CN105557425B - A kind of method of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness with multiple spot grafting bearing basal shoot - Google Patents
A kind of method of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness with multiple spot grafting bearing basal shoot Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557425B CN105557425B CN201510951933.3A CN201510951933A CN105557425B CN 105557425 B CN105557425 B CN 105557425B CN 201510951933 A CN201510951933 A CN 201510951933A CN 105557425 B CN105557425 B CN 105557425B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G2003/005—Removing buds
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The method for grafting bearing basal shoot with multiple spot the present invention relates to Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness, including：(1) management and (eight) pest control procedures after field selection, (two) Root-stock selection, (three) scion selection, (four) scion storage, (five) grafting period, (six) grafting main points, (seven) connect.The present invention carries out the grafting of quality results mother branch by using Chinese chestnut baldness band, it is rapid to enrich interior thorax, practicality easy to operate, reciprocation cycle is short, the purpose of stable high yield is can reach, by the way that baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot cortex grafting is taken to graft, Chestnut Orchard is then with regard to result, and 3 years total yield may be up to 564.48kg after grafting, and have important application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree grafting field more particularly to a kind of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness with multiple spot grafting bearing basal shoot
Method.
Background technology
Chinese chestnut is Fagaceae Castanea, native to China, is distributed in Vietnam, TaiWan, China and CONTINENTAL AREA OF CHINA.
Chinese chestnut is that one of earliest fruit tree is cultivated in China, the cultivation history for about having 2000~3000 years.At present, China Chinese chestnut growing surface
Product there are about 18,000,000 mu, being distributed widely in the whole nation has a province (area, city) more than 20, be concentrated mainly on Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Hubei,
The ground such as Anhui, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Guangxi, Beijing.
The grains such as Castanea mollissima Nut rich in nutrition content, wherein content of starch and rice, flour are close, and protein is near with flour
Like and 1 times higher than sweet potato or more, fat higher than rice, 2 times of flour, amino acid content is 1.5 times higher than corn, flour, rice,
Vitamin C is 5~10 times higher than fruit such as apple, pears, peaches, and also containing mineral matter elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium.
China is Chinese chestnut production and big export country, and gross annual output amount is 580,000 tons, and annual export volume is about 250,000 tons, domestic Chinese chestnut
With kind is excellent, color it is gorgeous it is sweet in flavor, the puckery skin of nut is easily peelable and is suitable for the unique shapes such as processing and is valued by common people, in state
Border is known as " oriental peral " or " Gan Li " in the market, and market prospects are very wide.But China's Chinese chestnut average yield per mu only 46 is public
The main reason for jin or so, Low-yielding Chinese Chestnut Plantations is that improved variety degree is low, and more than 70% chestnut wood is the non-breeding standing forest that grows directly from seeds.It is and high
Chestnut wood per mu yield Chinese chestnut is produced up to 250 kilograms or so, the huge yield potential of low production forest and benefit are not played, therefore low
It is extremely urgent to produce woods transformation.
Existing research realizes the volume increase of Chinese chestnut by the way of grafting at present, such as CN105075681A discloses one kind
The engrafting method of Chinese chestnut tree, its step are as follows：Step 1, the preparation before grafting：(1) it is 1.5- that stock, which chooses Chinese chestnut sapling rugosity,
1.8 centimetres, from the ground upper 20 centimeters section, do stock；(2) composite fertilizer is applied to stock to the management autumn of stock；(3) scion
The section no more than 0.5 centimeter length is selected to do scion to section Chinese chestnut；Step 2, grafting is when ready 0.5 centimetre of stock rudiment
Shi Jinhang is grafted；Step 3, by the exposed section of varnish application scion and interface；Step 4 manages after connecing；Step 5, after surviving
Management.This method is the exposed section interface that scion is coated in varnish to the water-retaining method of grafting, and this method can be very good
The evaporation of grafting twig moisture is reduced, the pest and disease damage in grafting procedures is effectively prevented, so as to improve the survival rate of grafting, especially exists
Summer and autumn high temperature season is especially pronounced when grafting.
CN104737828A discloses a kind of engrafting method of the embedding branch of Chinese chestnut, when stock or treelet reach the standard of grafting,
It is grafted, engrafting method includes scion, two knife graftings, grafting management then, wipes out pillar step living.Due to nursery
The nursery stock on ground and the cortex of planting treelet are thin, are grafted using the method for embedding branch, can effectively protect limb cortex, method letter
It is prompt, practical, survival rate is high, this method removes coppice shoot or the bud picking early that limb after grafting occurs in time, reduces sap nutrient
Loss, grafting bud is made to grow vigorously.Such method, which is particularly suitable for nursery lot, which cultivates grafting and planting treelet Chestnut Orchard, makes
With, it can also be used on the relatively thin limb of the big tree epithelial layer of the Chinese chestnut that grows up during the graft seedling growth of grafting and other fruit trees.
Although above-mentioned technology realizes the volume increase of Chinese chestnut, however, since yield of Chestnut on Mountain Slope is based on peripheral fruit branch result, interior thorax
Inanition, the excessive no fruitful branch of skeleton branch baldness band or fruitful branch quantity seldom cause yield of Chestnut on Mountain Slope yield relatively low, only using upper
Stating graft technology can not realize that Chinese chestnut is increased production well.Therefore, how for a kind of raising Chinese chestnut yield of the Study on Problems
Method is current urgent problem to be solved.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness with multiple spot grafting bearing basal shoot
Method carries out the grafting of quality results mother branch by using Chinese chestnut baldness band, can graft and get bumper crops then then, rapid to enrich interior thorax,
Practicality easy to operate, reciprocation cycle is short, achievees the purpose that stable high yield, and this method is suitable for yield of Chestnut on Mountain Slope dense planting, low-quality, low yield
Garden high and stable yield.
For this purpose, present invention employs following technical schemes：
The present invention provides a kind of method of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness with multiple spot grafting bearing basal shoot, comprise the following steps：
(1) field selects
The requirement of Chinese chestnut garden soil is fertile, loose ventilative, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong, dirty away from highway, factories and miness and industry
The mountainous region or level land of house refuse are contaminated, have, for pH value in the range of 6.5~7.5, average temperature of the whole year is 8.6 DEG C, annual frost-free period
180 days or more；
(2) Root-stock selection
No disease and pests harm, 5~10 years raw Chinese chestnut skeleton branches are selected as graft stock；
(3) scion selects
The maturity period is early, resistance is strong, production stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, gathers scion on the Chinese chestnut elite stand that has no mechanical damage；
(4) scion is stored
Storage practice of sealing with wax is taken, heating paraffin is dissolved, scion is placed in the paraffin of fusing and is stained with wax, finishes writing mark,
It avoids air-drying, spreads wet cloth, be put into spare in cellar for storing things；
(5) grafting period
It sprouts in stock sprout to expanding without being grafted during lamina；
(6) main points are grafted
Scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 6~7cm, the peltate of 0.5cm or so is whittled into bevel lower backside；It is setting
The skeleton branch both sides of body, every 20~30cm, alternately spiral digging crescent shaped cuttings slot, then indulges partial application, in T-shaped, will cut
In good scion bevel insertion cortex, finally interface is bandaged with plastic strip, it is ensured that interface position does not interspace, after surviving and
When erase interface rudiment；
(7) managed after connecing；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
In step (2) of the present invention, the Root-stock selection low yield, the skeleton branch baldness band of High Density Planting Orchard of Chestnut inferior are used as and transfer
Connect stock.
In step (3) of the present invention, the kind of the scion is that the Yanshan Mountain is early rich or swallow is golden.
Preferably, in step (3) of the present invention, the scion is that full sprout quantity is 4~5, length for 15~
20cm, no disease and pests harm, the bearing basal shoot having no mechanical damage.
In step (4) of the present invention, the temperature of the heating paraffin dissolving is no more than 85 DEG C.
Preferably, in step (4) of the present invention, described be placed on scion in the paraffin of fusing is stained with the wax time no more than 1s, with
It is non-ironing to hinder sprout.
In step (5) of the present invention, when grafting period selection peach blossom is in full bloom or mid or late April is grafted.
The specific period grafted in the present invention is to sprout in stock sprout to expanding, during without lamina or peach blossom in full bloom into
Row, Yanshan Region, North can probably be grafted in mid or late April, and temperature raises at this time, and sap flowing, forming layer is active, and bark is easy-peel
From high graft survival rate.If grafting is too early, temperature is low, and scion is long in the external exposed time, influences survival rate.Grafting time
Too late, stock lamina, temperature is high at this time, although healing is fast, survival rate is also high, and stock has consumed a large amount of battalion in lamina
It supports, increment is small after grafting survival, and branch growing way is weak, prolongs after causing fruiting period, influences to carry out annual output.
In step (6) of the present invention, the scion is without cutting；To the stock without cut anvil, retain original trunk
Top fruitful branch carries out result.
The present invention of smooth ramp length be whittled into to(for) scion lower end and big in the peltate that bevel lower backside is whittled into
Spacing distance small, that crescent shaped cuttings slot is dug in the skeleton branch both sides of tree body alternating spiral is selected, to Relationship between Graft Effect
It has a major impact, finally influences whether the yield size of Chinese chestnut.
In step (7) of the present invention, it is described connect after manage and include：
(1) sprout tillers is removed：Sprout tillers is removed after surviving in time, the larger place of limb exposed position in the south retains some and sprouts
Tiller, in order to avoid limb day is caused to burn；
(2) half solution bondage：When young sprout grows to 30cm, retain 1/3 plastic strip, release lower part bondage, it is windproof with profit；
(3) male, florescence spray fertilizer is dredged：Manually the 90~95% of thin emasculation inflorescence total amount, the crown that leaves tree portion or outlying position
Male inflorescence 5~10%, mixed inflorescence all retain；Before florescence selection fine day calm at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, spray
+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% boric acid is applied, sprayed every 7 days 1 time, sprays 3 times altogether；
(4) Pan Waiyuantiaogou fertilisings, watering are set：Width 20cm, the dressing furrow of depth 25cm are dug along tree disk edge, 5kg ecologies are had
Machine fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch and earthing, waters when taking slight irrigation mode drought；
(5) autumn cutting back：2~3 days before the beginning of autumn, grafting young sprout is when growing to 30~50cm long, grafts on young sprout raw chestnut
More than Peng Chu stays 3~5 full buds, by end pin cutting back；There is no the young sprout of Li Peng, rise in grafting young sprout base portion and protected at most full bud
4~6 full buds are stayed, by end pin cutting back；
(6) winter pruning：Taking fruit-bearing shoot cluster, newer pruning method is managed in turn, High Density Planting Orchard remove overstocked branch and
Branch is overlapped, the excessively prosperous branch of cutting back, sick branch and useless branch using golden mean of the Confucian school branch as a result, opening light path, make branch inside and outside tree crown prosperous strong,
Tree body up and down light, tree crown is compact, inside and outside as a result, tree crown extension is slow；
(7) spring trims：Before germination drawing branch is carried out to growing long excessively prosperous upright branch, 65 °~70 ° of branch angle,
And wound is alternately carved at the full buds of 20~25cm in branch back, all weak buds of erasing after germination focus on nutrient full
On bud, result branch is formed；
(8) summer pruning：The invalid branch of baby's branch and fruit branch base portion that thorax is excessive in the removing of alternation renewal pruning method is taken,
Pinching is carried out to the young sprout of over growth.
In step (8) of the present invention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes：Utilize light, insect sticker, insect-sticking plate, gyplure, sugar
Vinegar liquid, machinery, artificial capture method or grass bundle insect-killing trapping.
As preferred technical solution, the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) field selects
The requirement of Chinese chestnut garden soil is fertile, loose ventilative, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong, dirty away from highway, factories and miness and industry
The mountainous region or level land of house refuse are contaminated, have, for pH value in the range of 6.5~7.5, average temperature of the whole year is 8.6 DEG C, annual frost-free period
180 days or more；
(2) Root-stock selection
No disease and pests harm, 5~10 years raw low yields, the skeleton branch baldness band of High Density Planting Orchard of Chestnut inferior are selected as grafting anvil
Wood；
(3) scion selects
The maturity period is early, resistance is strong, production stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, gathers scion on the Chinese chestnut elite stand that has no mechanical damage；
The kind of the scion is the kind that the Yanshan Mountain is early rich or the maturity periods such as swallow is golden are early, resistance is strong；The scion is full sprout number
It measures as 4~5, length is 15~20cm, no disease and pests harm, the bearing basal shoot having no mechanical damage；
(4) scion is stored
Storage practice of sealing with wax is taken, heating paraffin is dissolved, temperature is no more than 85 DEG C；Scion is placed in the paraffin of fusing
Wax is stained with, the wax time is stained with no more than 1s, finishes writing mark, avoid air-drying, spread wet cloth, be put into spare in cellar for storing things；
(5) grafting period
It sprouts in stock sprout to expanding without being grafted during lamina；
(6) main points are grafted
Scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 6~7cm, the peltate of 0.5cm or so is whittled into bevel lower backside, not into
Row is cut；To the stock without cut anvil, retain original trunk top fruitful branch carry out as a result, tree body skeleton branch two
Side, every 20~30cm, alternately spiral digging crescent shaped cuttings slot, then indulges partial application, in T-shaped, the scion bevel that will have been cut
It is inserted into cortex, is finally bandaged interface with plastic strip, it is ensured that interface position does not interspace, interface of erasing in time after surviving
Rudiment；
(7) managed after connecing
(1) sprout tillers is removed：Sprout tillers is removed after surviving in time, the larger place of limb exposed position in the south retains some and sprouts
Tiller, in order to avoid limb day is caused to burn；
(2) half solution bondage：When young sprout grows to 30cm, retain 1/3 plastic strip, release lower part bondage, it is windproof with profit；
(3) male, florescence spray fertilizer is dredged：Manually the 90~95% of thin emasculation inflorescence total amount, the crown that leaves tree portion or outlying position
Male inflorescence 5~10%, mixed inflorescence all retain；Before florescence selection fine day calm at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, spray
+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% boric acid is applied, sprayed every 7 days 1 time, sprays 3 times altogether；
(4) Pan Waiyuantiaogou fertilisings, watering are set：Width 20cm, the dressing furrow of depth 25cm are dug along tree disk edge, 5kg ecologies are had
Machine fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch and earthing, waters when taking slight irrigation mode drought；
(5) autumn cutting back：2~3 days before the beginning of autumn, grafting young sprout is when growing to 30~50cm long, grafts on young sprout raw chestnut
More than Peng Chu stays 3~5 full buds, by end pin cutting back；There is no the young sprout of Li Peng, rise in grafting young sprout base portion and protected at most full bud
4~6 full buds are stayed, by end pin cutting back；
(6) winter pruning：Taking fruit-bearing shoot cluster, newer pruning method is managed in turn, High Density Planting Orchard remove overstocked branch and
Branch is overlapped, the excessively prosperous branch of cutting back, sick branch and useless branch using golden mean of the Confucian school branch as a result, opening light path, make branch inside and outside tree crown prosperous strong,
Tree body up and down light, tree crown is compact, inside and outside as a result, tree crown extension is slow；
(7) spring trims：Before germination drawing branch is carried out to growing long excessively prosperous upright branch, 65 °~70 ° of branch angle,
And wound is alternately carved at the full buds of 20~25cm in branch back, all weak buds of erasing after germination focus on nutrient full
On bud, result branch is formed；
(8) summer pruning：The invalid branch of baby's branch and fruit branch base portion that thorax is excessive in the removing of alternation renewal pruning method is taken,
Pinching is carried out to the young sprout of over growth；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Utilize light, insect sticker, insect-sticking plate, gyplure, sugar-vinegar liquid, machinery, artificial capture method or grass bundle insect-killing trapping.
Compared with prior art, the present invention at least has the advantages that：
1st, the rich graft technology of baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot speed provided by the invention, it is easy to operate, it is applied widely,
On the premise of cut anvil does not retain top bearing basal shoot, the precocious high-quality Chinese chestnut scion of selection makes full use of interior thorax skeleton branch baldness empty
Between, it is alternately grafted every 20~30cm, the flower and fruit managements such as alternation renewal pruning technology and rational fertilizer and water management is taken after connecing
It is made to graft then then as a result, high and stable yield is high, economic benefit is notable with ecological benefits；
2nd, by taking the baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot cortex grafting engrafting method of the present invention, Chestnut Orchard grafting then can
As a result, and 3 years total yield may be up to 564.48kg after grafting, there is important application value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Chinese chestnut tree after turn of the screw grafting using the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the Chestnut Orchard of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch waist grafting bearing basal shoot method using the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further explained.These embodiments are interpreted as being only used for
It is bright the present invention rather than limit the scope of the invention.After the content of the invention recorded has been read, art technology
Personnel can make the present invention various changes or modification, these equivalence changes and modification equally fall into the claims in the present invention and limited
Fixed scope.
Embodiment 1：
(1) field selects
The requirement of Chinese chestnut garden soil is fertile, loose ventilative, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong, dirty away from highway, factories and miness and industry
The mountainous region or level land of house refuse are contaminated, have, for pH value in the range of 6.5~7.5, average temperature of the whole year is 8.6 DEG C, annual frost-free period
180 days or more；
(2) Root-stock selection
No disease and pests harm, 5 years raw low yields, the skeleton branch baldness band of High Density Planting Orchard of Chestnut inferior are selected as graft stock；
(3) scion selects
The maturity period is early, resistance is strong, production stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, gathers scion on the Chinese chestnut elite stand that has no mechanical damage；
The kind of the scion is the Yanshan Mountain early rich kind；The scion is that full sprout quantity is 4, length 15cm, no disease and pests harm,
The bearing basal shoot having no mechanical damage；
(4) scion is stored
Storage practice of sealing with wax is taken, heating paraffin is dissolved, temperature is no more than 85 DEG C；Scion is placed in the paraffin of fusing
Wax is stained with, the wax time is stained with no more than 1s, finishes writing mark, avoid air-drying, spread wet cloth, be put into spare in cellar for storing things；
(5) grafting period
It sprouts in stock sprout to expanding without being grafted during lamina；
(6) graft
Scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 7cm, the peltate of 0.5cm is whittled into bevel lower backside, without cutting；
To the stock without cut anvil, retain original trunk top fruitful branch and carry out as a result, in the skeleton branch both sides of tree body, every
25cm, alternately spiral digging crescent shaped cuttings slot, then indulges partial application, and in T-shaped, the scion bevel cut is inserted into cortex,
Finally interface is bandaged with plastic strip, it is ensured that interface position does not interspace, interface rudiment of erasing in time after surviving；
(7) managed after connecing
(1) sprout tillers is removed：Sprout tillers is removed after surviving in time, the larger place of limb exposed position in the south retains some and sprouts
Tiller, in order to avoid limb day is caused to burn；
(2) half solution bondage：When young sprout grows to 30cm, retain 1/3 plastic strip, release lower part bondage, it is windproof with profit；
(3) male, florescence spray fertilizer is dredged：Manually the 90~95% of thin emasculation inflorescence total amount, the crown that leaves tree portion or outlying position
Male inflorescence 5~10%, mixed inflorescence all retain；Before florescence selection fine day calm at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, spray
+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% boric acid is applied, sprayed every 7 days 1 time, sprays 3 times altogether；
(4) Pan Waiyuantiaogou fertilisings, watering are set：Width 20cm, the dressing furrow of depth 25cm are dug along tree disk edge, 5kg ecologies are had
Machine fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch and earthing, waters when taking slight irrigation mode drought；
(5) autumn cutting back：2~3 days before the beginning of autumn, grafting young sprout is when growing to 30~50cm long, grafts on young sprout raw chestnut
More than Peng Chu stays 3~5 full buds, by end pin cutting back；There is no the young sprout of Li Peng, rise in grafting young sprout base portion and protected at most full bud
4~6 full buds are stayed, by end pin cutting back；
(6) winter pruning：Taking fruit-bearing shoot cluster, newer pruning method is managed in turn, High Density Planting Orchard remove overstocked branch and
Branch is overlapped, the excessively prosperous branch of cutting back, sick branch and useless branch using golden mean of the Confucian school branch as a result, opening light path, make branch inside and outside tree crown prosperous strong,
Tree body up and down light, tree crown is compact, inside and outside as a result, tree crown extension is slow；
(7) spring trims：Before germination drawing branch is carried out to growing long excessively prosperous upright branch, 65 °~70 ° of branch angle,
And wound is alternately carved at the full buds of 20~25cm in branch back, all weak buds of erasing after germination focus on nutrient full
On bud, result branch is formed；
(8) summer pruning：The invalid branch of baby's branch and fruit branch base portion that thorax is excessive in the removing of alternation renewal pruning method is taken,
Pinching is carried out to the young sprout of over growth；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Utilize light, insect sticker, insect-sticking plate, gyplure, sugar-vinegar liquid, machinery, artificial capture method or grass bundle insect-killing trapping.
Embodiment 2：
(1) field selects
The requirement of Chinese chestnut garden soil is fertile, loose ventilative, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong, dirty away from highway, factories and miness and industry
The mountainous region or level land of house refuse are contaminated, have, for pH value in the range of 6.5~7.5, average temperature of the whole year is 8.6 DEG C, annual frost-free period
180 days or more；
(2) Root-stock selection
No disease and pests harm, 5 years raw low yields, the skeleton branch baldness band of High Density Planting Orchard of Chestnut inferior are selected as graft stock；
(3) scion selects
The maturity period is early, resistance is strong, production stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, gathers scion on the Chinese chestnut elite stand that has no mechanical damage；
The kind of the scion is the Yanshan Mountain early rich kind；The scion is that full sprout quantity is 4, length 15cm, no disease and pests harm,
The bearing basal shoot having no mechanical damage；
(4) scion is stored
Storage practice of sealing with wax is taken, heating paraffin is dissolved, temperature is no more than 85 DEG C；Scion is placed in the paraffin of fusing
Wax is stained with, the wax time is stained with no more than 1s, finishes writing mark, avoid air-drying, spread wet cloth, be put into spare in cellar for storing things；
(5) grafting period
It sprouts in stock sprout to expanding without being grafted during lamina；
(6) graft
Scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 6.5cm, the peltate of 0.6cm is whittled into bevel lower backside, without cutting
It cuts；To the stock without cut anvil, retain original trunk top fruitful branch and carry out as a result, in the skeleton branch both sides of tree body, often
Every 23cm, alternately spiral digging crescent shaped cuttings slot, then indulges partial application, and in T-shaped, the scion bevel cut is inserted into cortex
It is interior, finally interface is bandaged with plastic strip, it is ensured that interface position does not interspace, interface rudiment of erasing in time after surviving；
(7) managed after connecing
(1) sprout tillers is removed：Sprout tillers is removed after surviving in time, the larger place of limb exposed position in the south retains some and sprouts
Tiller, in order to avoid limb day is caused to burn；
(2) half solution bondage：When young sprout grows to 30cm, retain 1/3 plastic strip, release lower part bondage, it is windproof with profit；
(3) male, florescence spray fertilizer is dredged：Manually the 90~95% of thin emasculation inflorescence total amount, the crown that leaves tree portion or outlying position
Male inflorescence 5~10%, mixed inflorescence all retain；Before florescence selection fine day calm at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, spray
+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% boric acid is applied, sprayed every 7 days 1 time, sprays 3 times altogether；
(4) Pan Waiyuantiaogou fertilisings, watering are set：Width 20cm, the dressing furrow of depth 25cm are dug along tree disk edge, 5kg ecologies are had
Machine fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch and earthing, waters when taking slight irrigation mode drought；
(5) autumn cutting back：2~3 days before the beginning of autumn, grafting young sprout is when growing to 30~50cm long, grafts on young sprout raw chestnut
More than Peng Chu stays 3~5 full buds, by end pin cutting back；There is no the young sprout of Li Peng, rise in grafting young sprout base portion and protected at most full bud
4~6 full buds are stayed, by end pin cutting back；
(6) winter pruning：Taking fruit-bearing shoot cluster, newer pruning method is managed in turn, High Density Planting Orchard remove overstocked branch and
Branch is overlapped, the excessively prosperous branch of cutting back, sick branch and useless branch using golden mean of the Confucian school branch as a result, opening light path, make branch inside and outside tree crown prosperous strong,
Tree body up and down light, tree crown is compact, inside and outside as a result, tree crown extension is slow；
(7) spring trims：Before germination drawing branch is carried out to growing long excessively prosperous upright branch, 65 °~70 ° of branch angle,
And wound is alternately carved at the full buds of 20~25cm in branch back, all weak buds of erasing after germination focus on nutrient full
On bud, result branch is formed；
(8) summer pruning：The invalid branch of baby's branch and fruit branch base portion that thorax is excessive in the removing of alternation renewal pruning method is taken,
Pinching is carried out to the young sprout of over growth；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Utilize light, insect sticker, insect-sticking plate, gyplure, sugar-vinegar liquid, machinery, artificial capture method or grass bundle insect-killing trapping.
Embodiment 3：
(1) field selects
The requirement of Chinese chestnut garden soil is fertile, loose ventilative, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong, dirty away from highway, factories and miness and industry
The mountainous region or level land of house refuse are contaminated, have, for pH value in the range of 6.5~7.5, average temperature of the whole year is 8.6 DEG C, annual frost-free period
180 days or more；
(2) Root-stock selection
No disease and pests harm, 5 years raw low yields, the skeleton branch baldness band of High Density Planting Orchard of Chestnut inferior are selected as graft stock；
(3) scion selects
The maturity period is early, resistance is strong, production stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, gathers scion on the Chinese chestnut elite stand that has no mechanical damage；
The kind of the scion is the Yanshan Mountain early rich kind；The scion is that full sprout quantity is 4, length 15cm, no disease and pests harm,
The bearing basal shoot having no mechanical damage；
(4) scion is stored
Storage practice of sealing with wax is taken, heating paraffin is dissolved, temperature is no more than 85 DEG C；Scion is placed in the paraffin of fusing
Wax is stained with, the wax time is stained with no more than 1s, finishes writing mark, avoid air-drying, spread wet cloth, be put into spare in cellar for storing things；
(5) grafting period
It sprouts in stock sprout to expanding without being grafted during lamina；
(6) graft
Scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 6cm, the peltate of 0.8cm is whittled into bevel lower backside, without cutting；
To the stock without cut anvil, retain original trunk top fruitful branch and carry out as a result, in the skeleton branch both sides of tree body, every
30cm, alternately spiral digging crescent shaped cuttings slot, then indulges partial application, and in T-shaped, the scion bevel cut is inserted into cortex,
Finally interface is bandaged with plastic strip, it is ensured that interface position does not interspace, interface rudiment of erasing in time after surviving；
(7) managed after connecing
(1) sprout tillers is removed：Sprout tillers is removed after surviving in time, the larger place of limb exposed position in the south retains some and sprouts
Tiller, in order to avoid limb day is caused to burn；
(2) half solution bondage：When young sprout grows to 30cm, retain 1/3 plastic strip, release lower part bondage, it is windproof with profit；
(3) male, florescence spray fertilizer is dredged：Manually the 90~95% of thin emasculation inflorescence total amount, the crown that leaves tree portion or outlying position
Male inflorescence 5~10%, mixed inflorescence all retain；Before florescence selection fine day calm at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, spray
+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% boric acid is applied, sprayed every 7 days 1 time, sprays 3 times altogether；
(4) Pan Waiyuantiaogou fertilisings, watering are set：Width 20cm, the dressing furrow of depth 25cm are dug along tree disk edge, 5kg ecologies are had
Machine fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled into ditch and earthing, waters when taking slight irrigation mode drought；
(5) autumn cutting back：2~3 days before the beginning of autumn, grafting young sprout is when growing to 30~50cm long, grafts on young sprout raw chestnut
More than Peng Chu stays 3~5 full buds, by end pin cutting back；There is no the young sprout of Li Peng, rise in grafting young sprout base portion and protected at most full bud
4~6 full buds are stayed, by end pin cutting back；
(6) winter pruning：Taking fruit-bearing shoot cluster, newer pruning method is managed in turn, High Density Planting Orchard remove overstocked branch and
Branch is overlapped, the excessively prosperous branch of cutting back, sick branch and useless branch using golden mean of the Confucian school branch as a result, opening light path, make branch inside and outside tree crown prosperous strong,
Tree body up and down light, tree crown is compact, inside and outside as a result, tree crown extension is slow；
(7) spring trims：Before germination drawing branch is carried out to growing long excessively prosperous upright branch, 65 °~70 ° of branch angle,
And wound is alternately carved at the full buds of 20~25cm in branch back, all weak buds of erasing after germination focus on nutrient full
On bud, result branch is formed；
(8) summer pruning：The invalid branch of baby's branch and fruit branch base portion that thorax is excessive in the removing of alternation renewal pruning method is taken,
Pinching is carried out to the young sprout of over growth；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Utilize light, insect sticker, insect-sticking plate, gyplure, sugar-vinegar liquid, machinery, artificial capture method or grass bundle insect-killing trapping.
In identical land occupation condition, the identical age of tree, identical tree vigo(u)r, same breed scion, different graft technologies are taken,
Chestnut fruitful branch, yield after docking in 3 years carry out investigation ratio, and the results are shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, the engrafting method of embodiment 1-3 is taken then just as a result, 3 years total yield may be up to after grafting
564.48kg, and the grafting of other engrafting methods does not have yield every year with second then, benefit is very notable.
Table 1
Remarks：Kind is early rich for the Yanshan Mountain, and seeding row spacing 2*4, stock age of tree 6-7 are raw.
It can be seen from above-described embodiment that the baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot cortex grafting grafting side by taking the present invention
Method, Chestnut Orchard grafting then can as a result, and graft after 3 years total yield may be up to 564.48kg, have important application
Value.
Applicant states that the present invention illustrates the detailed process equipment of the present invention and technological process by above-described embodiment,
But the invention is not limited in above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technological processes, that is, it is above-mentioned detailed not mean that the present invention has to rely on
Process equipment and technological process could be implemented.Person of ordinary skill in the field it will be clearly understood that any improvement in the present invention,
The addition of equivalence replacement and auxiliary element to each raw material of product of the present invention, selection of concrete mode etc. all fall within the present invention's
Within protection domain and the open scope.
Claims (10)
1. method of a kind of Chinese chestnut skeleton branch baldness with multiple spot grafting bearing basal shoot, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
(1) field selects
The requirement of Chinese chestnut garden soil is fertile, loose ventilative, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong, away from highway, factories and miness and industrial pollution, has
The mountainous region or level land of house refuse, pH value in the range of 6.5~7.5, average temperature of the whole year be 8.6 DEG C, annual 180 days frost-free periods with
On；
(2) Root-stock selection
No disease and pests harm, 5~10 years raw Chinese chestnut skeleton branches are selected as graft stock；
(3) scion selects
The maturity period is early, resistance is strong, robust growth, no disease and pests harm, gathers scion on the Chinese chestnut elite stand that has no mechanical damage；
(4) scion is stored
Storage practice of sealing with wax is taken, heating paraffin is dissolved, scion is placed in the paraffin of fusing and is stained with wax, mark is finished writing, avoids
It air-dries, spreads wet cloth, be put into spare in cellar for storing things；
(5) grafting period
It sprouts in stock sprout to expanding without being grafted during lamina；
(6) main points are grafted
Scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 6~7cm, the peltate of 0.5~0.8cm is whittled into bevel lower backside；In tree body
Skeleton branch both sides, every 20~30cm, alternately spiral digs crescent shaped cuttings slot, then indulges partial application, in T-shaped, will cut
Scion bevel insertion cortex in, finally interface is bandaged with plastic strip, it is ensured that interface position does not interspace, survive after in time
It erases interface rudiment；
(7) managed after connecing, including：
(1) sprout tillers is removed：Sprout tillers is removed after surviving in time, the larger place of limb exposed position in the south retains some sprout tillers, with
Exempt from that limb day is caused to burn；
(2) half solution bondage：When young sprout grows to 30cm, retain 1/3 plastic strip, release lower part bondage, it is windproof with profit；
(3) male, florescence spray fertilizer is dredged：The hero at manually the 90~95% of thin emasculation inflorescence total amount, the crown that leaves tree portion or outlying position
Inflorescence 5~10%, mixed inflorescence all retain；Before florescence selection fine day calm at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, spray
+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% boric acid was sprayed 1 time every 7 days, sprayed 3 times altogether；
(4) Pan Waiyuantiaogou fertilisings, watering are set：Width 20cm, the dressing furrow of depth 25cm are dug along tree disk edge, by 5kg ecological organic fertiliers
Simultaneously earthing is uniformly sprinkled into ditch, is watered when taking slight irrigation mode drought；
(5) autumn cutting back：2~3 days before the beginning of autumn, grafting young sprout is when growing to 30~50cm long, grafts on young sprout at raw Li Peng
3~5 full buds are stayed above, by end pin cutting back；There is no the young sprout of Li Peng, risen in grafting young sprout base portion and retain 4 at most full bud
~6 full buds, by end pin cutting back；
(6) winter pruning：Taking fruit-bearing shoot cluster, newer pruning method is managed in turn, and High Density Planting Orchard removes overstocked branch and overlapping
Branch, the excessively prosperous branch of cutting back, sick branch and useless branch using golden mean of the Confucian school branch as a result, opening light path, make branch inside and outside tree crown prosperous strong, tree body
Up and down light, tree crown is compact, inside and outside as a result, tree crown extension is slow；
(7) spring trims：Before germination drawing branch is carried out to growing long excessively prosperous upright branch, 65 °~70 ° of branch angle, and
Branch back alternately carves wound at the full buds of 20~25cm, and all weak buds of erasing after germination make nutrient focus on full bud,
Form result branch；
(8) summer pruning：The invalid branch of baby's branch and fruit branch base portion that thorax is excessive in the removing of alternation renewal pruning method is taken, to life
It grew prosperous young sprout and carries out pinching；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the Root-stock selection low yield, Chinese chestnut inferior
The skeleton branch baldness band of High Density Planting Orchard is as graft stock.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in step (3), the kind of the scion is early for the Yanshan Mountain
The golden kind of rich or swallow.
4. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in step (3), the scion is full sprout quantity
For 4~5, length is 15~20cm, no disease and pests harm, the bearing basal shoot having no mechanical damage.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (4), the temperature of the heating paraffin dissolving is not
More than 85 DEG C.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described be placed on scion in the paraffin of fusing is stained with the wax time not
More than 1s.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), when grafting period selection peach blossom is in full bloom or 4
The middle ten days and the last ten days moon is grafted.
8. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (6), the scion is without cutting；To described
Stock retains original trunk top fruitful branch and carries out result without cut anvil.
9. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (8), the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control includes：Utilize lamp
Light, insect sticker, gyplure, sugar-vinegar liquid, machinery, artificial capture method or grass bundle insect-killing trapping.
10. it according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) field selects
The requirement of Chinese chestnut garden soil is fertile, loose ventilative, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong, away from highway, factories and miness and industrial pollution, has
The mountainous region or level land of house refuse, pH value in the range of 6.5~7.5, average temperature of the whole year be 8.6 DEG C, annual 180 days frost-free periods with
On；
(2) Root-stock selection
No disease and pests harm, 5~10 years raw low yields, the skeleton branch baldness band of High Density Planting Orchard of Chestnut inferior are selected as graft stock；
(3) scion selects
The maturity period is early, resistance is strong, robust growth, no disease and pests harm, gathers scion on the Chinese chestnut elite stand that has no mechanical damage；It is described
The kind of scion is the Yanshan Mountain is early rich or the golden kind of swallow；The scion is that full sprout quantity is 4~5, and length is 15~20cm,
No disease and pests harm, the bearing basal shoot having no mechanical damage；
(4) scion is stored
Storage practice of sealing with wax is taken, heating paraffin is dissolved, temperature is no more than 85 DEG C；Scion is placed in the paraffin of fusing and be stained with
Wax is stained with the wax time no more than 1s, finishes writing mark, avoid air-drying, spread wet cloth, be put into spare in cellar for storing things；
(5) grafting period
It sprouts in stock sprout to expanding without being grafted during lamina；
(6) graft
Scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 6~7cm, the peltate of 0.5cm or so is whittled into bevel lower backside, without cutting
It cuts；To the stock without cut anvil, retain original trunk top fruitful branch and carry out as a result, in the skeleton branch both sides of tree body, often
Every 20~30cm, alternately spiral digging crescent shaped cuttings slot, then indulges partial application, and in T-shaped, the scion bevel cut is inserted into
In cortex, finally interface is bandaged with plastic strip, it is ensured that interface position does not interspace, and interface of erasing in time after surviving is sprouted
Bud；
(7) managed after connecing
(1) sprout tillers is removed：Sprout tillers is removed after surviving in time, the larger place of limb exposed position in the south retains some sprout tillers, with
Exempt from that limb day is caused to burn；
(2) half solution bondage：When young sprout grows to 30cm, retain 1/3 plastic strip, release lower part bondage, it is windproof with profit；
(3) male, florescence spray fertilizer is dredged：The hero at manually the 90~95% of thin emasculation inflorescence total amount, the crown that leaves tree portion or outlying position
Inflorescence 5~10%, mixed inflorescence all retain；Before florescence selection fine day calm at 10 points in the morning or after at 16 points in afternoon, spray
+ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor of 0.3% boric acid was sprayed 1 time every 7 days, sprayed 3 times altogether；
(4) Pan Waiyuantiaogou fertilisings, watering are set：Width 20cm, the dressing furrow of depth 25cm are dug along tree disk edge, by 5kg ecological organic fertiliers
Simultaneously earthing is uniformly sprinkled into ditch, is watered when taking slight irrigation mode drought；
(5) autumn cutting back：2~3 days before the beginning of autumn, grafting young sprout is when growing to 30~50cm long, grafts on young sprout at raw Li Peng
3~5 full buds are stayed above, by end pin cutting back；There is no the young sprout of Li Peng, risen in grafting young sprout base portion and retain 4 at most full bud
~6 full buds, by end pin cutting back；
(6) winter pruning：Taking fruit-bearing shoot cluster, newer pruning method is managed in turn, and High Density Planting Orchard removes overstocked branch and overlapping
Branch, the excessively prosperous branch of cutting back, sick branch and useless branch using golden mean of the Confucian school branch as a result, opening light path, make branch inside and outside tree crown prosperous strong, tree body
Up and down light, tree crown is compact, inside and outside as a result, tree crown extension is slow；
(7) spring trims：Before germination drawing branch is carried out to growing long excessively prosperous upright branch, 65 °~70 ° of branch angle, and
Branch back alternately carves wound at the full buds of 20~25cm, and all weak buds of erasing after germination make nutrient focus on full bud,
Form result branch；
(8) summer pruning：The invalid branch of baby's branch and fruit branch base portion that thorax is excessive in the removing of alternation renewal pruning method is taken, to life
It grew prosperous young sprout and carries out pinching；
(8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；
Utilize light, insect sticker, gyplure, sugar-vinegar liquid, machinery, artificial capture method or grass bundle insect-killing trapping.
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| CN107251835A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of selection of high-quality Chinese Chestnut New Lines |
| CN107278748A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2017-10-24 | 韦健 | An a kind of high position changes kind of a method for technological transformation low yield Chinese chestnut |
| CN107173068A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-19 | 麦丽 | A kind of engrafting method of Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN107396799A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-28 | 广西桂平市蒙圩镇柱强种养专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of organic Chinese chestnut |
| CN107484622A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-19 | 广西那坡县翠株园林业科技有限公司 | A kind of pruning method of Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN108353720A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-03 | 迁西县五为生物科技有限公司 | The dry restorative procedure of long major branch on Chinese chestnut tree |
| CN109496581A (en) * | 2019-01-27 | 2019-03-22 | 左齐 | A kind of Chinese chestnut tree engrafting method of high-survival rate |
| CN110326439A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-10-15 | 承德市林业技术推广总站 | The efficiently fast rich graft technology of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN111296165B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-10-22 | 万源市润雨中药有限公司 | Planting method for promoting production of dark plums in associated mode |
| CN113439599B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-08-19 | 北京仙峰云海生态农业有限公司 | Regeneration and rejuvenation pruning method and pruning tool for baby branches of chestnut trees |
| CN115024105A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-09 | 河北省林业和草原技术推广总站 | Method for whole-crown lower branch-supplementing, optimizing, updating and transforming chestnut tree |
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| CN103314769B (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-10-14 | 林贵兰 | A kind of spiral grafting method of same branch many strains camellia |
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