CN107912210B - Dense-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method for cyclocarya paliurus - Google Patents
Dense-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method for cyclocarya paliurus Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dense planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus, which is characterized in that a mountain land or a hilly gentle slope land with a deep soil layer and good drainage is selected, and the slope inclination angle is 10-15 degrees; or carrying out land preparation by selecting a horizontal belt, wherein the whole horizontal belt is arranged to be a land with 10-15 degrees of slope, each transverse barrow is horizontal, and auxiliary grooves are arranged; the method is characterized in that a sand-containing pipe is obliquely buried in the ground, and through technical means such as digging holes, applying base fertilizer, planting, cutting off the trunk, picking in stages, pruning to be dwarfed, fertilizer and water management and the like, the tree height is controlled, the picking is convenient, and the yield per unit area is greatly improved by improving the planting density of the cyclocarya paliurus, picking in multiple times per year according to the growth quantity of the cyclocarya paliurus and pruning to be dwarfed, and then assisting in technical management measures such as fertilizing, irrigating and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plant cultivation technology, in particular to a dense planting dwarfing artificial high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus.
Background
Cyclocarya paliurus (Bata1.) Iljinskaja) is a plant of Cyclocarya (Juglauiaceae) belonging to the genus Cyclocarya, is a unique single species plant in China, and is widely distributed in various provinces in the south of China. Cyclocarya paliurus is a tall tree with fallen leaves, is fast growing, and the leaf buds begin to germinate from the early 3 middle and late months to the early 4 months of the year, enter a fast growth period after 5 months, turn color and gradually wither after 11 months, and enter a dormant period after 12 months.
The existing research shows that the cyclocarya paliurus leaves have various physiological active substances beneficial to human bodies, have high medicinal value, are good natural health-care food resources, have the effects of clearing heat, removing toxicity, preventing and treating diseases and the like when being drunk as tea substitute for folk, particularly have obvious effects on the prevention and treatment of diabetes, and are called as natural insulin and a third tree of human life in the medical field. The national sanitation and family planning committee No. 4 bulletin 2013 has formally listed cyclocarya paliurus leaves as a new food raw material, which undoubtedly provides wide market prospect for the development and industrial production of cyclocarya paliurus.
The cultivation of cyclocarya paliurus is mostly described in the published technology, for example, a method for high-yield cultivation of cyclocarya paliurus disclosed in patent publication No. CN106577114A includes collecting seeds, cleaning fruit wings, pretreating the seeds before sowing, soaking, making beds in nursery, sowing, managing nursery, selecting forestation land, preparing land, excavating planting holes, planting, managing fertilizer and water, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and the like; there are also many proposals for seedling propagation management, for example, patent publication No. CN105210608A, a cyclocarya paliurus seedling propagation method, which uses 1 year trunk or current year branch obtained by trunk cutting and forestation or pruning of cyclocarya paliurus in winter as propagation material, performs hard branch cuttage in the middle ten days of 3 months after refrigeration at 0-4 ℃, keeps sand bed dry after cuttage and greenhouse moist until rooting and survival, and is assisted with rooting agent, sunshade net and fertilization measures to obtain excellent clone seedlings.
With the gradual maturity of the development, production and sale of cyclocarya paliurus leaf products, the enthusiasm of forest farmers for manually planting cyclocarya paliurus is continuously improved, but at present, the manual cultivation technology of cyclocarya paliurus is still immature, most of the cyclocarya paliurus are continuously planted by using the conventional manual forestation technology or as the upper layer shading tree species of other crops for interplanting, so that the problems of low land utilization rate, high manual picking production cost and the like, particularly the problems of high tree form and the like, are caused because systematization and specialization are not formed in the aspects of planting density, tree form control, picking technology and the like. At present, cyclocarya paliurus planted manually mainly uses leaves, so that a cultivation mode of how to cultivate and pick the cyclocarya paliurus conveniently and having high leaf yield per unit area is an effective way for further improving the industrialized management level of the cyclocarya paliurus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides an artificial high-yield cultivation method for cyclocarya paliurus, which can solve the problems of inconvenience in picking, high labor input cost and the like of cyclocarya paliurus due to a tall tree form, can improve the land utilization rate to the maximum extent, and can improve the yield of leaves in unit area.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: 1. a cyclocarya paliurus close-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation: selecting a mountain land or a hill gentle slope land with a deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the slope inclination angle is 10-15 degrees; or carrying out land preparation by selecting a horizontal belt, wherein the whole horizontal belt is arranged to be a land with 10-15 degrees of slope, each transverse barrow is horizontal, and auxiliary grooves are arranged; and a sand-containing pipe is obliquely buried in the ground.
Secondly, digging holes: and (3) digging holes at fixed points in the prepared forest land according to the plant row spacing of 100cm multiplied by 50 cm-100 cm multiplied by 100cm, wherein the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the digging holes are respectively (40-80) cm multiplied by (30-60) cm.
Thirdly, base fertilizer application: applying 10-20 kg of base fertilizer into each hole, wherein the base fertilizer comprises decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer prepared from mulberry fallen leaves and silkworm excrement; the base fertilizer and the surface soil are mixed uniformly and filled into the holes.
Fourthly, planting: and (3) before the trees begin to sprout in the next 2 months, cyclocarya paliurus seedlings which grow for 1-2 years, are not less than 80cm in height and not less than 1.0cm in ground diameter are selected and planted in the fixed-point digging holes, and the density is 667-1334 plants/mu.
Fifthly, cutting off the stem: and cutting the trunk at a position 15-20 cm away from the ground after planting, promoting the base of the trunk to sprout more branches, changing the tree character of the single trunk of cyclocarya paliurus, and shrubbling and dwarfing the crown of the cyclocarya paliurus.
Sixth, picking in stages: according to the growth phenological period of cyclocarya paliurus, leaf picking is carried out for three times or more in spring, summer and autumn every year.
Seventhly, pruning and dwarfing: after spring picking and summer picking are finished every year, trunk pruning is carried out on main branches according to a preset height of 80-100 cm, side branches are reserved, and the height of the side branches is flush with that of the main branches; when picked in autumn, only leaves are picked, and branches are not pruned, and when picked in spring of the next year, the branches are pruned together.
Eighthly, fertilizer and water management: keeping the water content of the soil, which is generally 50-60% of the field water capacity, and irrigating when the water content of the soil in the forest land is lower than the value; in addition to normal tending management such as soil loosening, weeding and the like, silkworm excrement organic fertilizer is applied for 1 time after every picking, and a ring-furrow fertilization method is adopted, wherein 5-10 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant; in autumn and winter each year, leguminous plants such as Trifolium repens or Astragalus sinicus are sown in forest land, and the bamboo hat is ploughed in the year for soil fertilization.
In the above dense planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus, preferably, the wall of the sand-containing pipe buried in the ground is provided with a through hole with a pore diameter of less than or equal to 5mm or a long waist hole with a pore width of less than or equal to 5 mm.
In the cyclocarya paliurus close-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method, preferably, the depth of the sand-containing pipe is 20-40 cm, and the diameter of the sand-containing pipe is less than or equal to 5 cm.
In the dense planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus, preferably, the sand-containing pipe is filled with mixed sand (23), and the mixed sand comprises more than 60% of engineering macadam and 10% of coarse river sand of 2-5 mm.
In the dense planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus, preferably, the inner wall of the sand-containing pipe has the roughness more than or equal to 5 mm.
In the above-mentioned dense planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus, preferably, before the seedlings are planted in the holes, measures of dipping the roots of the seedlings in water, hanging slurry and dipping the roots of the seedlings in ABT rooting powder are taken.
In the above-mentioned dense-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus, preferably, when the cyclocarya paliurus is picked in stages, tender shoots in early spring are timely and comprehensively harvested in spring.
In the foregoing dense-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus, preferably, the leaves on each branch with the petioles are picked from top to bottom in spring (whole leaves) and summer in the stage picking, and leaves about 1/4 below the branches are reserved.
In the method for cultivating cyclocarya paliurus in a dense planting, dwarfing and high yield manner, preferably, 4-5 terminal buds are reserved in autumn during the stage picking, and the rest leaves are all picked.
In the cyclocarya paliurus close-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method, preferably, the soil water content is subjected to remote information sampling and timely processing.
According to the technical scheme, the growth characteristics of high growth speed and good sprouting performance of cyclocarya paliurus are mainly utilized, and the leaf picking amount in unit area is increased by improving the planting density of the cyclocarya paliurus, picking in stages, pruning and dwarfing and fertilizer and water management technologies, so that the purpose of controlling the height of a tree and facilitating picking is achieved. When soil preparation is carried out, in order to meet the rationality of the soil water content of cyclocarya paliurus in the whole cultivation process, a sand-containing pipe is arranged in advance, a drainage space and a certain water retention and storage capacity are arranged in the sand-containing pipe, and the purposes of drainage in rainy seasons and water protection in summer are achieved.
Because the mulberry leaves not only contain a plurality of vitamins, mineral substances, amino acids, carbohydrates, plant fibers and the like similar to cyclocarya paliurus, but also contain DNJ (1-deoxynojirimycin) alkaloid which is not contained in other animals and plants, the organic fertilizer prepared by utilizing the fallen leaves of the mulberry and silkworm excrement not only changes waste into valuable, but also improves the quality of the cyclocarya paliurus leaves and promotes the healthy growth of trees while improving the soil fertility.
The trunk is cut immediately after the planting, on one hand, the base of the trunk is promoted to germinate more branches, the tree character of the single trunk of the cyclocarya paliurus is changed, and the cyclocarya paliurus is shrunken, so that the purposes of dwarfing the crown and expanding the number of collected branches are achieved; on the other hand, the branches left after trunk cutting can be used as cutting propagation materials or raw materials for processing cyclocarya paliurus products for comprehensive utilization.
The staged picking is designed, and the leaves are collected according to spring, summer and autumn according to the growth phenological period of the cyclocarya paliurus. The early 3 late months to the early 4 months of early spring is the picking period of the tender bud (leaf) of cyclocarya paliurus, at the moment, the leaf bud just germinates, the content of the effective components is high, the quality is the best in the whole year, and therefore, the cyclocarya paliurus is picked comprehensively in time. The whole leaf picking period of the cyclocarya paliurus in spring from the middle ten days of 4 months to the end ten days of 5 months is the period of the cyclocarya paliurus in spring, more new branches begin to sprout at the moment, and new leaves are completely unfolded. The picking period in summer is 6-8 months, the growth period of cyclocarya paliurus is vigorous, and the growth amount is the maximum all year round. The harvesting period of the cyclocarya paliurus in autumn is from 9 months to 10 months, and the cyclocarya paliurus enters the later growth stage at the moment.
Generally, pruning dwarfing is performed after picking in 5 months of spring and 8 months of summer each year, and main branches are pruned within 1 meter. In order to ensure that cyclocarya paliurus seedlings can live through the winter well and healthily, only leaves are collected and branches are kept without trimming when the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings are picked in autumn, and the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings are trimmed when the cyclocarya paliurus seedlings are picked in spring of the next year. Experiments show that the soil water content of cyclocarya paliurus which is most suitable for growth is 50-60% of the field water holding capacity, the maximum biomass can be obtained, and therefore irrigation is needed when the soil water content in the forest land is lower than the value. The modern information technology of this scheme utilization carries out remote information sampling to the soil water content, just can in time obtain the soil water content condition through computer or cell-phone, reminds the administrator in time to mend water. Furthermore, the scheme utilizes the interplanting technology to carry out natural fertilization, and during the non-picking period (dormant period) of the cyclocarya paliurus, such as the period of sowing trifoliate repens or astragalus sinicus and other leguminous plants in the forest land in autumn and winter every year, soil fertilization is carried out in a turning-over mode in the bamboo hat year.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the aims of controlling the tree height, facilitating picking and improving the yield per unit area are achieved by improving the planting density of cyclocarya paliurus, picking and pruning for a plurality of times every year according to the growth quantity of the cyclocarya paliurus and then assisting technical management measures such as fertilization and irrigation.
1) Cyclocarya paliurus is a kind of pleasurable and fast-growing tree, the annual growth amount of new branches is about 1-1.5 m, and the unit of the annual growth amount is 1.0 multiplied by 0.50-1.0 multiplied by 1.0 (unit: rice), applying organic fertilizer made of decomposed and fermented waste materials of the sericulture industry, interplanting white clover and astragalus sinicus herbaceous plants as green manure, fully exerting the land utilization rate of the forest land, and improving the yield and quality of unit area.
2) Cyclocarya paliurus is a deciduous tree species, leaf buds begin to germinate from early 3 middle and late months to early 4 months every year, the cyclocarya paliurus enters a rapid growth period after 5 months, and leaf picking is carried out for three times or more every year according to spring, summer and autumn according to the growth characteristics of the cyclocarya paliurus, so that the harvesting amount of unit area is greatly increased.
3) According to the characteristic that cyclocarya paliurus has stronger sprout tillering capability and better sprouting performance after pruning, the high-control stem-cutting planting is started after planting, the crown is dwarfed, arbor species are shrunken, pruning and dwarfing are carried out while picking in spring and summer each time, the height of the main rod is controlled, the picking work is greatly facilitated, the sprouting amount of cyclocarya paliurus branches can be improved, and the purpose of improving the yield is achieved by promoting multiple branches and increasing the sprouting amount of leaves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slope cultivation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a sand containing pipe structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cultivation soil layer, 2, a sand-containing pipe and 3, a ground base layer.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cyclocarya paliurus close-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation: as shown in fig. 1, selecting a mountain land or a hill gentle slope land with deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the slope inclination angle is 10-15 degrees; when horizontal belt soil preparation is selected, the whole horizontal belt is set to have a slope surface of 10-15 degrees, each transverse shaft barrow is horizontal, and auxiliary groove arrangement is carried out.
Secondly, digging holes: and (3) digging holes at fixed points of 100cm multiplied by 50cm according to the plant row spacing in the prepared forest land, wherein the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the digging holes are respectively 50cm multiplied by 5cm multiplied by 40 cm.
Meanwhile, a sand-containing pipe 2 with the diameter of 5cm is obliquely embedded in the ground in parallel with the sloping field, the depth of the embedded pipe is 20-40 cm, (note that the sand-containing pipe 2 is embedded above the foundation layer 3), and the sand-containing pipe 2 is about 10cm away from the hole edge. The structure of the sand-containing pipe 2 is shown in figure 2, and comprises a pipe body 21, wherein the pipe wall of the pipe body 21 is provided with a through hole with the aperture of 5mm, and a long waist hole with the hole width of 5mm can also be formed. The sand-containing pipe 2 is internally provided with mixed sand 23 which comprises 80 percent of engineering macadam, the maximum size of the macadam is less than or equal to 5mm,10 percent of coarse river sand with the size of 2-5 mm and 10 percent of fine river sand with the size of 0.25-0.35 mm. The inner wall of the sand pipe 2 has a roughness of 5mm to avoid loss of the inner kneaded sand 23. And the sand mixture 23 occupies 2/3-4/5 of the space of the inner cavity of the tube body 21. The lower end of the sand-containing pipe 2 extends out of the cultivation soil layer 1 and is provided with a valve 22. The valve 22 is normally open. According to the weather forecast, when water shortage and drought happen, the valve 22 is closed, and the water in the sand-containing pipe 2 is kept.
Thirdly, base fertilizer application: applying 10-20 kg of base fertilizer in each hole, wherein the base fertilizer comprises decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer prepared from mulberry fallen leaves and silkworm excrement; the base fertilizer and the surface soil are mixed uniformly and filled into the holes.
Fourthly, planting: and (3) before the trees begin to sprout in the next 2 months, cyclocarya paliurus seedlings which grow for 1-2 years, are higher than or equal to 80cm in height and larger than or equal to 1.0cm in ground diameter are planted in the fixed-point dug holes, and the density is 1333 plants/mu. Before planting, the seedling is dipped in water, hung in slurry and soaked in ABT rooting powder.
Fifthly, cutting off the stem: and cutting the trunk at a position 20cm away from the ground after planting, promoting the base part of the trunk to sprout more branches, changing the characteristics of the trees of the single trunk of the cyclocarya paliurus, and performing shrunken treatment on the single trunk of the cyclocarya paliurus to achieve the purpose of dwarfing the crown.
Sixth, picking in stages: according to the growth phenological period of cyclocarya paliurus, leaf picking is carried out for three times or more in spring, summer and autumn every year. When picking in different stages, the tender shoots are timely and comprehensively harvested in early spring. When picking in spring (whole leaf) and summer, picking the leaves with the leafstalks from top to bottom on each branch, and keeping the leaves about 1/4 at the lower part of the branch. In autumn, 4-5 terminal buds are picked and reserved, and the other leaves are all removed.
Seventhly, pruning and dwarfing: after spring picking and summer picking are finished every year, trunk pruning is carried out on main branches according to a preset height of 80-100 cm, side branches are reserved, and the height of the side branches is flush with that of the main branches; when picked in autumn, only leaves are picked, and branches are not pruned, and when picked in spring of the next year, the branches are pruned together.
Eighthly, fertilizer and water management: keeping the water content of the soil to be 50-60% of the field water capacity, and irrigating when the water content of the soil in the forest land is lower than the field water capacity; in addition to normal tending management such as soil loosening, weeding and the like, silkworm excrement organic fertilizer is applied for 1 time after every picking, and a ring-furrow fertilization method is adopted, wherein 5-10 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant; in autumn and winter each year, leguminous plants such as Trifolium repens or Astragalus sinicus are sown in forest land, and the bamboo hat is ploughed in the year for soil fertilization.
This embodiment carries out remote information sampling to soil water content, arranges the water content detector that has signal transmitter in the cultivation soil layer 1 of cultivated land, obtains soil water content through equipment such as cell-phone, in time handles.
Example records:
in 12.17.2015, a gentle slope land (E118 degrees, 52 '13.4', N29 degrees, 39 '06.1', altitude 117-130 m) of a catalpus kokai forest land of Nakangjiang development headquarter of Chunan county, Zhejiang province is selected for horizontal strip land preparation, the whole horizontal strip is set to be a land with 10-degree slope, each cross barrow is horizontal, auxiliary grooves are properly arranged, and sand-containing pipes are buried in the land. And (3) digging holes at fixed points in the prepared forest land according to the plant row spacing of 1.0 multiplied by 0.5m, wherein the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the digging holes are respectively 50 multiplied by 40 (cm). 16kg of decomposed and fermented silkworm excrement organic fertilizer serving as a base fertilizer is applied to each hole, and the organic fertilizer and surface soil are uniformly mixed and filled into the holes.
And (3) selecting 1 year cyclocarya paliurus seedlings to be planted in the dug fixed point on 2 months and 3 days in 2016, wherein the average height of the planted seedlings is 95cm, and the average ground diameter is 1.8 cm. When the seedlings are planted, measures of slurry hanging and ABT rooting powder dipping are adopted to promote the growth of the seedlings and the root systems, and 6657 cyclocarya paliurus plants (the area is 5 mu) are planted in total. After planting, the crop is cut off 20cm from the ground.
And in 2016, 5 and 10 days, completely unfolding new leaves of cyclocarya paliurus, wherein the average tree height reaches 112cm, picking for the first time, picking the leaves on each branch with a leaf stalk from top to bottom, reserving leaves about 1/4 below the branches, and trimming the main branches and the side branches for the first time according to a preset height of 85 cm. 0.06kg of fresh leaves is harvested per plant averagely for the first time.
Applying silkworm excrement organic fertilizer 5 month and 26 days 2016, and applying 8kg per plant by adopting a ring furrow fertilization method.
And (3) picking for the second time from 8/10 th of 2016, wherein the average growth height of cyclocarya paliurus is 135cm in a busy growing season of cyclocarya paliurus, picking the leaves and the stems of the cyclocarya paliurus from top to bottom in the same way as the first picking method, keeping leaves about 1/4 below the branches, and trimming the trunk and the lateral branches for the second time according to the preset height of 85 cm. The fresh leaves collected for the second time are 0.31kg per plant on average.
Applying organic fertilizer 8 months and 23 days in 2016, and applying 8kg of organic fertilizer to each plant by adopting a ring furrow fertilization method.
Picking for the third time in 2016, 9 months and 25 days, wherein the growth height of cyclocarya paliurus is restored to 98cm averagely, picking all the leaves on each branch with the leaf stalks from top to bottom except for the apical buds, and keeping the branches without pruning. 0.07kg of fresh leaves is harvested per plant averagely for the third time.
Sowing the germinated astragalus sinicus seeds in the forest land in 2016 for 10 months and 20 days, covering soil of 2-3cm, slightly pressing, and sowing the seeds at a rate of 1kg per mu.
And 4, and 2-3 days in 2017, in the second year after planting, new leaf buds sprout, a proper amount of tender shoots (leaves) are picked from each plant, and branches and trunks are reserved. On average, 0.01kg of shoots (leaves) were harvested per plant.
And on 21 days in 2017, 4 and 21 months, the astragalus sinicus growing in the forest land is ploughed and intertillage-weeding, and is used as a green manure for soil fertility improvement.
In 2017, 5 and 13 months, picking in spring and pruning are carried out in the same way as in the same period of the previous year, and the average amount of fresh leaves collected per plant is 0.11 kg. Applying organic fertilizer of silkworm excrement 10 days after picking, and applying 10kg of organic fertilizer to each plant.
Picking in summer and pruning in the same way as in the same period of the last year in 2017, 8 and 17 months, and picking fresh leaves 0.59kg per plant on average. Applying organic fertilizer of silkworm excrement 6 days after picking, and applying 10kg of organic fertilizer to each plant.
Picking in autumn in the same way as the same period of the last year in 23.9.2017, and picking fresh leaves 0.13kg per plant on average.
Sowing white clover seeds in the forest land in 2017 for 10 months and 15 days, covering soil of 2-3cm, slightly pressing, and sowing the seeds at a rate of 1.1kg per mu.
Applying silkworm excrement organic fertilizer in 11 months and 20 days in 2017, and applying 10kg of organic fertilizer to each plant by adopting a ring furrow fertilization method.
The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modified structures, processes, methods, and the like of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cyclocarya paliurus close-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, soil preparation: selecting a mountain land or a hill gentle slope land with a deep soil layer and good drainage, wherein the slope inclination angle is 10-15 degrees; or carrying out land preparation by selecting a horizontal belt, wherein the whole horizontal belt is arranged to be a land with 10-15 degrees of slope, each transverse barrow is horizontal, and auxiliary grooves are arranged; burying a sand-containing pipe (2) in the ground in an inclined manner;
secondly, digging holes: digging holes at fixed points of 100cm multiplied by 50cm to 100cm multiplied by 100cm in the prepared forest land, wherein the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height of the digging holes are respectively (40 to 80) cm multiplied by (30 to 60) cm;
thirdly, base fertilizer application: applying 10-20 kg of base fertilizer into each hole, wherein the base fertilizer comprises decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer prepared from mulberry fallen leaves and silkworm excrement; uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and the surface soil and filling the mixture into the holes;
fourthly, planting: before trees begin to sprout in the next 2 months, cyclocarya paliurus seedlings which grow for 1-2 years, are not less than 80cm in height and not less than 1.0cm in ground diameter are selected and planted in the fixed-point digging holes, and the density is 667-1334 plants/mu;
fifthly, cutting off the stem: cutting the trunk at a position 15-20 cm away from the ground after planting, promoting the base of the trunk to sprout more branches, changing the tree character of the single trunk of cyclocarya paliurus, and enabling the trunk to become shrubby and dwarfing the crown;
sixth, picking in stages: picking leaves three times or more in spring, summer and autumn every year according to the growth phenological period of cyclocarya paliurus; wherein 4-5 terminal buds are picked and reserved in autumn, and the rest leaves are all removed;
seventhly, pruning and dwarfing: after spring picking and summer picking are finished every year, trunk pruning is carried out on main branches according to a preset height of 80-100 cm, side branches are reserved, and the height of the side branches is flush with that of the main branches; when picking in autumn, only picking leaves and keeping branches without pruning, and when picking in spring of the next year, pruning the leaves and the branches together;
eighthly, fertilizer and water management: keeping the water content of the soil to be 50-60% of the field water capacity, and irrigating when the water content of the soil in the forest land is lower than the field water capacity; in addition to normal tending management such as soil loosening, weeding and the like, silkworm excrement organic fertilizer is applied for 1 time after every picking, and a ring-furrow fertilization method is adopted, wherein 5-10 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant; sowing Trifolium repens or Astragalus sinicus leguminous plants in the forest land every autumn and winter, and ploughing the bamboo hat in the year to perform soil fertilization.
2. The method for cultivating cyclocarya paliurus in a dense planting, dwarfing and high-yield manner according to claim 1, wherein through holes with the aperture being less than or equal to 5mm or long waist holes with the hole width being less than or equal to 5mm are formed in the pipe wall of the sand-containing pipe (2) buried in the ground.
3. The close planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the depth of the sand-containing pipe (2) is 20-40 cm, and the diameter of the sand-containing pipe is less than or equal to 5 cm.
4. The dense planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the sand-containing pipe (2) is filled with mixed sand (23) which comprises more than 60% of engineering macadam and 10% of 2-5 mm coarse river sand.
5. The close planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner wall of the sand-containing pipe (2) has a roughness of more than or equal to 5 mm.
6. The method for cultivating cyclocarya paliurus in a dense planting, dwarfing and high-yield manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein before planting the seedlings in the holes, measures of dipping the roots of the seedlings in water, hanging slurry and dipping the roots of the seedlings in ABT rooting powder are taken.
7. The close-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method of cyclocarya paliurus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 6, wherein when the cyclocarya paliurus is picked in stages, tender shoots in early spring are timely and comprehensively harvested.
8. The close-planting dwarfing high-yield cultivation method for cyclocarya paliurus according to claim 1, 2 or 6, wherein the leaves with petioles on each branch are picked from top to bottom in spring and summer in the stage picking process, and leaves of about 1/4 below the branches are reserved.
9. The method for cultivating cyclocarya paliurus in a dense planting, dwarfing and high-yield manner as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 6, wherein the soil moisture content is sampled remotely and processed in time.
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| CN111657025A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-09-15 | 慈溪市国荣果蔬种植有限公司 | Intercropping cultivation method of oil peony and cyclocarya paliurus |
| CN112586262A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-02 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Cultivation method of picked elm |
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