CN110326439A

CN110326439A - The efficiently fast rich graft technology of one planting fruit-trees

Info

Publication number: CN110326439A
Application number: CN201910729950.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 耿金川; 耿睿; 高剑利; 张树根; 王清文; 张春博; 白亮; 刘冰
Original assignee: Chengde Forestry Technology Extension Station
Current assignee: Chengde Forestry Technology Extension Station
Priority date: 2019-08-08
Filing date: 2019-08-08
Publication date: 2019-10-15

Abstract

The invention discloses the efficiently fast rich graft technologies of a planting fruit-trees, and using first bondage, rear grafting fringe mode is grafted.The method directly winds stock and wants graft position, saves winding scion step, and interface tighter gap, can effectively improve graft survival rate, applied widely, easy to operate, saving of work and time, the fruit-tree grafting suitable for low yield yield of Chestnut on Mountain Slope garden, apple orchard and theatre.

Description

The efficiently fast rich graft technology of one planting fruit-trees

Technical field

The invention belongs to the efficiently fast rich graft technologies of fruit-tree grafting technical field more particularly to a planting fruit-trees.

Background technique

Currently, the graft technology that hillside orchard is taken all is bondage after first grafting fringe, and step is cumbersome, time-consuming, and Bondage does not easily lead to windbreak tightly or water inlet, pest and disease damage occur, and reduces survival rate.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides the efficiently fast rich graft technologies of a planting fruit-trees, are a kind of time saving, provinces Work and the efficient graft technology for promoting orchard to get bumper crops rapidly, the fruit tree suitable for low yield yield of Chestnut on Mountain Slope garden, apple orchard and theatre Grafting.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:

(1) retain original trunk top fruitful branch not cut anvil, in tree body skeleton branch baldness band two sides, every 15~20cm, After wiping bark from old tress off, scion slot is alternately dug in left and right, and vertical scion slot is diced notched cut, and scion slot will be as deep as wooden with notch Portion；

(2) it is enclosed with film around trunk bondage 3~8 on scion slot, bondage length is more than to cut depending on notch length up and down Each 3~6cm of mouth；

(3) after bondage, the bearing basal shoot that kind is pure, no disease and pests harm, has no mechanical damage, there are 4~5 full buds is selected, Without cutting, scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 5~10cm with grafting knife, by bevel lower backside wedgewise, length 0.8 ~1.2cm, the bud that will be close to the big bevel bottom end of scion are erased, and to prevent appearance " bolster head " phenomenon, are finally inserted into scion cutting surface In cortex, it is ensured that insertion interface bottom is not left white；

(4) new-tip length unbinds in 26~32cm and carries out windproof processing.

Further, it in the step (2), is enclosed with film around trunk bondage 5 on scion slot.

It further, is more than up and down each 4~5cm of notch in the step (2).

Further, in the step (3), scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 8cm with grafting knife, it will be below bevel The back side is whittled into the wedge shape that length is 1cm.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

This fruit tree efficiently grafted using first bondage, rear grafting fringe mode by the rich graft technology of speed, and the method is directly wound Stock wants graft position, saves winding scion step, and interface tighter gap, can effectively improve graft survival rate, the scope of application Extensively, easy to operate, saving of work and time.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1-10 is the operational flowchart of the efficiently fast rich graft technology of fruit tree of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

Following comparative example and embodiment are all in identical land occupation condition, the identical age of tree, identical tree vigo(u)r, same breed scion feelings It is carried out under condition.

Comparative example 1

Baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot is grafted: selection kind is pure, no disease and pests harm, mechanical damage, has 4~5 full buds Bearing basal shoot scion scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 6~7cm with sharp sword without cutting, cut in bevel lower backside At 0.5cm or so peltate.Without cut anvil, retains original trunk top fruitful branch and carry out as a result, being selected from stock skeleton branch Baldness band digs a crescent shaped cuttings slot with shoot growth direction, then indulges partial application, the scion that will have been cut every 20~30cm Bevel is inserted into cortex, is finally bandaged interface with plastic strip, is survived rear timely bud picking.

Comparative example 2

Simple bud cortex grafting: the narrow bars for selecting pure kind, no disease and pests harm, mechanical damage, sprout full cut into narrow bars 5~6cm long of multistage only has the simple bud scion of 1 full bud, wherein 2cm or so, lower section 3cm or so is stayed above sprout, from sprout Smooth ramp is whittled at the face back side downwards, bottom end is whittled into wedge shape, and cut anvil wood, does not directly cut one at the smooth scarce branch position of skeleton branch The scion cut is inserted into cortex, is then bandaged interface with plastic strip by T word notch, exposes sprout, and ensure interface position It sets and does not interspace, survive rear timely bud picking.

Comparative example 3

Naked dry grafting: cutting from 70~80cm more than interface, at smooth position, bast is cut one week, as deep as wood Matter portion.Bast more than interface is peeled off.Cut scion: scion length 20cm or so, bevel wedgewise is smooth, length 7cm or so, The scion cut is inserted into cortex by apex with a thickness of a quarter of scion.Stock can carefully insert 1 scion, when stock is thicker, 2 are inserted, and xylem surrounding is sawed into 1cm with saw, is laid the foundation so that the coming year removes pillar living.Scion cutting surface upper end and stock are tough Skin zone is equal, is then wrapped up in interface sternly with plastic strip, cuts at 70~80cm more than interface.

Embodiment 1

Retain original trunk top fruitful branch not cut anvil, is wiped off in tree body skeleton branch baldness band two sides every 15~20cm After bark from old tress, scion slot is alternately dug in left and right, and vertical scion slot is diced notched cut, and scion slot and notch will be as deep as xylems；? It is enclosed with film around trunk bondage 3~8 on scion slot, bondage length is more than up and down each 3~6cm of notch depending on notch length；It ties up After tiing up, select the bearing basal shoot that kind is pure, no disease and pests harm, has no mechanical damage, there are 4~5 full buds that will connect without cutting Fringe lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 5~10cm with grafting knife, and by bevel lower backside wedgewise, 0.8~1.2cm of length will be leaned on The bud of the big bevel bottom end of proximity fringe is erased, and to prevent appearance " bolster head " phenomenon, finally scion cutting surface is inserted into cortex, it is ensured that insert Incoming interface bottom, is not left white；New-tip length unbinds in 26~32cm and carries out windproof processing.

In identical land occupation condition, the identical age of tree, identical tree vigo(u)r, same breed scion, different graft technologies are taken, Investigation comparison is carried out to First Year, third year per mu yield after cion survival rate, disease pest rate, per hour grafting quantity and grafting, is tied Fruit is as shown in table 1.

Table 1

Investigation content	The fruit tree efficiently rich grafting of speed	Baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot is grafted	Simple bud cortex grafting	Naked dry grafting
					Survival rate (%)	96	95.78	94.70	90.68
Disease pest rate (%)	1.33	4.67	18.33	21.67
					Scion number (item) per hour	61.30	29.33	17.67	14
First Year per mu yield (kg) after grafting	88.55	84.70	0	0
					Third year per mu yield (kg) after grafting	118.80	117.52	56.37	32.57

Remarks: fruit tree is Chinese chestnut, kind Yan Jin, seeding row spacing 3*4, more than the life in 10 years of the stock age of tree.

As shown in Table 1, the fruit tree efficiently rich graft technology of speed is taken, graft survival rate and baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot are grafted Method is not much different, and is higher than simple bud cortex grafting and naked dry grafting；Disease pest rate is less than other 3 kinds of engrafting methods；Number is grafted per hour Amount is significantly higher than other 3 kinds of engrafting methods；Yield is not much different with baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot engrafting method, inserts higher than simple bud Bark graft and naked dry grafting, in conclusion fruit tree efficiently insert better than the grafting of baldness band multiple spot bearing basal shoot, simple bud by the rich graft technology of speed Bark graft and naked dry grafting.

Embodiment described above is only that preferred embodiment of the invention is described, and is not carried out to the scope of the present invention It limits, without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art make technical solution of the present invention Various changes and improvements, should all fall into claims of the present invention determine protection scope in.

Claims

1. the efficiently fast rich engrafting method of a planting fruit-trees, which comprises the steps of:

(1) retain original trunk top fruitful branch not cut anvil, wiped off in tree body skeleton branch baldness band two sides every 15~20cm After bark from old tress, scion slot is alternately dug in left and right, and vertical scion slot is diced notched cut, and scion slot and notch will be as deep as xylems；

(2) it is enclosed with film around trunk bondage 3~8 on scion slot, bondage length is more than that notch is each depending on notch length up and down 3~6cm；

(3) after bondage, the bearing basal shoot that kind is pure, no disease and pests harm, has no mechanical damage, there are 4~5 full buds is selected, is not had to It cuts, scion lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 5~10cm with grafting knife, bevel lower backside is whittled into wedge shape, length 0.8~ 1.2cm, the bud that will be close to the big bevel bottom end of scion are erased, and finally scion cutting surface is inserted into cortex, it is ensured that insertion interface bottom, It is not left white；

(4) new-tip length unbinds in 26~32cm and carries out windproof processing.

2. the efficiently fast rich engrafting method of fruit tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), in scion It is enclosed with film around trunk bondage 5 on slot.

3. the efficiently fast rich engrafting method of fruit tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that super up and down in the step (2) Cross each 4~5cm of notch.

4. the efficiently fast rich engrafting method of fruit tree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), by scion Lower end is whittled into the smooth ramp of 8cm with grafting knife, and bevel lower backside is whittled into the wedge shape that length is 1cm.