CN1739334A

CN1739334A - Asexual propagation method for groundcherry

Info

Publication number: CN1739334A
Application number: CN 200510090930
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘秀才
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-08-22
Filing date: 2005-08-22
Publication date: 2006-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2025-08-22
Also published as: CN100353827C

Abstract

The asexual propagation method for ground cherry includes selecting land, selecting roots, fix planting, applying fertilizer, field management, and harvest. The method features cutting selected root into 10-15 cm length sections with 2 or 3 bud eyes each; covering soil of 5-8 cm; applying farmyard manure as base fertilizer and spraying 600 times diluted humic acid to foliage; and thinning fruits to remain at most 7 fruits in each branches. The method can domesticate wild ground cherry and increase yield of cultivated ground cherry.

Description

Asexual propagation method for groundcherry

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of wild plant vegetative propagation cultivation method, particularly asexual propagation method for groundcherry.

Background technology

The russule ma (another name wintercherry fruit or calyx, franchet groundcherry persistent calyx or fruit, day bubble fruit, beat and clap grass, Chinese lantern, brave man's cap used in ancient times grass, Wang mother pearl, Lip river cornea, hardship and indulge in, remove from office pin etc. by Physalis alkekengi L.var, francheti) formal name used at school wintercherry.

Russule ma form is seen accompanying drawing 1～6.Complete stool is smooth, and only the tender part of terrestrial stem children is omited tool and dredged hair.Underground rhizome is horizontal to be walked, and terrestrial stem is upright, high 35-80cm; Purple often is with in the terrestrial stem bottom, and top is branch and " it " font complications slightly not, little tool corner angle, and stipes slightly expands.Leaf is person's alternate under stem, in, top person Chang Erye is false to giving birth to shape, the long 1.5-3cm of petiole with giving birth to a joint; Ye Guang is avette or avette, long 6-12cm, and wide 5-9cm, sharp point of tip or point gradually, the circular or wide wedge shape of base portion and rapid narrow and be extended down to petiole top down, it is irregular wavy or be the meagre shape of incising that leaf margin is, and omit the tool undercoat.Hua Dan is born in axil, and bennet is very thin, long 0.8-1.6cm, calyx mitriform, long 5-6mm, edge and outside tool undercoat, calyx tooth 5, triangle; The wide mitriform of corolla, white, diameter 1.5-2cm, sliver 5, wealthy and lack, the anxious point of tip, external undercoat; Stamen 5 is shorter than corolla, the long 2mm of filigree, and base portion is flat wealthy, and and be born in the nearly base portion of corolla place, the ellipse garden of flower pesticide shape, yellow is about 3mm, and base is given birth to, and splits stamen and also is shorter than corolla, is about 7mm, and style is elongated, column cap two shallow splitting, son is upper, avette, Room 2.The long 2-3cm of carpopodium; The place calyx is wealthy ovum and opens cryptomere, and diameter 2.5-3.5cm is orange red to vermilion, thin keratin, and the tip point, the berry sealing is born in the calyx capsule of place, and sphere is about diameter 1.5cm, orange red to vermilion, smooth, sparkling and crystal-clear.The seed majority, flat wealthy avette, yellow.Florescence 6-10 month, fruit phase 7-10 month.Russule ma fruit maturation in autumn, the fruit flavor is sweet, slightly sour, little hardship, place calyx bitter.Rich vitamins C, physalin, citric acid oxalic acid and unique flavor, and that northern various places are all liked is edible.Three provinces in the northeast of China because of frost after day and night temperature big, help that fruit sugar transforms and sweet taste is more sufficient, pluck the back so autumn, frost occurs.

That the russule ma distinguishes the flavor of is bitter, light weight, cold in nature and complete stool is used as medicine, and puts down in writing in the Compendium of Material Medica: " the russule ma controls dysphoria with smothery sensation, and sedate benefit gas, is controlled and five drenched, beautiful stem pain, controls stomachache, controls abscess of throat diuresis." detect through pharmacology, the russule ma is contained citric acid, oxalic acid, 18 seed amino acids, vitamin A, B, C, E etc., wintercherry haematochrome, carotin, physalin, hystonin, tigloidine, poly-hydroxyl gamma lactone compound and 20 several mineral materials.According to a minute folding, contain protein 0.7-1.0 gram, fat 0.2 gram, carbohydrate 2.6-3.3 gram, raw fiber 1.1 grams, calcium 18-22mg, phosphorus 19-32mg, iron 1.0 grams in the 100 gram russule ma fruits, vitamin A 18-22mg, Cobastab 20.7mg, vitamin C 56-84mg (suitable) with the king's who is known as fruit kiwi fruit Vitamin C content.Also contain wintercherry alcohol in the berry.Contain this sterol of standing grain, pure leaf-alcohol, ring benzene pineapple alkanol, Charantin, 5-hydroxytryptophane and several amino acids (mainly being glutamic acid, alanine, phenyl alanine, aminobutyric acid etc.) in the russule ma seed.Three became its looks after the russule ma beared fruit, and changeed red again by green flavescence, changed three times and produced three kinds of taste hardships, acid, sweet.Hardship is gone into stomach, the flavor entering the liver first earlier, is sweetly gone into spleen earlier, so its medicinal and health care is all more obvious, has clearing heat and detoxicating, relieve sore throat, reduce phlegm, diseases such as the effect of diuresis and being used to is prevented and treated pharyngalgia hoarsen that pharyngitis causes, the phlegm-heat cough of tracheitis, difficult urination, ephritis, hepatitis B, cholecystitis, diabetes, neurasthenia.

Summary of the invention

A kind of method of cultivating the russule ma comprises choosing ground, selects root, field planting, fertilising, field management, gathers, and it is characterized in that the root that will select is cut into 10 to 15cm long segments, every section 2 to 3 eyes, and earthing dark 5 is to 8cm; Base fertilizer is executed farmers''s fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and foliage fertilizer sprays 600 times of humus; Pinch off young shoots in the field management and make each branch of every strain keep 7 fruits.

Wherein the choosing ground gradient is no more than 15 degree, and the soil is porous.Handle root segment with root-growing agent when breeding, cultivating or transplanting.Base fertilizer is executed farmers' and is become thoroughly decomposed fertile 3 cubic metres every mu, and the foliage fertilizer time of spraying is respectively seedling and all sprouts back, full-bloom stage and the full bearing period.Field planting spacing in the rows 10 is hoed up weeds before the field planting 2 times to 15cm, hoes up weeds after the field planting 1 time, intertills 3 times.Ventilate, printing opacity, prevent the sick and root rot of calyx skin.Per 10 days of picking time plucked once, connected to pluck 3 times, then gathered in russule ma seedling, put in the shade ventilation and dried in the shade medicinal.

Method of the present invention can habituation of wild russule ma, and carries out vegetative propagation, enlarges area under cultivation fast, and cultivation just has the fruit of 2/3rds plant all ripe then, and next year promptly enters the full bearing period, and high yield period reaches 4 years.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 represents to tame single of back russule ma individual plant figure as a result;

Fig. 2 represents that the russule ma generates base figure;

Fig. 3 represents wild russule ma fruit figure;

Fig. 4 represents to tame the due-in russule ma figure of after ripening;

Fig. 5 represents to tame the back russule ma herb figure in vegetative period.

Embodiment

Vegetative propagation cultivation russule ma's method step is as follows:

1. select ground, whole ground

(1) choosing ground: russule ma's rhizome is sprouted underground being the level of state and is grown crosswise around plant, and a strain russule ma can send strain surplus the new strain ten, away from outside 1 meter of the maternal plant, new strain growth can be arranged all.The russule ma likes the climate of warm and moist, likes full light and does not like high light, is advisable with the black sand matter soil loose, fertile, that drainage is good, moisture capacity is strong, gas permeability is good.Should select following hillock, the hillside fields of 15 degree.Soybean, corn, wheat, millet stub land be suitable planting russule ma all.

(2) whole ground of autumn

Autumn ploughs, and turns over dark 25-30cm, and the leveling rake is thin.Autumn beats the ridge or spring top slurry is beaten the ridge, suppression in time, row spacing 66cm.

2. kind root

(1) from the very first: be preferably in and carry out the previous day of planting, from the very first amount is decided according to the progress of planting, and what is planted what play, and should not deposit too much and overlong time.To guarantee that from the very first kind of root is intact, prevent to damage the bud embryo, simultaneously, be strictly on guard against and expose to the weather, to improve survival rate.Kind of root should not be transported for long-distance, and transportation range is short more good more, offspring will be tied into wisp during transportation with wet gunnysack parcel, shelters from heat or light, sun-proof, anti-wind.

(2) segment: from the very first, select root and segment in the cool, undercut is become the segment of 10-15cm, every section will be left 2-3 bud embryo.

(3) handle:, take root treasured or root-growing agent can be sprayed on the root segment by matched proportion density for activating kind of a root germination vigor.

3. transplant

(1) transplanting time: roughly March 25 to April 25, promptly behind the wheat cultivation, before the field seeding (temperature is stable by 3 ℃-5 ℃).

(2) transplanting method: the kind root after will handling is put along furrow with the spacing of 5cm, should not be rare excessively, and the dark 5-8cm of earthing, compacting.

(3) transplant points for attention:

Soil is clamminess and easily hardens behind the one, rain, should not plant at once.

The kind root that the 2nd, can't plant the same day is in time transported indoor shady and cool place back, places on the damp sand, builds with wet gunnysack with upward, prevents kind of a root dehydration, and the holding time should not be long, the longest can not rising 3 days.

4. fertilising

(1) base fertilizer: use sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with the autumn wholely, the base fertilizer well-rotted farmyard manure, a mu fertilising consumption is 3 cubic metres.

(2) foliage fertilizer: spraying the green two A levels of humus has the sour leaven of level three times, for the seedling back 600 times of liquid that all sprout spray strong root manure, sprays the fertilizer of bearing fruit for 600 times of liquid of full-bloom stage for the second time for the first time, for the third time for the full bearing period 600 times of liquid spray and increase the sweet hardship fertilizer that goes.

5. field management

(1) thinning final singling: it is very strong that the russule ma germinates ability, overstocked for preventing plant, influences illuminance, penetrating degree and keeping degree, need pull out close stand and weak tendency seedling, final singling when seedling length arrives the 10cm left and right sides, and spacing in the rows 10 is to 15cm.

(2) hoe up weeds, intertill: the farmland running to weeds easily takes place in the russule ma after kind of root is transplanted, and can carry out in conjunction with thinning and manually hoe up weeds, and need hoe up weeds 3 a breeding time, and preceding 2 times of field planting is after the field planting 1 time (based on the grass of putting on airs); Intertill in succession 3 times, first pass is the seedling back furrow pine deeply that all sprouts, and uproots under the furrow 1/3rd seedling with luck, do not go up native, do not press the ridge to help 2/3rds seedling.Be for second time the shallow soil intertillage of going up, last soil highly is under the ridge 1/3rd.The 3rd time with second time.

(3) moisture management: be wild before the russule ma tames, promptly not drought-enduring also intolerant to waterlogging, the russule ma after the domestication will select optimum soil for use.When arid, soil moisture content was lower than russule ma suitable degree, and rainy season, soil moisture content can surpass russule ma's suitable degree, should accomplish that drought can irritate, waterlog and can arrange, and adopted water lift, diversion, and measures such as sprinkling irrigation and drainage channel are administered.

(4) pinch off young shoots: russule ma's florescence is 6-9 month, and the fruit phase is 7-10 month, and the florescence is long, and the fruit phase is also long, and the ability of promptly bearing fruit is strong.The later fruit that blooms is difficult for ripe, wastes nutrition, the quality of the normal fruit of influence, and the every skill in back keeps 7 fruits so every strain russule ma pinches off young shoots.

6. the extermination of disease and insect pest

The common disease of russule ma insect pest has two kinds of calyx skin spot disease and root rot.

Calyx skin spot disease is expanded mainly due to fruit in the maturation, and spot shape point appears in the calyx skin, and calyx skin variable color simultaneously by orange red, the bright red flavescence white again that shoals, netted calyx skin occurs, the only surplus vein net of calyx skin at last.Prevent that way from being suitably to impose foliage fertilizer, strengthen the plant resistance against diseases, note draining, ventilation, printing opacity simultaneously.

Root rot harm russule ma root, the complete stool withered death of falling ill, susceptible disease when soil water amount is high.Prevent method, the one, dug drainage channel in area of heavy rainfull and low-lying plot, make as far as possible not occur long period ponding in the furrow.The 2nd, the discovery diseased plant is in time pulled out, and with quicklime is sterilized in sick cave.

7. gather in the crops

(1) pluck: the russule ma begins ripe by stages and in groups the first tenday period of a month in September, because of florescence, fruit phase difference, the maturing stage have have earlier after, suitablely redly a collection ofly pluck a collection ofly, harvesting was in three batches altogether adopted a collection ofly in 10 days, one month is manually to have plucked early October.

(2) airing: the russule ma under will plucking packs in 10 kilograms of plastic knitting mesh bags, places shady and cool ventilation to dry, and must not drench with rain and sunlight exposure, in order to avoid reduce quality.

(3) harvesting: early October will put ventilation backlight and dries in the shade medicinal after will harvesting the russule ma plant harvesting of fruit.

Claims

1. a method of cultivating the russule ma comprises choosing ground, selects root, field planting, fertilising, field management, gathers, and it is characterized in that the root that will select is cut into 10 to 15cm long segments, every section 2 to 3 eyes, and earthing dark 5 is to 8cm; Base fertilizer is executed farmers''s fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and foliage fertilizer sprays 600 times of humus; Pinch off young shoots in the field management and make each branch of every strain keep 7 fruits.

2. according to the described method of claim 1, the choosing ground gradient is no more than 15 degree, and the soil is porous.

3. according to the described method of claim 1, handle root segment with root-growing agent when breeding, planting or transplanting.

4. according to the described method of claim 1, base fertilizer is executed farmers' and is become thoroughly decomposed fertile 3 cubic metres every mu, and the foliage fertilizer time of spraying is respectively seedling and all sprouts back, full-bloom stage and the full bearing period.

5. according to the described method of claim 1, field planting spacing in the rows 10 is hoed up weeds before the field planting 2 times to 15cm during cultivation, hoes up weeds after the field planting 1 time, intertills 3 times.

6. according to the described method of claim 1, to ventilate in the field management, printing opacity, prevent the sick and root rot of calyx skin.

7. according to the described method of claim 1, per 10 days of picking time plucked once, connected to pluck 3 times, then gathered in russule ma seedling, put in the shade ventilation and dried in the shade medicinal.