, sprays young sprout blade face 2-3 time by quality than the urea liquid of concentration 0.5%, every spray in 5-7 days 1 time, promote the growth of bud-leaf.

The harvesting of mulberry leaf, mulberries, and to cut down, impose the fields such as the extermination of disease and insect pest in summer fertilizer, summer and autumn mulberry field movable identical with routine the mulberry tree summer.

beneficial effect

1 germinates more than 20 days late maturing variety ahead of time, and the early maturing mulberry 8-10 days that germinates ahead of time, has strengthened the photosynthesis of the mulberry tree whole year, makes the leaf yield in mulberry tree spring improve 40-50%;

2 make mulberries shift to an earlier date listing in 10-15 days, with the supporting plantation of fruit mulberry of Routine Management, have extended approximately 15 days phases of bearing fruit of mulberries, and have made output improve 20% left and right, remarkable in economical benefits.

four, brief description of the drawings

No. 32 germination regulating effects of Fig. 1 late maturing variety "Hur" mulberry

No. 14 germination regulating effects of Fig. 2 early maturing mulberry farming and sericulture

Fig. 3 mulberry tree is pruned schematic diagram

Branch 5, hibernaculum in figure 1, after trunk 2, branch 3, mulberry fist 4, top clipping

five, embodiment

1) promote dormancy: the most Zai Sang in Yunnan district's frost-free season is long, mulberry tree fallen leaves are more late, some mulberry tree breed is even without resting stage, so with 40% ethrel of 2000 times of liquid, mulberry tree being carried out to full tree in mid or late November sprays, promote that mulberry leaf come off, make mulberry tree enter in advance resting stage, every mu sprays liquid 10-20kg.

2) the mulberry tree envelope tip and pruning: late December is carried out the heavy pruning tip at the above 30cm of mulberry fist place to mulberry tree pares off weak branch, the branch of lying on one's side simultaneously, and the branch of cutting is picked to mulberry field, as without other use, concentrates and burns, to kill insect residual on branch and ovum.

3) extermination of disease and insect pest: after the envelope tip, spray trunk and ground in fine day with 1000 times of liquid of insecticide methamidophos and 2000 times of liquid of pyraclostrobin that the longevity of residure is grown, spray early, to guarantee silkworm in spring raising safety.

4) water and fertilizer management: apply fertilizer mainly taking farmyard manure as main winter, and in the fertilizer of every mu, mix borax 500g and water-loss reducer SAP 5kg; In the wider and more smooth mulberry field of Planting Row Distance, can use tractor trench digging, dig 2-3 hole in mulberry tree surrounding in the mulberry field that planting density is larger, more than hole will reach 20cm deeply, visible mulberry root, applies fertilizer in ditch or in hole, with soil covering, in order to avoid fertilizer efficiency runs off, then once water sufficient moisture.

5) smear chemicals for breaking dormancy: envelope the tip after 5 days, with the dormancy awakening chemical ongrape of 10 times---the hibernaculum that 50% cyanamide solution is smeared branch on mulberry tree fist.

The regulating effect that 50% cyanamide solution variable concentrations germinates for No. 32 to "Hur" mulberry

The impact of the different usings method of 10 times of 50% cyanamide on hibernaculum germination rate

Using method	Branch one bud, two bud germination rates
		Dip in solution with writing brush and smear successively branch hibernaculum	96.8%
Branch is sprayed with watering can	53.2%
		Only dipping in solution with writing brush smears a bud, two buds	0% sprout inhibition

6) bud thinning and spray foliage fertilizer: in the time that sprouting grows to 6-8 sheet leaf, dredge and remove weak bud, overstocked bud and three leaves, healthy and strong young sprout 12-15 branch is stayed in every strain, sprays young sprout blade face 2-3 time with 0.5% urea liquid, sprays 1 time, to promote the growth of bud-leaf every 5-7 days.

7) it is movable identical with routine that the fields such as the extermination of disease and insect pest in summer fertilizer, summer and autumn mulberry field are cut down, imposed to the harvesting of mulberry leaf, mulberries, and the mulberry tree summer.

8) effect: late maturing variety is germinateed more than 20 days ahead of time, and the early maturing mulberry 8-10 days that germinates ahead of time, has strengthened the photosynthesis of the mulberry tree whole year, makes the leaf yield in mulberry tree spring improve 40-50%; Make mulberries shift to an earlier date listing in 10-15 days, with the supporting plantation of fruit mulberry of Routine Management, extended approximately 15 days phases of bearing fruit of mulberries, and made output improve 20% left and right, remarkable in economical benefits.

Use the impact of different mulberry tree breed leaf yields and fruit yield after this inventive method

Claims (1)

1. the method that mulberry tree hibernaculum sprouts ahead of time, is characterized in that:

1) promote dormancy: the southern seasonal drought district of mean temperature of air >=15 DEG C in the winter time, mid or late November carries out full tree with 40% ethrel of 2000 times of liquid to mulberry tree and sprays, and promotion mulberry leaf come off, and make mulberry tree enter in advance resting stage; Every mu sprays liquid 10-20kg;

2) the mulberry tree envelope tip and pruning: late December, at the above 30cm of mulberry fist place top clipping, pares off weak branch, the branch of lying on one's side simultaneously;

3) extermination of disease and insect pest: 2-3 days after the envelope tip, sprays trunk and ground with 1000 times of liquid of insecticide methamidophos and 2000 times of liquid of pyraclostrobin that the longevity of residure is grown; Every mu sprays liquid 10-12kg;

4) water and fertilizer management: mix thoroughly with the fertilizer of using with borax 500g and water-loss reducer SAP 5kg, by ditching or digging and spread manuer in holes in mulberry tree root soil, then water sufficient moisture for every mu;

5) smear chemicals for breaking dormancy: envelope the tip after 5 days, the hibernaculum of smearing branch on mulberry tree fist with the 50% cyanamide solution of 10 times;

6) bud thinning and spray foliage fertilizer: in the time that sprouting grows to 6-8 sheet leaf, dredge and remove weak bud, overstocked bud and three leaves, healthy and strong young sprout 12-15 branch is stayed in every strain, sprays young sprout blade face 2-3 time by quality than the urea liquid of concentration 0.5%, every spray in 5-7 days 1 time, promote the growth of bud-leaf.