CN112262712A - High-yield cultivation method for radix zanthoxyli - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of radix zanthoxyli, belonging to the field of plant cultivation. Comprises two parts of seedling cultivation and medicinal material planting; the seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps: cutting cuttings, cuttage, seedling management, seedling hardening and seedling outplanting; the medicinal material planting method comprises the following steps: planting land requirement, land preparation before planting, mother seed garden management and harvesting. The invention carries out comparative research and planting popularization on variety screening of Zanthoxylum nitidum by researching different germplasm types and different breeding modes. The method is divided into two aspects of cuttage cultivation and medicinal material planting, the rooting and seedling rate can reach about 50% in the cuttage cultivation, the seedling root system is developed, and the yield of the subsequent medicinal materials can be effectively improved; the survival rate of the seedlings is up to 98% in the aspect of medicinal material planting, the finished product obtained after one-step planting has high nitidine chloride content, and the heavy metal and pesticide residues meet the national standard.

Description

High-yield cultivation method for radix zanthoxyli

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli with high yield.

Background

Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC) is plant of Rutaceae family, and is also called radix Zanthoxyli, Digitalis purpurea, etc.; is a perennial herbaceous plant. As recorded in the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China, the medicinal part is root, bitter and pungent in taste, mild in nature and slightly toxic. It enters liver and stomach meridians. Promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, promoting qi circulation, relieving pain, dispelling pathogenic wind, dredging collaterals, removing toxic substance, and relieving swelling. Can be used for treating traumatic injury, gastralgia, toothache, rheumatalgia, and venomous snake bite; it can be used for external treatment of burn and scald. In folk medicine, the root, stem, leaf and pericarp of radix Zanthoxyli can be used as main raw materials. The analgesic effect is mainly applied clinically, and the analgesic composition is also found to have the effects of sterilization, tumor resistance, cytotoxicity, platelet aggregation resistance and the like at present, and has great development and application values.

The radix zanthoxyli is a bulk medicinal material, and is applied to various Chinese patent medicine products and daily chemical products with good efficacy, including toothpaste, health care products, famous Chinese patent medicines developed by taking the radix zanthoxyli as a main medicament or an auxiliary medicament include external wind-cold-induced eruption medicinal granules, gynecological climbing fern tablets, golden chicken capsules, golden chicken tablets, golden chicken medicinal granules, bone spur tablets, bonesetting liquid, radix zanthoxyli toothpaste, radix zanthoxyli toothache liquid and the like, and is mainly used for clinical treatment of orthopedic pain, internal medicine cold, gynecological inflammation, skin inflammation, toothache, tooth protection and tooth cleaning and the like, and the annual demand is more than 4000 tons.

For a long time, the radix zanthoxyli meets the medication by using wild resources, but with the predatory development of resources, domestic resources can not meet the market demand, more than 70 percent of raw medicinal materials circulating in the market are imported from the south of the vietnamese country through the ports of the south of the Guangxi country and the Yunnan country, and the production place tends to extend from the south of the vietnamese country to the surrounding countries. In the medicinal materials, a large number of corbicula shell pepper, corbicula pseudochinensis shell pepper, zanthoxylum armatum, zanthoxylum avicularis, zanthoxylum heterophyllum, zanthoxylum armatum bunge, toddalia asiatica and the like which belong to the same genus are mixed, and the mixed fake products bring hidden troubles to the safety and the effectiveness of the medicine.

Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) dc, as a species, is followed by the original variant var. In the original variety, the two varieties of the vine type with the stem incapable of being upright and the brush tree type with the stem upright are morphologically separated, the two varieties of the single plants have great differences in the size, weight and medicinal material quality on the root and the stem, and the market demand and germplasm basis for excellent variety breeding are realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating the Zanthoxylum nitidum with high yield, which can obtain a large amount of Zanthoxylum nitidum seedlings in a short time and meet the production requirements of a planting base.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the method is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli with high yield comprises the following steps:

(1) seedling cultivation:

cutting the cutting: selecting 1 year-old semi-lignified branches of Zanthoxylum nitidum plants; pruning the branches into 3 or 4 sections of cuttings with the length of 15-20cm for later use;

cuttage: inserting the cuttings into a seedling culture container filled with a light matrix; two sections of the cutting are buried in the light matrix;

seedling management: keeping the temperature range at 20-35 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 60-80%; keeping the light matrix wet without water accumulation; covering a sunshade net with shading rate of 60-70%;

hardening seedlings: after 4-6 months of cuttage, removing the sunshade net;

and (3) seedling delivery: when the seedling grows to have 1 new branch; the new branch is more than 20cm long; the seedlings grow more than 5 new roots and are outplanted or transferred to a mother seed garden for cultivation;

(2) medicinal material planting

The planting land requirement is as follows: the pH value of the soil is 5.5-7; the soil type is non-saline-alkali soil;

soil preparation before planting: making a furrow on the planting field; the width of the ridge is more than or equal to 90cm, and the height of the ridge is 20-30 cm; fertilizing on the ridge surface;

planting: planting in 2-5 months or 10-11 months at planting interval of 70 × 120 cm; seeding on the ridge and covering soil;

planting management: keeping soil on the ridge moist but without accumulated water; and (4) fertilizing after the plants survive. Fertilizing after the height of the plant is 1m, covering the fertilizer with soil after each fertilizing to raise the soil layer, and increasing the planting area of the main stem of the plant;

harvesting: harvesting between 11 months and 2 months in the next year after three years of planting, and shearing branches of plants as seedling propagation materials or shearing roots and stems as finished products after harvesting.

Preferably, the species of Zanthoxylum nitidum is the type of shrub in the original variety Zanthoxylum nitidum var nitidum of Zanthoxylum genus of Rutaceae family.

Preferably, in the cuttage step, the seedling raising container is a non-woven bag; the volume ratio of the components in the light matrix is peat soil, filler, organic fertilizer and perlite is 4:3:2: 1; the filler is at least one of coconut husk, rice husk, sawdust and edible fungus leftovers.

Preferably, the cuttings need to be disinfected and soaked in plant growth hormone before cutting; the plant growth hormone is potassium indolebutyrate or naphthylacetic acid; the dosage of the potassium indolebutyrate is 250-1000 ml/L; the dosage of the naphthylacetic acid is 250-1000 ml/L.

Preferably, in the seedling raising management, after new roots of the cuttings grow out and 2-3 new leaves of the branches spread, spraying a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaf surfaces; or spraying a mixed solution of monopotassium phosphate and compound fertilizer.

Preferably, during planting, planting holes are dug at planting intervals, the hole depth is more than or equal to 20cm, more than or equal to 1kg of organic fertilizer and 50g of calcium superphosphate are applied to each hole as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is uniformly mixed with soil; 1 seedling is planted in each hole.

Preferably, in the management of seedling breeding, water and fertilizer are applied to seedlings every 2 weeks; the water fertilizer is 0.2-0.5% water solution of organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer.

Preferably, in the planting management, when the seedlings grow to be more than or equal to 1m in height, more than or equal to 0.5kg of organic fertilizer and 50-100g of compound fertilizer are added to each plant.

Further preferably, the mol ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the compound fertilizer is 1:1: 1.

the invention carries out comparative research and planting popularization on variety screening of Zanthoxylum nitidum by researching different germplasm types and different breeding modes. The method is divided into two aspects of cuttage seedling cultivation and medicinal material planting, the rooting and seedling rate of about 50% can be achieved in the cuttage seedling cultivation, the seedling root system is developed, and the yield of the subsequent medicinal materials can be effectively improved; the survival rate of the seedlings is up to 98% in the aspect of medicinal material planting, the finished product obtained after one-step planting has high nitidine chloride content, and the heavy metal and pesticide residues meet the national standard.

Detailed Description

The following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the invention. Other various modifications, substitutions and alterations of the above-described structures of the present invention will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention as described herein.

Example characteristic observation and medicinal material quality analysis of Zanthoxylum nitidum of different germplasm types and different breeding modes

1. Biological characteristics of liana type and brush wood type two-side needle

The rattan type and the shrub type double-faced needles have the following typical characteristics in difference except for the common characteristics of the double-faced needles:

rattan type

The plant length can reach 7 m; the root system comprises 1 main root and 3-5 thicker and larger lateral roots, the diameter of the thicker and larger root is 0.5-2cm, the root length is 30-80cm, which is common about 1 cm. Old stem about 2.5cm thick with winged winding wood plug layer; all parts of the plant have no hairs; the branches and the leaf shafts have many thorns, and the odd feather-shaped compound leaves have 3-7 small leaves; the lobular leathery is generally complete, the veins in two sides are usually sharp and thorns, and the leaves are glossy after being dried; the peel is red brown, and the diameter of each fruit-dividing segment reaches 7 mm.

Shrub type

The root system of the adult plant is mostly in a fibrous root cluster with unobvious main roots and unfolding during the cultivation of shrubs, and the adult plant has 4 to 11 thicker roots and the thickness of the roots is 0.8 to 3.2 cm. Cultivating adult plants with the height of 3-5 m; the main stem is upright and strong, and the thickness of the main stem after 3 years of planting can reach 8-9 cm; the lateral branch sprouting ability is strong, and a plurality of lateral branches at all levels are scattered at the top of the plant, so that the plant is in a vertical shrub shape. In wild bush or miscellaneous tree forests, the stems of the adult plants climb over the trees to make the plants in the shape of wooden vines. The stems, branches and leaf axes are provided with sharp hooks, the base parts of skin pricks on the upper parts of thick stems are in a long oval pillow shape, and the needling in the center is short and slender. The plant tender branches, inflorescence axes and flower stalks are all short and soft. The odd feather-shaped compound leaves have 7-9-11 leaflets; when young plants grow, the veins on two sides of the small leaf pieces are sparse and short, when the plants grow up, the veins on the upper side are almost thornless, and the veins on the lower side are sparse; the small blade is made of paper or is slightly thick, the blade tip is long or short, the top end of the small blade is provided with an obvious notch, and the notch is provided with an oil spot; the edge of the blade is provided with shallow and shallow cracked teeth, and the tooth gaps are provided with oil spots, sometimes the whole edge. The peel is reddish brown and purple brown, and the diameter of each fruit is 5-6 mm.

2. The performance of shrub type Zanthoxylum nitidum with different planting places and different reproduction modes

The observation and detection results are shown in table 1.1 and table 1.2.

From observation of several years, the cutting of the cutting seedling has inherent advantages of thicker stem than the seedling and more roots than the seedling, so that the thickness of the main stem, the number of roots and the large lateral root (primary root) is higher than that of the seedling, and the medicinal material yield is higher than that of the seedling. And the more the plant is planted in loose good soil, the more obvious the fibrous root property of the root system is, and the lower the yield is.

The difference of the shrub-type radix zanthoxyli medicinal materials harvested in different years is large. The content of the root active ingredient chlorinated nitidine reaches the requirement that the content of the chlorinated nitidine is not less than 0.13% in 2015 edition of pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China, the medicinal materials harvested in 3 and 4 years are not greatly different in yield and quality, the medicinal materials harvested in 2 years are low in yield, and the quality of part of samples does not reach the standard. Therefore, the seeds are preferably planted and harvested in 3 years.

Except for qualified root quality, the contents of nitidine chloride in pseudo root (big root head, i.e. stem segment part entering the soil) and main stem can not meet the requirements of pharmacopeia, and the radix zanthoxyli chloride is not suitable for being used as a medicinal material, namely radix zanthoxyli.

In addition to the factors studied above, the other process parameters of the planting method are as follows:

(1) selecting a planting field: the radix Zanthoxyli prefers warm and humid environment, and the growth suitable temperature is 25-30 deg.C. The requirement on soil is not strict, and the soil can be planted in general and accumulated water is avoided except that the saline-alkali soil is not suitable for planting. The sunny low-slow hillside or flat land can be selected, the pH value of the soil is 5.5-7, and the soil is convenient to drain and irrigate, deep in soil layer, free of water accumulation and light in soil quality.

The quality of air, soil and irrigation water should meet the requirements of the Chinese medicinal material production quality management standard.

The root system of the Zanthoxylum nitidum plants planted in good soil environments such as loam and sandy loam is generally developed, but the Zanthoxylum nitidum plants mainly have fine roots and fibrous roots, are low in quality and have low medicinal material yield.

(2) Preparing a planting field: when planting in sloping fields, the plants can be planted in terraced fields around mountains, and the method is relatively convenient to manage and harvest; or planting according to planned plant and row spacing without making terraced fields. Deeply turning for 40cm before planting, plowing until soil is loosened, cleaning sundries such as tree roots, grass roots and stones, leveling to form beds, and making drainage ditches along the terrain. The width of the ridge is 90cm, the height of the ridge is 20-30cm, the width of the ridge ditch is 30cm, the length of the ridge is not limited, and the ridge is broken according to the terrain and the terrain.

(3) Planting: planting in spring (2-5 months) and autumn (10-11 months). The row spacing is 0.8 × 1.2m (about 690 plants/mu) or 0.7 × 1.2m (about 790 plants/mu). Planting in the morning and evening or in the shade and after rain. And excavating planting holes with the depth of 20cm at the center of the finished ridge surface according to the required plant spacing, applying 1kg of organic fertilizer and 50g of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer to each hole, and uniformly mixing with soil. Planting 1 seedling in each hole, filling soil, compacting, watering root-fixing water thoroughly, and covering fine soil slightly higher than the ground. The wider row spacing is reserved because the plants of the two-side needles are punctured, and the wider row spacing is convenient for field management operations such as weeding, topdressing, trimming and the like.

(4) Field management:

1, seedling supplementing: and in the 1 st month after the planting, paying attention to check survival conditions and timely replanting seedlings.

2, drainage and irrigation: keep the soil moist to benefit survival. And (4) draining water in rainy days to prevent waterlogging.

3 intertillage and weeding: weed and cheating seedlings are forbidden in the seedling stage, and the intertillage weeding times can be reduced after the plants grow up.

4, topdressing and ridging: in the seedling stage, water and fertilizer can be applied to promote rapid growth and plant robustness, the water and fertilizer can be mixed with cake fertilizer and organic fertilizer to form water and wet compost, or mixed with compound fertilizer (N: P: K molar ratio is 1:1:1) to form 0.2-0.5% of water and fertilizer, and the water and fertilizer is sprayed once every 2 weeks. After the height of the plant is about 1m, intertillage weeding can be performed in autumn and winter of the 1 st year and spring and summer of the 2 nd year, 0.5kg of organic fertilizer and 50-100g of compound fertilizer are respectively applied to each plant according to the size of the plant, the plants are planted in a trench, and soil and fertilizer are covered after the application. The soil is cultivated by combining fertilization, and the area of the main stem entering the ground is increased by cultivating high soil layers one by one, so that the rooting area and possibility are increased, and the yield of medicinal materials is improved. The ridging is an important technical link, and mainly comprises the steps of ridging the main stems one by one, increasing the soil-entering area of the main stems, enabling the soil-entering parts to possibly grow roots, and promoting the generation of medicinal part roots by increasing the area of the root-growing parts, so that the yield of medicinal materials is improved.

5, pruning: after the trunk of the plant is basically formed in the first year, excessively dense weak branches, insect-resistant branches, dead branches and sprouting branches from the rootstocks are trimmed so as to promote the formation of a reasonable plant shape.

6, pest control: the common longhorn beetles eat stems and roots, adults can be caught manually or eggs of the longhorn beetles can be removed, and iron wires are inserted into wormholes to prick and kill the larvae; or soaking 80% original solution of dichlorvos in absorbent cotton, plugging into the hole, sealing with mud, and poisoning larva.

TABLE 1.1 Observation of the planting of brush-wood Zanthoxylum nitidum in different planting areas and different reproduction modes

In table 1, the plant growth was:

2016: the stem grows vertically, and the stem grows to 2-3.5cm in the end of the year. The germination capacity of lateral branches is strong, the lateral branches generally begin to germinate on main stems after the height of the lateral branches is 1m, the number of the lateral branches is as high as 7 or 8, the main stems of partial plants are not obvious after the lateral branches grow, and the partial plants are bent and drooped after the lateral branches grow, so that the plants are in a bush shape and only grow nutritionally in the same year.

In 2017: new shoots were germinated on 2016 germinated shoots. The stem thickness further increased to 4-5-6 cm. In 12 months, the individual branches show sporadic short inflorescences and axilla, and sporadic flowers, generally 1-3 flowers, are planted on the inflorescences.

In 2018: and (4) germinating new branches on the branches germinated in the previous year. The stem thickness further increased to 4-5-6-7 cm. It blooms in 2-4 months and almost all plants bloom. Short and short raceme or cone inflorescence, axillary, and 3-5-7-11 flowers in inflorescence. The fruit period is 7-10 months, and the fruit is mature in the last ten days of 8 months. The pericarp of mature fruit is stained red or purple red, sometimes cracking to reveal black seeds. In the last 9 th month, a large amount of mature fruits can be seen, and at the moment, seeds can be picked and harvested for breeding seedlings.

In 2019: new shoots germinate on the top shoots, but in lesser numbers. The individual branches bloom sporadically in 2-3 months. The ripe fruit can be used as seed in the last 9 th month. Compared with the last year, the flower and fruit are very little. In the fourth year of planting, the increment of stem thickness is low, compared with the third year, the increment is almost not increased, the stem thickness is 4-5-6-7-8.5cm, more seedlings are usually 4-5cm, and more cutting seedlings are usually 5-7 cm. Collecting the medicinal materials in 11 months of the year, digging out the plants by a small hook machine, manually cutting the roots and the rhizomes with a chopper, and using human medicine as main stems with the length of about 80cm on the ground.

In table 1.1, the medicinal site growth was:

comparison: wild plants are mainly straight root systems, and have thicker main roots and thicker main lateral roots.

Seedling growing: the root (true root) is thicker than the stem at the junction with the rhizome, but is sharply reduced in downward constriction. When the plants are planted in sandy loam, loam and light clay, compared with wild plants, the roots of about 70 percent of the plants have flat and large fibrous roots with indefinite main roots and near multiple lateral roots in a soil layer of 10-25cm, and the fibrous roots are developed. The main root and the main lateral root are in the shape of slender rat tail, the main lateral root is 5-8-10 strips, the length is 20-80cm, the thickness (maximum end) is 0.8-3cm, and the number is more than 0.8-1.5 cm. The stem section from the hilling into the ground has the skin portion becoming earthy yellow and the skin holes become obvious like the root portion, which is called "big root head" or "false root". When the plant is planted in acid soil with high viscosity, the root system is undeveloped and presents a straight root system state similar to that of a wild plant, the main root is about 30cm long, 3-4 main lateral roots are nearly as large as the main root, the length is about 30-60cm, and the thickness is 1-1.5 cm.

Cutting seedlings: the part of the cutting buried in the soil is thickened along with the growth of the plant, is almost as large as the main stem, the bark part of the cutting becomes earthy yellow, and the skin holes on the cutting become obvious like the root part, and the part is temporarily called pseudo-root. The first-level root (real root) mainly comes out from the vicinity of the cut of the lower end of the cutting, usually 6-8-11, and presents a fibrous root system extending to the periphery in a soil layer of 10-25cm, the first-level root is in the shape of a slender rat tail, is 30-80cm long, is 1-3cm thick (the largest end), and is more than 2 cm.

TABLE 1.2 yield and quality of shrub type Zanthoxylum nitidum of different planting areas and different propagation modes

In table 1.2: (1) description of sample number: the first letter indicates cultivated or wild, the second letter indicates shrub type or vine type, the third letter (number) indicates planting age, and the fourth letter indicates seedling or cutting seedling. (2) Description of several parts of the herbs: the root is the "true root", that is, the botanical organ "root"; the pseudo roots are main stem parts of cutting seedlings or seedlings which are planted in the soil; the main stem is 80cm upward from the ground rhizome. (3) During quality detection, the real root, the false root and the main stem are sampled and detected. (4) During detection, the wild sample and the cultivated sample are compared and analyzed. (5) Heavy metal and pesticide residue detection is carried out on the samples of the 3 fruits of the planting irrigation and the 3 skewers of the planting irrigation; 3 actual planting irrigation, namely 0.642mg/kg of Hg, 0.017mg/kg of As, 1.65mg/kg of Cd, 5.46mg/kg of Cu5, 3.15mg/kg of Pb, and not detected by hexachloro cyclohexane, DDT, quintozene and aldrin; planting 3 cuttings Hg 1.07mg/kg, As0.0175mg/kg, Cd 0.738mg/kg, Cu 5.96mg/kg, Pb 1.19mg/kg, and hexachloro cyclohexane, DDT, pentachloronitrobenzene, and aldrin were not detected.

EXAMPLE two Zanthoxylum nitidum cutting seedling Breeding test

According to the technical characteristics of cuttage seedling breeding and the biological characteristics of the radix zanthoxyli, corresponding comparison test research is carried out.

1 materials and methods

1.1 test materials

The Zanthoxylum nitidum used for the test is collected from Zanthoxylum nitidum mother seed gardens of the south medicine seedling production center, branches which are strong in growth and free from diseases and insect pests are cut during the test, cut into 4-5 cuttings with length of 15-20cm, and cut in time. The test agents are commercially available.

1.2 test methods

1.2.1 Effect of different types of shoot on root-taking of Zanthoxylum nitidum cuttage

The cuttings are taken from different types of branches, and the branches are divided into 1-year-old tender branches, 1-year-old semi-lignified branches and 2-year-old branches.

1.2.2 cuttage contrast test on different light substrates

3 light substrates are treated, namely yellow core soil, mixed light substrates (volume ratio, yellow core soil: river sand: coconut chaff: 4: 1:1) and light substrates (volume ratio, peat soil: coconut chaff: organic fertilizer: perlite: 3:2: 1: 1).

1.2.3 comparison test of different plant growth hormones and concentrations for increasing the rooting rate of cuttage

The plant growth hormones are potassium indolebutyrate and naphthylacetic acid respectively, and the treatment concentration (mg/L) and the soaking time(s) are set as 0/60, 250/60, 500/5 and 1000/5.

Except for the treatment set in each test, 1-year semi-lignified cuttings are selected, the bottom ends of the cuttings are placed into 1000-time carbendazim solution to be soaked for 30min, then the cuttings are placed into 500mg/L potassium indolebutyrate solution to be soaked for 5-6 seconds and then are cut, the seedling raising light substrates are light substrates (volume ratio, peat soil, coconut chaff, organic fertilizer and perlite is 3:2: 1:1), and non-woven bags with the length of 10 x 12cm are used as seedling raising bags. 1 plant is inserted into each bag, and 2 sections of the cutting slips are buried into the light medium during the cutting. Each treatment was performed in 3 replicates, 30 replicates. The test is carried out in a seedling raising shed with a sun shading device, the temperature in the seedling raising shed is controlled to be 25-35 ℃, the relative humidity of air is controlled to be 60-80%, and the shading rate is kept to be 60-70%.

1.3 data processing

After 60d of cutting, taking out all cuttings from the light matrix one by one, and counting the rooting rate (survival rate), the average rooting number of the rooting cuttings, the average length of the longest root, the number of new branches and the length of the new branches. Data processing was performed using dpssv 9.5 standard version software, with multiple comparisons analyzed by LSD method, 5% significance level (lower case letters).

In addition to the factors studied above, the other planting process standards are:

(1) selecting and preparing the land for seedling culture: selecting land blocks convenient for drainage and irrigation, leveling land, and making a road network, an irrigation system and a drainage system. The seedlings can be raised in open field or in greenhouse.

(2) Preparing a seedling bed: the ridge width is 100-120cm, the operation channel between ridges is about 40cm, and the ridge length is determined according to the seedling quantity.

(3) Cuttage: in the center of the seedling bag filled with the matrix, a hole is deeply inserted by a wooden stick thicker than the cuttings, the bud heads of 1 cutting is inserted upwards into the hole, two sections are buried in the soil, and the seedling bag is slightly shaken to ensure that the matrix is in close contact with the cuttings. Arranging and placing the inserted seedling raising bags, and timely and thoroughly spraying water.

(4) Managing cutting seedlings:

a, building a shed and managing light, temperature and humidity: outdoor open field seedling raising, after each ridge is placed in a cuttage mode, a small arched shed is built, and the height of the arched shed is 0.8-1 m; covering a sunshade net and a plastic film according to the weather condition, and controlling the shading degree to be about 70 percent, the air temperature to be 20-35 ℃ and the humidity to be 60-80 percent. And (5) paying attention to the management of temperature and humidity when growing seedlings in the seedling growing greenhouse.

b, drainage and irrigation: pouring water thoroughly with soft water flow to keep the matrix wet. And in rainy days, water is drained to prevent root rot and plant diseases and insect pests.

c, weeding: weeds are removed in time when the volume is up to 5cm so as to avoid water and fertilizer competition and influence on seedling growth. Artificial weeding is used, and chemical herbicides are prohibited. When removing weeds, attention is paid to prevent the roots of the cuttage branches from loosening.

d, topdressing: when new roots grow and 2-3 leaves of a new branch normally spread, 0.1 mass percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves, and the spraying is carried out once in 10 days. After 3 months, 0.2 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer solution in mass ratio can be applied by spraying once for 2 weeks.

e, pest control: at the initial stage of the root rot disease, 800 times of liquid of 50% thiophanate methyl or 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim can be used for irrigating the roots. The sick seedlings are dug out seriously, the sick holes are disinfected by quicklime, and the sick seedlings are burnt intensively.

f, hardening seedlings: after 4-6 months of cuttage, hardening seedlings according to the growth condition. The shed can be opened for half a day and removed after 2 weeks. The greenhouse seedlings can be moved out of the open field for placing, the sun is shaded from 10 am to 4 pm, the net is uncovered at other times, and the net is uncovered completely after 2 weeks for hardening seedlings.

2 results and analysis

2.1 comparative test for the cuttage of different types of cuttings

The results of comparative cutting tests for different types of cuttings are shown in table 3. When the seeds are examined, the rooted plants grow on the scissoring skin part mainly, the number of the roots is 4-10, the roots are usually fibrous roots, and the roots gradually become fibrous root clusters along with the development of seedlings; the skin embedded in the light matrix is also rooted. The new branches usually grow from the topmost segment of the overground part, namely the axillary buds of the first segment below the upper cut, and only 1 new branch usually grows from one cutting. The young cuttings are susceptible to diseases and rot in the test process, while the branches growing in 2 years are weak in meristematic capacity and are not easy to root and grow into seedlings.

TABLE 2.1 comparative cuttage test results for different types of cuttings

2.2 cutting contrast test on different light substrates

The results of the comparative cutting tests with different light substrates are shown in table 2.2. The three light matrixes have relatively consistent rooting rate, but the average number of roots and the average ratio of the longest root length plants of the mixed light matrix and the light matrix are larger than those of yellow soil due to looseness, and the light matrix has the best performance under the condition of strengthening management such as late topdressing and the like. The yellow soil and mixed light matrix bagged seedlings are harder and heavier, and the light matrix non-woven bag seedlings are lighter and more resistant to extrusion, so that the seedlings are more convenient to frame (case) transport.

TABLE 2.2 cuttage contrast test results of different light media

2.3 comparative testing of different auxin and concentration treatments

The results of comparative experiments with different auxin and concentration treatments are shown in table 2.3. The cutting is treated by hormone, which has certain promotion effect on the breeding of the Zanthoxylum nitidum cutting seedlings. Potassium indolebutyrate and naphthylacetic acid both have promoting effects, but potassium indolebutyrate is the more common plant growth agent in the market at present. The cutting is preferably carried out after the cutting is dipped in 500mg/L potassium indolebutyrate solution for 5 to 6 seconds.

TABLE 2.3 comparative test results for different auxin and concentration treatments

3 conclusion

The cuttage propagation is an effective means for the breeding of the zanthoxylum nitidum seedlings. The semi-lignified branch of a 1 year plant has higher rooting rate, 4-5 joints of the cutting are cut, the cutting is processed immediately after the cutting, the lower part of the cutting is soaked in 1000-time carbendazim solution for 30min before the cutting, the cutting is carried out in time after the cutting is carried out and the surface is dried in the air and then is soaked in 500mg/L concentration potassium indolebutyrate solution for 5-6s, and the cutting is carried out immediately after 1 cutting is inserted into each container during the cutting. The light medium container is suitable for seedling culture, especially for the non-woven light medium cup, and is more convenient for transportation and preservation in transportation. The light matrix is preferably made of a material with good water and fertilizer retention, and the diameter of the container is 5cm at least and the height of the container is 10cm at least. Rooting starts about 2 weeks after the cutting, the roots are mainly grown at the skin part of the lower scissoring opening, and the strong seedlings can be bred out of the nursery in about 5-6 months.

EXAMPLE III two-side needle-inserted bag seedling direct-breeding large-scale production

In 3 months in 2018, in a south drug seedling production center of a southern drug five-color rural area in Yulin, Guangxi, tissue is bred in a seedling raising greenhouse to obtain two-side needle bag seedlings, 10500 seedlings are subjected to cuttage, and counting is carried out before planting in 2019 to obtain 5420 seedlings, wherein the seedling rate is 51.6%, and the seedlings are used for demonstration planting of a south drug two-side needle planting demonstration project.

EXAMPLE four planting of Zanthoxylum nitidum mother seed gardens Using cutting seedlings

In 2019, in 4-5 months, the self-propagating zanthoxylum dissitum DC cutting seedlings are used for planting demonstration of the zanthoxylum dissitum DC in the construction of the south China medicinal garden project of the southern China in the southern Yangling five-color rural area. The planting density of the exemplary field is 0.7 multiplied by 1.2m, and the total planting area is 6.9 mu.

Claims (9)

1. A method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli with high yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) seedling cultivation:

cutting the cutting: selecting 1 year-old semi-lignified branches of Zanthoxylum nitidum plants; pruning the branches into 3 or 4 sections of cuttings with the length of 15-20cm for later use;

cuttage: inserting the cuttings into a seedling culture container filled with a light matrix; two sections of the cutting are buried in the light matrix;

seedling management: keeping the temperature range at 20-35 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 60-80%; keeping the light matrix wet without water accumulation; covering a sunshade net with shading rate of 60-70%;

hardening seedlings: after 4-6 months of cuttage, removing the sunshade net;

and (3) seedling delivery: when the seedling grows to have 1 new branch; the new branch is more than 20cm long; the seedlings grow more than 5 new roots and are outplanted or transferred to a mother seed garden for cultivation;

(2) medicinal material planting

The planting land requirement is as follows: the pH value of the soil is 5.5-7; the soil type is non-saline-alkali soil;

soil preparation before planting: making a furrow on the planting field; the width of the ridge is more than or equal to 90cm, and the height of the ridge is 20-30 cm; fertilizing on the ridge surface;

planting: planting in 2-5 months or 10-11 months at planting interval of 70 × 120 cm; seeding on the ridge and covering soil;

planting management: keeping soil on the ridge moist but without accumulated water; and (4) fertilizing after the plants survive. Fertilizing after the height of the plant is 1m, covering the fertilizer with soil after each fertilizing to raise the soil layer, and increasing the planting area of the main stem of the plant;

harvesting: harvesting between 11 months and 2 months in the next year after three years of planting, and shearing branches of plants as seedling propagation materials or shearing roots and stems as finished products after harvesting.

2. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises: the Zanthoxylum nitidum variety is the shrub type of the original variety Zanthoxylum nitidum var nitidum of Zanthoxylum genus of Rutaceae family.

3. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises: in the cuttage step, the seedling culture container is a non-woven bag; the volume ratio of the components in the light matrix is peat soil, filler, organic fertilizer and perlite is 4:3:2: 1; the filler is at least one of coconut husk, rice husk, sawdust and edible fungus leftovers.

4. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises: before cuttage, the cuttings need to be disinfected and soaked in plant growth hormone; the plant growth hormone is potassium indolebutyrate or naphthylacetic acid; the dosage of the potassium indolebutyrate is 250-1000 ml/L; the dosage of the naphthylacetic acid is 250-1000 ml/L.

5. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises: in the management of seedling culture, after new roots of the cuttings grow out and 2-3 new leaves of the branches spread, spraying a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves; or spraying a mixed solution of monopotassium phosphate and compound fertilizer.

6. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises: during planting, fixed planting holes are dug at planting intervals, the hole depth is larger than or equal to 20cm, organic fertilizer with the weight of larger than or equal to 1kg and calcium superphosphate with the weight of 50g are applied to each hole as base fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is uniformly mixed with soil; 1 seedling is planted in each hole.

7. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises: in the management of seedling breeding, water and fertilizer are applied to the seedlings every 2 weeks; the water fertilizer is 0.2-0.5% water solution of organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer.

8. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises: in the planting management, when the seedlings grow to be more than or equal to 1m in height, more than or equal to 0.5kg of organic fertilizer and 50-100g of compound fertilizer are added to each plant.

9. The method for high-yield cultivation of Zanthoxylum nitidum according to any one of claims 5, 7 and 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the mol ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the compound fertilizer is 1:1: 1.