CN106561385A - Morinda citrifolia propagation method applicable to inland hot zone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a morinda citrifolia propagation method applicable to an inland hot zone, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural propagation. The problem in the prior art that morinda citrifolia can not be cultivated or propagated in an inland zone is solved. The morinda citrifolia propagation method comprises the following steps: Step A, an environment with the mean annual temperature being 21-27 degrees and the annual rainfall being 1500mm is selected as a plantation; Step B, morinda citrifolia seeds are collected from healthy and good-resistance morinda citrifolia plants; Step C, in June and July, the morinda citrifolia seeds are broadcasted in matrixes; Step D, when morinda citrifolia seedlings grow three pairs of true leaves, the morinda citrifolia seedlings are transplanted into plastic bags; Step F, when the plant heights of the morinda citrifolia seedlings reach 25cm, the morinda citrifolia seedlingss are transplanted in the plantation for field planting; Step G, within a first week after the field planting of the morinda citrifolia seedlings, the morinda citrifolia seedlings are watered one time every other 2-3 days, then the morinda citrifolia seedlings are watered one time every 7-15 days; and Step H, after August, morinda citrifolia fruits are ripe and can be harvested. With the adoption of the morinda citrifolia propagation method, morinda citrifolia can be cultivated and propagated in the inland zone.

Description

Suitable for the method for breeding noni of inland hot-zone

Technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture raising technology field, cultural method of more particularly to a kind of island plant in hinterland.

Background technology

Noni, scientific name is Morinda citrifolia, and genus rubia section Morinda plant, China is referred to as Morinda Citifolia, sea Radix Morindae Officinaliss, beach wood Morinda offcinalis How or Folium Citri tangerinae Morinda offcinalis How.

Noni is grown under the beach level land on tropical island or sparse woods.Be distributed mainly on India and Sri Lanka, Central-South half Island, Australia the north, Polynesia island.The beach on the ground such as the island of Taiwan of China, Hainan Island and the Xisha Islands also has point Cloth.

Noni is among the people as the existing bimillennial history of health care and medicinal drink application in Polynesia, particularly too Flat ocean south island, the such as Pohle Buddhist nun of Tahiti is sub-, Malaysia, and in the Australian and Hawaiian indigenous people, noni is Requisite daily health products.Noni contains 23 kinds of alkaloids, and 13 kinds of vitamin, nutrient substance enriches.Noni clinical pharmacology The synthesis result of research shows：Noni can safeguard the normal function of human cell tissue, strengthen body immunity, change bacterioflora It is ecological and improve gastral function.Tool adjusts physiological function and helps for sleep and alleviates stress, improves muscle power and endurance, goes back With fat-reducing and skin maintenance effect.Noni energy antiviral, such as anticancer, pulmonary carcinoma in terms of medical treatment, to treating autoimmune disease Such as rheumatism, the respiratory tract diseases such as the generation of Acute or chronic pain, asthma are prevented, diabetes, nephritis, arthritis, hysteria is sensitive Disease, arteriosclerosis, menoxenia, cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, myocardial infarction all has curative effect.In the South Pacific Ocean one, band have The laudatory title of " celestial fruit ", is described as " the outstanding treasure that the Nature favor gives people class ".At present, there is scale kind in Taiwan and Hainan Island Plant, the ripe fruit of collection is processed into noni fruit powder and ferment or fruit juice crop health product are edible.

Noni form：Noni is green, the perennial shrub of length to arbor, and high up to more than 5m, stem is straight, the nearly four prism type of branch. Noni leaf interacts opposite, Long Circle, ellipse or oval；The long 12-25cm of leaf, two ends are tapering or anxious sharp, generally have gloss, nothing Hair, full edge；Vein two sides is raised, and middle arteries upper central has a groove, lateral vein per side 5-7 bars, below arteries and veins it is close by short beam hair；Leaf The long 5-20mm of handle；Wide per 1 piece of side between stipule leave handle, top expands semicircular in shape, full edge, without hair.

The inflorescence of noni：Noni is polymerized to " flower bud " for collective fruit inflorescence, first blooms after long " flower bud ", i.e. inflorescence, every a section A raw inflorescence and with leaf opposite, peduncle is about 1-1.5cm；Majority is spent, without stalk；How many calyx pipes bonds to each other, limb It is near truncated；Corolla white, infundibulate is about 1.5cm, and the close villosity of throat, top 5 is split, and sliver ovum shape lanceolar is about 6mm；Stamen 5, rare 4 or 6, Zhe Sheng corolla throat, filigree is about in 3mm, flower pesticide to the first half exposes Guan Kou, linear, in the back side Portion life, is about 3mm, two Room, lobe；Style is about isometric with hat pipe, slightly expands from bottom to top, and top two is split, and sliver is linear, slightly pitches Open.

Noni fruit：The Room of noni ovary 4, have sometimes 1-2 rooms infertility, per room have ovule 1, ovule is slightly flat, its shape with Raw position is different and different, generally rounded, Long Circle or ellipse, or other shapes, grows wild, sagging or not sagging.It is really avette, children Shi Lvse, white when ripe, about as before raw egg is big, footpath about 2.5cm.The noni anniversary grows, annual flowering fruit bearing stage.

Noni seeds feature：Noni has pyrene 4-2 per drupe, and pyrene obovate is curved slightly within, and hard papery has two Room, on Side room is empty greatly, 1 seed of the lower narrow tool in side room；Seed is little, flat；Plant shell hard, have cavity；Profile Long Circle, wing is arranged at bottom；Embryo Directly, radicle is the next, cotyledon Long Circle；Endosperm enriches, and matter is crisp.

Noni is grown in Island in prior art, it is impossible to carries out cultivation in hinterland and breeds.

The content of the invention

Cannot carry out cultivating in hinterland in solve the problems, such as prior art and breed noni, the present invention provides a kind of suitable For the method for breeding noni of inland hot-zone, its technical scheme is as follows：

Suitable for the method for breeding noni of inland hot-zone, the inland hot-zone refer to latitude be located at 21 degree to 25 degree of north latitude it Between, and height above sea level is inland river valley, sandy beach or the mountain region of below 600m；

It is characterized in that including following sequential steps：

Step A, addressing：

In the inland hot-zone, it is relatively wet that selection year-round average temperature is 21-27 DEG C, annual rainfall reaches more than 1500mm, air Degree is more than 70%, environment frostless throughout the year, as the plantation for breeding noni, the soil texture in plantation require soil layer it is deep, Loose, soil property is fertile, organic matter is abundant, and water retention property is good；

Step B, breeding：

Full ripe noni fruit is gathered from healthy and strong, the noni plant of better resistance, by peel and sarcocarp in noni fruit Extrusion is removed, and takes out noni seeds, then the sarcocarp removed on noni seeds is crumpled with gauze, is then rushed noni seeds with clear water Wash clean, be placed under shady and cool ventilation environment dry it is standby；

Step C, sowing：

In 6-7 months, by the noni seeds warm water soaking 12-24 hours of 48-52 degree Celsius, after taking-up is dried, it is sown in seedbed Or in the substrate in flowerpot, one layer of thick soil of 0.2-0.5 ㎝ being covered on seed, the environment of seeding and seedling raising keeps moistening and light Line is sufficient, it is to avoid sunshine shining directly, and Jing often waters, and keeps substrate moistening；

Substrate in the seedbed or flowerpot adopts the fine sand of wash clean, substrate that peat soil may also be employed with perlite by 2：1 Weight proportion is mixed, and substrate may also be employed peat soil with fine sand by 1：1 weight proportion is mixed, and substrate is prior to seeding 2d is placed after being sterilized with 50% carbendazim；

Step D, nursery：

Noni seeds are sown into after substrate, and through 20-30d rudiment is started, and are grown to serve as noni Seedling；

When noni Seedling grows 3 pairs of true leaves, when plant height reaches 10 ㎝, the modeling equipped with Nutrition Soil of 10*12 ㎝ is implanted into In pocket, it is put in cool canopy and cultivates 3-6 month；

Step F, field planting：

When the plant of noni Seedling grows to 25 ㎝ height, the sunshade net at the top of cool canopy is removed, practice Seedling after 15 days, move it into plantation Garden is colonized；

Step G, the management after field planting：

Water：In the 1st week after the field planting of noni Seedling, 1 water was poured every 2-3 days, later per 1 water is poured within 7-15 days, October enters After entering winter, noni plant irrigation amount is gradually reduced, water is controlled in order, to strengthen the winter resistance in its winter；

Control grass：Plantation is periodically loosened the soil and machinery control grass, weeds are highly controlled in 10 below cm；

Pest management：Observation noni plant whether there is disease pest harm to be occurred, it is found that the state of an illness is processed in time, including the worm of tripping Ovum, manual catching and killing larva, take extension medicine bottle refuse to keep away Adult worms producting eggs；When winter or many rainwater, gray mold is prevented to occur in advance, control Disease spreads；

Fertilising：Into after autumn, the annular ditch of wide 30cm × depth 30cm is first excavated around noni plant, then chased after in annular ditch Gram/plant of 5-10 kilogram/plant of organic fertilizer+potash fertilizer 50, the fertilizer for applying imbeds bottom of trench after fully mixing homogeneously with table soil, covers One layer of table soil；

Step H, harvesting：

After January next year, start to bear fruit on noni plant；After August part, with noni fruit it is smoothened, full, peel Color gradually by dark green switch to it is light green reach maturation to milk yellow, can harvest.

Preferably, in step G, after October, using the covering with ground sheeting of wide cut 90-110cm in noni plant table Face, mulch film surrounding is compacted with fine earth sealing, be its objective is to keep humidity and is reduced moisture evaporation, while also increasing ground temperature, is strengthened The winter resistance of noni plant.

Using the inventive method, cultivation can be carried out in hinterland and breed noni, the noni growth cycle cultivated is short, Disease resistance and winter resistance are all stronger.

Specific embodiment

Suitable for the method for breeding noni of inland hot-zone, including following sequential steps：

The condition of 1 noni seeds growth

The environmental condition of 1.1 noni growth：Noni is preferably planted in 23 degree of extremely neighbouring hot-zones of north latitude in inland.Planting site addressing Preferably in the river valley of below height above sea level 600m, sandy beach or mountain region；The soil texture requires that soil layer is deep, loose, and soil property is fertile, organic matter is rich Richness, has water retention property.

The weather conditions of 1.2 noni growth：Temperature：Average temperature of the whole year is more than 20 DEG C；Year, most cold moon temperature was not less than 10 DEG C； Humidity：Annual rainfall reaches 1500mm, and relative air humidity is preferably greater than 70% frostless region.

2 noni types of seeding

The propagation method of 2.1 noni：

Noni can adopt seed propagation, implement inland growing and cultivation.

The seed propagation method of 2.2 noni：

2.2.1 noni seeds are produced：Full ripe fruit is gathered from the plant of healthy and strong, better resistance leave and take seed.Seed preferably when Year adopts and broadcast then that bud rate is higher, and with the prolongation of the time of reserving seed for planting, the germination percentage of noni seeds is gradually lowered.Noni seeds from into Extrusion removes peel and sarcocarp, then the sarcocarp gone on seed with gauze rubbing in ripe fruit, is rinsed well with clear water, is placed on cool place Dry under ventilated environment.Can immediately sow or give over to standby.

2.2.2 the sowing time：In Yunnan Province Yuxi Salvador in Yuanjiang County of Yunnan Province hot-zone, the seed of noni all can be sowed throughout the year, with the summer Season sowing is the best results that 6-7 months are sowed, and the bud ratio of seed is high and neat, up to more than 70%.Winter sowing is needed in temperature Interior is carried out, and the time of sprouting is to sprout summer more than one times of the time, and summer 23d, winter needs 45d or longer time.

2.2.3 sowing is processed：Noni seeds soak 12-24 hours with 50 degree of warm water prior to seeding, after slightly drying In being sown in preprepared seedbed or flowerpot, the layer soil of 0.2-0.5 ㎝ thickness one is covered above seed.Noni seeds are sown into base After matter, typically need to start gradually rudiment through the 20-30d times.The environment of seeding and seedling raising preferably keeps moistening and bright and clear, it is to avoid Sunshine shining directly.And Jing often waters and keeps substrate moistening.

2.2.4 sowing media：The substrate of sowing noni is best from the fine sand of wash clean；Also 1 part can be added with 2 parts of peat soils Perlite is used in mixed way；Or add 1 part of fine sand mix homogeneously to use with 1 part of peat soil.Substrate needs to use 50% carbendazim in sowing time 2d after sterilization, can use.

2.2.5 bag is gone up：When noni seeds Seedling grows 3 pairs of true leaves, i.e. transplantation when plant height reaches 10 ㎝.Transplanting is used The nutrient bag for having filled Nutrition Soil of 10*12 ㎝, noni Seedling moves into the nutrient bag rearmounted cultivation in cool canopy 3-6 month, when plant length It is colonized to garden can be entered during 25 ㎝ height.Sunshade net can be in advance removed before Seedling field planting, is practiced Seedling and is colonized for 15 days, survival rate is higher.

The daily management of 3 noni

The daily management in 3.1 seedling stages

3.1.1 water：In the 1st week after noni field planting, 1 water should be poured every 2-3 days, 1 water can be weekly poured later.With little Seedling noni interval of watering of gradually growing up can extend to 7-15 days and pour 1 water.Interlude length water mainly with that time Seasonal weather situation and rhizosphere soil moisture content determine.

3.1.2 grass is controlled：Preferably keep without grass in the tree disk of noni.Weeds in garden can periodically be cut with brush cutter and be cut, and will be miscellaneous Natural plant height degree is controlled in 10 below cm.

3.2 summer management

3.2.1 moistening is kept：Noni happiness is wet, and around its tree disk and rhizosphere moistening is kept, and every 10-15d 1 water is poured.Enter After entering rainy season, water and determine regarding rhizosphere soil moisture content.

3.2.2 grass is controlled：With reference to loosening the soil, machinery control grass is periodically carried out, weeds are highly controlled in 10 below cm.

3.2.3 pest and disease damage：Note observing noni whether there is disease pest harm generation in summer, it is found that the state of an illness should in time with artificial side Method process.Such as the worm's ovum of tripping, manual catching and killing larva, extension medicine bottle is taken to refuse to keep away Adult worms producting eggs.

3.2.4 fertilising：The noni being generally colonized then can in the fall apply 1 fertilizer.First excavate width 30cm around tree disk The annular ditch of × depth 30cm, imposes gram/plant of 5-10 kilogram/plant of fertilizer+potash fertilizer 50.Noni can not single nitrogen fertilizer application to avoid Excessive growth, lodges or is subject to insect infestations.The fertilizer for applying imbeds bottom of trench and covers one layer of table soil after fully mixing homogeneously with table soil.

3.3 winter management

3.3.1 water is controlled：Noni irrigation amount is gradually reduced into after October, water is controlled in order, to strengthen the winter resistance in its winter.

3.3.2 covering with plastic film：After October, one layer of mulch film is covered in the tree disk area of noni, play holding humidity and subtract The effect of few moisture evaporation；Also increase ground temperature simultaneously, strengthen the winter resistance of noni.The general mulch film using wide cut 90-110cm covers Lid noni tree panel surface, mulch film surrounding is compacted with fine earth sealing.

4 noni pest and disease damage prevention and control

4.1 noni Major Diseases and management

Normal year noni in the winter time or when rainwater is many, there is a small amount of gray mold almost without disease.Notice that in advance prevention is i.e. Controllable disease spreads.

4.2 noni Major Pests and management

The noni four seasons are evergreen, and blade is big, tender, color is green, and summer extremely causes Leaf-feeding Insects.Especially in dry year, it is easier to By leafeating insect such as：Gold Testudiniss class insecticide cluster endangers.Artificial prevention and control are organized when the time comes.At ordinary times emphases of supervision is such as old in preventing and treating The lepidopterous larva such as tiger, Papilio xuthus (Linne)． and an a kind of butterfly harmful to crop plants endangers noni tender leaf.Notice that observation finds early, timely artificial treatment, or take Hang medicament and refuse to keep away adult and lay eggs on plant.Preventing and treating is sprayed during prevention using high-efficient low toxicity insecticide.

5 noni are harvested

Using the noni that then Summer-sowing mode is cultivated, to after January next year, start to bear fruit on noni plant；August part with Afterwards, with little on fruit, the flowers are in blossom thanks, fruit it is smoothened, full, fruit colour is gradually switched to light green to yellow fraction by dark green Color, that is, reach maturation.Now to harvest at once.Noni fruit is preferably plucked in the fine day morning, and fruit will be located in time after harvesting Reason, or section dry in the sun or directly enter tank and do fermentation process.

Claims (2)

1. suitable for inland hot-zone the method for breeding noni, the inland hot-zone refer to latitude be located at 21 degree to 25 degree of north latitude it Between, and height above sea level is inland river valley, sandy beach or the mountain region of below 600m；

It is characterized in that including following sequential steps：

Step A, addressing：

In the inland hot-zone, it is relatively wet that selection year-round average temperature is 21-27 DEG C, annual rainfall reaches more than 1500mm, air Degree is more than 70%, environment frostless throughout the year, as the plantation for breeding noni, the soil texture in plantation require soil layer it is deep, Loose, soil property is fertile, organic matter is abundant, and water retention property is good；

Step B, breeding：

Full ripe noni fruit is gathered from healthy and strong, the noni plant of better resistance, by peel and sarcocarp in noni fruit Extrusion is removed, and takes out noni seeds, then the sarcocarp removed on noni seeds is crumpled with gauze, is then rushed noni seeds with clear water Wash clean, be placed under shady and cool ventilation environment dry it is standby；

Step C, sowing：

In 6-7 months, by the noni seeds warm water soaking 12-24 hours of 48-52 degree Celsius, after taking-up is dried, it is sown in seedbed Or in the substrate in flowerpot, one layer of thick soil of 0.2-0.5 ㎝ being covered on seed, the environment of seeding and seedling raising keeps moistening and light Line is sufficient, it is to avoid sunshine shining directly, and Jing often waters, and keeps substrate moistening；

Substrate in the seedbed or flowerpot adopts the fine sand of wash clean, substrate that peat soil may also be employed with perlite by 2：1 Weight proportion is mixed, and substrate may also be employed peat soil with fine sand by 1：1 weight proportion is mixed, and substrate is prior to seeding 2d is placed after being sterilized with 50% carbendazim；

Step D, nursery：

Noni seeds are sown into after substrate, and through 20-30d rudiment is started, and are grown to serve as noni Seedling；

When noni Seedling grows 3 pairs of true leaves, when plant height reaches 10 ㎝, the modeling equipped with Nutrition Soil of 10*12 ㎝ is implanted into In pocket, it is put in cool canopy and cultivates 3-6 month；

Step F, field planting：

When the plant of noni Seedling grows to 25 ㎝ height, the sunshade net at the top of cool canopy is removed, practice Seedling after 15 days, move it into plantation Garden is colonized；

Step G, the management after field planting：

Water：In the 1st week after the field planting of noni Seedling, 1 water was poured every 2-3 days, later per 1 water is poured within 7-15 days, October enters After entering winter, noni plant irrigation amount is gradually reduced, water is controlled in order, to strengthen the winter resistance in its winter；

Control grass：Plantation is periodically loosened the soil and machinery control grass, weeds are highly controlled in 10 below cm；

Pest management：Observation noni plant whether there is disease pest harm to be occurred, it is found that the state of an illness is processed in time, including the worm of tripping Ovum, manual catching and killing larva, take extension medicine bottle refuse to keep away Adult worms producting eggs；When winter or many rainwater, gray mold is prevented to occur in advance, control Disease spreads；

Fertilising：Into after autumn, the annular ditch of wide 30cm × depth 30cm is first excavated around noni plant, then chased after in annular ditch Gram/plant of 5-10 kilogram/plant of organic fertilizer+potash fertilizer 50, the fertilizer for applying imbeds bottom of trench after fully mixing homogeneously with table soil, covers One layer of table soil；

Step H, harvesting：

After January next year, start to bear fruit on noni plant；After August part, with noni fruit it is smoothened, full, peel Color gradually by dark green switch to it is light green reach maturation to milk yellow, can harvest.

2. the method for breeding noni suitable for inland hot-zone according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

In step G, after October, using the covering with ground sheeting of wide cut 90-110cm in noni plant surface, mulch film surrounding It is compacted with fine earth sealing, its objective is to keep humidity and reduce moisture evaporation, while also increasing ground temperature, strengthens the anti-of noni plant It is cold.